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103-566: Despite several claims of a recent invention, numerous variants of the song exist with similar dances and lyrics dating back to the 19th century. One of the earlier variants, with a very similar dance to the modern one, is found in Robert Chambers ' Popular Rhymes of Scotland from 1842. The words there are given as: Fal de ral la, fal de ral la: Hinkumbooby, round about; Right hands in, and left hands out, Hinkumbooby, round about; Fal de ral la, fal de ral la. A later variant of this song

206-536: A West Yorkshire derby even if the rivalry is not as great as other rivalries between teams in the area. The main rugby union club in the county is Yorkshire Carnegie . Elland Road is the largest stadium in the area, hosting Leeds United . The Headingley Stadium , a stadium complex also in Leeds , consists of a cricket and a rugby ground. The cricket ground is home of the Yorkshire County Cricket Club and

309-608: A bookstall-keeper on Leith Walk . At first, his entire stock consisted of some old books belonging to his father, amounting to thirteen feet of shelf space and worth no more than a few pounds. By the end of the first year the value of his stock went up to twelve pounds, and modest success came gradually. While Robert built up a business, his brother William expanded his own by purchasing a home-made printing press and publishing pamphlets as well as creating his own type. Soon afterwards, Robert and William decided to join forces—with Robert writing and William printing. Their first joint venture

412-546: A candidate for the administrative position of Lord Provost of Edinburgh. The timing was especially poor, with others seeking any means possible to try and discredit his character. His adversaries found the perfect opportunity to do so in the swirling allegations that he was the author of the much reviled Vestiges . William Chambers, in his Memoir of Robert Chambers , still sworn to secrecy despite his brother's recent passing, makes his only mention of Vestiges in connection with this affair: "(Robert) might have been well assured that

515-426: A chest in the attic. He eagerly read this for many years. Near the end of his life, Chambers remembered feeling "a profound thankfulness that such a convenient collection of human knowledge existed, and that here it was spread out like a well-plenished table before me." Robert's older brother, William, later recalled that for Robert, "the acquisition of knowledge was with him the highest of earthly enjoyments." Robert

618-526: A commercial recording by Tatiana (singer) as "Hockey-Pockey". In the North Island, the dance is usually known as the "hokey tokey", or the "hokey cokey" because hokey pokey is the usual term for honeycomb toffee . In the South Island it's just The Hokey Pokey. Known as the "hokey cokey" or the "hokey kokey", the song and accompanying dance peaked in popularity as a music hall song and novelty dance in

721-409: A cotton manufacturer. He was their second son of six children. The town had changed little in centuries. The town had old and new parts, each consisting of little more than a single street. Peebles was mainly inhabited by weavers and labourers living in thatched cottages. His father, James Chambers, made his living as a cotton manufacturer. Their slate-roofed house was built by James Chambers' father as

824-620: A geographic frame of reference. Since 1 April 2014, West Yorkshire has been a combined authority area, with the local authorities pooling some functions over transport and regeneration as the West Yorkshire Combined Authority . The first Mayor of West Yorkshire , Tracy Brabin , was elected on 6 May 2021, following a devolution deal announced by the government in the March 2020 budget . The conurbation of Bradford, Dewsbury, Halifax, Huddersfield, Leeds and Wakefield makes up

927-414: A little smokey And you burn down the town That's what it's all about Heil! Aah, Himmler Himmler Himmler— Robert Chambers (journalist) Robert Chambers FRSE FGS ( / ˈ tʃ eɪ m b ər z / ; 10 July 1802 – 17 March 1871) was a Scottish publisher, geologist, evolutionary thinker, author and journal editor who, like his elder brother and business partner William Chambers ,

1030-406: A lump. Have a lick make you jump". A well-known lyricist/songwriter/music publisher of the time, Jimmy Kennedy , reneged on a financial agreement to promote and publish it, and finally Tabor settled out of court, giving up all rights to the number. In 2008, an Anglican cleric, Canon Matthew Damon, provost of Wakefield Cathedral , West Yorkshire , claimed that the dance movements were a parody of

1133-614: A marked resemblance to the modern song Looby (or Loopty) Loo , and the songs have been described as having a common origin. In the book Charming Talks about People and Places , published around 1900, there is a song with music entitled "Turn The Right Hand In" (page 163). It has nine verses, which run as: "Turn the right hand in, turn the right hand out, give your hands a very good shake, and turn your body around". Additional verses include v2. left hand...; v3. both hands...; v4. right foot...; v5. left foot...; v6. both feet...; v7. right cheek...; v8. left cheek...; and, v9. both cheeks... The tune

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1236-540: A number of French prisoners of war on parole who were stationed in Peebles. Unfortunately, James Chambers lent these exiles a large amount of credit, and when they were abruptly transferred away he was forced to declare bankruptcy. The family moved to Edinburgh in 1813. Robert continued his education at the High School , and William became a bookseller's apprentice. In 1818 Robert, at sixteen years old, began his own business as

1339-643: A recognised financial centre, with many banks , building societies and insurance companies having offices in the city. Wakefield has also attracted many service-based industries, in particular call centres . Two of the big four supermarkets are from West Yorkshire. Morrisons is based in Bradford, while Asda is based in Leeds. West Yorkshire grew up around several industries. Wakefield, Castleford, Pontefract and South and East Leeds were traditional coal mining areas. Bradford , Halifax and Huddersfield grew through

1442-542: A rumor to the effect that he was the author of 'Vestiges of the Natural History of Creation' would be used to his disadvantage, and that anything he might say on the subject would be unavailing." Robert withdrew his candidacy in disgust. In 1851 Chambers was one of a group of writers who joined the publisher John Chapman in reinvigorating the Westminster Review as a flagship of free thought and reform, spreading

1545-470: A wedding gift for his son, and the ground floor served as the family workshop. A small circulating library in the town, run by Alexander Elder, introduced Robert to books and developed his literary interests when he was young. Occasionally his father would buy books for the family library, and one day Robert found a complete set of the fourth edition of the Encyclopædia Britannica hidden away in

1648-402: Is a little faster and louder, with the ultimate aim of making people chaotically run into each other in gleeful abandon. There is a final instruction set with "you put your whole self in, etc", cramming the centre of the dance floor. Often, the final chorus is sung twice, the second time even faster and the song ends with the joyous chant, ' aye tiddly aye tie, brown bread! '. The dance follows

1751-558: Is also a popular nightlife destination domestically, which is not surprising given its accessibility and central location. All cities are well connected via rail and road, Leeds railway station is an important hub seeing 29.7 million passengers 2015–16, making it the fourth busiest station in the UK after London stations, Birmingham New Street and Glasgow Central . It is the busiest in Northern England. Signposted walks follow rivers and

1854-547: Is also big in West Yorkshire. The teams who are, or have been, in the Super League are Bradford Bulls , Castleford Tigers , Halifax Panthers , Huddersfield Giants , Leeds Rhinos , and Wakefield Trinity . Other rugby league clubs in West Yorkshire include Batley Bulldogs , Dewsbury Rams , Featherstone Rovers , Hunslet Hawks and Keighley Cougars . Any combination of these teams playing against each other would be called

1957-809: Is also popular, as is the Bradford Alhambra , St Georges Hall and the Media and Science Museum in Bradford. Leeds is the most popular shopping destination in West Yorkshire, probably Yorkshire and rivals Manchester having claim to Briggate, the Headrow, Trinity Leeds , Victoria Gate, the Victoria and Northern Quarters, the biggest indoor market in Europe and the White Rose Centre , as well as many 'first outside of London' labels such as Harvey Nichols and Victoria's Secret . Leeds

2060-449: Is an elevated ridge with smoothly rolling scenery, dissected by dry valleys. Here, there is a large number of country houses and estates with parkland, estate woodlands, plantations and game coverts. The rivers Aire and Calder drain the area, flowing from west to east. Wakefield's Parish Church was raised to cathedral status in 1888 and after the elevation of Wakefield to diocese, Wakefield Council immediately sought city status and this

2163-462: Is followed by a chorus, entirely different from other parts of the world. There is either a caller, within or outside the group, or the instructions are called by the whole group – which can add to the confusion and is laughed off as part of the dance's charm and amusement. Whoa, the hokey cokey Whoa, the hokey cokey Whoa, the hokey cokey Knees bend, arms stretch, Rah, rah, rah! The first three lines of this chorus are sometimes rendered 'Whoa,

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2266-447: Is given: Can you dance looby, looby,   Can you dance looby, looby, Can you dance looby, looby,   All on a Friday night? You put your right foot in;   And then you take it out, And wag it, and wag it, and wag it,   Then turn and turn about. Here we go, Looby Loo. Here we go, Looby light. Here we go, Looby Loo. All on a Saturday night. Some early versions of this song thus show

2369-713: Is in the South Pennines , and contains a small part of the Peak District National Park . It is characterised by steep valleys and is the source of the River Calder , which flows past Wakefield before meeting the Aire , which flows through Leeds, near Castleford . The landscape becomes flatter in the east, and the county boundary is on the edge of the Vale of York . Remnants of strong coal, wool and iron ore industries remain in

2472-480: Is not the same as the later popular version of the Hokey Cokey, but the last verse of the lyrics is more similar as it states to "turn your body around". No author, composer or lyricist was credited there. In recent times various other claims about the origins of the song have arisen, but they are all contradicted by the evidence of the publication history. One of these accounts tells that in 1940, during The Blitz in

2575-523: Is possible that wants and the exercise of faculties have entered in some manner into the production of the phenomena which we have been considering; but certainly not in the way suggested by Lamarck, whose whole notion is obviously so inadequate to account for the rise of the organic kingdoms, that we only can place it with pity among the follies of the wise." Additionally, his work was far more sweeping in scope than any of his predecessors. "The book, as far as I am aware," he writes in his concluding chapter, "is

2678-622: Is the Shakers ' song "Hinkum-Booby", which had more similar lyrics to the modern song and was published in Edward Deming Andrews ' A gift to be simple in 1940: (page 42). A song rendered ("with appropriate gestures") by two sisters from Canterbury , England , United Kingdom , while on a visit in 1857 to Bridgewater, New Hampshire , United States , starts as an "English/Scottish ditty" in this way: I put my right hand in, I put my right hand out, In out, in out. shake it all about. As

2781-628: The Leeds Supertram was proposed but was later cancelled after the withdrawal of government funding. Public transport is run under the authority of West Yorkshire Metro . In October 2021, £830 million of funding was announced for the West Yorkshire Combined Authority to develop mass transit for the region. Additionally, the West Yorkshire Combined Authority won its bids for the Zero Emission Bus Regional Areas (ZEBRA) scheme and Bus Service Improvement Plan (BSIP) scheme,

2884-631: The Pendle district of Lancashire. The civil parish of Saddleworth in Oldham was the only part of West Riding of Yorkshire to be moved into the county of Greater Manchester. The villages in the parish border the towns of Huddersfield and Holmfirth . There is a strong identity debate with Saddleworth residents who still maintain close connections with Yorkshire including the Saddleworth White Rose Society. The West Yorkshire Act 1980 (c. xiv)

2987-547: The Second World War , when Nazi Germany was bombarding London , a Canadian officer suggested to Al Tabor , a British bandleader of the 1920s–1940s, that he could write a party song with moves similar to " Under the Spreading Chestnut Tree ". The inspiration for the song's title that resulted, "The Hokey Pokey", supposedly came from an ice cream vendor whom Tabor had heard as a boy, calling out "Hokey Pokey penny

3090-465: The Vale of York and Humberhead Levels in the east. Geologically, it lies almost entirely on rocks of carboniferous age which form the inner Southern Pennine fringes in the west and the Yorkshire coalfield further eastwards. In the extreme east of the metropolitan county there are younger deposits of Magnesian Limestone . Areas in the west such as Bradford and Calderdale are dominated by the scenery of

3193-622: The West Yorkshire Built-up Area , which is the fourth-largest in the United Kingdom and the largest within the historic county boundaries of Yorkshire . In Parliament, 13 out of 22 of West Yorkshire's MPs are Labour and 9 are Conservative. At local level, the councils are generally divided, apart from the Wakefield district, which has long been one of the safest Labour councils in the country. Some services are provided across

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3296-563: The West Yorkshire Police (governed by the West Yorkshire Police and Crime Commissioner ) continue to operate on this basis. Although the county council was abolished, West Yorkshire continues to form a metropolitan and ceremonial county with a Lord Lieutenant of West Yorkshire and a High Sheriff . West Yorkshire contains green belt interspersed throughout the county, surrounding the West Yorkshire Urban Area. It

3399-534: The West Yorkshire built-up area , which has a population of 1.78 million. The largest settlements are Leeds (516,298), Bradford (366,187), Huddersfield (162,949), and Wakefield (109,766). The west of the county is more rural. The county is governed by five metropolitan boroughs : City of Bradford , Calderdale , Kirklees , City of Leeds and City of Wakefield , which collaborate through West Yorkshire Combined Authority . The western part of West Yorkshire

3502-401: The book publishing firm of W. & R. Chambers Publishers . At the same time Robert ran a bookshop and circulating library from 48 Hanover Street with his younger brother, James Chambers. Meanwhile, William ran his shop from 47 Broughton Street. Robert at this time was living close to the shop, at 27 Elder Street (demolished in the 1960s to improve access to Edinburgh Bus Station). Among

3605-502: The "foul temptation" of speculation looking for a self-sustaining universe in a "mocking spirit of unbelief", showing a failure to understand the "modes of the Creator's acting" or to meet the responsibilities of a gentleman. Chambers denounced this as an attempt to stifle progressive opinion, but others thought he must have gone home "with the feeling of a martyr". Near the close of autumn 1848, Chambers allowed himself to be brought forward as

3708-602: The "hokey pokey", it became popular in the US in the 1950s. Its originator in the US is debatable: In 1953, Ray Anthony 's big band recording of the song turned it into a nationwide sensation. The distinctive vocal was by singer Jo Ann Greer , who simultaneously sang with the Les Brown band and dubbed the singing voices for such film stars as Rita Hayworth , Kim Novak , June Allyson , and Esther Williams . (She also charted with Anthony later

3811-527: The BBC television series Happy Valley were filmed in Huddersfield; in addition to exteriors, some of the studio filming was done at North Light Film Studios at Brookes Mill, Huddersfield. As well, interiors for the BBC's Jamaica Inn , for the BBC's Remember Me and for ITV series Black Work , were also filmed at the studios. More recently, many of the exteriors of the BBC series Jericho were filmed at

3914-543: The Cathedral burial ground in the interior of the old Church of St. Regulus, according to his wishes. The grave lies against the southern wall of the structure attaching the roofless section, east of the tower. A memorial window was also erected to Robert by his brother William in St Giles Cathedral next to a larger window to William himself, placed at the time of his restoration of the cathedral. The pair of windows lie in

4017-556: The Natural History of Creation to his wife, Anne Kirkwood, as he recuperated from depression at his holiday home in St Andrews . The composition of Vestiges may have served a therapeutic purpose. Chambers had been an enthusiastic phrenologist in Edinburgh in the 1830s, and the anonymously authored Vestiges became an international bestseller and a powerful public influence, subsequent to Combe's Constitution of Man (1828), and anticipating

4120-605: The Yorkshire coalfield further east have produced a rolling landscape with hills, escarpments and broad valleys in the outer fringes of the Pennines. In this landscape there is widespread evidence of both current and former industrial activity. There are numerous derelict or converted mine buildings and recently landscaped former spoil heaps. The scenery is a mixture of built up areas, industrial land with some dereliction, and farmed open country. Ribbon developments along transport routes including canal, road and rail are prominent features of

4223-537: The appropriate body part in the circle, and on "out" they put it out of the circle. On "And you shake it all about", the body part is shaken three times (on "shake", "all", and "-bout", respectively). Throughout "You do the hokey pokey, / And you turn yourself around", the participants spin in a complete circle with the arms raised at 90° angles and the index fingers pointed up, shaking their arms up and down and their hips side to side seven times (on "do", "hoke-", "poke-", "and", "turn", "-self", and "-round" respectively). For

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4326-983: The approval and personal friendship of Walter Scott. After Scott's death, Robert paid tribute to him by writing a Life of Sir Walter Scott (1832). Robert also wrote a History of the Rebellions in Scotland from 1638 to 1745 (5 vols, 1828) and numerous other works on Scotland and Scottish traditions. On 7 December 1829 Robert married Anne Kirkwood, the only child of Jane and John Kirkwood. Together they had 14 children, three of whom died in infancy. Excluding these three, their children were Robert ( Robert Chambers Jr. ), Nina (Mrs. Frederick Lehmann , and mother of Rudolf Chambers Lehmann ), Mary (Mrs. Alexander Mackenzie Edwards, mother of satirist Bob Edwards ), Anne (Mrs. Dowie, mother of Ménie Muriel Dowie ), Janet, Eliza (Mrs. William Overend Priestley ), Amelia (Mrs. Rudolf Lehmann ), James, William, Phoebe (Mrs. Zeigler), and Alice. At

4429-462: The area although some remnants of the pre industrial landscape and semi-natural vegetation still survive. However, many areas are affected by urban fringe pressures creating fragmented and downgraded landscapes and ever present are urban influences from major cities, smaller industrial towns and former mining villages. In the Magnesian Limestone belt to the east of the Leeds and Wakefield areas

4532-503: The author and a preface giving an account of its authorship. Ireland felt that there was no longer any reason for concealing the author's name. A collection of Robert Chambers' books is available free at Project Gutenberg . West Yorkshire West Yorkshire is a metropolitan and ceremonial county in the Yorkshire and the Humber region of England. It borders North Yorkshire to

4635-479: The author been concerned to keep the Vestiges secret and one or two others. Despite the author's intelligence and sympathy, such omissions inevitably produced a distorted picture" (p. 191, note 7). The book contains some reminiscences by Robert of his early life, with the rest of the narration filled in by William. Alexander Ireland, in 1884, issued a 12th edition of Vestiges with Robert Chambers finally listed as

4738-491: The beginning of 1832 Robert's brother William Chambers started a weekly publication entitled Chambers's Edinburgh Journal , which speedily gained a large circulation. Robert was at first only a contributor, but after 14 volumes had appeared, he became joint editor with his brother, and his collaboration contributed more perhaps than anything else to the success of the Journal . The two brothers eventually united as partners in

4841-562: The body parts "right elbow", "left elbow", "right hip", and "left hip" are often included as well. In Australia, the song has a chorus similar to the British version in melody, but does not involve running into the centre of the circle; unlike in the UK, the Australian version of the dance is not necessarily performed in a circle. Woah, the hokey pokey, Woah, the hokey pokey, Woah, the hokey pokey. That's what it's all about! On each "pokey",

4944-517: The book. The Unitarian physiologist William Benjamin Carpenter called it "a very beautiful and a very interesting book", and helped Chambers to correct later editions. Critics thanked God that the author began "in ignorance and presumption", for the revised versions "would have been much more dangerous". Nevertheless, the book caused a sensation and quickly went through a number of new editions. Vestiges brought widespread discussion of evolution out of

5047-513: The city of Bradford is well known for its large concentration of British Pakistanis , the highest by percentage in the country. Leeds and Kirklees also have large British Pakistani populations. Kirklees also hosts a large population of British Indians . West Yorkshire is home to a large Eastern European population, particularly British Poles . Ethnic minorities totalled to over 21% of West Yorkshire's population in 2011. Leeds has since attracted investment from financial institutions, to become

5150-485: The county by West Yorkshire Joint Services and the West Yorkshire Police and West Yorkshire Fire and Rescue Service are also county-wide. The county borders, going anticlockwise from the west: Lancashire , Greater Manchester , Derbyshire , South Yorkshire and North Yorkshire . The terrain of the county mostly consists of the Pennines and its foothills which dominate the west of the county and gradually descend into

5253-497: The county, having attracted people over the centuries, and this can be seen in the buildings and architecture. Several railways and the M1 , M621 , M606 , A1(M) and M62 motorways traverse the county. West Yorkshire County Council was abolished in 1986 and its five districts effectively became unitary authorities . The metropolitan county, covering an area of 2,029 square kilometres (783 sq mi), continues to exist in law and as

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5356-399: The dance may be called the "hokey pokey" or the "hokey cokey." It was a hit for Johnny Chester & The Chessmen in 1961. Mostly performed in the British style of the dance, it is known as the "boogie woogie" (pronounced / ˌ b ʊ ɡ iː ˈ w ʊ ɡ iː / ). Performed mainly in the carnival in a variation of the British style of the dance, it is known as "Rucki-Zucki". Released as

5459-497: The development of woollen mills. Leeds' traditional industry was the manufacturing of cloth while heavier engineering industries facilitated growth in South Leeds. The Heavy Woollen District covered towns such as Dewsbury , Batley , Morley , Ossett , Cleckheaton and Heckmondwike . The woollen and cloth industries declined throughout the twentieth century. The Rhubarb Triangle is wholly in West Yorkshire and still produces

5562-511: The eastern slopes of the South Pennines , dropping from upland in the west down to the east, and dissected by many steep-sided valleys while a small part of the northern Peak District extends into the south west of Kirklees. Large-scale industry, housing, public and commercial buildings of differing heights, transport routes and open countryside conjoin. The dense network of roads, canals and railways and urban development, confined by valleys creates dramatic interplay of views between settlements and

5665-626: The escarpment of the Pennines, which is scaled in meandering stages and tunnels by the recreational Leeds-Liverpool Canal and Rochdale Canal , navigable by barge, canoe or kayak. Other tourism features include abbeys, castles, countryside walks, landscapes, picturesque villages, architecture, stately homes, tea rooms , real ale breweries, farmer's markets, restaurants and hiking in villages including Hebden Bridge , Ilkley with its scenic riversides, cherry blossoms and suspension bridge and equally in Wharfedale, Otley . West Yorkshire lies in arguably

5768-448: The final "That's what it's all about", the participants clap with their hands out once on "that's" and "what" each, clap under the knee with the leg lifted up on "all", clap behind the back on "a-", and finally one more clap with the arms out on "-bout". The body parts usually included are, in order, "right foot", "left foot", "right hand", "left hand", "head", "buttocks" (or "backside"), fingers, toes, hair, lips, tongue and " whole self ";

5871-471: The fingertips to make a chevron and rocks the chevron from side to side. After that the participants separately, but in time with the others, turn around (usually clockwise when viewed from above – novices may go in the opposite direction to the main group, but this adds more hilarity to this joyous, novelty dance). The hands are either still joined together or moved as in a jogging motion – dependent on local tradition or individual choice. Each instruction set

5974-415: The first attempt to connect the natural sciences in a history of creation." Robert Chambers was aware of the storm that would probably be raised by his treatment of the subject, and he did not wish to get his and his brother's publishing firm involved in any kind of scandal. The arrangements for publication, therefore, were made through a friend named Alexander Ireland , of Manchester . To further prevent

6077-460: The headquarters of Wakefield City Council. The county initially had a two-tier structure of local government with a strategic-level county council and five districts providing most services. In 1986, throughout England the metropolitan county councils were abolished. The functions of the county council were devolved to the boroughs; joint-boards covering fire, police and public transport; and to other special joint arrangements. Organisations such as

6180-418: The hokey cokey', with the 'whoa' lasting three beats instead of two. It can also be said "Whoa, the hokey cokey cokey". For this chorus, all participants stand in a circle and hold hands: on each "Whoa" they raise their joined hands in the air and run in toward the centre of the circle, and on "...the hokey cokey" they run backwards out again. This instruction and chorus are repeated for the other limb, then for

6283-505: The ideas of evolutionism . Robert Chambers was a golfer and was elected an honorary member of the Musselburgh Golf Club (now Royal Musselburgh Golf Club ) on 14 September 1833. His son, who followed him into the publishing business, was a renowned player and became Champion Golfer in 1858 as a member of Bruntsfield Links Golfing Society. The Book of Days was Chambers's last major publication, and perhaps his most elaborate. It

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6386-424: The instructions given in the lyrics of the song, which may be prompted by a bandleader, a participant, or a recording. A sample instruction sequence would be: You put your [right leg] in, You put your [right leg] out; You put your [right leg] in, And you shake it all about. You do the hokey pokey, And you turn (yourself) around. That's what it's all about! Participants stand in a circle. On "in" they put

6489-617: The mid-1940s in Britain. There is a claim of authorship by the British/Irish songwriter Jimmy Kennedy , responsible for the lyrics to popular songs such as the wartime " We're Going to Hang out the Washing on the Siegfried Line " and the children's song " Teddy Bears' Picnic ". Sheet music copyrighted in 1942 and published by Campbell Connelly & Co Ltd, agents for Kennedy Music Co Ltd, styles

6592-924: The most strategic part of Yorkshire: the M62 , M1 and the A1(M) pass through the county, as well as the internal urban motorways in Leeds and Bradford . West Yorkshire has two mainline railway stations, Leeds and Wakefield Westgate . Leeds railway station is the only Network Rail principal station in Yorkshire and North East England , and one of only three in the North of England along with Manchester Piccadilly and Liverpool Lime Street . Other important railway stations in West Yorkshire include Bradford Interchange , Bradford Forster Square , Huddersfield , Halifax , Dewsbury , Keighley and Shipley . West Yorkshire also has Yorkshire's largest airport, Leeds Bradford Airport . Unlike South Yorkshire, West Yorkshire has no light transit system;

6695-469: The natural and social hierarchies, the book threatened the social order and could provide ammunition to Chartists and revolutionaries. Anglican clergymen and naturalists attacked the book. The geologist Adam Sedgwick predicted "ruin and confusion in such a creed" which, if taken up by the working classes, "will undermine the whole moral and social fabric" bringing "discord and deadly mischief in its train". In contrast, many Quakers and Unitarians liked

6798-535: The nearby Rockingstone Quarry and some interior work was done at North Light Film Studios. Urban tourism varies. National interest features include sporting stadia, museums, theatre and galleries. Royal Armouries is in Leeds, as is the Leeds Playhouse (formerly the West Yorkshire Playhouse), Opera North and The Grand Theatre. The First Direct Arena in Leeds seats around 15,000 people. Sheffield Arena

6901-442: The north and east, South Yorkshire and Derbyshire to the south, Greater Manchester to the south-west, and Lancashire to the west. The city of Leeds is the largest settlement. The county, established in 1974, has an area of 2,029 km (783 sq mi) and a population of 2.3 million, making it the fourth-largest ceremonial county by population. Large parts of West Yorkshire are urban; many settlements are part of

7004-461: The northern transept. A year after Robert's death, his brother William published a biography under the title Memoir of Robert Chambers; With Autobiographical Reminiscences of William Chambers . However, the book did not reveal Robert's authorship of the Vestiges . Milton Millhauser, in his 1959 book Just Before Darwin , wrote the following about William's memoir: "The fraternal Memoir of Robert Chambers might have been an excellent biography had not

7107-756: The other numerous works of which Robert was in whole or in part the author, the Biographical Dictionary of Eminent Scotsmen (4 vols., Glasgow, 1832–1835), the Cyclopædia of English Literature (1844), the Life and Works of Robert Burns (4 vols., 1851), Ancient Sea Margins (1848), the Domestic Annals of Scotland (1859–1861) and the Book of Days (2 vols., 1862–1864) were the most important. Chambers's Encyclopaedia (1859–1868), with Dr Andrew Findlater as editor,

7210-525: The participants again raise the arms at 90° angles with the index fingers pointed up, shaking their arms up and down and their hips side to side five times. In the United States, Sony/ATV Music Publishing controls some of the publishing rights to the "hokey pokey." (Alphabetical by group) You put your left boot in You take your left boot out You do a lot of shouting And you shake your fist about You light

7313-508: The possibility of any unwanted revelations, Chambers only disclosed his authorship to four people: his wife, his brother William, Ireland, and George Combe 's nephew, Robert Cox. All correspondence to and from Chambers passed through Ireland's hands first, and all letters and manuscripts were dutifully transcribed in Mrs. Chambers' hand to prevent the possibility of anyone recognizing Robert's handwriting. By implying that God might not actively sustain

7416-431: The product and legal backing against other products made outside the area using the name. Other protected names include Stilton cheese , Champagne and Parma Ham. The last pit in West Yorkshire to close was Hay Royds Colliery at Denby Dale in 2012 after a flood. Several films and television series have been filmed in West Yorkshire's historic areas, particularly around the town of Halifax . For example, portions of

7519-489: The publication of Charles Darwin's Origin of Species in 1859. The first edition of Vestiges of the Natural History of Creation was released in 1844 and published anonymously. Literary anonymity was not uncommon at the time, especially in periodical journalism. However, in the science genre, anonymity was especially rare, due to the fact that science writers typically wanted to take credit for their work to claim priority for their findings. The reason for Chambers' anonymity

7622-564: The purpose of geological exploration. The results of his travels were published in Tracings of the North of Europe (1851) and Tracings in Iceland and the Faroe Islands (1856). However, his most popular book, influenced by his geological studies and interest in speculative theories, was a work to which he never openly attached his name. In 1844, Chambers completed the dictation of his Vestiges of

7725-904: The rugby ground is home to Leeds Rhinos. In Huddersfield , the John Smith's Stadium is home to Huddersfield Town and Huddersfield Giants. In Bradford , Valley Parade is the home of Bradford City, whereas the Odsal Stadium is the home of the Bradford Bulls. Other stadiums include Wheldon Road (Castleford), The Shay (Halifax), Belle Vue (Wakefield), Mount Pleasant (Batley), Crown Flatt (Dewsbury), Post Office Road (Featherstone), John Charles Centre for Sport (Hunslet) and Cougar Park (Keighley). There are two racecourses in West Yorkshire: Pontefract and Wetherby . West Yorkshire also used to host regular speedway meetings, having

7828-497: The same year with the song "Wild Horses".) In 1978, Mike Stanglin produced a "skating version" of the Hokey Pokey, for use in skating rinks . The instruction set goes as follows: You put your [left arm] in, Your [left arm] out: In, out, In, out Shake it all about. You do the hokey cokey, And you turn around. That's what it's all about! On "You do the hokey cokey", each participant joins their right and left hands at

7931-498: The similar-sounding stereotypical magician's phrase " hocus-pocus "). That theory led Scottish politician Michael Matheson in 2008 to urge police action "against individuals who use it [the song and dance] to taunt Catholics". Matheson's claim was deemed ridiculous by fans from both sides of the Old Firm (the rival Glasgow football teams Celtic and Rangers ) and calls were made on fans' forums for both sides to join together to sing

8034-627: The song as " the Cokey Cokey ". In the 1973 Thames Television documentary, May I Have the Pleasure? , about the Hammersmith Palais de Danse , Lou Preager comments on how his was the first band to record the 'Okey Cokey'. EMI Gold released a Monsta Mash CD featuring the "Monsta Hokey Cokey" written and produced by Steve Deakin-Davies of "The Ambition Company". The song was used by comedian Bill Bailey during his " Part Troll " tour, however, it

8137-467: The song continues, the "left hand" is put in, then the "right foot", then the "left foot", then "my whole head" . . . [I]t does not seem to have been much used in Shaker societies. A version known as "Ugly Mug" is described in 1872: I put my right hand in I put my right hand out I give my right hand, shake, shake, shake, and turn myself about A version from c. 1891 from the town of Golspie , Scotland ,

8240-462: The song on 27 December 2008 at Ibrox Stadium . Close relatives of Jimmy Kennedy and Al Tabor have publicly stated their recollections of the origin and meaning of Hokey Cokey, and have denied its connection to the Mass or to an imitation of it. Relatives' accounts differ, but they all agree on the fact that the song existed and was published decades before its supposed composition in the 1940s. In Australia,

8343-715: The streets and gutter presses and into the drawing rooms of respectable men and women. Chambers gave a talk on ancient beaches at the British Association for the Advancement of Science meeting at Oxford in May 1847. An observer named Andrew Crombie Ramsay at the meeting reported that Chambers "pushed his conclusions to a most unwarrantable length and got roughly handled on account of it by Buckland, De la Beche, Sedgwick, Murchison, and Lyell. The last told me afterwards that he did so purposely that [Chambers] might see that reasonings in

8446-519: The style of the author of the Vestiges would not be tolerated among scientific men." On the Sunday Samuel Wilberforce , Bishop of Oxford, used his sermon at St. Mary's Church on "the wrong way of doing science" to deliver a stinging attack obviously aimed at Chambers. The church, "crowded to suffocation" with geologists, astronomers and zoologists, heard jibes about the "half-learned" seduced by

8549-503: The successful ZEBRA funding will see the introduction of between 179 and 245 zero-emission electric buses with the necessary infrastructure whilst the BSIP plan will give the West Yorkshire Combined Authority £70 million out of a desired £168 million to implement the improvements outlined in the authority's BSIP. Major football clubs in West Yorkshire include Leeds United , Huddersfield Town , and Bradford City . Rugby league

8652-511: The surrounding hillsides, as shaped the first urban-rural juxtapositions of David Hockney . Where most rural the land crops up in the such rhymes and folklore as On Ilkla Moor Baht 'at , date unknown, the early 19th century novels and poems of the Brontë family often in and around Haworth and long-running light comedy-drama Last of the Summer Wine in the 20th century. The carboniferous rocks of

8755-444: The teacher administered corporal punishment in the classroom for unruly behaviour. Although uninspired by the school, Robert made up for this at the bookseller. Both Robert and William were born with six fingers on each hand and six toes on each foot. Their parents attempted to correct this abnormality through operations, and while William's was successful Robert was left partially lame. So while other boys roughed it outside, Robert

8858-448: The traditional Catholic Latin Mass . Up until the reforms of Vatican II , the priest performed his movements facing the altar rather than the congregation , who could not hear the words very well, nor understand the Latin, nor clearly see his movements. At one point the priest would say " Hoc est corpus meum ", Latin for "This is My body" (a phrase that has also been suggested as the origin of

8961-425: The upper right, and then the upper left arm. Either the upper or lower limbs may start first, and either left or right, depending on local tradition, or by random choice on the night. On the penultimate line they bend their knees then stretch their arms, as indicated, and on "Rah, rah, rah!" they either clap in time or raise their arms above their heads and push upwards in time. Sometimes each subsequent verse and chorus

9064-660: The vegetable in considerable quantities. Twelve farmers who farm within the Rhubarb Triangle applied to have the name "Yorkshire forced rhubarb" added to the list of foods and drinks that have their names legally protected by the European Commission's Protected Food Name scheme. The application was successful and the farmers in the Rhubarb Triangle were awarded Protected Designation of Origin status (PDO) in February 2010. Food protected status accesses European funding to promote

9167-961: The whole profits of the work were generously devoted. During the 1830s, Robert Chambers took a particularly keen interest in the then rapidly expanding field of geology, and he was elected a fellow of the Geological Society of London in 1844. Prior to this, he was elected a member of the Royal Society of Edinburgh in 1840, which connected him through correspondence to numerous scientific men. William later recalls that "His mind had become occupied with speculative theories which brought him into communication with Sir Charles Bell , George Combe , his brother Dr. Andrew Combe , Dr. Neil Arnott , Professor Edward Forbes , Dr. Samuel Brown , and other thinkers on physiology and mental philosophy." In 1848 Chambers published his first geological book on Ancient Sea Margins. Later, he toured Scandinavia and Canada for

9270-414: Was Traditions of Edinburgh (1824), derived from Robert's enthusiastic interest in the history and antiquities of Edinburgh. He followed this with Walks in Edinburgh (1825), Popular Rhymes of Scotland (1826) and Picture of Scotland (1826). This was followed by five volumes of Scottish history to form part of Constable's Miscellany . In 1832 he compiled Gazetteer of Scotland . These books gained him

9373-545: Was a magazine series called The Kaleidoscope, or Edinburgh Literary Amusement , sold for threepence. This was issued every two weeks between 6 October 1821 and 12 January 1822. It was followed by Illustrations of the Author of Waverley (1822), which offered sketches of individuals believed to have been the inspirations for some of the characters in Walter Scott 's works of fiction. The last book to be printed on William's old press

9476-560: Was a miscellany of popular antiquities in connection with the calendar, and it is supposed that his excessive labour in connexion with this book hastened his death. Two years before, the University of St Andrews had conferred on him the degree of Doctor of Laws, and he was elected a member of the Athenaeum Club in London. Robert Chambers died on 17 March 1871 in St Andrews . He was buried in

9579-428: Was carried out under the superintendence of the brothers. The Cyclopædia of English Literature contains a series of admirably selected extracts from the best authors of every period, "set in a biographical and critical history of the literature itself." For the Life of Burns he made diligent and laborious original investigations, gathering many hitherto unrecorded facts from the poet's sister, Mrs Begg, to whose benefit

9682-596: Was clear enough as soon as one began reading the text. The book was arguing for a developmental view of the cosmos combining stellar evolution with progressive transmutation of species in the same spirit as the late Frenchman Jean-Baptiste Lamarck . Lamarck had been discredited among intellectuals by this time, and evolutionary (or development) theories were exceedingly unpopular, except among political radicals, and materialists. Chambers, however, tried to explicitly distance his own theory from that of Lamarck's by denying Lamarck's evolutionary mechanism any plausibility. "Now it

9785-446: Was content to stay indoors and study his books. Robert surpassed his elder brother in his education, which he continued for several years beyond William's. Robert had been destined for the ministry , but at the age of fifteen he dropped this intended career. The arrival of the power loom suddenly threatened James Chambers' cotton business, forcing him to close it down and become a draper. During this time, James began to socialise with

9888-616: Was first drawn up in the 1950s. All the county's districts contain large portions of green belt. West Yorkshire has close ties with Lancashire in terms of history, local identity and infrastructure including with the War of the Roses and Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway . Up until the 19th century, the town of Todmorden was in Lancashire but was moved into Yorkshire. In the 1974 boundary review. The towns of Earby and Barnoldswick were moved into

9991-576: Was formed as a metropolitan county in 1974, by the Local Government Act 1972 , and corresponds roughly to the core of the historic West Riding of Yorkshire and the county boroughs of Bradford, Dewsbury, Halifax, Huddersfield, Leeds, and Wakefield. West Yorkshire Metropolitan County Council inherited the use of West Riding County Hall at Wakefield , opened in 1898, from the West Riding County Council in 1974. Since 1987 it has been

10094-642: Was granted in July 1888. However the Industrial Revolution , which changed West and South Yorkshire significantly, led to the growth of Leeds and Bradford, which became the area's two largest cities (Leeds being the largest in Yorkshire). Leeds was granted city status in 1893 and Bradford in 1897. The name of Leeds Town Hall reflects the fact that at its opening in 1858 Leeds was not yet a city, while Bradford renamed its Town Hall as City Hall in 1965. West Yorkshire

10197-638: Was highly influential in mid-19th-century scientific and political circles. Chambers was an early phrenologist in the Edinburgh Phrenological Society . He was also the anonymous author of Vestiges of the Natural History of Creation , which was so controversial that his authorship was not acknowledged until after his death. Chambers was born in Peebles in the Scottish Borders 10 July 1802 to Jean Gibson ( c . 1781–1843) and James Chambers,

10300-483: Was passed to amend existing local acts of Parliament in the West Yorkshire area, and to confer specific powers on West Yorkshire County Council , as well as the City of Bradford Metropolitan District Council , Calderdale Metropolitan Borough Council , Kirklees Council , Leeds City Council and Wakefield Council . West Yorkshire is ethnically diverse, hosting large populations of multiple ethnic minority groups. Most notably,

10403-408: Was published by Edward W. B. Nicholson: Hilli ballu ballai!   Hilli ballu ballight! Hilli ballu ballai!   Upon a Saturday night. Put all your right feet out,   Put all your left feet in, Turn them a little, a little,   And turn yourselves about. In the 1892 book, English Folk-Rhymes , a version of the song originating from Sheffield , England,

10506-483: Was reworked by Bailey into a style of the German electronic group Kraftwerk , including quasi-German lyrics and Kraftwerk's signature robotic dance moves. The comedy act Ida Barr, a fictional East End pensioner who mashes up music hall songs with rap numbers, almost always finishes her shows with the hokey cokey, performed over a thumping RnB backing. Ida Barr is performed by a British comedian Christopher Green . Known as

10609-409: Was sent to local schools and showed unusual literary taste and ability, though he found his schooling to be uninspiring. His education was typical for the day. The country school, directed by James Gray, taught the boys reading, writing, and, for an additional charge, arithmetic. In grammar school it was the classics— Latin and Ancient Greek , with some English composition. Boys bullied one another and

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