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48-554: The Australia women's national field hockey team (nicknamed the Hockeyroos ) are, as of August 2023, ranked second in the world. Having played their first game in 1914, and their first Olympic game in 1984 , they are one of Australia's most successful sporting teams, boasting three Olympic gold medals ( 1988 , 1996 , 2000 ), two World Cup gold medals ( 1994 , 1998 ) and four Commonwealth Games gold medals ( 1998 , 2006 , 2010 , 2014 ). The Hockeyroos have been crowned Australia's Team of

96-641: A boycott of the Los Angeles Olympics, in retaliation for the U.S.-led boycott of the Moscow Olympics four years earlier (over the Soviet Union's invasion of Afghanistan in 1979 ). The pretexts for the 1984 Soviet-led boycott were concerns over security, "chauvinistic sentiments" and "an anti-Soviet hysteria ... being whipped up" in the United States. However, a handful of communist countries disregarded

144-459: A lap around the track, then handed it off to the final runner, Rafer Johnson , winner of the decathlon at the 1960 Summer Olympics . With the torch, he touched off the flame which passed through a specially designed flammable Olympic logo, igniting all five rings. Johnson became the first person of African descent to light the cauldron in Olympic history. The flame then passed up to the cauldron atop

192-532: A medal in that event, then they would be given a free menu item: a Big Mac for a gold medal, an order of french fries for a silver medal, and a Coca-Cola for a bronze medal. The promotion became more popular than expected due to the Soviet boycott which led to the U.S. winning far more Olympic medals than expected. This promotion was parodied in The Simpsons episode " Lisa's First Word ", where Krusty Burger runs

240-407: A qualifier for the 2018 Women's Hockey World Cup as the 10/11 highest placed teams apart from the host nation and the five continental champions qualify. The Netherlands won the tournament's Final round for a record second time after defeating host nation New Zealand 3–0 in the final match. South Korea won the third place match by defeating England 1–0. From 2019 onwards, the tournament

288-497: A re-enactment of the lighting of the Olympic cauldron. Los Angeles will host the Summer Olympics for the third time in 2028 . After the terrorist attack at the 1972 Summer Olympics , the significant financial debts of Montreal (1976) , and various boycotts by National Olympic Committees, few cities by the late 1970s were willing to bid for the Summer Olympics. Only two cities ( Tehran and Los Angeles) made serious bids for

336-511: A similar offer. The promotion was intended to be rigged so that prizes would only be offered in events dominated by the Eastern Bloc , but the Soviet-led boycott causes Krusty to personally lose $ 44 million. He vehemently promises "to spit in every fiftieth burger," to which Homer retorts "I like those odds!" Chief Wiggum also exclaims that he could kiss Carl Lewis , who won four gold medals at

384-469: A song to inspire the weightlifters called "Power". An album, The Official Music of the XXIII Olympiad—Los Angeles 1984 , featured those three tracks along with sports themes written for the occasion by popular musical artists including Foreigner , Toto , Loverboy , Herbie Hancock , Quincy Jones , Christopher Cross , Philip Glass , Paul Engemann and Giorgio Moroder . " Reach Out " was

432-611: Is among the most successful female players in the history of the sport. Hawkes is the only female hockey player to win three Olympic gold medals at three separate games. After 279 international matches, Hawkes retired following the Sydney Olympic Games where the Hockeyroos again won gold. In recognition of her contribution to Australian sport, Rechelle was inducted into the Sport Australia Hall of Fame in 2002. In 2018, Hawkes

480-644: The Commonwealth Games and Champions Trophy . The team only failed to medal at the World Cup , where they finished fourth. Following her return to the squad in 2018, Jodie Kenny was named as a co-captain of the team, along with Emily Chalker and Georgina Morgan . The team started 2019 with an historic 1–0 victory over world number one, the Netherlands in the FIH Pro League , this marked their first win over

528-572: The LA84 Foundation for promoting youth sports in Southern California, educating coaches and maintaining a sports library. The games were the subject of the 1983–84 United States commemorative coin series . American fast food chain McDonald's ran a promotion titled, "When the U.S. Wins, You Win" where customers scratched off a ticket with the name of an Olympic event on it. If the U.S. won

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576-582: The United Arab Emirates . Zaire had previously competed at the 1968 Summer Olympics as Congo-Kinshasa . The People's Republic of China made its first appearance in a Summer Olympics since 1952 , while for the first time the Republic of China team participated under the politically contrived name of Chinese Taipei . The Soviet Union led the Warsaw Pact members and other Communist countries in

624-471: The 1976 and 1980 Olympics were entirely government-funded. Unlike Montreal and Moscow, Los Angeles 1984 was privately funded, with strict controls imposed on expenditure; rather than constructing new venues with overly ambitious designs, the organizers chose instead to utilize existing venues and facilities wherever possible. The main example of this was the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum , which

672-618: The 1984 Olympics host city. In this case, the Los Angeles bid received 55 votes compared with New York's 39 votes – this is the closest that the city of New York has ever come to being selected to host the Olympic Games, coming closer in 1984 than they did in their 2012 bid (when they lost to London). Ambitious construction projects for the two previous Summer Olympics, Montreal 1976 and Moscow 1980, had burdened organizers with substantial debts as expenses greatly exceeded revenues. Furthermore,

720-597: The 1984 Summer Games, but before the final selection of a winning city in 1978, the bid from Tehran was withdrawn in June 1975. Hence, the selection process for the 1984 Summer Olympics consisted of a single finalized bid from Los Angeles, which the International Olympic Committee (IOC) accepted. The selection was officially made at the 80th IOC Session in Athens on May 18, 1978. Los Angeles had unsuccessfully bid for

768-511: The 1990s which was acknowledged when she won the World Hockey Player of the Year in 1999. Annan represented Australia 228 times, and was part of the 1996 and 2000 Olympic Gold Medal-winning teams. Annan remains the Hockeyroos highest goal scorer. As a highly recognised Hockeyroo, Nikki Hudson has become one of the most identifiable Australian athletes. Retiring in 2009, the striker was formerly

816-625: The District of Columbia. Unlike later torch relays, the torch was continuously carried by runners on foot. The route covered more than 9,320 mi (15,000 km) and involved 3,636 runners. Noted athlete O. J. Simpson was among the runners, carrying the torch up the California Incline in Santa Monica . Gina Hemphill, a granddaughter of Jesse Owens , carried the torch into the Coliseum, completed

864-663: The Dutch since the 2009 Champions Trophy . At the conclusion of the group stage of the FIH Pro League, the Hockeyroos finished in third place, qualifying for the Grand Final and the FIH Olympic Qualifiers . The following 20 players make up the Hockeyroos 2024 squad. Caps and goals are current as of 5 August 2024 after the match against China . Head coach: Katrina Powell The following players have received call-ups to

912-746: The Games, the document detailed the existing steroids operations of the program, along with suggestions for further enhancements. The communication, directed to the Soviet Union's head of track and field, was prepared by Dr. Sergei Portugalov of the Institute for Physical Culture. Portugalov was also one of the main figures involved in the implementation of the Russian doping program prior to the 2016 Summer Olympics. Filmmaker and director of 2017 movie Icarus Bryan Fogel has said that stricter doping controls might have been

960-420: The Games. On NCIS , Tim McGee has an obsession with jet packs, stemming from having attended the 1984 Olympic ceremony as a child and having Bill Suitor fly over his head in his jet pack. This storyline is based on the real experience of executive producer and writer Jesse Stern. Pop-punk band Bowling for Soup references the games in the song " I Can't Stand LA ". During a section showing appreciation for

1008-534: The Hockeyroos to the Atlanta and Sydney Olympic Games, where the team won back-to-back gold medals. The team was coached from 2011 by Adam Commens , who was replaced after the 2016 Summer Olympics , where the side failed to medal, by Paul Gaudoin . Amid much turmoil, Gaudoin quit in March 2021 and was replaced by former player Katrina Powell . Given the extent of the Hockeyroos success, the team has consistently remained at

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1056-470: The Hockeyroos' core players retired, forcing the team into a development phase. In 2017, long-time player Emily Chalker was named captain of the team during this rebuilding phase. Following a disappointing Hockey World League campaign, the team won the Oceania Cup , sparking what would become a string of successes for the team. The Hockeyroos played three major tournaments in 2018, winning silver medals at

1104-428: The Los Angeles Olympics, citing political reasons, but these countries were not a part of the Soviet-led boycott. Albania and Iran were the only two countries to boycott both the 1980 and 1984 Summer Games. Documents obtained in 2016 revealed the Soviet Union's plans for a statewide doping system in track and field in preparation for the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles. Dated prior to the country's decision to boycott

1152-645: The Saints Go Marching In " at the Opening Ceremony. Vicki McClure, along with the International Children's Choir of Long Beach, sang " Reach Out and Touch ". Alongside Williams and the house orchestra, 84 pianists performed an abridged version of George Gershwin 's composition Rhapsody in Blue . Lionel Richie performed a special extended 9-minute version of his hit single " All Night Long " at

1200-553: The Soviet Union and East Germany, in response to the American-led boycott of the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow , Russia , in protest of the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan ; Romania was the only Soviet-aligned state that opted to attend the Games. Albania, Iran and Libya also chose to boycott the Games, but for unrelated reasons. Despite the field being depleted in certain sports due to

1248-424: The Year five times and were unanimously awarded Best Australian Team at the 2000 Sydney Olympic Games. A notable part of the Hockeyroos colourful history has involved Ric Charlesworth . Charlesworth was at the helm of the Hockeyroos from 1993 to 2000, where his reign as coach saw the team win the 1993, 1995, 1997 and 1999 Champions Trophies, 1994 and 1998 World Cups and the 1998 Commonwealth Games. Charlesworth took

1296-519: The boycott and attended the Games anyway, among them Yugoslavia (host of the 1984 Winter Olympics ), the People's Republic of China , and Romania (the only Warsaw Pact country that had opted to ignore the Soviet demands). The Romanian team received a particularly warm reception from the United States; when the Romanian athletes entered during the opening ceremonies, they were greeted by a standing ovation from

1344-411: The boycott, 140 National Olympic Committees took part in the 1984 Games, a record number at the time. The United States won the most gold and overall medals, followed by Romania and West Germany . The 1984 Summer Olympics are widely considered to be the most financially successful modern Olympics, serving as an example on how to run an Olympic Games. As a result of low construction costs, due to

1392-495: The city, the song states, "thank you for hair metal and the '84 Olympics." Jilly Cooper 's novel Riders has a storyline set at the show jumping event at the 1984 Summer Olympics. In the Seinfeld episode "The Gymnast", Jerry dates a woman who competed in the 1984 Olympics and won a silver medal for Romania. In American Horror Story: 1984 , the characters watch it together on the TV in

1440-547: The closing ceremonies. The mascot was a bald eagle named Sam the Olympic Eagle . The 1984 Summer Olympics was preceded by the 10-week-long adjunct Los Angeles Olympic Arts Festival, which opened on June 2 and ended on August 12. It provided more than 400 performances by 146 theater, dance and music companies, representing every continent and 18 countries. It was organized by then- CalArts President Robert Fitzpatrick . The 1984 Summer Olympic program featured 221 events in

1488-578: The financial success of the Los Angeles Games, cities began to show a renewed interest in bidding to become host again. The Los Angeles and Montreal Games are seen as examples of best and worst practice when organizing the Olympics and serve as valuable lessons to prospective host cities. Following the success of the 1984 Games, the Los Angeles OCOG, led by Peter Ueberroth , used the profits to create

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1536-430: The first time these contracts would prove to be a significant source of revenue. Adjusted for inflation, the Los Angeles Games secured twice the amount of income received by the 1980 Moscow Summer Olympics and four times that of the 1976 Montreal Summer Olympics . The low level of interest among potential host cities for the 1984 Games had been viewed as a major threat to the future of the Olympic Games. However, after

1584-485: The following 21 sports: These are the top ten nations that won medals at the 1984 Games. Athletes from 140 states competed at the 1984 Summer Olympics. Eighteen states made their Olympic debut: Bahrain , Bangladesh , Bhutan , British Virgin Islands , Djibouti , Equatorial Guinea , The Gambia , Grenada , Mauritania , Mauritius , North Yemen , Oman , Qatar , Rwanda , Western Samoa , Solomon Islands , Tonga , and

1632-580: The girls cabin. In the same week that the Games began, British pop star Howard Jones released a single called Like to Get to Know You Well which eventually made number 4 on the UK Singles Chart and number 49 on the Billboard Hot 100 in the United States. On the sleeve, the record was "dedicated to the original spirit of the Olympic Games". 2016%E2%80%9317 Women%27s FIH Hockey World League The Semifinals of this competition also served as

1680-421: The highest capped player in the history of the Hockeyroos, finishing on 303 games (at the time, being the only Hockeyroo to play over 300 games). Since her debut in 1993 at the age of 17, Hudson scored 99 goals in international competition. In 2008, she played in her third successive Olympic Games. Following her debut in 2004, Madonna Blyth became one of the most prominent Hockeyroos in history. Retiring in 2016,

1728-548: The main reason for the Soviet boycott. Following the news of the massive financial losses of the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal , the only two cities to express a genuine interest in hosting the 1984 Games were Los Angeles and New York . Given that only one city per country is allowed to bid for any one Games, the USOC vote for the American bid city was effectively the deciding vote for

1776-414: The main soundtrack and is the official theme song of the 1984 Summer Olympics. The Brazilian composer Sérgio Mendes also produced a special song for the 1984 Olympic Games, "Olympia," from his 1984 album Confetti . A choir of approximately one thousand voices was assembled of singers in the region. All were volunteers from nearby churches , schools and universities. Etta James performed " When

1824-406: The midfielder became the highest-capped player in the history of the Hockeyroos, finishing on 342 games, surpassing the record previously set by Nikki Hudson . During her career, she won three Commonwealth Games gold medals and two World Cup silvers. She was also the captain of the team from 2009 until her retirement in 2016, following the Olympic Games. Following the 2016 Summer Olympics , many of

1872-805: The national team in the last 12 months: In addition to the core 22 player squad, Hockey Australia also maintains a 20 player development squad. The 2024 squad is as follows: In April 2024, the development squad will play Australia, China and Japan in the International Festival of Hockey . 1984 Summer Olympics The 1984 Summer Olympics (officially the Games of the XXIII Olympiad and commonly known as Los Angeles 1984 ) were an international multi-sport event held from July 28 to August 12, 1984, in Los Angeles , California , United States. It marked

1920-522: The peristyle and remained aflame for the duration of the Games. John Williams composed the theme for the Olympiad, "Los Angeles Olympic Theme" later also known as " Olympic Fanfare and Theme ". This piece won a Grammy for Williams and became one of the most well-known musical themes of the Olympic Games, along with Leo Arnaud 's " Bugler's Dream "; the latter is sometimes attached to the beginning of Olympic Fanfare and Theme. Composer Bill Conti also wrote

1968-628: The second time that Los Angeles had hosted the Games, the first being in 1932 . This was the first of two consecutive Olympic Games to be held in North America with Calgary , Alberta , Canada hosting the 1988 Winter Olympics . California was the home state of the incumbent U.S. President Ronald Reagan , who officially opened the Games. These were the first Summer Olympic Games under the IOC presidency of Juan Antonio Samaranch . The 1984 Games were boycotted by fourteen Eastern Bloc countries, including

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2016-443: The spectators, who were mostly U.S. citizens. This would turn out to be Romania's most successful Olympic Games – they won 53 medals, including 20 golds. In the table below, the number of athletes representing each state is shown in parentheses. Fifteen countries took part in the Soviet-led boycott of the 1984 Summer Olympics: Albania , Iran , Libya and Upper Volta (changed to Burkina Faso following August 4) also missed

2064-455: The top of the world hockey rankings. From the late 1980s until 2000, the Australian team was ranked at number 1 in the world. Only once during this period, did the Hockeyroos fail to win a tournament, when they finished fifth. As part of the Olympic team in 1988, 1992, 1996 and 2000, Rechelle Hawkes is the most decorated Hockeyroo of all time. Such is her status in international hockey that she

2112-579: The two previous Summer Olympic Games (1976 and 1980, which went to Montreal and Moscow , respectively). The United States Olympic Committee (USOC) had submitted at least one bid for every Olympics since 1944 but had not succeeded since the Los Angeles Olympics in 1932 , the previous time only a single bid had been issued for the Summer Olympics. The 1984 Olympic Torch Relay began in New York City and ended in Los Angeles, traversing 33 states and

2160-403: The use of existing sport infrastructure, coupled with a reliance on private corporate funding, the 1984 Games generated a profit of over US$ 250 million . On July 18, 2009, a 25th anniversary celebration of the 1984 Games was held at the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum . The celebration included a speech by former Los Angeles Olympic Organizing Committee president Peter Ueberroth , as well as

2208-615: Was also the Olympic Stadium for the 1932 Summer Olympics . The only two new venues constructed specifically for the 1984 Summer Olympics were secured with the backing of corporate sponsors: the Olympic Velodrome was largely funded by the 7-Eleven corporation and the Olympic Swim Stadium by McDonald's . In addition to corporate support, the Olympic committee also used the income from the exclusive television rights, and for

2256-451: Was made a Member of the Order of Australia for "significant service to hockey." Alyson Annan is also one of more prominent figures in the history of the Hockeyroos. Annan debuted in the Australian side at the age of 18 and became renowned for her prowess in front of goal, scoring 166 goals during her career. She was widely regarded as the sharpest shooter in international women's hockey during

2304-720: Was replaced by Pro League . Each national association member of the International Hockey Federation (FIH) had the opportunity to compete in the tournament, and after seeking entries to participate, several teams were announced to compete. The eleven teams ranked between 1st and 11th in the FIH World Rankings current at early 2015 received an automatic bye to the Semifinals while the nine teams ranked between 12th and 20th received an automatic bye to Round 2 . Those twenty teams, shown with qualifying rankings, were

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