A ship of the line was a type of naval warship constructed during the Age of Sail from the 17th century to the mid-19th century. The ship of the line was designed for the naval tactic known as the line of battle , which involved the two columns of opposing warships manoeuvering to volley fire with the cannons along their broadsides . In conflicts where opposing ships were both able to fire from their broadsides, the faction with more cannons firing – and therefore more firepower – typically had an advantage.
70-702: Holsteen was a 60-gun ship of the line in the Royal Dano-Norwegian Navy . She was commissioned in 1775 and the British Royal Navy captured her in the Battle at Copenhagen Roads on 2 April 1801. The British renamed the ship HMS Holstein , and later HMS Nassau . She participated in one major battle during the Gunboat War and was sold in 1814. Holsteen was the name ship of her class of three vessels. The Danish naval builder, Frederik Michael Krabbe ,
140-499: A Blackwall Frigate was built for the trade as the need to carry heavy armaments declined. East Indiamen vessels carried both passengers and goods, and were armed to defend themselves against pirates. Initially, the East Indiamen were built to carry as much cargo as possible, rather than for speed of sailing. The British East India Company had a monopoly on trade with India and China , supporting that design. East Indiamen were
210-498: A battle involving chasing or manoeuvring. The 74 remained the favoured ship until 1811, when Seppings's method of construction enabled bigger ships to be built with more stability. In a few ships the design was altered long after the ship was launched and in service. In the Royal Navy, smaller two-deck 74- or 64-gun ships of the line that could not be used safely in fleet actions had their upper decks removed (or razeed ), resulting in
280-670: A cost of £22,022. She was renamed Nassau and commissioned in September under Captain Robert Campbell, for the North Sea. On 18 April 1806, Nassau was in company with Majestic , Agincourt , Dictator , Orpheus , Sparrow , and the hired armed cutter Florence captured the Prussian galliot Jonge Bartels . Five days later Nassau captured the Vissery . Then, a little more than
350-448: A few notable exceptions, they were of little use in naval battles. King Erik XIV of Sweden initiated construction of the ship Mars in 1563; this might have been the first attempt of this battle tactic, roughly 50 years ahead of widespread adoption of the line of battle strategy. Mars was likely the largest ship in the world at the time of her build, equipped with 107 guns at a full-length of 96 metres (315 ft). Mars became
420-486: A reduced [sailing] rig rather than none at all, to make them sea-going ships.… The blockships were to be a cost-effective experiment of great value." They subsequently gave good service in the Crimean War . The French Navy , however, developed the first purpose-built steam battleship with the 90-gun Napoléon in 1850. She is also considered the first true steam battleship, and the first screw battleship ever. Napoléon
490-461: A strange sail. Nassau sent her boats in chase and after two hours they were able to capture the French privateer lugger Jean Bart of Saint Malo . She was armed with four guns and had a crew of 25 men under the command of Enseigne de vaisseau Louis Ollivier Pilvesse. She was five days out of the Île de Batz and had made no captures. Nassau was laid up at Chatham in September 1809. In March of
560-489: A very stout, single-gun-deck warship called a razee . The resulting razeed ship could be classed as a frigate and was still much stronger. The most successful razeed ship in the Royal Navy was HMS Indefatigable , commanded by Sir Edward Pellew . The Spanish ship Nuestra Señora de la Santísima Trinidad , was a Spanish first-rate ship of the line with 112 guns. This was increased in 1795–96 to 130 guns by closing in
630-499: A week later, on 2 May, Nassau and Stately captured the Nicholai and Martha . Several other British warships shared in the proceeds of the prize. Between May and June 1807 she escorted a convoy to Madeira. In the late summer of 1807 she returned to Copenhagen where she participated in the second Battle of Copenhagen . After the surrender of the Danish fleet, Nassau , on 21 October 1807,
700-671: Is presently on display at the Vasa Museum in Stockholm, Sweden . At the time she was the largest Swedish warship ever built. Today the Vasa Museum is the most visited museum in Sweden. The last ship-of-the-line afloat was the French ship Duguay-Trouin , renamed HMS Implacable after being captured by the British, which survived until 1949. The last ship-of-the-line to be sunk by enemy action
770-596: Is used to refer to vessels belonging to the Austrian , Danish , Dutch , British , French , Portuguese or Swedish East India companies . Some of the East Indiamen chartered by the British East India Company (EIC) were known as clippers . The EIC held a monopoly granted to it by Elizabeth I in 1600 for all English trade between the Cape of Good Hope and Cape Horn . This grant was progressively restricted during
SECTION 10
#1733086310868840-491: The Dublin and Bellona classes. Their successors gradually improved handling and size through the 1780s. Other navies ended up building 74s also as they had the right balance between offensive power, cost, and manoeuvrability. Eventually around half of Britain's ships of the line were 74s. Larger vessels were still built, as command ships, but they were more useful only if they could definitely get close to an enemy, rather than in
910-437: The Battle of Pulo Aura . Due to the need to carry heavy cannon, the hull of the East Indiamen – in common with most warships of the time – was much wider at the waterline than at the upper deck, so that guns carried on the upper deck were closer to the centre-line to aid stability. This is known as tumblehome . The ships normally had two complete decks for accommodation within the hull and a raised poop deck . The poop deck and
980-633: The Battle of the Solent against Francis I of France in 1545 (in which Mary Rose sank) but appears to have been more of a diplomatic vessel, sailing on occasion with sails of gold cloth. Indeed, the great ships were almost as well known for their ornamental design (some ships, like the Vasa , were gilded on their stern scrollwork ) as they were for the power they possessed. Carracks fitted for war carried large- calibre guns aboard. Because of their higher freeboard and greater load-bearing ability, this type of vessel
1050-475: The Battle of the Solent , 19 July 1545. Henri Grâce à Dieu (English: "Henry Grace of God"), nicknamed " Great Harry ", was another early English carrack. Contemporary with Mary Rose , Henri Grâce à Dieu was 50 metres (160 ft) long, measuring 1,000–1,500 tons burthen and having a complement of 700–1,000. She was ordered by Henry VIII in response to the Scottish ship Michael , launched in 1511. She
1120-526: The East India Company 's merchant vessels became lightly armed and quite competent in combat during this period, operating a convoy system under an armed merchantman, instead of depending on small numbers of more heavily armed ships which while effective, slowed the flow of commerce. The only original ship of the line remaining today is HMS Victory , preserved as a museum in Portsmouth to appear as she
1190-495: The English Channel as a "steam bridge", rather than a barrier to French invasion. It was partly because of the fear of war with France that the Royal Navy converted several old 74-gun ships of the line into 60-gun steam-powered blockships (following the model of Fulton 's Demologos ), starting in 1845. The blockships were "originally conceived as steam batteries solely for harbour defence, but in September 1845 they were given
1260-588: The Gold Coast , and Cape Town . On her return in July 1780, under command of Ulrik Christian Kaas , she performed guardship duties in Øresund, off Copenhagen until 24 October 1780. From 1782 until 1783, Holsteen sailed with the Neutrality Squadron. She was a member of a squadron from June to October 1794 in Øresund and the following year in 1795, sailed with a squadron in Øresund and the North Sea. In 1801, she
1330-675: The Imperial Naval Arsenal on the Golden Horn in Istanbul , was for many years the largest warship in the world. The 76.15 m × 21.22 m (249.8 ft × 69.6 ft) ship of the line was armed with 128 cannons on three decks and was manned by 1,280 sailors. She participated in the Siege of Sevastopol (1854–1855) during the Crimean War (1854–1856) . She was decommissioned in 1874. The second largest sailing three-decker ship of
1400-613: The cog of the North Sea and galley of the Mediterranean Sea . The cogs, which traded in the North Sea , in the Baltic Sea and along the Atlantic coasts, had an advantage over galleys in battle because they had raised platforms called "castles" at bow and stern that archers could occupy to fire down on enemy ships or even to drop heavy weights from. At the bow, for instance, the castle
1470-541: The spar deck between the quarterdeck and forecastle , and around 1802 to 140 guns, thus creating what was in effect a continuous fourth gundeck although the extra guns added were actually relatively small. She was the heaviest-armed ship in the world when rebuilt, and bore the most guns of any ship of the line outfitted in the Age of Sail . Mahmudiye (1829), ordered by the Ottoman Sultan Mahmud II and built by
SECTION 20
#17330863108681540-465: The 16th century, the medieval forecastle was no longer needed, and later ships such as the galleon had only a low, one-deck-high forecastle. By the time of the 1637 launching of England's Sovereign of the Seas , the forecastle had disappeared altogether. During the 16th century the galleon evolved from the carrack. It was a narrower ship, with a much reduced forecastle, and was much more manoeuvrable than
1610-411: The 17th century fleets could consist of almost a hundred ships of various sizes, but by the middle of the 18th century, ship-of-the-line design had settled on a few standard types: older two-deckers (i.e., with two complete decks of guns firing through side ports) of 50 guns (which were too weak for the battle line but could be used to escort convoys ), two-deckers of between 64 and 90 guns that formed
1680-412: The 17th century every major European naval power was building ships like these. With the growing importance of colonies and exploration and the need to maintain trade routes across stormy oceans, galleys and galleasses (a larger, higher type of galley with side-mounted guns, but lower than a galleon) were used less and less, and only in ever more restricted purposes and areas, so that by about 1750, with
1750-480: The 1820s a number of navies experimented with paddle steamer warships. Their use spread in the 1830s, with paddle-steamer warships participating in conflicts like the First Opium War alongside ships of the line and frigates. Paddle steamers, however, had major disadvantages. The paddle wheel above the waterline was exposed to enemy fire, while itself preventing the ship from firing broadsides effectively. During
1820-476: The 1840s, the screw propeller emerged as the most likely method of steam propulsion, with both Britain and the US launching screw-propelled warships in 1843. Through the 1840s, the British and French navies launched ever larger and more powerful screw ships, alongside sail-powered ships of the line. In 1845, Viscount Palmerston gave an indication of the role of the new steamships in tense Anglo-French relations, describing
1890-604: The Admiralty awarded the Naval General Service Medal with clasps "Stately 22 March 1808" and "Nassau 22 March 1808" to any still surviving crew members of those vessels that chose to claim them. On 19 April 1808 Stately and Nassau captured the Danish ships Industrie and Haabet Anker . On the morning of 1 September 1809, Nassau was escorting a convoy of East Indiamen in the English Channel when she sighted
1960-450: The British chose to keep. All the rest they viewed as little more than floating batteries. She transported the wounded and sailed in company with Monarch and Isis , which too carried wounded. She arrived at Yarmouth on 22 April and was laid up there in ordinary until July 1802. Then Holstein transferred to Chatham on 16 October 1802 and was laid up there. Between March and September 1805 Perry & Co. , Blackwell, repaired her at
2030-470: The British, along with other ships, including warships. Notable among them were Surat Castle (1791), a 1,000-ton (bm) ship with a crew of 150, Lowjee Family , of 800 tons (bm) and a crew of 125, and Shampinder (1802), of 1,300 tons (bm). Another significant East Indiaman in this period was the 1176-ton (bm) Warley that John Perry built at his Blackwall Yard in 1788, and which the Royal Navy bought in 1795 and renamed HMS Calcutta . In 1803 she
2100-521: The Napoleonic Wars in 1815 with the largest and most professional navy in the world, composed of hundreds of wooden, sail-powered ships of all sizes and classes. Overwhelming firepower was of no use if it could not be brought to bear which was not always possible against the smaller leaner ships used by Napoleon's privateers, operating from French New World territories. The Royal Navy compensated by deploying numerous Bermuda sloops . Similarly, many of
2170-676: The Royal Navy's dominance at sea proved a colossal failure. During the Napoleonic Wars , Britain defeated French and allied fleets decisively all over the world including in the Caribbean at the Battle of Cape St. Vincent , the Bay of Aboukir off the Egyptian coast at the Battle of the Nile in 1798, near Spain at the Battle of Trafalgar in 1805, and in the second Battle of Copenhagen (1807) . The UK emerged from
HDMS Holsteen - Misplaced Pages Continue
2240-638: The Russian Black Sea Fleet destroyed seven Ottoman frigates and three corvettes with explosive shells at the Battle of Sinop in 1853. In the 1860s unarmoured steam line-of-battle ships were replaced by ironclad warships . In the American Civil War , on March 8, 1862, during the first day of the Battle of Hampton Roads , two unarmoured Union wooden frigates were sunk and destroyed by the Confederate ironclad CSS Virginia . However,
2310-484: The United Kingdom built 18 and converted 41. In the end, France and Britain were the only two countries to develop fleets of wooden steam screw battleships, although several other navies made some use of a mixture of screw battleships and paddle-steamer frigates. These included Russia, Turkey , Sweden , Naples , Prussia , Denmark , and Austria . In the Crimean War , six line-of-battle ships and two frigates of
2380-549: The carrack. It was particularly favored from an early date by the Spanish for their trans-Atlantic trade . The main ships of the English and Spanish fleets in the Battle of Gravelines of 1588 were galleons; all of the English and most of the Spanish galleons survived the battle and the great storm on the voyage home, even though the Spanish galleons had suffered the heaviest attacks from the English while regrouping their scattered fleet. By
2450-414: The castles fore and aft was reduced, now that hand-to-hand combat was less essential. The need to manoeuvre in battle made the top weight of the castles more of a disadvantage. So they shrank, making the ship of the line lighter and more manoeuvrable than its forebears for the same combat power. As an added consequence, the hull itself grew larger, allowing the size and number of guns to increase as well. In
2520-463: The confusion for military ships seeking merchant ships as prizes of war. In some cases the East Indiamen successfully fought off attacks by the French. One of the most celebrated of these incidents occurred in 1804, when a fleet of East Indiamen and other merchant vessels under Commodore Nathaniel Dance successfully fought off a marauding squadron commanded by Admiral Linois in the Indian Ocean in
2590-403: The deck below it were lit with square-windowed galleries at the stern. To support the weight of the galleries, the hull lines towards the stern were full. Later ships built without this feature tended to sail faster, which put the East Indiamen at a commercial disadvantage once the need for heavy armament passed. According to historian Fernand Braudel , some of the finest and largest Indiamen of
2660-639: The desire to build such large armed ships for commercial use waned, and during the late 1830s a smaller, faster ship known as a Blackwall Frigate was built for the premium end of the India and China trades. The last of the East Indiamen was reputed to be the Java (1813–1939) that became a coal hulk, then was broken up. A ship named Lalla Rookh , involved in an incident in November 1850 off Worthing , West Sussex , in which many local men died after their rescue boat capsized,
2730-495: The first ship to be sunk by gunfire from other ships in a naval battle. In the early to mid-17th century, several navies, particularly those of the Netherlands and England, began to use new fighting techniques. Previously battles had usually been fought by great fleets of ships closing with each other and fighting in whatever arrangement they found themselves in, often boarding enemy vessels as opportunities presented themselves. As
2800-690: The fleets of the Royal Navy , the Netherlands , France , Spain and Portugal fought numerous battles. In the Baltic , the Scandinavian kingdoms and Russia did likewise, while in the Mediterranean Sea , the Ottoman Empire , Spain, France, Britain and the various Barbary pirates battled. By the eighteenth century, the UK had established itself as the world's preeminent naval power. Attempts by Napoleon to challenge
2870-523: The gundeck, while the new French 74s were around 52 metres (171 ft). In 1747 the British captured a few of these French ships during the War of Austrian Succession . In the next decade Thomas Slade (Surveyor of the Navy from 1755, along with co-Surveyor William Bately) broke away from the past and designed several new classes of 51-to-52-metre (167 to 171 ft) 74s to compete with these French designs, starting with
HDMS Holsteen - Misplaced Pages Continue
2940-636: The largest merchant ships regularly built during the late 18th and early 19th centuries, generally measuring between 1100 and 1400 tons burthen (bm) . Two of the largest were the Earl of Mansfield and Lascelles being built at Deptford in 1795. The Royal Navy purchased both, converted them to 56-gun fourth rates , and renamed them Weymouth and Madras respectively. They measured 1426 tons (bm) on dimensions of approximately 175 feet overall length of hull, 144 feet keel, 43 feet beam, 17 feet draft. In England, Queen Elizabeth I granted an exclusive right to
3010-472: The late 18th and early 19th centuries were built in India, making use of Indian shipbuilding techniques and crewed by Indians, their hulls of Indian teak being especially suitable for local waters. These ships were used for the China run. Until the coming of steamships, these Indian-built ships were relied upon almost exclusively by the British in the eastern seas. Many hundreds of Indian-built Indiamen were built for
3080-562: The late 18th and early 19th centuries, until the monopoly was lost in 1834. EIC East Indiamen usually ran between Britain, the Cape of Good Hope and India, where their primary destinations were the ports of Bombay , Madras and Calcutta . EIC East Indiamen often continued on to China before returning to England via the Cape of Good Hope and Saint Helena . When the EIC lost its monopoly, the ships of this design were sold off. A smaller, faster ship known as
3150-502: The line ever built in the West and the biggest French ship of the line was the Valmy , launched in 1847. She had vertical sides, which increased significantly the space available for upper batteries, but reduced the stability of the ship; wooden stabilisers were added under the waterline to address the issue. Valmy was thought to be the largest sort of sailing ship possible, as larger dimensions made
3220-471: The line was the "74" (named for its 74 guns), originally developed by France in the 1730s, and later adopted by all battleship navies. Until this time the British had 6 sizes of ship of the line, and they found that their smaller 50- and 60-gun ships were becoming too small for the battle line, while their 80s and over were three-deckers and therefore unwieldy and unstable in heavy seas. Their best were 70-gun three-deckers of about 46 metres (151 ft) long on
3290-409: The main part of the fleet, and larger three - or even four-deckers with 98 to 140 guns that served as admirals' command ships. Fleets consisting of perhaps 10 to 25 of these ships, with their attendant supply ships and scouting and messenger frigates , kept control of the sea lanes for major European naval powers whilst restricting the sea-borne trade of enemies. The most common size of sail ship of
3360-515: The manoeuvre of riggings impractical with mere manpower. She participated in the Crimean War, and after her return to France later housed the French Naval Academy under the name Borda from 1864 to 1890. The first major change to the ship-of-the-line concept was the introduction of steam power as an auxiliary propulsion system. The first military uses of steamships came in the 1810s, and in
3430-625: The mid-19th century. Some other languages did keep the name however; the Imperial German Navy called its battleships Linienschiffe until World War I . The heavily armed carrack , first developed in Portugal for either trade or war in the Atlantic Ocean , was the precursor of the ship of the line . Other maritime European states quickly adopted it in the late 15th and early 16th centuries. These vessels were developed by fusing aspects of
3500-476: The next year she was commissioned as a prison ship under the command of Lieutenant William Field. He commanded her until she was sold for £2,510 on 3 November 1814. Ship of the line From the end of the 1840s, the introduction of steam power brought less dependence on the wind in battle and led to the construction of screw-driven wooden-hulled ships of the line; a number of purely sail -powered ships were converted to this propulsion mechanism. However,
3570-530: The order for battle, there was established the distinction between the ships 'of the line', alone destined for a place therein, and the lighter ships meant for other uses. The lighter ships were used for various functions, including acting as scouts, and relaying signals between the flagship and the rest of the fleet. This was necessary because from the flagship, only a small part of the line would be in clear sight. The adoption of line-of-battle tactics had consequences for ship design. The height advantage given by
SECTION 50
#17330863108683640-477: The power implied by the ship of the line would find its way into the ironclad, which would develop during the next few decades into the concept of the battleship . Several navies still use terms equivalent to the "ship of the line" for battleships, including the German ( Linienschiff ) and Russian ( lineyniy korabl` (лине́йный кора́бль) or linkor (линкор) in short) navies. In the North Sea and Atlantic Ocean ,
3710-451: The rise of the ironclad frigate , starting in 1859, made steam-assisted ships of the line obsolete. The ironclad warship became the ancestor of the 20th-century battleship , whose very designation is itself a contraction of the phrase "ship of the line of battle" or, more colloquially, "battleship of the line". The term "ship of the line" fell into disuse except in historical contexts, after warships and naval tactics evolved and changed from
3780-406: The ships remaining in line for mutual protection. In order that this order of battle, this long thin line of guns, may not be injured or broken at some point weaker than the rest, there is at the same time felt the necessity of putting in it only ships which, if not of equal force, have at least equally strong sides. Logically it follows, at the same moment in which the line ahead became definitively
3850-717: The trade to the East India Company in 1600, a monopoly which lasted until 1834. The company grew to encompass more than the trade between England and India, but the ships described in this article are the type used in the 17th to the early 19th centuries to carry the trade. During the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars , East Indiamen were often painted to resemble warships; an attacker could not be sure if gunports were real or merely paint, and some Indiamen carried sizable armaments. The Royal Navy acquired several East Indiamen, turning them into fourth rates (e.g., HMS Weymouth and HMS Madras , described above), maintaining
3920-426: The use of broadsides (coordinated fire by the battery of cannon on one side of a warship ) became increasingly dominant in battle, tactics changed. The evolving line-of-battle tactic, first used in an ad hoc way, required ships to form single-file lines and close with the enemy fleet on the same tack, battering the enemy fleet until one side had had enough and retreated. Any manoeuvres would be carried out with
3990-513: Was HMS Wellesley , which was sunk by an air raid in 1940, during the Second World War ; she was briefly re-floated in 1948 before being broken up. East Indiaman East Indiaman was a general name for any merchant ship operating under charter or licence to any of the East India companies of the major European trading powers of the 17th through the 19th centuries. The term
4060-592: Was armed as a conventional ship of the line, but her steam engines could give her a speed of 12 knots (22 km/h; 14 mph), regardless of the wind conditions – a potentially decisive advantage in a naval engagement. Eight sister ships to Napoléon were built in France over a period of ten years, but the United Kingdom soon took the lead in production, in number of both purpose-built and converted units. Altogether, France built 10 new wooden steam battleships and converted 28 from older battleship units, while
4130-493: Was better suited than the galley to wield gunpowder weapons. Because of their development for conditions in the Atlantic , these ships were more weatherly than galleys and better suited to open waters. The lack of oars meant that large crews were unnecessary, making long journeys more feasible. Their disadvantage was that they were entirely reliant on the wind for mobility. Galleys could still overwhelm great ships, especially when there
4200-453: Was called the forecastle (usually contracted as fo'c'sle or fo'c's'le, and pronounced FOHK-səl). Over time these castles became higher and larger, and eventually were built into the structure of the ship, increasing overall strength. This aspect of the cog remained in the newer-style carrack designs and proved its worth in battles like that at Diu in 1509 . The Mary Rose was an early 16th-century English carrack or " great ship ". She
4270-463: Was described as an East Indiaman bringing sugar and rum from Pernambuco , Brazil. Several East Indiamen have been reconstructed in recent decades. Some of these are (semi) permanently moored and can be visited as part of a museum collection. The 2018 video game Return of the Obra Dinn features an East Indiaman as the fictional title vessel, with gameplay requiring players to thoroughly explore
SECTION 60
#17330863108684340-627: Was employed as a transport to establish a settlement at Port Phillip in Australia, later shifted to the site of current-day Hobart , Tasmania by an accompanying ship, the Ocean . French forces captured Calcutta in 1805 off the Isles of Scilly . She grounded at the Battle of the Basque Roads in 1809, and was burned by a British boarding party after her French crew had abandoned her. The 1200-ton (bm) Arniston
4410-425: Was equipped as a blockship and took part in the Battle of Copenhagen on 2 April 1801 where she took her place towards the northern end of the defensive line between Infødstretten and Søhesten . For a short time Holsteen served as the flagship . About 14:15 her captain was forced to strike to the British. On 12 April, the British sent Holstein back to Britain. She was the only one of the ships-of-the-line that
4480-406: Was heavily armed with 78 guns and 91 after an upgrade in the 1530s. Built in Portsmouth in 1510–1512, she was one of the earliest purpose-built men-of-war in the English navy. She was over 500 tons burthen and had a keel of over 32 metres (105 ft) and a crew of over 200 sailors, composed of 185 soldiers and 30 gunners. Although the pride of the English fleet, she accidentally sank during
4550-469: Was likewise employed by the Royal Navy as a troop transport between England and Ceylon . In 1815, she was wrecked near Cape Agulhas with the loss of 372 lives after a navigation error that was caused by inaccurate dead reckoning and the lack of a marine chronometer with which to calculate her longitude . With the progressive restriction of the monopoly of the British East India Company
4620-406: Was little wind and they had a numerical advantage, but as great ships increased in size, galleys became less and less useful. Another detriment was the high forecastle , which interfered with the sailing qualities of the ship; the bow would be forced low into the water while sailing before the wind. But as guns were introduced and gunfire replaced boarding as the primary means of naval combat during
4690-513: Was one of the vessels that escorted the surrendered Danish ships from Holmen to Kronborg . She then remained in Danish waters until February 1809. On 22 March 1808 Nassau and the 64-gun Stately destroyed the last Danish ship of the line, HDMS Prinds Christian Frederik , commanded by Captain Carl Wilhelm Jessen , in a battle at Zealand Point . The battle cost Nassau one man killed, one man missing, and 16 men wounded. In 1847
4760-457: Was originally built at Woolwich Dockyard from 1512 to 1514 and was one of the first vessels to feature gunports and had twenty of the new heavy bronze cannon , allowing for a broadside . In all, she mounted 43 heavy guns and 141 light guns. She was the first English two-decker , and when launched she was the largest and most powerful warship in Europe, but she saw little action. She was present at
4830-514: Was the chief designer and builder for the Danish navy. She was a foot narrower than the otherwise identical Oldenborg -class vessels. In 1775, Holsteen fitted out during a voyage to Norway, where she was used as a command ship for the ships laid up in Trosvik (near the mouth of the Oslo Fjord), before she returned to Copenhagen in 1776. From 25 May 1776 to 16 July 1780, Holsteen sailed to Lisbon ,
4900-407: Was while under Admiral Horatio Nelson at the Battle of Trafalgar in 1805. Although Victory has been in dry dock since the 1920s, she is still a fully commissioned warship in the Royal Navy and is the oldest commissioned warship in any navy worldwide. Regalskeppet Vasa sank in lake Mälaren in 1628 and was lost until 1956. She was then raised intact, in remarkably good condition, in 1961 and
#867132