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49-492: Honi may refer to: People [ edit ] Honi HaM'agel , Jewish 1st century BCE scholar prior to the age of the Tannaim Charles Coles (1911–1992), American actor and tap dancer nicknamed Honi Honi Gordon ( fl.  1950s–21st century ), American jazz singer Serge Honi (born 1973), Cameroonian retired footballer Salem el-Honi , high commissioner of

98-685: A Syriac- or Greek-speaker from the Levant. During the period of the Crusades , bones from the sepulchres near Ephesus, identified as relics of the Seven Sleepers, were transported to Marseille , France, in a large stone coffin, which remained a trophy of the Abbey of St Victor, Marseille . The Seven Sleepers were included in the Golden Legend compilation, the most popular book of the later Middle Ages, which fixed

147-578: A Syrian manuscript in the British Museum ( Cat. Syr. Mss , p. 1090), gives eight sleepers. Whether the original account was written in Syriac or Greek was a matter of debate, but today a Greek original is generally accepted. The pilgrim account De situ terrae sanctae , written between 518 and 531, records the existence of a church dedicated to the sleepers in Ephesus. An outline of this tale appears in

196-558: A dog, which Islamic tradition names as Qitmir , who guarded the entrance of the cave (verse 18). Early versions do not all agree on or even specify the number of sleepers. Some Jewish circles and the Christians of Najran believed in only three brothers; the East Syriac , five. Most Syriac accounts have eight, including a nameless watcher which God sets over the sleepers. A 6th-century Latin text titled "Pilgrimage of Theodosius" featured

245-488: A dream? How could anyone sleep for seventy years?" One day Honi was journeying on the road and he saw a man planting a carob tree. He asked, "How long does it take for this tree to bear fruit?" The man replied: "Seventy years." Honi then further asked him: "Are you certain that you will live another seventy years?" The man replied: "I found already grown carob trees in the world; as my forefathers planted those for me, so I too plant these for my children." Honi sat down to have

294-507: A meal and sleep overcame him. As he slept a rocky formation enclosed upon him which hid him from sight and he slept for seventy years. When he awoke he saw a man gathering the fruit of the carob tree and Honi asked him, "Are you the man who planted the tree?" The man replied: "I am his grandson." Thereupon Honi exclaimed: "It is clear that I have slept for seventy years." He then caught sight of his ass which had given birth to several generations of mules, and he returned home. There he inquired, "Is

343-598: A mountain cave to pray, where they fell asleep. The Emperor, seeing that their attitude towards paganism had not improved, ordered the mouth of the cave to be sealed. Decius died in 251, and many years passed during which Christianity went from being persecuted to being the state religion of the Roman Empire . At some later time—usually given as during the reign of Theodosius II (408–450)—in AD 447 when heated discussions were taking place between various schools of Christianity about

392-449: A precise date for their resurrection, AD 478, in the reign of Theodosius . The story says that during the persecutions by the Roman emperor Decius , around AD 250, seven young men were accused of following Christianity . They were given some time to recant their faith, but they refused to bow to Roman idols. Instead they chose to give their worldly goods to the poor and retire to

441-560: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Honi HaM%27agel The Babylonian and Jerusalem Talmuds both provide examples of Jewish miracle workers, including Honi., such as in Jerusalem Talmud Taanit 3:10, 66d and Babylonian Talmud Taanit 19a; 23a. His surname is derived from an incident in which, according to the Babylonian Talmud , his prayer for rain

490-651: Is found near the town of Hatzor HaGlilit in northern Israel. His Yahrzeit is 5 Iyar. "HaMe'agel" in Hebrew means "circle maker". Samuel Klein suggested that the term "circle maker" relates to Honi's profession as a roofer (in Hebrew Me'agel). It was customary for sages in the Talmud to be called by their profession. Rollers for compressing plaster and mud on roofs during the Hellenistic period were found at Mount Gerizim . In

539-563: Is in MS Saint-Petersburg No. 4, which dates to the fifth century. The earliest known version of this story is found in the writings of the Syriac bishop Jacob of Serugh ( c.  450 –521), who relies on an earlier Greek source, now lost. Jacob of Serugh, an Edessan poet-theologian, wrote a homily in verse on the subject of the Seven Sleepers, which was published in the Acta Sanctorum . Another sixth-century version, in

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588-970: The Eshab-ı Kehf Kulliye mosque to this day. The Seljuks continued to use the place of worship as a church and a mosque. It was turned into a mosque over time, with the conversion of the local population to Islam. There is a cave near Amman , Jordan, also known as the Cave of Seven Sleepers , which has eight smaller sealed tombs present inside and a ventilation duct coming out of the cave. The account had become proverbial in 16th century Protestant culture. The poet John Donne could ask,         I wonder, by my troth, what thou and I         Did, till we loved? Were we not weaned till then?         But sucked on country pleasures, childishly?         Or snorted we in

637-606: The Mishnah ), and the sleep theme does not manifest as the carob story. Instead, the story is about Honi sleeping in a cave for seventy years, then returning to see that the Temple in Jerusalem had been rebuilt, where he was able to prove his identity: Said R. Yudan Giria: "This is Honi the Circle Maker [of M. Ta. 3:9], the grandson of Honi the Circle Maker. Near the time of the destruction of

686-554: The Rip Van Winkle story. The Babylonian Talmud tells the following story, in which Honi slept for 70 years, before awaking and then dying: Rabbi Yohanan said: "This righteous man Honi was troubled throughout the whole of his life concerning the meaning of the verse, 'A Song of Ascents: When the Lord brought back those that returned to Zion, we were like dreamers' (Psalms 126:1 ). [Honi asked] Is it possible for seventy years to be like

735-468: The beit hamidrash he would settle for the scholars any difficulty that they had. Whereupon he called out, "I am he!" But the scholars would not believe him nor did they give him the honor due to him. This hurt him greatly and he prayed for mercy, and he died. Raba said: "Hence the saying, 'Either companionship or death.'" In the Jerusalem Talmud , the circle-drawing story is notably missing (except in

784-770: The 6th-century writings of Gregory of Tours and in History of the Lombards of Paul the Deacon (720–799). The best-known Western version of the story appears in Jacobus de Voragine 's Golden Legend (1259–1266). It also appears in BHO ( Pueri septem ), BHG ( Pueri VII ) and BHL Dormientes (Septem) Ephesi . Accounts of the Christian legend are found in at least nine medieval languages and preserved in over 200 manuscripts, mainly dating to between

833-519: The 9th and 13th centuries. These include 104 Latin manuscripts, 40 Greek , 33 Arabic , 17 Syriac , six Ethiopic , five Coptic , two Armenian , one Middle Irish , and one Old English . Byzantine writer Symeon the Metaphrast  (died c. 1000) alluded to it. It was also translated into Sogdian . In the 13th century, the poet Chardri composed an Old French version. The ninth-century Irish calendar Félire Óengusso commemorates

882-651: The Book , tested Muhammad by asking him three questions, and Surah Al-Kahf was sent down in answer to them. The mushriks inquired about the identity of the Sleepers of the Cave, the real story of Khidr , and about Dhu al-Qarnayn . The story of the Companions of the Cave ( Arabic : أصحاب الکهف , romanized :  'aṣḥāb al-kahf ) is referred to in Quran 18:9-26 . The precise number of

931-560: The Cave ), is a late antique Christian legend, and a Qur’anic Islamic story. The Christian legend speaks about a group of youths who hid inside a cave outside the city of Ephesus (modern-day Selçuk , Turkey ) around AD 250 to escape Roman persecutions of Christians and emerged many years later. The Qur'anic version of the story appears in Sura 18 ( 18:9–26 ). The story appeared in several Syriac sources before Gregory of Tours 's lifetime (538–594). The earliest Syriac manuscript copy

980-864: The Epimenides sleep theme. The idea would be that in the Jerusalem Talmud's case, the author more closely followed the Epimenides story to get their point across, while in the Babylonian Talmud, the author had a more metaphorical approach to his death in Josephus. The story of Honi the Circle-Maker is also quoted in Midrash Tehillim , chapter 126. According to Josephus in Antiquities of the Jews , Honi met his end in

1029-536: The Lord restored the fortune of Zion, we were like those who dream" (Ps. 126:1). Unlike the Babylonian Talmud story, the account in the Jerusalem Talmud does not describe Honi's death. This more closely resembles the Epimenides sleep story in which Epimenides can pass on his message. According to one source, this difference could be specifically because of the two pieces this story is based on: Honi's death in Josephus and

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1078-741: The Organisation of the Islamic Conference office Other uses [ edit ] Honi, Iran , a village in Kerman Province Honi language , spoken in Yunnan, China Honi, fictional daughter in the syndicated comic strip Hägar the Horrible Honi, Native Hawaiian version of hongi , a traditional Māori greeting See also [ edit ] Honi phenomenon , a psychological effect Honey (disambiguation) Topics referred to by

1127-601: The Seven Sleepers on 7 August. It was also translated into Persian , Kyrgyz , and Tatar . The story rapidly attained a wide diffusion throughout Christendom. It was popularized in the West by Gregory of Tours, in his late 6th-century collection of miracles, De gloria martyrum ( Glory of the Martyrs) . Gregory claimed to have gotten the story from "a certain Syrian interpreter" ( Syro quidam interpretante ), but this could refer to either

1176-554: The Seven Sleepers' den?—John Donne, " The Good-Morrow ". In John Heywood 's Play called the Four PP (1530s), the Pardoner, a Renaissance update of the protagonist in Chaucer 's " The Pardoner's Tale ", offers his companions the opportunity to kiss "a slipper / Of one of the Seven Sleepers", but the relic is presented as absurdly as the Pardoner's other offerings, which include "the great-toe of

1225-541: The Sleepers", from his book The Encyclopedia of the Dead . The Italian author Andrea Camilleri incorporates the story in his novel The Terracotta Dog in which the protagonist is led to a cave containing the titular watchdog (as described in the Qur'an and called "Kytmyr" in Sicilian folklore) and the saucer of silver coins with which one of the sleepers is to buy "pure food" from

1274-635: The Talmud, in Taanit 19a and 23a. Two variations of a story are recorded—in the Babylonian and Jerusalem Talmuds—in which Honi fell asleep for decades before awakening. The story provides a Jewish version on the theme of a person or persons (as the Seven Sleepers ) sleeping for many decades and waking to find a changed world—a theme originating in the story of Epimenides —found in many divergent cultures and traditions, and in modern times associated especially with

1323-565: The Tree , they ride in the last battle against the Dark. The Seven Sleepers series by Gilbert Morris takes a modern approach to the story in which seven teenagers must be awakened to fight evil in a post-nuclear-apocalypse world. John Buchan refers to the Seven Sleepers in The Three Hostages in which Richard Hannay surmises that his wife Mary, who is a sound sleeper, is descended from one of

1372-618: The Trinity" and "a buttock-bone of Pentecost." Little is heard of the Seven Sleepers during the Enlightenment , but the account revived with the coming of Romanticism . The Golden Legend may have been the source for retellings of the Seven Sleepers in Thomas de Quincey 's Confessions of an English Opium-Eater , in a poem by Goethe , Washington Irving 's " Rip van Winkle ", H. G. Wells 's The Sleeper Awakes . It also might have an influence on

1421-559: The [First] Temple, he went out to a mountain to his workers. Before he got there, it rained. He went into a cave. Once he sat down there he fell asleep. He remained sound asleep for seventy years, until the Temple was destroyed and it was rebuilt a second time. At the end of the seventy years he awoke from his sleep. He went out of the cave, and he saw a world completely changed. An area that had been planted with vineyards now produced olives, and an area planted with olives now produced grain. He asked

1470-569: The bazaar in Ephesus ( Qur'an 18.19). The Seven Sleepers are symbolically replaced by lovers Lisetta Moscato and Mario Cunich , who were killed in their nuptial bed by an assassin hired by Lisseta's incestuous father and later laid to rest in a cave in the Sicilian countryside. In Susan Cooper 's The Dark Is Rising series, Will Stanton awakens the Seven Sleepers in The Grey King , and in Silver on

1519-414: The cave for 300 years and nine added", resolves that "God knows best how long they remained [there]." According to the 25th verse of Al-Kahf, the Companions of the Cave have slept for 300 years in the solar calendar and slept 309 in the lunar calendar since the lunar calendar is 11 days shorter than the solar, which explains the inclusion of the additional nine years. The Quran says that the sleepers included

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1568-534: The cave of the Seven Sleepers are in Damascus, Syria and Afşin and Tarsus , Turkey. Afşin is near the antique Roman city of Arabissus , to which the East Roman Emperor Justinian paid a visit. The site was a Hittite temple, used as a Roman temple and later as a church in Roman and Byzantine times. The Emperor brought marble niches from Western Anatolia as gifts for it, which are preserved inside

1617-667: The context of conflict between the Hasmonean brothers Hyrcanus II , backed by the Pharisees and advised by Antipater the Idumaean , and Aristobulus II , backed by the Sadducees . Around 63 BCE, Honi was captured by the followers of Hyrcanus besieging Jerusalem and was asked to pray for the demise of their opponents. Honi, however, prayed: "Lord of the universe, as the besieged and the besiegers both belong to Your people, I beseech You not to answer

1666-466: The earth. How well He sees; how well He hears! The creatures have no other guardian than Him; He allows none to share His authority.'" Several sites are attributed as the "Cave of the Seven Sleepers", but none could empirically convince to be the original site associated with the legend. As the earliest versions of the legend spread out from Ephesus , an early Christian catacomb in that area came to be associated with it, attracting scores of pilgrims. On

1715-445: The evil prayers of either." After this, the followers of Hyrcanus stoned him to death. The Babylonian Talmud records a different story of his death, as part of the aforementioned carob tree story. Samuel Eidels (d. 1631) explains the discrepancy between the Talmud and Josephus by stating that Honi was presumed killed by Hyrcanus II's men, but in reality was put into a deep sleep or coma for 70 years, and only then died. Honi's grave

1764-559: The motif of the " King asleep in mountain ". Mark Twain did a burlesque of the story of the Seven Sleepers in Chapter ;13 of Volume 2 of The Innocents Abroad . Edward Gibbon gives different accounts of the story in The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire . The Serbian writer Danilo Kiš retells the story of the Seven Sleepers in a short story, "The Legend of

1813-409: The people of the district, "What has happened in the world?" They said to him, "And don't you know what has happened?" He said to them, "No." They said to him, "Who are you?" He said to them, "Honi the Circle Maker." They said to him, "We heard that when he would go into the Temple courtyard, it would be illuminated." He went in and illuminated the place and recited the following verse of Scripture, "When

1862-399: The rain calmed to a normal rain. He was almost put into herem (excommunication) for the above incident in which he showed "dishonor" to God, as if he had imposed himself upon God. However, Simeon ben Shetach , the brother of Salome Alexandra , queen regnant of Hasmonean Judah , excused him, saying that Honi had a special relationship with God. Two variations of this story appear in

1911-453: The resurrection of the body in the day of judgement and life after death, a landowner decided to open up the sealed mouth of the cave, thinking to use it as a cattle pen. He opened it and found the sleepers inside. They awoke, imagining that they had slept but one day, and sent one of their number to Ephesus to buy food, with instructions to be careful. Upon arriving in the city, this person was astounded to find buildings with crosses attached;

1960-405: The same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Honi . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Honi&oldid=1232388412 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description

2009-478: The sleepers as seven people in number, with a dog named Viricanus. Bartłomiej Grysa lists at least seven different sets of names for the sleepers: In Islam no specific number is mentioned. Qur'an 18:22 discusses the disputes regarding their numbers. The verse says: Some will say, "They were three, their dog was the fourth," while others will say, "They were five, their dog was the sixth," only guessing blindly. And others will say, "They were seven and their dog

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2058-470: The sleepers is not stated. The Quran furthermore points to the fact that people, shortly after the incident emerged, started to make "idle guesses" as to how many people were in the cave. To this the Quran asserts that: "My Sustainer knows best how many they were". Similarly, regarding the exact period of time the people stayed in the cave, the Quran, after asserting the guesswork of the people that "they remained in

2107-498: The slopes of Mount Pion (Mount Coelian) near Ephesus (near modern Selçuk in Turkey), the grotto of the Seven Sleepers with ruins of the religious site built over it was excavated in 1926–1928. The excavation brought to light several hundred graves dated to the 5th and 6th centuries. Inscriptions dedicated to the Seven Sleepers were found on the walls and in the graves. This grotto is still shown to tourists. Other possible sites of

2156-462: The son of Honi the Circle-Drawer still alive?" The people answered him, "His son is no more, but his grandson is still living." Thereupon he said to them: "I am Honi the Circle-Drawer," but no one would believe him. He then repaired to the beit hamidrash study hall and there he overheard the scholars say, "The law is as clear to us as in the days of Honi the Circle-Drawer," for whenever he came to

2205-878: The time of Honi, these rollers are the tools of the trade for a me'agel/circle maker/roofer. The Mishna in Maakot 2:1 calls this roofer a "circle maker" ("me'agel"). The term circle maker has a double meaning - profession and a label to describe Honi's drawing circles to interact with God. Seder HaDoroth however, writes that the name is toponymic , as Honi was from a town named Maglu (see Seder HaTanna'im VehaAmora'im ). Seven Sleepers The Seven Sleepers ( Greek : ἑπτὰ κοιμώμενοι , romanized :  hepta koimōmenoi ; Latin : Septem dormientes ), also known in Christendom as Seven Sleepers of Ephesus , and in Islam as Aṣḥāb al-Kahf (اصحاب الکهف, aṣḥāb al-kahf , lit. Companions of

2254-459: The townspeople for their part were astounded to find a man trying to spend old coins from the reign of Decius. The bishop was summoned to interview the sleepers; they told him their miracle story, and died praising God. The various lives of the Seven Sleepers in Greek and in other non-Latin languages are listed at BHO . The polytheists ( mushriks ) of Mecca , after consulting with the people of

2303-448: The year 252 until 448). Other calculations suggest 195. The Qu'ran in regard to the duration of the sleep only mentions the conflicting numbers that people assigned, in Surah 18:25-26, which states, "They remained in the Cave for three hundred years; and others added nine more years. / Say: 'Allah knows best how long they remained in it, for only He knows all that is hidden in the heavens and

2352-462: Was miraculously answered. On one occasion, when God did not send rain well into the winter (in Israel , it rains mainly in the winter), Honi drew a circle in the dust, stood inside it, and informed God that he would not move until it rained. When it began to drizzle, Honi told God that he was not satisfied and expected more rain; it then began to pour. He explained that he wanted a calm rain, at which point

2401-416: Was the eighth." Say, O Prophet, "My Lord knows best their exact number. Only a few people know as well." So do not argue about them except with sure knowledge, nor consult any of those who debate about them. The number of years the sleepers slept also varies between accounts. The highest number, given by Gregory of Tours, was 373 years. Some accounts have 372. Jacobus de Voragine calculated it at 196 (from

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