84-688: Hoppstädten is an Ortsgemeinde – a municipality belonging to a Verbandsgemeinde , a kind of collective municipality – in the Kusel district in Rhineland-Palatinate , Germany . It belongs to the Verbandsgemeinde Lauterecken-Wolfstein . The municipality lies in the Western Palatinate in the district's northernmost corner, north of Lauterecken. Hoppstädten lies at an elevation of some 300 m above sea level in
168-525: A Hufe (roughly the same as an oxgang ) of the lordship of Sien to the Disibodenberg Monastery when this was newly occupied by Benedictine monks . The Vögte , who were enfeoffed with the lordship of Sien as early as the 11th century, were the Counts of Loon, who themselves had a close kinship with the Counts of Rieneck. It is known for certain that in 1325, Count Dietrich of Loon and Chiny enfeoffed
252-499: A Vogtei in German, or a Voogdij in Dutch (Latin advocatia ). During earlier periods the jurisdiction could also be called a comitatus , literally a countship, because these offices were similar to those of early medieval counts, and "counties" were not yet necessarily seen as geographically defined. Terminology and customs evolved over time. In German for example, the delegated governor of
336-477: A Vogt could also be known locally as a Vogtland ( terra advocatorum ), a name still used to refer to a region, the Vogtland , that adjoins the principalities of Reuss and adjacent portions of Saxony , Prussia and Bavaria . Imperial advocacies tended to become hereditary. Sometimes the emperor himself assumed the title of Vogt , in application to parts of his eminent domain. An imperial ( Reichsvogt )
420-629: A city could be called a Stadtvogt , while the governor or rural estates could be called a Landvogt . A Burgvogt was a castle administrator or castellan , responsible for the general running of a castle and also for exercising judicial powers there. In addition to governing lands, forts and cities, the term advocatus (or Vogt, Voogd etc.) could be applied to more specific administrative functions delegated by territorial rulers, equivalent to English reeves and bailiffs . However other terms were also sometimes used for these such as Dutch schout , and German Schultheiss . Land administered by
504-399: A court system, to protect law and order. They exercised civil jurisdiction in the domain of the church or monastery and were bound to protect the church with arms in the event of an actual assault. Finally, it was their duty to lead the men-at-arms in the name of the church or monastery, and to command them in time of war. In return for these services, the advocate received certain revenues from
588-526: A document from the Rhingravica II assembly by Schott. Other forms of the name that have cropped up, especially in Veldenz documents, are Hoesteden (1388), Hoestede (1389) and Hobesteden (1392). As early as 1408, the form Hobsteden is witnessed, followed soon afterwards by Hoffsteden (1411) and Hoibsteden (1426). The modern form, Hoppstädten, did not first appear until 1820. For a while, to distinguish
672-682: A few years later, in 1334, Count Ludwig of Loon and Chiny took this fief back and gave it to the Waldgraves and Rhinegraves, thereby making Hoppstädten a Waldgravial-Rhinegravial fief, although the Archbishops of Mainz remained the overlords. Further feudal grants by the Waldgraves and Rhinegraves kept history very varied for both the House of Sien and, in particular, the village of Hoppstädten. The Waldgraves and Rhinegraves gave half their rights to Hoppstädten to
756-733: A former lordly estate. The Wiedenhof in the Breinert Forest within Hoppstädten's limits was mentioned in a document as late as 1515, and likely vanished during the Thirty Years' War . From the Middle Ages , the parish of Hoppstädten was a branch parish of Sien . Nevertheless, a small church arose in Hoppstädten in the early 16th century, which the worshippers consecrated to Saint Judoc ( Jodokus , Jost , Jobst or Josse in German ; in this case,
840-418: A four-room dwelling with kitchen and cellar as well as a commercial building and plots of land for a small farm. For keeping two swine, 120 ℳ was approved. There was a further salary of 913 ℳ. Outside teaching, Ott earned 8 ℳ as an organist, 36 ℳ as a cantor and 62 ℳ as a municipal scrivener. All together, the income was worth 1,276 ℳ. Beginning in 1933, a second teaching post
924-399: A new schoolhouse built, complete with a teacher's dwelling. The old schoolhouse was sold for 150 Rhenish guilders , and was torn down about 1930. Following schoolteacher Ullrich was schoolteacher Ott, whose salary was raised in 1874 from 150 to 250 Thaler . Ott had a family of eleven to support, and he had to teach 100 schoolchildren. In 1893, then schoolteacher Schneider had at his disposal
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#17329234531651008-470: A path from the side of the road that leads to Schweinschied . In the municipality's southeast is a broad sport complex with a football pitch, a tennis court, a shooting range, clubhouses and a grilling hut. The former swimming pool in the municipality's north is now in private ownership. Found in an extensive Celtic grave field in the cadastral area known as the Breinert were remnants of weapons from
1092-426: A rural gmina , whereas heads of urban gminas are called burmistrz (burgomaster), or president . In Danish , the word foged carries different connotations, all pertaining to guarding or keeping watch over something. In modern Danish law , the fogedret ( vogt court) administers the forcible enforcement and execution of judgments or other valid legal claims. The local bailiff ( distrainer )
1176-567: A rural structure to this day. Until a few decades ago, most of the villagers earned their livelihoods in agriculture . Besides farmers, there were also farmhands, forestry workers and a few craftsmen. Farming now employs very few people. A great number of people in Hoppstädten nowadays need to seek work outside the village. A worsening drop in population figures in recent years is to be noted. The following table shows population development since Napoleonic times for Hoppstädten: In 1325, Hoppstädten had its first documentary mention as Hobstetten in
1260-405: A single point in the north. Hoppstädten began as a clump village whose houses and streets were laid out around the church . Expansion in more recent times took place mainly on the through road leading from Sien to Merzweiler and running through the village from north to south. The village thus took on more the shape of a linear village (by some definitions, a “thorpe”). The Perlebach once clove
1344-542: A sovereign canton , or acting on behalf of the Confederacy, or a subset thereof, administering a condominium ( Gemeine Herrschaft ) shared between several cantons. In the case of condominiums, the cantons took turns in appointing a Landvogt for a period of two years. In exceptional cases, the population of the Landvogtei was allowed to elect their own Landvogt . This concerned Oberhasli in particular, which
1428-692: A territorial exchange, Sien found itself in the Principality of Lichtenberg. Hesse-Homburg, too, passed to Prussia in 1866 after the last prince died. What had until this time been an Oberamt now became the Meisenheim district within Prussia's Rhine Province ; at this time, the Bürgermeisterei (“mayoralty”) responsible for Hoppstädten was at Becherbach . In 1939, during the time of the Third Reich , this district
1512-476: Is a low-level administrative unit in the German federal states of Rhineland-Palatinate and Saxony-Anhalt . A Verbandsgemeinde is typically composed of a small group of villages or towns. The state of Rhineland-Palatinate is divided into 163 Verbandsgemeinden , which are municipal associations grouped within the 24 districts of the state and subdivided into 2,257 Ortsgemeinden (singular Ortsgemeinde ) which comprise single settlements. Most of
1596-411: Is made up of 8 council members, who were elected by majority vote at the municipal election held on 7 June 2009, and the honorary mayor as chairman. Hoppstädten's mayor is Günter Denzer, and his deputies are Veit Ahlers and Karola Wenderoth. The municipality's arms might be described thus: Per pale Or five bars gules and Or a lion rampant of the second armed and langued azure, in base an escallop of
1680-609: Is now Germany , the Netherlands , Belgium , Luxembourg , Switzerland , Austria , Slovenia as well as parts of neighbouring regions. In these lands title of advocate (German Vogt , Dutch Voogd ) was given not only to the advocati of churches and abbeys but also, from relatively early in the Middle Ages , to officials appointed by the Holy Roman Emperor to administer lands, castles and towns directly under his lordship. Such offices or jurisdictions were called for example
1764-578: Is the access to Autobahnen , with the Kusel interchange roughly 40 km away, and the ones at Kaiserslautern and Wöllstein even farther away (45 and 50 km respectively). Serving Lauterecken is a railway station on the Lautertalbahn . Distances to important regional centres are as follows: Ortsgemeinde (Germany) A Verbandsgemeinde ( German pronunciation: [fɛɐ̯ˈbantsɡəˌmaɪndə] ; plural Verbandsgemeinden )
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#17329234531651848-598: The Verbandsgemeinden were established in 1969. Formerly the name for an administrative unit was Amt . Most of the functions of municipal government for several municipalities are consolidated and administered centrally from a larger or more central town or municipality among the group, while the individual municipalities (Ortsgemeinden) still maintain a limited degree of local autonomy. The 11 districts of Saxony-Anhalt are divided into Verwaltungsgemeinschaften and, since 1 July 2009 also Verbandsgemeinden . Since
1932-429: The advocatus being chosen, either by the abbot alone, or by the abbot and bishop concurrently with the count . In the post-Carolingian period, it developed into a hereditary office, and was held by powerful nobles, who constantly endeavoured to enlarge their rights in connection with the church or the monastery. Conciliar decrees were passed as early as the ninth century to protect ecclesiastical institutions against
2016-595: The Electors Palatine in 1368, who in turn granted them to the Counts of Veldenz . Hence, cropping up in a 1388 document is a record of a knight, Sir Heinrich Bube von Ulmen ( Nieder-Olm ), having received from the Counts of Veldenz an estate in Hostede . A further estate at Hoppstädten was received in 1389 by Wepeling Giesebrecht von Simmern, likewise from the Counts of Veldenz. Relations between Veldenz and Simmern with regard to
2100-773: The Glan and the Nahe arose the new Principality of Lichtenberg , a newly created exclave of the Duchy of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld , which as of 1826 became the Duchy of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha . As part of this state, it passed in 1834 by sale to the Kingdom of Prussia , which made this area into the Sankt Wendel district. Also arising in this region was the Oberamt of Meisenheim in the Principality of Hesse-Homburg , within which lay Hoppstädten. Meanwhile, through
2184-602: The Hochgericht auf der Heide (“ High Court on the Heath”) and was there tightly bound with the lordship of Sien. This lordship was landed, but rather early on, it ended up under the ownership of the Archbishopric of Mainz whose archbishops gave its care over to Vögte , in this case through Saint Alban's Church in Mainz . Records hold proof that in 1108, Archbishop Ruthard bequeathed
2268-655: The Holy Roman Empire , who was delegated some of the powers and functions of a major feudal lord, or for an institution such as an abbey. They typically had responsibility for the "comital" functions which defined the office of early medieval " counts ", such as taxation, recruitment of militias, and maintaining law and order. This type of office could apply to specific agricultural lands, villages, castles, and even cities. In some regions, advocates came to be governors of large provinces, sometimes distinguished by terms such as Landvogt . In different parts of medieval Europe,
2352-573: The Iron Age . The assumption that these graves once lay within a Celtic ringwall has not been confirmed by archaeological research. An old road that runs across the Breinert is traditionally called the Römerstraße ( Roman road ). Hoppstädten, as its name makes clear, was founded relatively late, although an exact founding date cannot be pinpointed. Hoppstädten originally belonged to the Nahegau , lay within
2436-556: The Old German idea of the Munt , or guardian, but also included some ideas of physical defence and legal representation (whence the connection with advocatus or "advocate"). Under the Carolingians , the duties of the church advocate were enlarged and defined according to the principles of government which prevailed in the reign of Charlemagne ; henceforward the advocatus ecclesiæ in
2520-553: The Straußjugend (“bouquet youth”) keep the old kermis customs. The schoolteacher Adolf Borger compiled extensive works about folklore and customs in Hoppstädten in earlier days, which have been published in the Westricher Heimatblätter . The following clubs are active in Hoppstädten (the dates represent the time of founding): From yore, the villagers earned their livelihoods mainly at farming , and so it remained until
2604-511: The rediscovery of Roman law . The common thread which connects the different meanings of advocate is that someone is called upon to perform a function for others. While the term was eventually used to refer to many types of governorship and advocacy, one of the earliest and most important types of advocatus was the church advocate ( advocatus ecclesiae ). These were originally lay lords , who not only helped defend religious institutions from violence, but were also responsible for exercising
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2688-773: The English terms advocate and advowee , German terms are sometimes mentioned in English accounts of the Holy Roman Empire, and these include Vogt ( German: [foːkt] , from Old High German , also Voigt or Fauth ; plural Vögte ). The territory or area of responsibility of a Vogt is called a Vogtei (from [ad]vocatia ). Related terms include Dutch : (land-) voogd ; Danish : foged ; Norwegian : fogd ; Swedish : fogde ; Polish : wójt ; Finnish : vouti ; Lithuanian : vaitas ; and Romanian : voit . Ecclesiastical advocates were specially bound to represent their lords by managing
2772-781: The German lands on the Rhine ’s left bank were annexed by France . Within the new arrangement of boundaries, Hoppstädten now found itself in the Mairie (“Mayoralty”) of Sien, the Canton of Grumbach, the Arrondissement of Birkenfeld and the Department of Sarre . After French rule ended, the Congress of Vienna drew new boundaries. The bond between Hoppstädten and the old lordly seat of Sien , which had lasted for hundreds of years, now came to an end. Between
2856-525: The January 2010 government reform, there are 18 Verbandsgemeinden in Saxony-Anhalt. Other German states have similar administrative units: This Germany -related article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Vogt An advocatus , sometimes simply advocate , Vogt (German), or avoué (French), was a type of medieval office holder, particularly important in
2940-581: The Lords von der Schmidtburg bei Kirn. Thereafter came disputes over the division of rights within the lordship between the Sickingens and the Rhinegraves. In a 1515 Weistum (a Weistum – cognate with English wisdom – was a legal pronouncement issued by men learned in law in the Middle Ages and early modern times), the reader learns that the lower jurisdiction, at least in a part of Hoppstädten, remained with
3024-470: The Netherlands. In surrounding parts of Europe the original Frankish church advocacies, and the later imperial advocacies were also influential, and evolved in various ways. In France , the advocati , known as avoués , were of two types. The first included secular lords, who held the advocateship ( avouerie ) of an abbey or abbeys, rather as an office than a fief, though they were indemnified for
3108-481: The Sickingens. The other half passed into the hands of the Waldgraves of Kyrburg. Both lordships, Sickingen and Kyrburg, held only the lower jurisdiction, while the high jurisdiction belonged to the Rhinegraves, who, as before, were responsible for the whole Hochgericht auf der Heide . In 1575 the Lords of Sickingen managed to buy out the Schmidtburgs’ half of the village. After Prince Dominik of Salm-Kyrburg bought up
3192-577: The advocates gave rise to disputes between them and the churches or monasteries. The bishops and abbots, who found their rights curtailed, appealed to the Holy Roman Emperor and the Pope for protection. In the twelfth century, warnings were issued from Rome, restraining the high-handed actions of the advocates under pain of severe ecclesiastical penalties, which still did not put an end to all the abuses that prevailed. On occasions, emperors and princes exercised
3276-445: The church since late antiquity, as it was not to act for itself in worldly affairs. Therefore, in areas such as the territories of abbeys and bishoprics, which by virtue of their ecclesiastical status were free (or immune) from the secular government of the local count ( Graf , in origin an administrative official in charge of a territory and reporting to the emperor), the Vogt fulfilled
3360-522: The close of the fifth century, but Pope Gregory I confined the office to members of the clergy. It was the duty of these defensores to protect the poor and defend the rights and possessions of the church. In the Frankish Kingdom , under the Merovingians , these lay representatives of the churches appeared as agentes, defensores and advocati . The concept of the Vogt was related to
3444-503: The comital or lordly responsibilities within the church's lands, such as the management of courts which could inflict a death penalty. In return they received an income from the lands, and the positions of these office-holders often came to be seen as inheritable titles themselves, with their own feudal privileges connected to them. The terms used in various European languages derive from a general Latin term for any person called upon ( Latin : ad vocatus ) to speak for another. Apart from
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3528-519: The end of the 11th century the title was being bestowed on mere castellans. The monks usually consulted their advocate before electing a new abbot, giving the advocate influence over the selection. When a nobleman founded or reformed a monastery, he usually became its advocate. In the 12th century, the office of the advocate was on the decline - a result of the Gregorian reforms . The Cistercian Order , for example, never allowed lay advocates. In England ,
3612-428: The excessive claims of their advocates, who indeed became a burden to their ecclesiastical clients in many ways. They dealt with the possessions entrusted to them as with their own property, plundered the church estate, appropriated tithes and other revenues, and oppressed in many ways those whom they were appointed to protect. The office, since it offered many advantages, was eagerly sought after. The excessive claims of
3696-680: The first form was used). Judoc was born in Brittany about 600. He is revered for helping with many illnesses and seeing to rich harvests. He rejected an offer to become Brittany's ruler and, after a pilgrimage to Rome , he lived in a hermitage . A cult grew up around him and spread, in Germany mainly in Lower Bavaria ( Landshut ) and the Eifel (Walberg near Bonn ). In the time of the Reformation , everyone in
3780-545: The former Lordship of Sien in 1746, Hoppstädten passed into ownership of the Rhinegraves of Grumbach. Thereafter, the lordly structures remained unchanged until feudalism itself was swept away during the French Revolution . During the Thirty Years' War , the village was destroyed, and the population was wiped out by both the war and sickness. During the time of the French Revolution and the Napoleonic era that followed,
3864-486: The function of a protective lordship, generally commanding the military contingents of such areas ( Schirmvogtei ). Beyond that, he administered the high justice instead of the count from the Vogt court ( Landgericht , Vogtgericht or Blutgericht ). In private and family monasteries (see proprietary church ), the proprietor himself often also held the office of Vogt , frequently retaining it after reform of
3948-629: The headwaters of the Perlebach, which flows first southwards to the Perleberg (mountain), flowing round this and then winding on eastwards, emptying into the Jeckenbach near Kappeln . Elevations around the village reach up to, in the municipal area's northernmost corner, 423 m above sea level near the Welchrötherhof, although that lies outside Hoppstädten's limits within the municipality of Otzweiler in
4032-481: The knight Sir Kindel von Sien “with the Sien House, the tithes themselves, the village of Hobstetten , the tithes at Schweinschied , Selbach (now vanished), Ober-Hachenbach (now vanished), Reidenbach and Wieselbach (now vanished), with the court of the half village and the church rights at Sien.” This was Hoppstädten's first documentary mention, although it is believed that the village likely dates from about 1100. Only
4116-445: The last. The bars on the dexter (armsbearer's right, viewer's left) side are drawn from arms once borne by the Lords of Rieneck, who for centuries had holdings in the village. The lion charge on the sinister (armsbearer's left, viewer's right) side was an heraldic charge once borne by the Waldgraves and Rhinegraves, longtime rulers in the area. The scallop shell below the lion is the hermit saint Judoc ’s attribute, thus representing
4200-493: The law, and owning property in the—then still administrative—countship ( Grafschaft ). The churches, monasteries and canonries, as such, received advocates alike, who by degrees assumed the position above defined. Under the Carolingians, it was made obligatory for bishops , abbots and abbesses to appoint such officials in every county where they held property . The office was not at first hereditary nor even for life,
4284-456: The measures went no further than cleaning up the many local wells that supplied the villagers with their water. Nonetheless, a watermain was eventually built in Hoppstädten in 1921, although sewerage laying was not quite finished until rather late, sometime between 1994 and 1998. A swimming pool was built in 1936 and closed in 1968 because the safety and water quality requirements could no longer be met. There were further territorial changes in
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#17329234531654368-444: The medieval sense. A Capitulary of about 790 ordained that the higher clergy, "for the sake of the church's honour, and the respect due to the priesthood" ( pro ecclesiastico honore, et pro sacerdotum reverentia ) should have advocates. Charlemagne, who obliged bishops, abbots and abbesses to maintain advocati , commanded to exercise great care in the choice of persons to fill the office; they must be judicious men, familiar with
4452-570: The merger with the Grumbach primary school; the resulting institution was called Grundschule Grumbach-Hoppstädten . The school was closed in 2010, and primary school pupils must now likewise attend classes in Lauterecken. Students wishing to attend a Gymnasium may do so in either Lauterecken or Meisenheim . Some 2 km to the west runs Bundesstraße 270. The village of Hoppstädten itself lies on Kreisstraßen 68 and 67. Somewhat less favourable
4536-493: The mid 20th century. There were stone and sand quarries, and brickyards, too. Beginning in 1921, there was also a diamond -cutting shop, alongside all the customary craft occupations. Since then, however, almost all farming operations have been given up, and more and more workers must seek their livelihoods outside the village. Today there is still one inn in the village, but most of the customary craft occupations have vanished. In their stead, new shops have arisen to properly serve
4620-422: The municipality of Schweinschied (Bad Kreuznach district), in the southeast on the municipality of Kappeln , in the south on the municipality of Merzweiler , in the southwest on the municipality of Langweiler , in the west on the municipality of Sien ( Birkenfeld district) and in the northwest on the municipality of Otzweiler (Bad Kreuznach district). Hoppstädten also meets the municipality of Hundsbach at
4704-415: The needs in this newer developmental structure. From the time before 1800 comes no information about schooling in Hoppstädten. It can be assumed, however, that as early as the 17th century, local people were already striving to establish regular schooling. From old school documents the reader learns that in 1814, the school assistant (that is, teacher) Friedrich Karl Diehlmann was teaching at a schoolhouse in
4788-404: The neighbouring Bad Kreuznach district . Not quite as high are the mountains right near the village and in the municipal area's south (Mannenberg 356 m, Perleberg 377 m). The municipal area measures 624 ha, of which roughly 4 ha is settled and 210 ha is wooded. Hoppstädten borders in the north on the municipality of Limbach ( Bad Kreuznach district), in the northeast on
4872-476: The office of an advocate, in which case they appointed deputy-advocates ( subadvocati ) to represent them. From the time of Charlemagne, who had such officials appointed in ecclesiastical territories not directly under the control of his counts, the Vogt was a state functionary representing ecclesiastical dignitaries (such as bishops and abbots) or institutions in secular matters, and particularly before secular courts. Such representatives had been assigned to
4956-517: The old Hoppstädten church’s patron saint. The arms have been borne since 1987 when they were approved by the now defunct Rheinhessen-Pfalz Regierungsbezirk administration in Neustadt an der Weinstraße . The following are listed buildings or sites in Rhineland-Palatinate ’s Directory of Cultural Monuments: The kermis (church consecration festival) is held on the last weekend in October. Even today,
5040-515: The possessions of the church in the form of supplies or services, which he could demand, or in the form of a lien on church property. Such advocates were to be found even in Roman times; a Synod of Carthage decreed, in 401, that the emperor should be requested to provide, in conjunction with the bishops, defensores for the churches. There is evidence, moreover, for such defensores ecclesiæ in Italy, at
5124-620: The proprietorship (see also lay abbot ). The three-way struggle for control of the Vogtei of the more important abbacies, played out among the central monarchy, the Church and the territorial nobility, was well established as a prerogative of the nobility; the Hirsau formulary (1075) confirmed count Adalbert of Calw as hereditary advocate of the Abbey, an agreement so widely copied elsewhere in Germany that from
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#17329234531655208-403: The protection they afforded by a domain and preach revenues granted by the abbey: thus the duke of Normandy was advocatus of nearly all the abbeys in the duchy . The second class included the petty lords who held their advocateships as hereditary fiefs and often as their sole means of subsistence. An abbey's avoué , of this class, corresponded to a bishop's vidame . Their function
5292-417: The same time to the likewise newly founded Regierungsbezirk of Rheinhessen-Pfalz (Rhineland-Palatinate has since abolished its system of Regierungsbezirke ). Hoppstädten once had a small Jewish community that was actually an outlying part of the Jewish community in Hundsbach . See the relevant sections of that article for the community's history and information about its synagogue . The village has
5376-528: The still mainly agricultural populace. Nevertheless, many people left Hoppstädten. In the years 1840 to 1865 alone, twenty families emigrated to the United States . Before the First World War , a typhus epidemic spread across the land. Some people in Hoppstädten came down with the illness, but all of them survived. The Prussian government put forth efforts at this time to curb the causes of these sicknesses by instituting better hygienic conditions. In many places, watermains were built, although in Hoppstädten,
5460-454: The tenth century, the office developed into a hereditary possession of the higher nobility, who frequently exploited it as a way of extending their power and territories, and in some cases took for themselves the estates and assets of the church bodies for whose protection they were supposedly responsible. In Austria, the teaching of the Church that, according to canon law individuals were prohibited from exercising authority over Church property,
5544-432: The term advocate developed different meanings, and other terms were also sometimes used to represent similar offices. For example, Anglo-Norman comital functions for larger districts were executed by vicomtes in Normandy, and sheriffs in England. In contrast, the advocatus or advocate as an officer of a court of law , which is still current in modern English, first appeared in the 12th and 13th centuries, concomitant with
5628-401: The title landvoogd or gouverneur-generaal , which was for example the main title of Margaret of Parma . In modern Dutch , the word voogd is the primary word for the concept of legal guardian . After leaving the Holy Roman Empire, the title of Landvogt continued to be used in the Old Swiss Confederacy in 1415. A Landvogt ruled a Landvogtei , either representing
5712-577: The village converted to Lutheranism . The mother church then became Hundsbach , then later Kappeln , as of 1800 Hundsbach once again and then in 1921 once more Kappeln. In 1973, Hoppstädten was parochially attached to Grumbach . After the Thirty Years' War , Catholics once again came to settle, although not in great numbers. They remained a minority. Of the roughly 400 inhabitants today, some 300 are Evangelical and some 60 are Catholic. More than 30 inhabitants adhere to other faiths, or profess none at all. The old chapel , Saint Judoc's ( Jodokuskapelle )
5796-415: The village from others with the same name, the form Sien-Hoppstädten was customary. According to researchers Dolch and Greule, among others, the village's name goes back to the Middle High German word hovestat , which simply meant “estate”. Its two syllables correspond with the Modern High German words Hof (“estate” or “farm”) and Stätte (“place” or “stead”). Hence, the village might have arisen from
5880-410: The village into two halves, but this has been hard to see ever since the brook was channelled into an underground pipe in 1859-1860. Outstanding among the older buildings are the church, the former school, the former town hall and, among the older houses, many farmhouses, most of which are no longer used in farming. In 1957, a new schoolhouse was built, and in 1993 a municipal centre. The graveyard lies on
5964-469: The village of Hoppstädten were then confirmed in a 1424 document. The Counts of Veldenz transferred one fourth of the tithes from Dhaun and Hoppstädten. Later, this holding passed to the family Braun von der Schmidtburg. When Friedrich von Sien died in 1430, the House of Sien died with him, for he had no male heir, and the Rhinegravial half of the lordship, by way of the late count's daughter Schonette, found its way into others’ hands. Schonette's first husband
6048-408: The village, which for that time would by no means have gone without saying. From 1825 to about 1845, a schoolteacher named Vollrath taught. In his time, the school fee that each schoolchild had to pay was raised from 30 to 35 Kreuzer . Under Vollrath's successor Ullrich, wintertime schooling had to be given up because there was not enough firewood to heat the schoolhouse. In 1840, the municipality had
6132-613: The wake of the Second World War . Hoppstädten at first still lay in the Bad Kreuznach district within the Regierungsbezirk of Koblenz, and in the then newly founded state of Rhineland-Palatinate . In the course of administrative restructuring in the state in 1968, Hoppstädten was taken from Bad Kreuznach and was reassigned to the Kusel district. In 1972, it passed to the newly founded Verbandsgemeinde of Lauterecken and at
6216-480: The word advocatus was never used to denote a hereditary representative of an abbot; but in some of the larger abbeys there were hereditary stewards whose functions and privileges were not dissimilar to those of the continental advocati . Instead, the word advocatus , or more commonly avowee , was in constant use in England to denote the patron of an ecclesiastical benefice , whose sole right of any importance
6300-408: Was Hermann Boos von Waldeck, and her second was Reinhard von Sickingen. When Hermann died about 1439, the lordship of Sien remained in his widow ’s hands. After overcoming a few difficulties, Schonette managed to bequeath the inheritance in 1483 to Schwicker von Sickingen, Franz von Sickingen ’s father. This only involved half the village, of course; as before, the other half was a Veldenz fief held by
6384-409: Was a hereditary one of presenting a parson to the bishop for institution. In this way the hereditary right of presentation to a benefice came to be called in English an advowson ( Latin : advocatio ). In medieval Poland , a wójt was the hereditary head of a town (under the overlordship of the town's owner – the king, church, or noble). In modern Poland, a wójt is the elected head of
6468-508: Was an officer of the king, who served as administrator and judge of a subdivision of royal property, or of a royal abbey. The seat of an imperial Reichsvogt was often at an imperial city . When the imperial cities gained more independence, by the late Middle Ages, they took over their own governance. The land Vogt office of the Alsace , consisting of the ten imperial cities of the Décapole ,
6552-575: Was ceded to the king of France in 1648, but the cities remained part of the Holy Roman Empire. However, the cities were soon thereafter annexed by France. Several small land Vögte continued to exist until the end of the Empire in 1806, mainly in the Swabian Circle . In what is now the Netherlands, Belgium, and Luxembourg the Habsburg dynasty continued into modern times to rule through governors who used
6636-467: Was generally to represent the abbot in his capacity as feudal lord, act as his representative in the courts of his superior, exercise secular justice in the abbot's name in the abbatial court , and lead the retainers of the abbey to battle under the banner of the patron saint . The advocatus ecclesiae was also known as a custos or adjutator in the 10th and 11th centuries. Initially, only counts and dukes were appointed advocati , but by
6720-649: Was instituted, after such a move had been time and again opposed by the municipality (of course, after Adolf Hitler ’s seizure of power early in this same year, opposing the authorities became rather riskier). In 1957, the municipality decided to build a new schoolhouse. It was dedicated in 1960. In the course of educational restructuring in 1968, the upper class in Hoppstädten was dissolved, and since then, Hauptschule students have had to be bussed to classes in Lauterecken . Then there were only primary school pupils in Hoppstädten, some from neighbouring villages. In 1970 came
6804-544: Was nominally a subject territory of Bern , but enjoyed a special status as a military ally. The office of Landvogt was abolished in 1798, with the foundation of the Helvetic Republic . Although the title of Duke of Burgundy was extinguished by the French king after the annexation of its ancestral lands in 1477, the Habsburg kings of Spain and archdukes of Austria continued to use the title to refer to their realms in
6888-499: Was only accepted reluctantly by the nobles. The rights of advocacy were bought back by the thirteenth- and fourteenth-century abbeys in alliance with the Babenberg and early Habsburg dukes; the abolition of the Vogtei ( Entvogtung ) thereby exchanged local secular jurisdiction for the protective overlordship of the duke of Austria , sometimes by forging charters that the duke confirmed. The medieval Holy Roman Empire included what
6972-404: Was torn down in the 19th century after having fallen into disrepair. It was replaced in 1886 by a new church. It is a hall church with a wooden ceiling, a quire with ribbed vaulting and a tower with three floors whose roof tapers from an octagon to a high point. The organ comes from 1750 and was built into Saint Judoc's Chapel about 1800, later being moved to the current church. The council
7056-413: Was transferred to the Bad Kreuznach district. During the 19th century, the village experienced various changes, such as the building of a new school in 1840 and of a municipal hall in 1848. In 1859 and 1860, the Perlebach was channelled into a pipe under the village. Woodland clearing brought the village more farmland as early as 1850, which was supposed to improve the supply of land, and thereby food, to
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