48-438: The Horse Protection Act of 1970 ( HPA ); (codified 15 U.S.C. §§ 1821 – 1831 ) is a United States federal law , under which the practice of soring is a crime punishable by both civil and criminal penalties, including fines and jail time. It is illegal to show a horse, enter it at a horse show , or to auction, sell, offer for sale, or transport a horse for any of these purposes if it has been sored. Soring
96-590: A "fox guarding the chicken coop" situation", as if the HIO is not fully interested in preventing or detecting the practice of soring, the DQPs may not be fully trained or may deliberately overlook instances of soring. When APHIS inspectors are present at horse shows, the number of citations for violations increases significantly. Competitors and trainers at shows, viewing themselves as unjustly persecuted, have been known to leave when they find APHIS inspectors present, rather than allowing
144-791: A branch of the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). Although violations of the law are seen most often in the Tennessee Walking Horse industry, the Horse Protection Act covers all breeds. Originally all inspectors were from APHIS, but a lack of funding led to a 1976 amendment to the act, which allows non-USDA employees to be trained and certified as inspectors. This program has not always been successful, with some non-USDA inspectors being more lenient on violators than others, and citations for violations tend to increase significantly when USDA inspectors are present at
192-411: A person on any limb of a horse, or (D) any other substance or device has been used by a person on any limb of a horse or a person has engaged in a practice involving a horse, and, as a result of such application, infliction, injection, use, or practice, such horse suffers, or can reasonably be expected to suffer, physical pain or distress, inflammation, or lameness when walking. The Horse Protection Act
240-465: A show. Several methods are used to detect violations of the act, including observation, palpation and gas chromatography / mass spectrometry to identify chemicals on horses' legs. Certain training techniques and topical anesthetics can be used to avoid detection by the first two methods. There have been a number of unsuccessful challenges to the act on the grounds on constitutionality, as well as challenges on varying other issues. In 2013, an amendment to
288-592: Is found in Title 15 of the United States Code , which covers commerce and trade. Section (§) 1821 covers the definitions of the terms used in the act and §1822 details the Congressional statement of findings. The requirements placed upon horse shows and exhibitions are covered in §1823. §1824 covers the core provisions of the act, prohibiting the "shipping, transporting, moving, delivering, or receiving of any horse which
336-595: Is grounds for penalties under the Horse Protection Act. However, in a decision promulgated by the Fifth Circuit Court , it was found that soreness found through digital palpation alone was not sufficient evidence upon which to base penalties. The largest association in the United States for equine veterinarians , the American Association of Equine Practitioners (AAEP), called the practice of soring "one of
384-482: Is not. The issue of digital palpation, one of the main methods used by inspectors to find and verify soreness, has been contested in several courts, and is the only issue that has had courts come to varying conclusions on its legitimacy. The majority of courts with appeals rising to the Circuit Court level, have held that palpation is a legitimate method for identifying soreness, and that soreness found through palpation
432-466: Is sore" as well as the actual showing, exhibition, entry into a show, sale, or auction of a sored horse, including offering a sored horse for sale, as well as outlining the responsibilities of show management and recordkeeping requirements. The export of horses is covered in §1824a. §1825 covers penalties for violations detailed previously in the act, which may be civil or criminal, with fines of up to $ 50,000 and imprisonment of up to five years. §1826 details
480-9500: Is the Robinson Patman Act 15 U.S.C. ch. 2 — Federal Trade Commission ; Promotion Of Export Trade And Prevention Of Unfair Methods uk Competition 15 U.S.C. ch. 2A — Securities Act , Trust Indentures Act 15 U.S.C. ch. 2B — Securities Exchanges 15 U.S.C. ch. 2B-1 — Securities Investor Protection 15 U.S.C. ch. 2C — Public Utility Holding Companies 15 U.S.C. ch. 2D — Investment Company Act , Investment Advisers Act 15 U.S.C. ch. 2E — Omnibus Small Business Capital Formation 15 U.S.C. ch. 3 —Trade-Marks 15 U.S.C. ch. 4 — China Trade 15 U.S.C. ch. 5 —Statistical and Commercial Information 15 U.S.C. ch. 6 —Weights and Measures and Standard Time Subchapter I—Weights, Measures, and Standards Generally Subchapter II— Metric Conversion Subchapter III—Standard Gauge for Iron and Steel Subchapter IV—Screw Threads Subchapter V—Standard of Electricity Subchapter VI—Standard Barrels Subchapter VII—Standard Baskets and Containers Subchapter VIII— Standard Hampers, Round Stave Baskets, and Splint Baskets for Fruits and Vegetables Subchapter IX— Standard Time 15 U.S.C. ch. 7 — National Institute of Standards and Technology 15 U.S.C. ch. 7A —Standard Reference Data Program 15 U.S.C. ch. 8 — Falsely Stamped Gold or Silver or Goods Manufactured Therefrom 15 U.S.C. ch. 9 — National Weather Service 15 U.S.C. ch. 9A — Weather Modification Activities Or Attempts; Reporting Requirement 15 U.S.C. ch. 10 — War Finance Corporation 15 U.S.C. ch. 10A — Collection of State Cigarette Taxes 15 U.S.C. ch. 10B —State Taxation of Income from Interstate Commerce 15 U.S.C. ch. 11 — Caustic Poisons (repealed) 15 U.S.C. ch. 12 —Discrimination Against Farmers Cooperative Associations by Boards Of Trade 15 U.S.C. ch. 13 — Textile Foundation 15 U.S.C. ch. 13A — Fishing Industry 15 U.S.C. ch. 14 — Reconstruction Finance Corporation 15 U.S.C. ch. 14A — Aid to Small Business 15 U.S.C. ch. 14B — Small Business Investment Program 15 U.S.C. ch. 15 —Economic Recovery 15 U.S.C. ch. 15A —Interstate Transportation Of Petroleum Products 15 U.S.C. ch. 15B — Natural Gas 15 U.S.C. ch. 15C — Alaska Natural Gas Transportation 15 U.S.C. ch. 16 — Emergency Relief 15 U.S.C. ch. 16A — Emergency Petroleum Allocation 15 U.S.C. ch. 16B — Federal Energy Administration 15 U.S.C. ch. 16C - Energy Supply and Environmental Coordination 15 U.S.C. ch. 17 - Production, Marketing, and Use of Bituminous Coal 15 U.S.C. ch. 18 - Transportation of Firearms 15 U.S.C. ch. 19 - Miscellaneous 15 U.S.C. ch. 20 - Regulation of Insurance, McCarran–Ferguson Act 15 U.S.C. ch. 21 - National Policy on Employment and Productivity 15 U.S.C. ch. 22 - Trademarks ( Lanham Act ) 15 U.S.C. ch. 23 - Dissemination of Technical, Scientific and Engineering Information 15 U.S.C. ch. 24 - Transportation of Gambling Devices 15 U.S.C. ch. 25 - Flammable Fabrics 15 U.S.C. ch. 26 - Household Refrigerators 15 U.S.C. ch. 27 - Automobile Dealer Suits Against Manufacturers 15 U.S.C. ch. 28 - Disclosure of Automobile Information 15 U.S.C. ch. 29 - Manufacture, Transportation, or Distribution of Switchblade Knives 15 U.S.C. ch. 30 - Hazardous Substances 15 U.S.C. ch. 31 - Destruction of Property Moving in Commerce 15 U.S.C. ch. 32 - Telecasting of Professional Sports Contests 15 U.S.C. ch. 33 - Brake Fluid Regulation 15 U.S.C. ch. 34 - Antitrust Civil Process 15 U.S.C. ch. 35 - Seat Belt Regulation 15 U.S.C. ch. 36 - Cigarette Labeling and Advertising 15 U.S.C. ch. 37 - State Technical Services 15 U.S.C. ch. 38 - Traffic and Motor Vehicle Safety 15 U.S.C. ch. 39 - Fair Packaging and Labeling Program 15 U.S.C. ch. 39A - Special Packaging of Household Substances for Protection of Children 15 U.S.C. ch. 40 - Department of Commerce 15 U.S.C. ch. 41 - Consumer Credit Protection Subchapter I — Consumer Credit Cost Disclosure Subchapter II — Restrictions on Garnishment Subchapter IIA — Credit Repair Organizations Subchapter III — Fair Credit Reporting Act Subchapter IV — Equal Credit Opportunity Subchapter V — Debt Collection Practices Subchapter VI — Electronic Funds Transfer 15 U.S.C. ch. 42 — Interstate Land Sales 15 U.S.C. ch. 43 — Newspaper Preservation 15 U.S.C. ch. 44 — Protection of Horses 15 U.S.C. ch. 45 —Emergency Loan Guarantees to Business Enterprises 15 U.S.C. ch. 45A — Chrysler Corporation Loan Guarantee 15 U.S.C. ch. 46 —Motor Vehicle Information and Cost Savings Subchapter I: Bumper Standards Subchapter II: Automobile Consumer Information Study Subchapter III: Diagnostic Inspection Demonstration Projects Subchapter IV: Odometer Requirements Subchapter V: Improving Automotive Efficiency Subchapter VI: Theft Prevention 15 U.S.C. ch. 46A —Automobile Title Fraud 15 U.S.C. ch. 47 — Consumer Product Safety 15 U.S.C. ch. 48 — Hobby Protection 15 U.S.C. ch. 49 — Fire Prevention and Control 15 U.S.C. ch. 50 — Consumer Product Warranties 15 U.S.C. ch. 51 — National Productivity and Quality of Working Life 15 U.S.C. ch. 52 — Electric and Hybrid Vehicle Research, Development, and Demonstration 15 U.S.C. ch. 53 — Toxic Substances Control Subchapter I—Control of Toxic Substances Subchapter II— Asbestos Hazard Emergency Response Subchapter III— Indoor Radon Abatement Subchapter IV— Lead Exposure Reduction Subchapter V— Healthy High Performance Schools 15 U.S.C. ch. 54 — Automotive Propulsion Research and Development 15 U.S.C. ch. 55 — Petroleum Marketing Practices 15 U.S.C. ch. 56 — National Climate Program 15 U.S.C. ch. 56A — Global Change Research 15 U.S.C. ch. 57 — Interstate Horseracing 15 U.S.C. ch. 58 — Full Employment and Balanced Growth 15 U.S.C. ch. 59 —Retail Policies for Natural Gas Utilities 15 U.S.C. ch. 60 — Natural Gas Policy 15 U.S.C. ch. 61 — Soft Drink Interbrand Competition 15 U.S.C. ch. 62 —Condominium and Cooperative Conversion Protection and Abuse Relief 15 U.S.C. ch. 63 — Technology Innovation 15 U.S.C. ch. 64 — Methane Transportation Research, Development, and Demonstration 15 U.S.C. ch. 65 — Liability Risk Retention 15 U.S.C. ch. 66 —Promotion of Export Trade 15 U.S.C. ch. 67 — Arctic Research and Policy 15 U.S.C. ch. 68 — Land Remote-Sensing Commercialization 15 U.S.C. ch. 69 — Cooperative Research 15 U.S.C. ch. 70 — Comprehensive Smokeless Tobacco Health Education 15 U.S.C. ch. 71 — Petroleum Overcharge Distribution and Restitution 15 U.S.C. ch. 72 — Semiconductor Research 15 U.S.C. ch. 73 — Export Enhancement 15 U.S.C. ch. 74 — Competitiveness Policy Council 15 U.S.C. ch. 75 — National Trade Data Bank 15 U.S.C. ch. 76 — Imitation Firearms 15 U.S.C. ch. 77 — Steel and Aluminum Energy Conservation and Technology Competitiveness 15 U.S.C. ch. 78 — Superconductivity and Competitiveness 15 U.S.C. ch. 79 — Metal Casting Competitiveness Research Program 15 U.S.C. ch. 80 — Fasteners 15 U.S.C. ch. 81 — High-Performance Computing 15 U.S.C. ch. 82 — Land Remote Sensing Policy 15 U.S.C. ch. 83 — Telephone Disclosure and Dispute Resolution 15 U.S.C. ch. 84 — Commercial Space Competitiveness 15 U.S.C. ch. 85 — Armored Car Industry Reciprocity 15 U.S.C. ch. 86 — Children's Bicycle Helmet Safety 15 U.S.C. ch. 87 — Telemarketing and Consumer Fraud and Abuse Prevention 15 U.S.C. ch. 88 — International Antitrust Enforcement Assistance 15 U.S.C. ch. 89 — Professional Boxing Safety 15 U.S.C. ch. 90 — Propane Education and Research 15 U.S.C. ch. 91 — Children's Online Privacy Protection 15 U.S.C. ch. 92 — Year 2000 Computer Date Change 15 U.S.C. ch. 93 —Insurance, Title III of Gramm–Leach–Bliley Act 15 U.S.C. ch. 94 —Privacy 15 U.S.C. ch. 95 —Microenterprise Technical Assistance and Capacity Building Program 15 U.S.C. ch. 96 — Electronic Signatures in Global and National Commerce 15 U.S.C. ch. 97 —Women's Business Enterprise Development 15 U.S.C. ch. 98 — Public Company Accounting Reform and Corporate Responsibility , also known as
528-9339: Is the Robinson Patman Act 15 U.S.C. ch. 2 — Federal Trade Commission ; Promotion Of Export Trade And Prevention Of Unfair Methods uk Competition 15 U.S.C. ch. 2A — Securities Act , Trust Indentures Act 15 U.S.C. ch. 2B — Securities Exchanges 15 U.S.C. ch. 2B-1 — Securities Investor Protection 15 U.S.C. ch. 2C — Public Utility Holding Companies 15 U.S.C. ch. 2D — Investment Company Act , Investment Advisers Act 15 U.S.C. ch. 2E — Omnibus Small Business Capital Formation 15 U.S.C. ch. 3 —Trade-Marks 15 U.S.C. ch. 4 — China Trade 15 U.S.C. ch. 5 —Statistical and Commercial Information 15 U.S.C. ch. 6 —Weights and Measures and Standard Time Subchapter I—Weights, Measures, and Standards Generally Subchapter II— Metric Conversion Subchapter III—Standard Gauge for Iron and Steel Subchapter IV—Screw Threads Subchapter V—Standard of Electricity Subchapter VI—Standard Barrels Subchapter VII—Standard Baskets and Containers Subchapter VIII— Standard Hampers, Round Stave Baskets, and Splint Baskets for Fruits and Vegetables Subchapter IX— Standard Time 15 U.S.C. ch. 7 — National Institute of Standards and Technology 15 U.S.C. ch. 7A —Standard Reference Data Program 15 U.S.C. ch. 8 — Falsely Stamped Gold or Silver or Goods Manufactured Therefrom 15 U.S.C. ch. 9 — National Weather Service 15 U.S.C. ch. 9A — Weather Modification Activities Or Attempts; Reporting Requirement 15 U.S.C. ch. 10 — War Finance Corporation 15 U.S.C. ch. 10A — Collection of State Cigarette Taxes 15 U.S.C. ch. 10B —State Taxation of Income from Interstate Commerce 15 U.S.C. ch. 11 — Caustic Poisons (repealed) 15 U.S.C. ch. 12 —Discrimination Against Farmers Cooperative Associations by Boards Of Trade 15 U.S.C. ch. 13 — Textile Foundation 15 U.S.C. ch. 13A — Fishing Industry 15 U.S.C. ch. 14 — Reconstruction Finance Corporation 15 U.S.C. ch. 14A — Aid to Small Business 15 U.S.C. ch. 14B — Small Business Investment Program 15 U.S.C. ch. 15 —Economic Recovery 15 U.S.C. ch. 15A —Interstate Transportation Of Petroleum Products 15 U.S.C. ch. 15B — Natural Gas 15 U.S.C. ch. 15C — Alaska Natural Gas Transportation 15 U.S.C. ch. 16 — Emergency Relief 15 U.S.C. ch. 16A — Emergency Petroleum Allocation 15 U.S.C. ch. 16B — Federal Energy Administration 15 U.S.C. ch. 16C - Energy Supply and Environmental Coordination 15 U.S.C. ch. 17 - Production, Marketing, and Use of Bituminous Coal 15 U.S.C. ch. 18 - Transportation of Firearms 15 U.S.C. ch. 19 - Miscellaneous 15 U.S.C. ch. 20 - Regulation of Insurance, McCarran–Ferguson Act 15 U.S.C. ch. 21 - National Policy on Employment and Productivity 15 U.S.C. ch. 22 - Trademarks ( Lanham Act ) 15 U.S.C. ch. 23 - Dissemination of Technical, Scientific and Engineering Information 15 U.S.C. ch. 24 - Transportation of Gambling Devices 15 U.S.C. ch. 25 - Flammable Fabrics 15 U.S.C. ch. 26 - Household Refrigerators 15 U.S.C. ch. 27 - Automobile Dealer Suits Against Manufacturers 15 U.S.C. ch. 28 - Disclosure of Automobile Information 15 U.S.C. ch. 29 - Manufacture, Transportation, or Distribution of Switchblade Knives 15 U.S.C. ch. 30 - Hazardous Substances 15 U.S.C. ch. 31 - Destruction of Property Moving in Commerce 15 U.S.C. ch. 32 - Telecasting of Professional Sports Contests 15 U.S.C. ch. 33 - Brake Fluid Regulation 15 U.S.C. ch. 34 - Antitrust Civil Process 15 U.S.C. ch. 35 - Seat Belt Regulation 15 U.S.C. ch. 36 - Cigarette Labeling and Advertising 15 U.S.C. ch. 37 - State Technical Services 15 U.S.C. ch. 38 - Traffic and Motor Vehicle Safety 15 U.S.C. ch. 39 - Fair Packaging and Labeling Program 15 U.S.C. ch. 39A - Special Packaging of Household Substances for Protection of Children 15 U.S.C. ch. 40 - Department of Commerce 15 U.S.C. ch. 41 - Consumer Credit Protection Subchapter I — Consumer Credit Cost Disclosure Subchapter II — Restrictions on Garnishment Subchapter IIA — Credit Repair Organizations Subchapter III — Fair Credit Reporting Act Subchapter IV — Equal Credit Opportunity Subchapter V — Debt Collection Practices Subchapter VI — Electronic Funds Transfer 15 U.S.C. ch. 42 — Interstate Land Sales 15 U.S.C. ch. 43 — Newspaper Preservation 15 U.S.C. ch. 44 — Protection of Horses 15 U.S.C. ch. 45 —Emergency Loan Guarantees to Business Enterprises 15 U.S.C. ch. 45A — Chrysler Corporation Loan Guarantee 15 U.S.C. ch. 46 —Motor Vehicle Information and Cost Savings Subchapter I: Bumper Standards Subchapter II: Automobile Consumer Information Study Subchapter III: Diagnostic Inspection Demonstration Projects Subchapter IV: Odometer Requirements Subchapter V: Improving Automotive Efficiency Subchapter VI: Theft Prevention 15 U.S.C. ch. 46A —Automobile Title Fraud 15 U.S.C. ch. 47 — Consumer Product Safety 15 U.S.C. ch. 48 — Hobby Protection 15 U.S.C. ch. 49 — Fire Prevention and Control 15 U.S.C. ch. 50 — Consumer Product Warranties 15 U.S.C. ch. 51 — National Productivity and Quality of Working Life 15 U.S.C. ch. 52 — Electric and Hybrid Vehicle Research, Development, and Demonstration 15 U.S.C. ch. 53 — Toxic Substances Control Subchapter I—Control of Toxic Substances Subchapter II— Asbestos Hazard Emergency Response Subchapter III— Indoor Radon Abatement Subchapter IV— Lead Exposure Reduction Subchapter V— Healthy High Performance Schools 15 U.S.C. ch. 54 — Automotive Propulsion Research and Development 15 U.S.C. ch. 55 — Petroleum Marketing Practices 15 U.S.C. ch. 56 — National Climate Program 15 U.S.C. ch. 56A — Global Change Research 15 U.S.C. ch. 57 — Interstate Horseracing 15 U.S.C. ch. 58 — Full Employment and Balanced Growth 15 U.S.C. ch. 59 —Retail Policies for Natural Gas Utilities 15 U.S.C. ch. 60 — Natural Gas Policy 15 U.S.C. ch. 61 — Soft Drink Interbrand Competition 15 U.S.C. ch. 62 —Condominium and Cooperative Conversion Protection and Abuse Relief 15 U.S.C. ch. 63 — Technology Innovation 15 U.S.C. ch. 64 — Methane Transportation Research, Development, and Demonstration 15 U.S.C. ch. 65 — Liability Risk Retention 15 U.S.C. ch. 66 —Promotion of Export Trade 15 U.S.C. ch. 67 — Arctic Research and Policy 15 U.S.C. ch. 68 — Land Remote-Sensing Commercialization 15 U.S.C. ch. 69 — Cooperative Research 15 U.S.C. ch. 70 — Comprehensive Smokeless Tobacco Health Education 15 U.S.C. ch. 71 — Petroleum Overcharge Distribution and Restitution 15 U.S.C. ch. 72 — Semiconductor Research 15 U.S.C. ch. 73 — Export Enhancement 15 U.S.C. ch. 74 — Competitiveness Policy Council 15 U.S.C. ch. 75 — National Trade Data Bank 15 U.S.C. ch. 76 — Imitation Firearms 15 U.S.C. ch. 77 — Steel and Aluminum Energy Conservation and Technology Competitiveness 15 U.S.C. ch. 78 — Superconductivity and Competitiveness 15 U.S.C. ch. 79 — Metal Casting Competitiveness Research Program 15 U.S.C. ch. 80 — Fasteners 15 U.S.C. ch. 81 — High-Performance Computing 15 U.S.C. ch. 82 — Land Remote Sensing Policy 15 U.S.C. ch. 83 — Telephone Disclosure and Dispute Resolution 15 U.S.C. ch. 84 — Commercial Space Competitiveness 15 U.S.C. ch. 85 — Armored Car Industry Reciprocity 15 U.S.C. ch. 86 — Children's Bicycle Helmet Safety 15 U.S.C. ch. 87 — Telemarketing and Consumer Fraud and Abuse Prevention 15 U.S.C. ch. 88 — International Antitrust Enforcement Assistance 15 U.S.C. ch. 89 — Professional Boxing Safety 15 U.S.C. ch. 90 — Propane Education and Research 15 U.S.C. ch. 91 — Children's Online Privacy Protection 15 U.S.C. ch. 92 — Year 2000 Computer Date Change 15 U.S.C. ch. 93 —Insurance, Title III of Gramm–Leach–Bliley Act 15 U.S.C. ch. 94 —Privacy 15 U.S.C. ch. 95 —Microenterprise Technical Assistance and Capacity Building Program 15 U.S.C. ch. 96 — Electronic Signatures in Global and National Commerce 15 U.S.C. ch. 97 —Women's Business Enterprise Development 15 U.S.C. ch. 98 — Public Company Accounting Reform and Corporate Responsibility , also known as
SECTION 10
#1732868687292576-485: Is the practice of applying irritants or blistering agents to the front feet or forelegs of a horse, making it pick its feet up higher in an exaggerated manner that creates the movement or "action" desired in the show ring . Soring is an act of animal cruelty that gives practitioners an unfair advantage over other competitors. The Horse Protection Act of 1970 is enforced by the Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS),
624-420: The pasterns of horses, and if attached so that they move, they can rub or irritate sored areas and thus further enhance gaits. Stacks are layers of pads attached to the bottom of the front hooves between the horseshoe and the hoof, which increase the lift of the foot and the impact with the ground by adding height and weight to horses' front feet. The final change would be to increase penalties for violations of
672-1893: The "Sarbanes–Oxley Act" 15 U.S.C. ch. 99 — National Construction Safety Team 15 U.S.C. ch. 100 — Cyber Security Research and Development 15 U.S.C. ch. 101 — Nanotechnology Research and Development 15 U.S.C. ch. 102 — Fairness to Contact Lens Consumers 15 U.S.C. ch. 103 — Controlling the Assault of Non-Solicited Pornography and Marketing 15 U.S.C. ch. 104 —Sports Agent Responsibility and Trust 15 U.S.C. ch. 105 —Protection of Lawful Commerce in Arms 15 U.S.C. ch. 106 —Pool and Spa Safety 15 U.S.C. ch. 107 —Protection of Intellectual Property Rights 15 U.S.C. ch. 108 —State-Based Insurance Reform 15 U.S.C. ch. 109 —Wall Street Transparency and Accountability 15 U.S.C. ch. 110 —Online Shopper Protection 15 U.S.C. ch. 111 —Weather Research and Forecasting Innovation 15 U.S.C. ch. 112 —Sports Medicine Licensure 15 U.S.C. ch. 113 —Concrete Masonry Products Research, Education, and Promotion 15 U.S.C. ch. 114 —National Quantum Initiative 15 U.S.C. ch. 115 —Perfluoroalkyl and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances and Emerging Contaminants 15 U.S.C. ch. 116 —Coronavirus Economic Stabilization (CARES ACT) 15 U.S.C. ch. 117 —Identifying Outputs of Generative Adversarial Networks 15 U.S.C. ch. 118 —Sustainable Chemistry 15 U.S.C. ch. 119 —National Artificial Intelligence Initiative 15 U.S.C. ch. 120 —Minority Business Development 15 U.S.C. ch. 121 —Flood Level Observation, Operations, and Decision Support 15 U.S.C. ch. 122 —Travel and Tourism References [ edit ] ^ "United States Code" . Office of
720-1796: The "Sarbanes–Oxley Act" 15 U.S.C. ch. 99 — National Construction Safety Team 15 U.S.C. ch. 100 — Cyber Security Research and Development 15 U.S.C. ch. 101 — Nanotechnology Research and Development 15 U.S.C. ch. 102 — Fairness to Contact Lens Consumers 15 U.S.C. ch. 103 — Controlling the Assault of Non-Solicited Pornography and Marketing 15 U.S.C. ch. 104 —Sports Agent Responsibility and Trust 15 U.S.C. ch. 105 —Protection of Lawful Commerce in Arms 15 U.S.C. ch. 106 —Pool and Spa Safety 15 U.S.C. ch. 107 —Protection of Intellectual Property Rights 15 U.S.C. ch. 108 —State-Based Insurance Reform 15 U.S.C. ch. 109 —Wall Street Transparency and Accountability 15 U.S.C. ch. 110 —Online Shopper Protection 15 U.S.C. ch. 111 —Weather Research and Forecasting Innovation 15 U.S.C. ch. 112 —Sports Medicine Licensure 15 U.S.C. ch. 113 —Concrete Masonry Products Research, Education, and Promotion 15 U.S.C. ch. 114 —National Quantum Initiative 15 U.S.C. ch. 115 —Perfluoroalkyl and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances and Emerging Contaminants 15 U.S.C. ch. 116 —Coronavirus Economic Stabilization (CARES ACT) 15 U.S.C. ch. 117 —Identifying Outputs of Generative Adversarial Networks 15 U.S.C. ch. 118 —Sustainable Chemistry 15 U.S.C. ch. 119 —National Artificial Intelligence Initiative 15 U.S.C. ch. 120 —Minority Business Development 15 U.S.C. ch. 121 —Flood Level Observation, Operations, and Decision Support 15 U.S.C. ch. 122 —Travel and Tourism References [ edit ] ^ "United States Code" . Office of
768-837: The AAEP, the American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA) and the Humane Society of the United States (HSUS). Title 15 of the United States Code From Misplaced Pages, the 💕 U.S. federal statutes on commerce and trade This article is part of a series on the United States Code [REDACTED] United States Code Title 1 - General Provisions Title 2 - The Congress Title 3 - The President Title 4 - Flag and Seal, Seat of Government, and
816-572: The Horse Protection Act between 1986 and 2010. This list was developed as part of the USDA Horse Protection Operating Plan for 2007–2009, and supported by most of the USDA-certified HIOs. Despite the work being done to dissuade trainers from soring horses, APHIS inspectors found hundreds of violations in the course of their work during the 2012 year. Since the 1976 amendment, there have been several other proposed changes to
864-448: The Horse Protection Act covers all breeds. Soring is defined by the HPA with four meanings: (3)(A) an irritating or blistering agent has been applied, internally or externally, by a person to any limb of a horse, (B) any burn, cut, or laceration has been inflicted by a person on any limb of a horse, (C) any tack, nail, screw, or chemical agent has been injected by a person into or used by
912-509: The House of Representatives in 2006, but died in the Senate. In September 2012, U.S. Representatives Ed Whitfield , a Republican from Kentucky, and Steve Cohen , a Democrat from Tennessee, proposed HR 6388, titled the "Horse Protection Act Amendments of 2012". That bill died in committee. A similar bill, HR 1518, titled the "Prevent All Soring Tactics Act" was introduced on April 11, 2013. If passed,
960-486: The Law Revision Counsel . Retrieved November 24, 2015 . External links [ edit ] U.S. Code Title 15 , via United States Government Printing Office U.S. Code Title 15 , via Cornell University v t e United States Code 1: General Provisions 2: The Congress 3: The President 4: Flag and Seal, Seat of Government, and
1008-423: The Law Revision Counsel . Retrieved November 24, 2015 . External links [ edit ] U.S. Code Title 15 , via United States Government Printing Office U.S. Code Title 15 , via Cornell University v t e United States Code 1: General Provisions 2: The Congress 3: The President 4: Flag and Seal, Seat of Government, and
SECTION 20
#17328686872921056-1043: The States 5: Government Organization and Employees 6: Domestic Security (formerly titled Surety Bonds) 7: Agriculture 8: Aliens and Nationality 9: Arbitration 10: Armed Forces 11: Bankruptcy 12: Banks and Banking 13: Census 14: Coast Guard 15: Commerce and Trade 16: Conservation 17: Copyrights 18: Crimes and Criminal Procedure 19: Customs Duties 20: Education 21: Food and Drugs 22: Foreign Relations and Intercourse 23: Highways 24: Hospitals and Asylums 25: Indians 26: Internal Revenue Code 27: Intoxicating Liquors 28: Judiciary and Judicial Procedure 29: Labor 30: Mineral Lands and Mining 31: Money and Finance 32: National Guard 33: Navigable Waters 34: Crime Control and Law Enforcement (formerly titled Navy) 35: Patents 36: Patriotic and National Observances, Ceremonies, and Organizations 37: Pay and Allowances of
1104-994: The States 5: Government Organization and Employees 6: Domestic Security (formerly titled Surety Bonds) 7: Agriculture 8: Aliens and Nationality 9: Arbitration 10: Armed Forces 11: Bankruptcy 12: Banks and Banking 13: Census 14: Coast Guard 15: Commerce and Trade 16: Conservation 17: Copyrights 18: Crimes and Criminal Procedure 19: Customs Duties 20: Education 21: Food and Drugs 22: Foreign Relations and Intercourse 23: Highways 24: Hospitals and Asylums 25: Indians 26: Internal Revenue Code 27: Intoxicating Liquors 28: Judiciary and Judicial Procedure 29: Labor 30: Mineral Lands and Mining 31: Money and Finance 32: National Guard 33: Navigable Waters 34: Crime Control and Law Enforcement (formerly titled Navy) 35: Patents 36: Patriotic and National Observances, Ceremonies, and Organizations 37: Pay and Allowances of
1152-1244: The States Title 5 - Government Organization and Employees Title 6 - Domestic Security Title 7 - Agriculture Title 8 - Aliens and Nationality Title 9 - Arbitration Title 10 - Armed Forces Title 11 - Bankruptcy Title 12 - Banks and Banking Title 13 - Census Title 14 - Coast Guard Title 15 - Commerce and Trade Title 16 - Conservation Title 17 - Copyrights Title 18 - Crimes and Criminal Procedure Title 19 - Customs Duties Title 20 - Education Title 21 - Food and Drugs Title 22 - Foreign Relations and Intercourse Title 23 - Highways Title 24 - Hospitals and Asylums Title 25 - Indians Title 26 - Internal Revenue Code Title 27 - Intoxicating Liquors Title 28 - Judiciary and Judicial Procedure Title 29 - Labor Title 30 - Mineral Lands and Mining Title 31 - Money and Finance Title 32 - National Guard Title 33 - Navigation and Navigable Waters Title 34 - Crime Control and Law Enforcement Title 35 - Patents Title 36 - Patriotic Societies and Observances Title 37 - Pay and Allowances of
1200-1189: The States Title 5 - Government Organization and Employees Title 6 - Domestic Security Title 7 - Agriculture Title 8 - Aliens and Nationality Title 9 - Arbitration Title 10 - Armed Forces Title 11 - Bankruptcy Title 12 - Banks and Banking Title 13 - Census Title 14 - Coast Guard Title 15 - Commerce and Trade Title 16 - Conservation Title 17 - Copyrights Title 18 - Crimes and Criminal Procedure Title 19 - Customs Duties Title 20 - Education Title 21 - Food and Drugs Title 22 - Foreign Relations and Intercourse Title 23 - Highways Title 24 - Hospitals and Asylums Title 25 - Indians Title 26 - Internal Revenue Code Title 27 - Intoxicating Liquors Title 28 - Judiciary and Judicial Procedure Title 29 - Labor Title 30 - Mineral Lands and Mining Title 31 - Money and Finance Title 32 - National Guard Title 33 - Navigation and Navigable Waters Title 34 - Crime Control and Law Enforcement Title 35 - Patents Title 36 - Patriotic Societies and Observances Title 37 - Pay and Allowances of
1248-799: The Uniformed Services 38: Veterans' Benefits 39: Postal Service 40: Public Buildings, Properties, and Public Works 41: Public Contracts 42: The Public Health and Welfare 43: Public Lands 44: Public Printing and Documents 45: Railroads 46: Shipping 47: Telecommunications 48: Territories and Insular Possessions 49: Transportation 50: War and National Defense 51: National and Commercial Space Programs 52: Voting and Elections 54: National Parks Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Title_15_of_the_United_States_Code&oldid=1165916141 " Categories : United States federal commerce legislation Titles of
1296-738: The Uniformed Services 38: Veterans' Benefits 39: Postal Service 40: Public Buildings, Properties, and Public Works 41: Public Contracts 42: The Public Health and Welfare 43: Public Lands 44: Public Printing and Documents 45: Railroads 46: Shipping 47: Telecommunications 48: Territories and Insular Possessions 49: Transportation 50: War and National Defense 51: National and Commercial Space Programs 52: Voting and Elections 54: National Parks Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Title_15_of_the_United_States_Code&oldid=1165916141 " Categories : United States federal commerce legislation Titles of
1344-888: The Uniformed Services Title 38 - Veterans' Benefits Title 39 - Postal Service Title 40 - Public Buildings, Properties, and Works Title 41 - Public Contracts Title 42 - The Public Health and Welfare Title 43 - Public Lands Title 44 - Public Printing and Documents Title 45 - Railroads Title 46 - Shipping Title 47 - Telecommunications Title 48 - Territories and Insular Possessions Title 49 - Transportation Title 50 - War and National Defense Title 51 - National and Commercial Space Programs Title 52 - Voting and Elections Title 53 - [Reserved] Title 54 - National Park Service and Related Programs [REDACTED] United States portal v t e Title 15 of
1392-821: The Uniformed Services Title 38 - Veterans' Benefits Title 39 - Postal Service Title 40 - Public Buildings, Properties, and Works Title 41 - Public Contracts Title 42 - The Public Health and Welfare Title 43 - Public Lands Title 44 - Public Printing and Documents Title 45 - Railroads Title 46 - Shipping Title 47 - Telecommunications Title 48 - Territories and Insular Possessions Title 49 - Transportation Title 50 - War and National Defense Title 51 - National and Commercial Space Programs Title 52 - Voting and Elections Title 53 - [Reserved] Title 54 - National Park Service and Related Programs [REDACTED] United States portal v t e Title 15 of
1440-610: The United States Code Hidden categories: Articles with short description Short description is different from Wikidata Title 15 of the United States Code U.S. federal statutes on commerce and trade This article is part of a series on the United States Code [REDACTED] United States Code Title 1 - General Provisions Title 2 - The Congress Title 3 - The President Title 4 - Flag and Seal, Seat of Government, and
1488-935: The United States Code outlines the role of commerce and trade in the United States Code . Notable legislation in the title includes the Federal Trade Commission Act , the Clayton Antitrust Act , the Sherman Antitrust Act , the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 , the Consumer Product Safety Act , and the CAN-SPAM Act of 2003 . 15 U.S.C. ch. 1 — Monopolies and Combinations in Restraint of Trade ; 15 U.S. Code § 13a
Horse Protection Act of 1970 - Misplaced Pages Continue
1536-438: The United States Code outlines the role of commerce and trade in the United States Code . Notable legislation in the title includes the Federal Trade Commission Act , the Clayton Antitrust Act , the Sherman Antitrust Act , the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 , the Consumer Product Safety Act , and the CAN-SPAM Act of 2003 . 15 U.S.C. ch. 1 — Monopolies and Combinations in Restraint of Trade ; 15 U.S. Code § 13a
1584-521: The act was proposed in the United States House of Representatives . The amendment would allow only USDA employees to perform inspections, toughen penalties for violations, and outlaw the use of action devices and "stacks", or layers of pads attached to the bottom of the front hooves. Soring began in the 1950s with gaited horse trainers who were looking to improve their chances of winning at horse shows . To do this, they developed methods to enhance
1632-442: The act, all unsuccessful so far. In 2005, HR 503, titled the "Horse Slaughter Prohibition Bill", was introduced by U.S. Representative John E. Sweeney (R-NY). The bill would have made major changes to the focus of the Horse Protection Act, by prohibiting the "shipping, transporting, moving, delivering, receiving, possessing, purchasing, selling, or donation of horses and other equines to be slaughtered for human consumption." It passed
1680-648: The act. The bill was assigned to the House Committee on Energy and Commerce . Both bills have been opposed by some organizations within the Tennessee Walking Horse industry. The President and executive committee of the Tennessee Walking Horse Breeders' and Exhibitors' Association (TWHBEA) voted to support this legislation, but the full board of directors chose not to. The initial bill was supported by several outside organizations, including
1728-535: The authorization of appropriations for expenses related to the enforcement of the provisions of the act. As originally enacted, the Horse Protection Act was to be enforced by Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS), a branch of the USDA. However, a lack of staff and funding meant little success, leading to the 1976 amendment to the act. With this amendment, Congress created a Designated Qualified Person (DQP) program. This program allows non-USDA employees from within
1776-437: The bill, nearly identical to HR 6388, would amend the Horse Protection Act of 1970 to increase fines to $ 5,000, increase prison time to three years, and increase other penalties. It would also mandate the USDA to assign a licensed inspector if a show management indicates its intent to hire one, currently a voluntary practice. The bill would prohibit the use of "action devices" and "stacks". Action devices are weights attached around
1824-502: The desired high action gaits to levels greater than that produced by traditional training methods. Thus began the use of irritants, including chemicals and physical objects, or abusive shoeing and hoof-trimming practices on the front legs. Attempting to relieve the pain in its legs, a sored horse lifts its front feet off the ground more quickly, creating a flashier gait. By the 1960s, soring had gained popularity, as horses so treated gained an edge in competition. However, public opposition to
1872-456: The equine community to take training and certification programs run by Horse Industry Organizations (HIOs) and supervised by the USDA; after completing the training, they may complete inspections for violations of the HPA at public events. The USDA is then able to double check the work of DQP participants by making random inspections at a small number of shows. One member of the Tennessee Walking Horse world states that this creates "the potential for
1920-462: The horse for lameness , assessing its stance and palpating the lower legs. Some trainers evaded detection from inspectors by training horses not to react to the pain that palpation may cause, often by severely punishing the horse for flinching after the sored area is touched. The practice is called "stewarding", in reference to the horse show steward . Others use topical anesthetics, such as lidocaine and benzocaine , which are timed to wear off before
1968-473: The horse goes into the show ring. Use of chemicals can be completely avoided if pressure shoeing is also used. This process involves placing some type of hard foreign object (such as a small piece of wood, stone, hard acrylic, or sharp object such as a tack or nail) against the sole of the horse's foot before applying the horseshoe and pads. It can also be done by trimming down the horse's hoof to its sensitive structures, then shoeing. Either method causes pain when
Horse Protection Act of 1970 - Misplaced Pages Continue
2016-446: The horse places its foot on the ground. There have been a number of challenges to the Horse Protection Act on the grounds of constitutionality, mainly regarding due process and equal protection , none of which were successful. Courts have also ruled on other issues with regard to the act, including whether knowledge of soring or intent to sore is required in order to prove a violation of the act, and courts have repeatedly held that it
2064-431: The inspectors to see their horses. In June 2012, the USDA published a new rule requiring violations found by HIOs to have penalties assessed at a rate equal to or exceeding those given by APHIS inspectors. Previously, HIOs were allowed to set their own penalty rates, resulting in some organizations acting leniently towards violators of the HPA. For the first decades following passage of the act, foreign substances applied to
2112-533: The law caps at $ 500,000 annually. The federal Office of Inspector General found in 2010 that the self-enforcement system of HIOs and DQPs was inadequate for eliminating the practice of soring. This led to the June 2012 strengthening of penalty systems. In 2010, the Friends of Sound Horses launched a website containing the names of the over 8,700 people who had received suspensions from the horse showing and training world under
2160-475: The legs, including chemicals, were detected by feel, sight or smell. Since 2006, the USDA has used gas chromatography / mass spectrometry to identify chemicals found on horses' legs at events. Samples of suspicious substances are swabbed at the show, and sent to a laboratory for analysis; owners and trainers are later informed of the results. However, this method is only used by APHIS veterinary medical officers at present. Soring can be also detected by observing
2208-402: The most significant welfare issues affecting any equine breed or discipline" after releasing a white paper on the subject in 2008. The organization pointed out that despite over three decades of work, the HPA law had failed to prevent sored horses from being trained, shown, and sold. The AAEP blamed this failure on what they called the "woefully inadequate" level of funding for enforcement, which
2256-498: The practice also grew, and in 1966, the American Horse Protection Association was created in part to address the issue of soring. In 1969, Senator Joseph Tydings sponsored legislation to prohibit soring, leading to the passing of the Horse Protection Act in 1970, amended in 1976. While Tennessee Walking Horses , Racking Horses and other "high-stepping breeds" are generally targeted by these abusive practices,
2304-511: The required notice of violations to the Attorney General of the United States . The utilization of USDA and state government staff is covered in §1827, as is non-financial assistance to states. Rules and regulations pertaining to the act's statutes are covered in §1828. §1829 covers federal preemption of state laws, concurrent jurisdiction , and prohibitions on certain state actions. §1830 is currently reserved for future use, and §1831 details
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