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82-670: Holter Dam was built by the United Missouri River Power Company and the Montana Power Company . Samuel Thomas Hauser , a former Territorial Governor of the state of Montana from 1885 to 1887, had had a lengthy career in banking , mining , railroads , ranching , and smelting , but had encountered a series of financial setbacks after the Panic of 1893 which had nearly ruined him financially. In his early 60s, Hauser began to rebuild his finances by branching out into

164-539: A BAE Systems facility in West Manchester Township which assembles various military tanks and equipment. The P.H. Glatfelter paper company, founded in 1864, was headquartered in York until mid-2020 when it relocated to Charlotte, North Carolina . Glatfelter had sold its nearby Spring Grove paper mill in 2018. The paper mill is now operated by Pixelle Specialty Solutions, LLC. In addition, Christmas Tree Hill,

246-481: A Boston -based firm, was the construction company. But cost overruns, waning investor enthusiasm, and the liability associated with the collapse of Hauser Dam nearly drove Samuel Hauser (United Missouri's largest shareholder) into bankruptcy. Amalgamated Copper, which bought 75 percent of United Missouri's power and owned $ 1 million of its corporate bonds , now began buying its power from Hauser's rival, John D. Ryan's Great Falls Power Company. Construction on Holter Dam

328-526: A Johnson Controls Company and one of the largest suppliers of HVAC systems in the United States. On February 2, 1998, a massive explosion occurred at the York International plant. A spark set off a leak in the nearby propane storage house, causing a blast that was felt up to twenty-five miles away, which blew out windows nearby and knocked down doors. Roughly twenty people were injured, and one person

410-451: A "flush" of the river. Flows stayed double their typical flow rates even in July 2008. More recently, in 2009 wildlife experts worried that walleye were washing over Holter Dam into the blue-ribbon trout fishery below the dam. Walleyes are predatory fish that eat small trout and yellow perch, and there were calls to alter the overflow procedures at Holter Dam to prevent walleye from escaping into

492-525: A cost of $ 20,000. The agency intended to use nets and "passive" fish traps to remove the pike, but might employ "active" measure like electric fishing, gill netting, or trap netting if the passive measures were not effective. In April 2011, the FWP removed all fishing limits on northern pike from the headwaters of the Missouri River to Holter Dam in order to encourage fishermen to eradicate the species. In March 2012,

574-772: A director of the United Missouri River Power Company. Hauser formed a subsidiary, the Capital City Improvement Company, to seek investment money and build the dam for the power company. John Ripley Freeman was the dam's design engineer (he also worked on the Hetch Hetchy Aqueduct , the Charles River Dam , the Keokuk Dam , the Los Angeles Aqueduct , and the Panama Canal ). Stone & Webster ,

656-427: A household in the city was $ 26,475, and the median income for a family was $ 30,762. Males had a median income of $ 26,792 compared with that of $ 20,612 for females. The per capita income for the city was $ 13,439. Roughly 20.0% of families and 23.8% of the population were living below the poverty line, including 31.8% of those who were under the age of eighteen and 15.8% of those who were aged sixty-five or older. York

738-456: A popular national Christmas, home decor and gift retailer, has been based in York since its founding in 1971. Its flagship location is housed in the historic Meadowbrook Mansion, which was built in East York during the early 1800s. The six columns on the mansion's front porch were reused from the second York County Courthouse cupola, which had been located at 28 East Market Street from 1841 until it

820-559: Is 4.6 miles (7.4 km). The Missouri River runs free for 90 miles (140 km) between Holter Dam and the five dams at Great Falls, Montana . Madison Limestone forms much of the surface rock through which the Missouri River flows at Holter Dam. The limestone is rich in fossils , mostly brachiopods like clams , mussels , and mollusks . Holter Lake sits atop the Eldorado thrust fault , which juxtaposes Proterozoic Belt Supergroup Greyson Shale over much younger Madison Limestone and

902-534: Is a city in and the county seat of York County, Pennsylvania , United States. Located in South Central Pennsylvania , the city's population was 44,800 at the time of the 2020 census , making it the tenth-most populous city in Pennsylvania. The city has an urban area population of 238,549 people and a metropolitan population of 456,438 people. Founded in 1741, York served as the temporary base for

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984-744: Is also home to four national historic districts : Fairmount Historic District , Northwest York Historic District , Springdale Historic District , and York Historic District . Much of York's culture represents the city's evolving role as an agricultural and industrial center. The historic York State Fair , which claims to be the country's oldest, traces its roots to 1765. It runs every year in late July for ten days, encompassing an entire week and two weekends. In addition to typical fair attractions, such as rides, games and contests, it also wins regional recognition for hosting many musical artists, such as Alabama , Gretchen Wilson , Carrie Underwood , Toby Keith , and Lynyrd Skynyrd . The fairgrounds, branded

1066-545: Is fairly evenly spread throughout the year, and falls on an average of 126.6 days per annum. Record temperatures from the York COOP range from 107 °F (42 °C), set on July 2, 1901, down to −21 °F (−29 °C), recorded on January 28, 1925, and January 21, 1994; at York Airport, with a considerably shorter period of record, the range is 100 °F (38 °C), set on July 22, 2011, down to −12 °F (−24 °C) as recently as March 6–7, 2015. The York COOP also holds

1148-525: Is located just northeast of York in Springettsbury Township . The York area is also home to two major manufacturers of modern hydro-power water turbines , Voith Hydro in West Manchester Township and American Hydro in Hellam Township , both of which manufacture enormous parts in their plants. Spring Garden Township , directly south of York, is the headquarters to York International ,

1230-760: Is part of the Sevier orogeny . Holter Lake has two parts, dubbed upper Holter Lake and lower Holter Lake. The central section of the lake is a narrow, 5-mile (8.0 km) neck, marked at its downstream end by the Gates of the Mountains . The Gates of the Rocky Mountains were first recorded when the Lewis and Clark Expedition passed through the area in 1805. Captain Meriwether Lewis wrote on July 19, 1805: this evening we entered much

1312-447: The 2000 census . As of the 2020 United States census , York had a population of 44,800, of which 38.1% were Hispanic/Latino, 32.4% were non-Hispanic White, 23.1% were non-Hispanic Black, 0.8% were Asian, 0.2% were Native American or Pacific Islander, and 5.4% were mixed or other. As of the 2010 census, the city was 51.2% White, 28.0% Black or African American, 0.6% Native American, 1.2% Asian, and 6.3% were two or more races. 28.5% of

1394-539: The Articles of Confederation in York, though they were not ratified until March 1781. Congress met at the Court House that was built in 1754. It was demolished in 1841 and rebuilt in 1976 as Colonial Court House. York styles itself the first Capital of the United States, although historians generally consider it to be the fourth capital, after Philadelphia , Baltimore , and Lancaster (for one day). The claim arises from

1476-592: The Continental Congress from September 1777 to June 1778, during which the Articles of Confederation were drafted. It is the largest city in the York–Hanover metropolitan area , which is also included in the larger Harrisburg–York–Lebanon combined statistical area of the Susquehanna Valley . York was also known as Yorktown in the mid-18th to early 19th centuries. It was founded in 1741 by settlers from

1558-591: The Montana Department of Fish, Wildlife and Parks . These pressures led state wildlife managers to implement in March 2002 limits on the catch of rainbow trout on this part of the Missouri River. By 2002, fishing levels just below Holter Dam had doubled from their 1993 levels. This section of the Missouri River was now the most heavily fished body of water in the state. In 2009 and 2010, a fungal disease killed large numbers of mature brown trout below Holter Dam. Holter Dam

1640-606: The Philadelphia region and named for the English city of the same name . By 1777, most of the area residents were of German or Scots-Irish descent. It was incorporated as a borough on September 24, 1787, and as a city on January 11, 1887. York served as the temporary base for the Continental Congress from September 30, 1777, to June 27, 1778, during the American Revolutionary War (1775–1783). Congress drafted and adopted

1722-443: The dot-com downturn in the early 2000s. Touch America filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection in 2003, selling its facilities to 360networks with plans to sell off remaining assets to defend against shareholder lawsuits. Litigation over the company's assets continued until early 2013, when a settlement was reached offering shareholders 29 cents per share. The shares were once worth $ 65. York, Pennsylvania York

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1804-490: The steamboat Rose of Helena traversed the Missouri River through this area. Although the Missouri River once ran swiftly through the Gates of the Mountains, Holter Dam drastically reduced the flow of water so that now the area has almost no current. Water levels in the Gates are now 14 feet (4.3 m) higher than they were in 1805. Between upper and lower Holter Lake, near the Gates of the Mountains, lies Mann Gulch . The gulch

1886-469: The water wheels for the turbines. The 1916-1918 construction camp was the largest ever built by Montana Power. There were more than 115 buildings at the construction site, including a bunkhouse and dormitories for unmarried men, cottages for married men, a dining hall, a bathing house, storage sheds, garages, a photography studio, school, hospital, and sewer. Although most of the structures were tents or wooden buildings intended for short-term use, seven of

1968-610: The "Big Mac" Plan, did not raise all of the funds sought. After many years of attempting to secure funding for a stadium and a baseball team to play in it, the first decade of the century saw York realize both goals. In 2007, Santander Stadium (now WellSpan Park), home of the York Revolution , opened in the Arch Street neighborhood. The stadium, along with other large projects such as the York County Judicial Center and

2050-759: The Appell Center for the Performing Arts, formerly known as the Strand-Capitol Performing Arts Center, which hosts nationally acclaimed acts in York. Performers here have included Kenny G , Bill Cosby , B.B. King , Béla Fleck , and George Carlin . The historic Capitol Theatre also features many independent and foreign films, making it the only venue in York (and sometimes the entire Susquehanna Valley) to feature some rare, yet critically acclaimed films. The Strand Studio has also branched out and offers live music, usually jazz and acoustic, for

2132-601: The Codo luxury apartment lofts, have come to symbolize York's extensive redevelopment efforts. According to the United States Census Bureau , the city has a total area of 5.3 square miles (14 km ), of which 5.2 square miles (13 km ) is land and 0.1 square miles (0.26 km ) (1.14%) is water. York has a humid continental climate ( Dfa ) with hot, humid summers and moderately cold winters. The mean annual precipitation total of 41.1 inches (1,040 millimeters)

2214-533: The Holter Dam Campground in 2007. Conservation projects are also underway at Holter. As part of its federal licensing agreement, PPL Montana donated $ 1.2 million in 2011 to fund 41 conservation projects along the Missouri and Madison rivers. These included a project to restore and enhance riverside vegetation along a 4.5-mile (7.2 km) stretch of the Missouri River just below Holter Dam (vegetation helps cool

2296-419: The Missouri River below Holter Dam and a study of the walleye feeding habits below Holter Dam. Drought has also affected the dam's operation. No water was permitted to flow over the dam in 1986 due to drought. In 1992, water flowed over the dam's crest on only a single day. In wetter years, water flows over the dam almost continuously. A severe drought struck the state of Montana beginning in 1999. By May 2004,

2378-444: The Missouri River below the dam. An open-air tourboat offers river-based tours of the Gates of the Mountains. The Bureau of Land Management (BLM) manages much of the surrounding public lands as a Recreation Area. BLM maintains four campgrounds at Holter Lake: Beartooth Landing (accessible only by boat; no land access), Holter Lake, Log Gulch, and Departure Point. BLM also controls access to the river below Holter Dam. BLM reconstructed

2460-428: The Missouri River. Five-pound (2.27 kg) rainbow trout are commonly caught here, and trout weighing 10 pounds (4.5 kg) or more have been caught. Many fish are 18 inches (460 mm) or longer. Rainbow trout outnumber brown trout here by a 6:1 ratio. At Holter Lake, rainbow trout weighing 3 pounds (1.4 kg) are commonly caught. There are also stable, significant populations of burbot and stonecats below

2542-489: The Montana Department of Fish, Wildlife and Parks (FWP) set no limit on the number of northern pike anglers may take from Holter Lake and the waters just above it. A month later, the agency said it had completed an environmental assessment of a plan to remove northern pike from the Missouri River and its feeder streams. The agency sought public comment on the plan, which it said would take three to five years to complete at

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2624-540: The Olde York Street Fair each year on Mothers Day , the second Sunday of May – a tradition since the early 1980s. In recent years, more than 150 art, craft and food vendors have lined Market and George streets. Average attendance was 60,000 people as of 2004, according to city officials. York is home to DreamWrights Center for Community Arts, The Belmont Theatre , the Pullo Center at Penn State York and

2706-477: The United Missouri River Power Company. The merged company completed Hauser Dam on February 12, 1907. The dam was a steel dam built on masonry footings on top of gravel, with the ends of the dam anchored in bedrock on either side of the river. On April 14, 1908, Hauser Dam failed after water pressure undermined the masonry footings (the steel dam itself being structurally sound). United Missouri River Power began reconstruction of Hauser Dam in July 1908 (completing

2788-566: The York Expo Center, also hosts the annual National Street Rod Association Street Rod Nationals East, the largest annual street rod event in the Eastern US. The event brings thousands of street rods into the city for a few days in June. On Friday afternoons of the event, the city holds a parade through the center of the city for participating vehicles. York City Recreation and Parks helps sponsor

2870-549: The area in 1895 and continued manufacturing in York until 2005. Although currently produced by the Hershey Company , the York Peppermint Pattie was created in York in 1940. Throughout the middle of the 20th century, several incidents of racial prejudice and social injustices occurred in the city. Between 1955 and 1970 there were several racial disturbances, most notably the 1969 York Race Riot , which resulted in

2952-523: The assertion that the Articles of Confederation was the first legal document to refer to the colonies as "the United States of America". The argument depends on whether the Declaration of Independence would be considered a true legal document of the United States, being drafted under and in opposition to British rule. This does not, however, prevent modern businesses and organizations in the York area from using

3034-506: The dam in the spring of 1911). The United Missouri River Power Company had begun construction of Holter Dam in 1908 before the failure of Hauser Dam. Hauser had conceived of a dam at the present location in 1906 to supply the newly formed Amalgamated Copper Mining Company (a forerunner to Anaconda Copper ) with electricity. The dam was named for Anton Holter , president of the Helena Transmission Power Company and by 1908

3116-414: The dam was permitting only 3,500 cubic foot (99 m) to 3,000 cubic foot (85 m) per second downriver. These flows were well below the 4,100 cubic foot (120 m) per second needed to keep the fishery healthy. The low water flows, coupled with whirling disease, led to a 40 percent drop in big fish (those over 17 inches (430 mm) in length) as well as lower overall numbers of fish immediately below

3198-411: The dam's owner to not only continue to operate Holter Dam as a run-of-the-river dam but also to maintain water levels behind the dam within a certain range. In January 2011, as part of its management efforts, PPL agreed to donate $ 1.2 million to fund 41 conservation projects along the Missouri and Madison rivers, which included restoring and increasing riverside vegetation along 4.5 miles (7.2 km) of

3280-527: The dam. A 2005 proposal by the managers of the Helena National Forest to draw down Holter Lake by 2 feet (0.61 m) in August 2005 in order to repair Coulter Campground near the Gates of the Mountains had fishermen and recreational outfitters angry due to the likely side-effects on the downstream fishery. But a 2006 study by state wildlife biologists found that, although there had been a slight decline in

3362-569: The dam. Until recently, kokanee salmon and yellow perch were also abundant below the dam, but increasing number of walleye and increased water flows have reduced these populations to as little as 4 percent of historic levels. According to Montana wildlife officials, "Holter Reservoir has historically been one of the most diverse and productive multi-species fisheries in the state." Rainbow trout, kokanee salmon, walleye , and yellow perch are all found there in abundance. In 1992, "catch-and-release only" regulations were imposed on brown trout to protect

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3444-404: The death of Lillie Belle Allen and Henry C. Schaad. These murders were largely left ignored until thirty-one years later, when allegations of murder and racial prejudice were raised against the mayor, Charlie Robertson . Additionally, the city commonly held unopposed Ku Klux Klan rallies and public meetings, fostering further racial tension. Though the murders of Allen and Schaad were solved and

3526-547: The drawdown was extensive, but Montana Power insisted that it go ahead. But in August 1999, Montana Power put its repair plans on hold. On November 2, 1999, Montana Power announced it was selling all of its dams and other electric power generating plants to PPL, Inc. for $ 1.6 billion. The sale was expected to generate $ 30 million in taxes for the state of Montana (although MPC said the total would be lower). Subsequently, in May 2000 PPL announced it would use small steel cofferdams to drain

3608-445: The fall of 1997 to PP&L Resources for $ 759 million. The remaining power operations were sold to Northwestern Energy . With the arrival of utilities deregulation in the 1990s, Montana Power restructured itself into a telecommunications company by 2001, Touch America Holdings , and began divesting its utility and energy holdings. The company built a 21,000-mile (34,000 km) fiber optics network and incurred heavy losses during

3690-490: The fragile population numbers of these fish. Eight years later, state officials imposed a 50-fish limit on the number of yellow perch which may be caught. Management of the fishery immediately downstream of Holter Dam necessarily involves management of the dam and reservoir. In autumn 1996, whirling disease was confirmed in the Missouri River below Holter Dam. Fishing on the 15-mile (24 km) stretch of Missouri River below Holter Dam doubled between 1989 and 1999, according to

3772-503: The initiative in November 2002. Also in 2001, Holter Dam participated in an emergency management training exercise which, in part, planned for the catastrophic failure of Holter Dam. The public used to be able to walk across the top of Holter Dam (which provided easy access to both sides of the river), but the dam was closed to the public after the September 11 attacks . Holter Dam was one of

3854-560: The largest Northern town to be occupied by the Confederate army when the division of Major General Jubal Anderson Early spent June 28–30, 1863 in and around the town while the brigade of John B. Gordon marched to the Susquehanna River at Wrightsville and back. Early placed York under tribute status and collected food, supplies, clothing, shoes, and $ 28,000 in cash from citizens and merchants before departing westward, obeying

3936-490: The last two such PPL dams to be closed. In 2014, PPL sold Holter Dam and their other Montana dams to NorthWestern Corporation . While effective at generating electricity, well-designed, and well-engineered, Holter Dam is considered an exceptionally unpleasant structure visually. In 1927, however, the Montana Legislature commissioned painter Ralph E. DeCamp to depict Holter Dam as one of four mural paintings to hang in

4018-876: The lower parts of the Missouri River. In 2010, the State of Montana proposed a 10-year fishery management plan for 11 sport and 10 non-sport fish species in Holter Lake. The regulations would have permitted unlimited walleye fishing below Holter Dam as a means of protecting trout from this voracious, nonnative predator species. Final regulations approved in October 2010 permitted fishermen to catch and remove an unlimited number of walleye from Holter Dam to Cascade Bridge, but limited catches to 20 per day (and 40 in possession) from Cascade Bridge to Black Eagle Dam. These limits were reaffirmed by state fisheries regulations in April 2011. The state also increased

4100-406: The most remarkable clifts that we have yet seen. these clifts rise from the waters edge on either side perpendicularly to the height of 1200 feet. ... the river appears to have forced its way through this immense body of solid rock for the distance of 5-3/4 Miles ... I called it the gates of the rocky mountains. The Gates of the Mountains has been tourist attraction since the period 1886 to 1906, when

4182-640: The name, such as the First Capital Dispensing Co., First Capital Engineering and First Capital Federal Credit Union. The Conway Cabal was a political intrigue against General George Washington that originated in the Golden Plough Tavern in York. According to U.S. census reports from 1800 through 1840, York ranked within the nation's top one hundred most populous urban areas. During the American Civil War (1861–1865), York became

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4264-613: The nearby maintenance buildings are one of the most intact historic hydroelectric generating facilities in Montana. Holter Dam raised the water level behind it by about 100 feet (30 m), creating the 24-mile (39 km) long Holter Lake (also known as Holter Reservoir). Holter Lake has a surface area of 4,800 acres (1,900 ha). The lake has a mean depth of 50 feet (15 m) and a maximum depth of 121 feet (37 m). Holter Lake stores 243,000 acre-feet (300,000,000 m) of water when full. The distance between Hauser Dam and Holter Lake

4346-526: The number of all fish as well as the sizes of all fish since the sport fish population peaked in 1999, those declines were slight compared to what had been predicted. A 2006-2007 survey of burbot and stonecats in the Missouri River immediately below Holter Dam found four times as many burbot as expected. Heavy snowpack and spring rains in 2008, however, forced dam operators to increase the flow to 11,000 cubic foot (310 m) per second. By June, flows increased to 16,000 cubic foot (450 m) per second, permitting

4428-452: The number of walleye caught between Hauser Dam and Holter Dam to 10 daily (although all fish 20 to 28 inches (51 to 71 cm) in length had to be released), and set the yellow perch limit on Holter Reservoir down to 25 per day. Northern pike are also a problem in Holter Lake. The fish has long been present in small numbers in the lake, where it consumes more desirable native species like burbot, brown trout, and cuttrout trout. In March 2011,

4510-594: The official statewide 24-hour precipitation record of 13.5 in (340 mm) set on June 22, 1972, due to the impact of Hurricane Agnes . York is the largest principal city of the York–Hanover–Gettysburg CSA , a Combined Statistical Area that includes the York–Hanover metropolitan area (York County) and the Gettysburg micropolitan area ( Adams County ), which had a combined population of 473,043 at

4592-512: The partially built Holter Dam as well. Montana Power resumed building the structure in March 1916. The reason for resuming construction was to supply power to the Butte, Anaconda and Pacific Railway and the Chicago, Milwaukee, and St. Paul Railroad . The Chas. T. Main company (whose Western Office was in Butte, Montana ) was hired to revisit the design. Henry A. Herrick, an employee of the power company,

4674-417: The perpetrators were apprehended, the actions, which originated back to the beginnings of the hate group, continue to the present day. In 2002, the city faced a budget shortfall of $ 1,000,000 (~$ 1.62 million in 2023). Mayor John S. Brenner 's plan to raise the money by asking York County's 302,000 adult residents to donate $ 3.32 to the city received national attention. The plan, referred to by some as

4756-589: The population were of Hispanic or Latino ancestry. As of the census of 2000, there were 40,862 people, 16,137 households, and 9,246 families residing in the city. The population density was 7,852.2 inhabitants per square mile (3,031.8/km ). There were 18,534 housing units at an average density of 3,561.6/sq mi (1,375.1/km ). The racial makeup of the city was 59.75% White , 25.13% African American , 0.42% Native American , 1.40% Asian , 0.07% Pacific Islander , 9.40% from other races , and 3.83% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 17.19% of

4838-411: The population. There were 16,137 households, out of which 30.9% had children under the age of eighteen living with them; 31.0% were married couples living together, 20.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 42.7% were non-families. 33.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.7% had someone living alone who was sixty-five years of age or older. The average household size

4920-710: The relatively new industry of hydroelectric power generation. In 1894, he formed the Missouri River Power Company, and won the approval of the United States Congress to build a dam 2 miles (3.2 km) below Stubbs' Ferry (which later was known as Hauser Dam ). In 1905, Hauser and other directors of the Missouri River Power Company formed the Helena Power Transmission Company (also known as the "Helena Power and Transmission Company"). The two companies merged on February 16, 1906, to form

5002-776: The revised orders of Robert E. Lee . The sprawling York U.S. Army Hospital on Penn Commons served thousands of Union soldiers who had been wounded during the battles of Antietam and Gettysburg . During the Postbellum era (1865–1877), York remained a regional center for local agriculture, but increasingly became an important industrial center, with such industries as steam engines , railroad manufacturing, and papermaking achieving dominant status. To this day, York still features unique architecture, ranging from colonial era buildings to large gothic churches. The York Motor Car Co. built Pullman automobiles on North George St. from 1905 thorough 1917. An early and unique six-wheeled prototype

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5084-490: The state began a project to eradicate all northern pike from the headwaters of the Madison, Gallatin , and Jefferson rivers to Holter Dam on the Missouri River. In October 2011, the state set the limit on trout caught below Holter Dam at three trout per day, only one of which could be over 18 inches (46 cm) in length, and only one of which could be a brown trout. These limits are in effect from 2012 to 2015. In December 2011,

5166-528: The state reported improved numbers of trout below Holter Dam due to several high-volume years of cold water in the Missouri River. The state counted an average number of 6,034 rainbow trout 10 inches (25 cm) or longer per mile (the long-term average was 3,036 per mile). It was the second-highest count on record. An estimated 20 percent of the fish were hatchery-raised trout, however. The state counted 4,429 wild trout per mile. Holter Lake has been described by one recreational guide as "the most awe-inspiring of

5248-564: The state's Law Library (located in the Montana State Capitol ). Japanese photographer Toshio Shibata has also photographed the dam, and exhibited this work in 1997 in Chicago at the Museum of Contemporary Art . Today, Holter Dam and Holter Lake are a popular recreational area for boating, fishing, hiking, and camping. Just below Holter Dam is the Blue Ribbon trout fishing section of

5330-413: The structures were renovated into permanent housing for the dam's operators. Two more homes were built for operators after construction ended. Montana Power spent $ 1.3 million in 1916 and $ 1.5 million in 1917 to finish the dam. Holter was completed and brought online for power generation in 1918. It was the sixth and last dam completed by the company in that decade. In its original configuration, Holter Dam

5412-806: The three upper Missouri Lakes." The reservoir is surrounded by the Beartooth Wildlife Management Area, Gates of the Mountains Game Preserve, Gates of the Mountains Wilderness , and the Sleeping Giant Wilderness Study Area . There are abundant numbers of bald eagles , bighorn sheep , elk , falcons , golden eagles , hawks , mountain goats , osprey , and pelicans in the area. Meriwether Lewis first identified Lewis's woodpecker nearby. Birds of prey can routinely be seen plucking fish from Holter Lake and

5494-453: The water around the flashboards and allow their repair without lowering the level of the lake. The cost of using the cofferdams was $ 300,000. Twenty-one of the dam's 31 flashboards were replaced. In November 2001, citizens of Montana upset with energy price increases announced by PPL sought passage of a ballot initiative that would require the state of Montana to buy all of PPL's hydroelectric dams, including Holter Dam. Montana voters rejected

5576-405: The water, enhancing trout populations), a study of hatchery-raised rainbow trout survival rates in Holter Lake, and a study of walleye feeding habits below Holter Dam. Montana Power Company The Montana Power Company ( MPC ) was an electric utility company based in Butte, Montana , which provided electricity to Montana consumers and industry from 1912 to 1997. The Montana Power Company

5658-497: Was 2.48 and the average family size was 3.17. In the city, the population was spread out, with 28.4% under the age of eighteen, 11.4% from eighteen to twenty-four, 30.1% from twenty-five to forty-four, 19.1% from forty-five to sixty-four, and 10.9% who were sixty-five years of age or older. The median age was thirty-one years. For every one hundred females, there were 93.0 males. For every one hundred females who were aged eighteen or older, there were 88.0 males. The median income for

5740-465: Was an average of 3,700,000 acre-feet (4.6 km) per year. The wooden flashboards of Holter Dam were replaced in 1972. Montana Power shut down electrical generation at Holter Dam in 1984 after a forest fire destroyed a 100,000- volt electric power transmission line. In June 1999, Montana Power proposed lowering the level of Holter Lake by 16 feet (4.9 m) for six weeks so that the flashboards could be repaired and replaced. Public criticism of

5822-572: Was capable of generating 40,000 kilowatts of power. Aside from the powerhouse and water intakes, the dam has three sections: a central section where water is permitted to flow over the dam, and a left and right section anchored to the bedrock where water is not able to flow over the dam. The dam incorporated flashboards into the crest of the dam to permit overflow. The dam has 31 flashboards, each of them 16 feet (4.9 m) high. As of 1994, Holter Dam, its powerhouse, its nearby operator housing and abandoned construction camp, its railroad switchyard, and

5904-434: Was expected to be 1,350 feet (410 m) long and 110 feet (34 m) high, but ended up being slightly larger. At the time, Holter was the tallest hydroelectric dam on the Missouri River. The penstocks are 24 to 32 feet (7.3 to 9.8 m) below the water level when the reservoir is full. The dam had four vertical single-runner 15,000- horsepower water turbines , seven main electrical generators and three exciters , and

5986-501: Was founded in 1912 by John D. Ryan , then president of Anaconda Copper Mining Company , as a consolidation of several hydroelectric plants in Montana. In the 1960s there was a split, culminating in Anaconda Co. resisting an MPC rate hike. In 1959 MPC bought coal mining rights at Colstrip, Montana , with plans to develop coal-fired electrical generation plants there. After developing four plants, MPC sold its Colstrip power plants in

6068-633: Was halted in late 1910 after only part of the foundation had been poured. Hauser sold his interest in United Missouri River Power to Ryan, who on October 25, 1912, merged United Missouri River Power with the Butte Electric and Power Company, Billings and Eastern Montana Power Company, and Madison River Power Company to form the Montana Power Company. Montana Power took over not only United Missouri's Canyon Ferry Dam and Hauser Dam but

6150-552: Was involved in one of the city's first known automobile accidents. Another model was driven to San Francisco and back during roughly one month to prove its reliability several years prior to the creation of the Lincoln Highway which ran through town, connecting New York City and San Francisco. The York area had also been home for more than 100 hundred years to the Pfaltzgraff company, which built its first pottery factory in

6232-556: Was killed in the explosion, which occurred during a shift change. The Stauffer Biscuit Company, owned by Meiji Seika of Japan since February 2004, which was previously based in York, produced animal crackers since 1871; it is currently based in Spring Garden Township . Just north of York in East Manchester Township is one of only four Starbucks roasting facilities in the world. The York area also boasts

6314-718: Was relicensed by the federal government in 1997. Until that year, a steering committee composed of state fish and wildlife experts, the Montana Power Company, the United States Bureau of Reclamation , the United States Forest Service , and representatives of agricultural irrigators and sportsmen managed Holter Dam to optimize recreation and to minimize negative impacts on fish and wildlife. The dam's owners were required to conduct an environmental impact statement as part of their 1997 relicensure, however. This document led to new guidelines, adopted by PPL, which requires

6396-662: Was sent by the group to oversee the factory and his family presided over the factory for multiple generations. Dentsply Sirona is a NASDAQ listed company, and internationally known throughout the dentistry business. York Barbell , which is located in Manchester Township , is a reseller of barbells and other equipment for weight training and bodybuilding , and is the home of the USA Weightlifting Hall of Fame. A large Harley-Davidson motorcycle factory, which employs roughly half of Harley's production workforce,

6478-652: Was taken down in 1898 to make room for the third courthouse. Historic sites include the 1741 Golden Plough Tavern , the 1751 General Horatio Gates House , the 1766 York Meetinghouse , the 1863 Billmeyer House , the 1888 York Central Market , and the 1907 Moorish Revival Temple Beth Israel . Other notable buildings include the Laurel-Rex Fire Company House , Forry House , Farmers Market , Barnett Bobb House , Cookes House , United Cigar Manufacturing Company building , Stevens School , York Dispatch Newspaper Offices , and York Armory . The city

6560-404: Was the consulting engineer for Main. The major change implemented by Main and Herrick was to install vertical rather than horizontal turbines, although some changes were made to the wastewater system and the dam's downstream face. Stone & Webster continued to be the construction company, and more than 500 men worked on the project. The S. Morgan Smith Company of York, Pennsylvania , designed

6642-495: Was the home of dental equipment and false teeth giant Dentsply Sirona until the company moved its headquarters to Charlotte, North Carolina in 2019. Though founded in New York by four men, the company moved its headquarters to the site of its factory in the 1900s, where it was run by one of the four founders, George H. Whiteley. Whiteley was an experienced ceramist who was familiar with the process of making artificial teeth. Whiteley

6724-589: Was the site of the 1949 Mann Gulch fire , which claimed the lives of 13 smokejumpers . The incident is the subject of author Norman Maclean 's book Young Men and Fire . Today, Mann Gulch is most commonly reached by boat. As of 2010, Holter Dam had a 50 megawatt generating capacity. The long-term median flow over and through Holter Dam as of 2005 was 7,610 cubic foot (215 m) per second. Flows into Holter Lake and over Holter Dam are generally considered to be controlled by flows from Canyon Ferry Dam. The total annual discharge from Holter Dam between 1929 and 1988

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