The term township , in Canada , is generally the district or area associated with a town. The specific use of the term to describe political subdivisions has varied by country, usually to describe a local rural or semirural government within the country itself.
41-552: Hornepayne is a township of 980 people ( Canada 2016 Census ) in the Algoma District of Ontario , Canada. The town was established in 1915 as Fitzback when the Canadian Northern Railway 's transcontinental line was built through the area. It was renamed Hornepayne in 1920 after British financier Robert Horne-Payne. The municipality was originally named Wicksteed Township after the geographic township in which it
82-407: A butcher shop , a dress shop, a pharmacy, a Hudson's Bay Company store, two barbershops, a town hall, two restaurants, a bowling alley, two pool halls, and two hotels, one of which was owned by CN and one of which was independent. The town lacked in fresh fruit and vegetables early on, which were imported by rail from Port Arthur . Later, two farms, one of which was a dairy farm, were established in
123-769: A divisional point on the railway, marks the point that two rail subdivisions join with each other: the CN Caramat Subdivision to the west (ending at Nakina ) and the CN Ruel Subdivision . The town is also home to the Hornepayne Municipal Airport . Township (Canada) In Eastern Canada , a township is one form of the subdivision of a county . In Quebec, the term is canton in French. The historic colony of Nova Scotia (present-day Nova Scotia, New Brunswick , and Prince Edward Island ) used
164-490: A divisional point, sat at the joining place between the CN Oba Subdivision (east to Foleyet ) and the CN Caramat Subdivision (west to Nakina ). Hornepayne initially had few permanent structures aside from the railway station, but was inhabited mostly by railway workers, who were young and well-paid for the era. A one-room schoolhouse was constructed in 1921 at the corner of First and Front streets, partially replacing
205-540: A lower-tier municipality (if located in a county or regional municipality , i.e. in Southern Ontario ) or single-tier municipality (if located in a district, i.e. in Northern Ontario ). A township municipality may consist of a portion of one or more geographic townships united as a single entity with a single municipal administration. Often rural counties are subdivided into townships. In some places, usually if
246-596: A new settlement on Shekak Lake, which was closer to the rail line. By the 1940s, many of them had moved to Hornepayne to work in the railway and timber industries based in the town. A number of their descendants are members of the Hornepayne First Nation , a member organization of the Nishnawbe Aski Nation . Hornepayne differs from a number of older Northern Ontario settlements due to its distance from major waterways, making it relatively inaccessible before
287-837: A political unit called a rural municipality in general is 3 townships by 3 townships in size, or 18 miles squared, about 324 square miles (840 km ). Three municipalities in British Columbia , Langley , Esquimalt and Spallumcheen , have "township" in their official names but legally hold the status of district municipalities . Butcher shop A butcher is a person who may slaughter animals , dress their flesh, sell their meat, or participate within any combination of these three tasks. They may prepare standard cuts of meat and poultry for sale in retail or wholesale food establishments. A butcher may be employed by supermarkets , grocery stores , butcher shops and fish markets , slaughter houses , or may be self-employed . Butchery
328-481: A population density of 4.8/km (12.3/sq mi) in 2021. Mother tongue (2021): Hornepayne serves as a railway divisional point on the main Canadian National Railway line. The forestry industry (by way of Haavaldsrud's Timber Company) is the major employer to the local economy. Hunting- and fishing-related tourism in the area (particularly just north of the town in nearby Nagagami Lake Provincial Park)
369-579: A regional centre. A series of devastating fires in 1929–31, however, destroyed many of the town's commercial buildings, as well as the CNR shops. Rail traffic slowed during the Great Depression , and the town struggled, with some residents finding employment on highway construction under government public works funding. This difficult and slow work culminated in the opening of the northern section of Highway 631 in 1959, linking Hornepayne with Highway 11 . In 1973,
410-616: A unique subarctic microclimate ( Dfc ) due to its elevation of 336 meters (1,101 feet) and location in Northern Ontario . Winters are long, snowy, and very cold for Ontario. Summers are generally warm with cool nights. Winter usually begins around Halloween, lasting through March and into April, though wintry days can sometimes be experienced even later in the season. Snowfall is abundant, starting to fall usually sometime in October and keeps falling into April, with snowfalls in May not uncommon. Hornepayne
451-627: A wider variety of animal types, meat cuts and quality of cuts. Additionally, butcher shops may focus on a particular culture , or nationality , of meat production. Some butcher shops, termed "meat delis", may also include a delicatessen . In the United States and Canada, butcher shops have become less common because of the increasing popularity of supermarkets and warehouse clubs. Many remaining ones are aimed at Hispanic and other immigrants or, more recently, those looking for organic offerings. Supermarkets employ butchers for secondary butchery, but in
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#1732909930132492-525: Is fatback , which in Europe is an important primal cut of pork , but in North America is regarded as trimmings to be used in sausage or rendered into lard . The primal cuts may be sold complete or cut further. In various periods and cultures, the term "butcher" has been applied to people who act cruelly to other human beings or slaughter them. For example, Pompey , a prominent Roman general and politician of
533-535: Is an ancient trade, whose duties may date back to the domestication of livestock ; its practitioners formed guilds in England as far back as 1272. Since the 20th century, many countries and local jurisdictions offer trade certifications for butchers in order to ensure quality, safety, and health standards but not all butchers have formal certification or training. Trade qualification in English-speaking countries
574-480: Is located. It was renamed Hornepayne, after its primary community, in 1986. First Nations people have lived in the area for centuries, as indicated by archaeological evidence such as potsherd fragments. These are concentrated in the areas around Lake Nagagamisis , which is 30 kilometres (19 mi) to the north of Hornepayne, as well as the Shekak River to the west, rather than near Hornepayne itself, which before
615-405: Is often earned through an apprenticeship although some training organisations also certify their students. In Canada, once a butcher is trade qualified, they can learn to become a master butcher (Fleishmaster). Standards and practices of butchery differ between countries, regions and ethnic groups. Variation with respect to the types of animals that are butchered as well as the cuts and parts of
656-466: Is one of the driest communities in Ontario, receiving only 656.4 mm (25.84 inches) of precipitation falling on only 105.5 days. In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada , Hornepayne had a population of 968 living in 439 of its 515 total private dwellings, a change of -1.2% from its 2016 population of 980 . With a land area of 203.04 km (78.39 sq mi), it had
697-420: Is served by several small companies. The township of Hornepayne has been the proposed site of a low level nuclear waste storage facility for some time. The town's community liaison group chose to withdraw from this development in the early 1990s, but as of May 2010 the township is still being considered for nuclear waste management/storage. Highway 631 runs through Hornepayne and connects it to Highway 11 in
738-631: The Prairie Provinces and parts of British Columbia , a township is a division of the Dominion Land Survey . Townships are (mostly) 6-by-6-mile (9.7 by 9.7 km) squares, about 36 square miles (93 km ) in area. The townships are not political units (although political boundaries often follow township boundaries) but exist only to define parcels of land relatively simply. Townships are divided into 36 equal 1-by-1-mile (1.6 by 1.6 km) square parcels, known as "sections." In Saskatchewan ,
779-411: The carotid or brachial arteries to facilitate blood removal), skinning (removing the hide or pelt) or scalding and dehairing (pork), evisceration (removing the viscera ) and splitting (dividing the carcass in half longitudinally ). After the carcasses are chilled (unless "hot-boned"), primary butchery consists of selecting carcasses, sides, or quarters from which primal cuts can be produced with
820-685: The 20th century. The Canadian Northern built its line through the area in 1915 and established a divisional point on the line called Fitzback . In 1919, the Canadian Northern was amalgamated into the Canadian National system. A year later, in 1920, the point was renamed Hornepayne, after the railway financier Robert Montgomery Horne-Payne . In the steam era, the railway system was labour-intensive and required many workers for maintenance of way , crew changes, and to resupply trains with coal and water at fixed intervals. This circumstance fostered
861-680: The British Conquest, primarily as a surveying unit. They were designated and cover most of the unattributed territory in Eastern Quebec and what is now known as the Eastern Townships and later used in surveying the Outaouais and Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean regions. Townships often served as the territorial basis for new municipalities, but township municipalities are no different from other types such as parish or village municipalities. In
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#1732909930132902-509: The United States even that role is diminished with the advent of "case-ready" meat, where the product is packaged for retail sale at the packinghouse or specialized central processing plants. A primal cut is a piece of meat initially separated from the carcass during butchering. Different countries and cultures make these cuts in different ways, and primal cuts also differ between type of carcass. The British, American and French primal cuts all differ in some respects. One notable example with pork
943-558: The advent of rail transportation in the north. The townsite was originally surveyed in 1877, when possible routes for the Canadian Pacific Railway transcontinental mainline were being explored. Instead of Canadian Pacific, however, Hornepayne would become associated with the Canadian Northern Railway (CNoR), one of several railways which were later amalgamated into the Canadian National Railways (CN) system during
984-419: The animal that are sold depends on the types of foods that are prepared by the butcher's customers. Butchery is a traditional line of work. In the industrialized world, slaughterhouses use butchers to slaughter the animals, performing one or a few of the steps repeatedly as specialists on a semi-automated disassembly line. The steps include stunning (rendering the animal incapacitated), exsanguination (severing
1025-471: The area to feed the town. By the 1930s, one farm had around four hundred chickens. Due to its remote location, household electricity was slow to arrive in Hornepayne. Diesel-generated power was available from CN for most of the town starting in the 1930s, but the town would only be connected with the Ontario electrical grid in 1962. The town was incorporated in 1927–28 by local petition, and was poised to become
1066-494: The area, part of the glacial wash. A typical volcanic core is to be found about five miles north. The highway runs through it. Samples of volcanics, such as garnets, serpentine, and rhyolite, can be found. Most of the Pre-Cambrian is covered by a thin layer of organic soil and clay. Hornepayne is approximately eight miles north of the height of land. Drainage is poor in the area, which has many muskeg swamps. Hornepayne experiences
1107-503: The arrival of the railway was largely remote and uninhabited. In the 19th century, they became involved in the fur trade and the mercantile activities of the Hudson's Bay Company . By the early 1900s, they consisted of three Cree families living at Lake Nagagamisis, along with a number of Ojibwe who were possibly originally from Heron Bay. With the opening of the railway, they abandoned their existing trading post on Lake Nagagamisis in 1926 for
1148-631: The first century BC, got the Latin nickname adulescentulus carnifex , translated as "The Teenage Butcher" or "The Butcher Boy", due to brutal treatment of political opponents in the early part of his career. More recently, the Bosnian Serb war criminal Ratko Mladić was nicknamed "the Butcher of the Balkans ". The term can also be used in a semi-humorous or metaphorical way to describe someone whose actions resemble
1189-672: The growth of " railway towns ", as railway workers began to create permanent settlements to live in with their families. Sections of track were broken up into subdivisions, which were approximately 200 kilometres (120 mi) long and were separated by divisional points. Divisional points acted as a sort of local "headquarters" for the railways, and were very important for their operations. Additionally, most steam trains needed to be resupplied with coal at least once and water at least three times when passing through each subdivision, requiring railways to maintain even more permanent or semi-permanent settlements to support these operations. Hornepayne, as
1230-400: The highway was extended to the south to connect to Highway 17 at White River . In the 1970s and 1980s, Hornepayne underwent a considerable redevelopment push, spurring the southern highway extension, the opening of the Hornepayne Municipal Airport , and the creation of the mixed use Hallmark Centre "mall", merging together a number of commercial, recreational, and institutional aspects of
1271-483: The minimum of wastage; separating the primal cuts from the carcass; trimming primal cuts and preparing them for secondary butchery or sale; and storing cut meats. Secondary butchery involves boning, trimming and value-adding of primal cuts in preparation for sale. Historically, primary and secondary butchery were performed in the same establishment, but the advent of methods of preservation ( vacuum packing ) and low cost transportation has largely separated them. In parts of
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1312-551: The north and Highway 17 at White River in the south, both of which are part of the Trans-Canada Highway system. Hornepayne is served by the Canadian , Canada's transcontinental passenger rail service, which is operated by Via Rail and stops at Hornepayne station . The rail line through the town is part of the Canadian National Railway and was originally constructed by the Canadian Northern Railway in 1915. Hornepayne,
1353-432: The original historical administrative subdivisions surveyed and established primarily in the 1800s. They are used primarily for geographic purposes, such as land surveying, natural resource exploration and tracking of phenomena such as forest fires or tornados , but are not political entities. Township municipalities, also called "political townships", are areas that have been incorporated with municipal governments, and are
1394-457: The railway coach which was previously used as a school, though senior students were shifted to the old railway station. A new railway station, which was demolished in 2020, was also constructed in 1921. The situation was resolved when town ratepayers authorized $ 30,000 be spent on the construction of a new four-room school in the winter of 1923. Throughout the 1920s, Hornepayne grew, and soon was home to several grocery and general stores, as well as
1435-489: The soil can be found today. The Pre-Cambrian was covered by at least three Ice Ages which, with glaciers miles high, bulldozed the mountains away just as a bulldozer today would level a small hill. The rock and earth were moved as far south as Wisconsin. Evidence of glacial scratches can be found on Tank Hill. The sand hills near Cedar Point are eskers left by the Glaciers. Boulders, small rocks, and clay, are scattered throughout
1476-582: The term township as a subdivision of counties and as a means of attracting settlers to the colony. In Prince Edward Island, the colonial survey of 1764 established 67 townships, known as lots, and 3 royalties, which were grouped into parishes and hence into counties; the townships were geographically and politically the same. In New Brunswick, parishes have taken over as the present-day subdivision of counties, and present-day Nova Scotia uses districts as appropriate. In Ontario , there are both geographic townships and township municipalities. Geographic townships are
1517-449: The town. At various times, it included residences for CN temporary workers (an evolution of the CN bunkhouses which were demolished in the 1950s), a post office, the local high school, a hotel, a library, a swimming pool, a gym, apartments, and a Hudson's Bay Company Northern Store department store. Many existing businesses relocated to the complex, though some remained at their old locations. Over
1558-401: The township is in a county rather than in a regional municipality , the head of a political township may be called a " reeve ", not a mayor. However, the distinction is changing as many rural townships are replacing the title with "mayor" to reduce confusion. A few townships keep both titles and designate "mayor" as the head of the municipal council and use "reeve" to denote the representative to
1599-412: The upper tier (usually county) council. The term "geographic township" is also used in reference to former political townships that were abolished or superseded as part of municipal government restructuring. In Quebec , townships are called cantons in French and can also be political and geographic, similar to Ontario although the geographic use is not used much or at all. They were introduced after
1640-692: The world, it is common for butchers to perform many or all of the butcher's duties. Where refrigeration is less common, these skills are required to sell the meat of slaughtered animals. Butchers sell their goods in specialized stores, commonly termed a butcher shop ( American English ), butchery ( South African English ) or butchers ( British English ). Butchers at a butcher shop may perform primary butchery, but will typically perform secondary butchery to prepare fresh cuts of meat for sale. These shops may also sell related products, such as Charcuterie , hot food (using their own meat products), food preparation supplies, baked goods and grocery items. Butcher shops can have
1681-669: The years, the complex became less and less commercially viable, and closed entirely in 2011. Hornepayne is situated in the Horseshoe of Rock, which forms the Pre-Cambrian area, which surrounds Hudson Bay. It is the oldest rock in the world, containing the famous Keewatin Greenstone. Massive Granite intrusions, of which Tank Hill to is a good example, is the predominant rock in the area. Greenstone can be found six miles north along highway 631 and in numerous bands along Government Lake Road. Volcanoes were numerous, and specimens of their eruptions in