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32-456: Hoài Nhơn has a varied topography with coastline of around 20 km, lowlands and hills along its borders with Quảng Ngãi province to the north, Phù Mỹ District to the south and Hoài Ân and An Lão districts to the west. The district's highest elevation is on the border with An Lão at 682m. Hoài Nhơn is located along National Road 1 , Vietnam's most important road. Road 630 and Road 629 both lead to Hoài Ân District and An Lão District from

64-573: A center for religious activity, in particular with the construction of a mountain-top monastery, the Thien An Mountain Pagoda in 1695. [1] The mountain was designated by the ruler Nguyễn Phúc Chu and became a religious pilgrimage site. Quảng Ngãi province was one of the first provinces in central Vietnam (together with Quảng Trị ) to organize self-defense units in March 1945. The Ba Tơ Guerrilla Unit mobilized tens of thousands of peasants. It

96-505: A population of 1,219,200 in 2009. Around 40% is concentrated in Quảng Ngãi City and the two districts just north and south of it ( Sơn Tịnh and Tư Nghĩa ), where population density ranges from over 500 to 3600/km ). Population density in most of coastal Quảng Ngãi is around 400/km . The five western districts have population densities of less than 100/km , three of them ( Tây Trà , Sơn Tây , and Ba Tơ ) even less than 50/km . Quảng Ngãi

128-553: A spectacular increase in industrial GDP from the Dung Quat Economic Zone. It grew by 21% in 2009, increasing GDP per capita to 15.2 million VND, higher than that of its neighbours, Quảng Nam and Bình Định provinces. Exports increased from 31 million US$ in 2005 to 182 million in 2009. The number of employed people increased from 571,400 in 2000 to 704,700, despite a significant decline agricultural and fishing employment. The booming industrial sector created 63,200 jobs in

160-402: Is a large number of cattle in the province (287,800 in 2007), mostly in the northwest and southwest. Quảng Ngãi's fishing output as share of total national output is larger than its population share . Lý Sơn island plays an important role as an offshore fishing center. It contributed almost one fourth to the total of 126,000 tonnes of fish caught in 2012. However, in contrast to the rest of

192-681: Is at 1630m in the west of the province near the border to Quảng Nam. The coastline is relatively straight in most of the south and central part of the province (unusual for the South Central Coast ), but features several capes north of Quảng Ngãi City. The province's largest river is the Trà Khúc. Other important rivers are the Trà Bồng in the north and the Ve River in the south of the province. The Lý Sơn islands belong to Quảng Ngãi. The province had

224-453: Is designated for the development of heavy industries, in particular, trade-oriented export and special economic rules apply to parts of the province. The Dung Quat Economic Zone located within the province has a separate visa regime for foreigners seeking to work within the country. Industrial output within the province has seen growth rates of 15-20% annually, far outstripping most other regions in central Vietnam. The Dung Quat economic zone

256-406: Is outfitted to process oil from Bạch Hổ oil field , which is expected to run dry before 2020. Petrovietnam has a preliminary agreement with BP for supplies of similar quality to use exclusively until 2011. The refinery is owned and operated by Petrovietnam. Petrovietnam negotiates with foreign oil companies, including Royal Dutch Shell , Essar Group and SK Energy , to upgrade and sell part of

288-655: Is produced in Quảng Ngãi as a major export product, accounting for 11.475 million US$ in 2007. Industrial GDP has more than tripled between 2000 and 2007, growing by an average yearly rate of 18.64%. This was the second highest growth rate in the South Central Coast after Bình Thuận province . Industry has grown even faster since then, due in large part to the Dung Quat Economic Zone. The Dung Quất Refinery , Vietnam's first oil refinery, started production in February 2009. In

320-490: Is recognized as one of five key coastal sites for economic growth in Vietnam, and has seen significant Japanese foreign direct investments . Quảng Ngãi's topography is dominated by a large plain along the coast and in the center of the province and by mountains and hills in the west and along its borders with Quảng Nam and Bình Định provinces. Lowlands extend further inland along Trà Khúc River . The province's highest peak

352-463: Is subdivided into 12 district-level sub-divisions: They are further subdivided into nine commune-level towns (or townlets), 166 communes, and nine wards. Quảng Ngãi's GDP per capita was 7.82 million VND in 2007, making it the second poorest province in the South Central Coast (after Ninh Thuận ), due to weaknesses in all major sectors of the economy (agriculture, industry, services). However, Quảng Ngãi's economy has been booming since then, due to

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384-462: Is the least urbanized province of the South Central Coast , with only 14.4% of the population living in cities and towns. The population grew by an annual average of 1% between 2000 and 2007, while the growth of the urban population was 3.9% on average, one of the highest rates in the region. The coastal lowlands are mostly ethnically homogeneous, with almost the entire population (>99%) made up of Kinh people. There are large Hrê communities in

416-461: The Dung Quat Economic Zone, namely Dung Quat Port, in the north of the province. Sa Ky is a local port north of Quảng Ngãi City. It serves as a fishing and small cargo port and has regular ferry connections to Lý Sơn island. There is a hydroelectric station on Trà Khúc River in the center of the province. It is located near the border of Sơn Hà district with Tư Nghĩa district and Sơn Tịnh district . As of 2007, 401 million kwh were generated in

448-443: The new site made no economic sense. Total was replaced with a consortium of foreign investors, including LG Group and Petronas , but also this consortium withdraw two years later. In 1998, the establishment of VietRoss , a joint venture of Vietnam and Russia , was decided. The intergovernmental agreement on the construction and operation of the refinery was signed on 25 August 1998. The Front End Engineering Design (FEED) Contract

480-456: The past 15 years along with other districts of Bình Định, with Mỹ Bình Lake reaching dead levels, or having a quantity too low for proper usage. Qu%E1%BA%A3ng Ng%C3%A3i province Quảng Ngãi is a northern coastal province in the South Central Coast region, the Central of Vietnam . It borders  Quảng Nam  to the north,  Bình Định  to the south,  Kon Tum  to

512-505: The period and employs 99,200 as of 2007. Despite lacking behind the industrial sector in terms of value-added, the service sector employed 180,500 people in 2007 compared to 57,900 in 2000. Despite its large agricultural area, Quảng Ngãi's agricultural GDP is low compared to other provinces in the region. Rice cultivation takes up the largest area, concentrated around Quảng Ngãi City. 381,200t of rice were harvested in 2007. Other important crops include sugar-cane, peanuts, and coconuts. There

544-471: The province was designated as the center of a planned oil industry notably the Dung Quất Refinery alongside special economic zones for the development of heavy and light industries. The economy of the province has historically relied on agriculture and fishing, but in recent years has seen significant industrialization with special trade rules applying. The economy of Quang Ngai and surrounding regions

576-513: The province's GDP surged from 36.2% in 2008 to 46.3% in 2009. On 16 August 2009, refinery's operations were suspended due to a "technical repair" in the residue fluid catalytic cracking unit. The unit was expected to be repaired by 9–10 September 2009. Dung Quat refinery has a designed capacity of 6.5 million tons of crude oil annually, or 140 thousand barrels per day (22 × 10 ^  m /d). The capacity would be expanded to 10 million tons per year by 2013–2014. In addition to fuels,

608-533: The province. Long Wall of Quảng Ngãi was discovered in 2005. In April 2012, there have been multiple reports of an outbreak of an unknown fatal disease in the area around Ba Tơ . See Quảng Ngãi skin disease outbreak for more details. Dung Qu%E1%BA%A5t Refinery The Dung Quất refinery is an oil refinery in Quảng Ngãi Province , Vietnam . It is the first oil refinery in Vietnam. The refinery project started already in 1980s. The refinery

640-521: The province. The main railway station is the Quảng Ngãi railway station . National Road 24 connects Quảng Ngãi to Kon Tum in the Central Highlands . It has its starting point at Thach Tru on National Route 1 28 km south of Quảng Ngãi City and passes through Ba Tơ district . The nearest airport is Chu Lai International Airport , just north of Quảng Ngãi province. The province has a major port in

672-449: The refinery will also produce petro-chemical products. The refinery complex area comprises: Main contractors of the refinery were Technip , JGC Corporation , and Técnicas Reunidas . The refinery cost US$ 3 billion, up from $ 2.5 billion previously and more than double an original cost estimate of about $ 1.4 billion in 1994. It may need another $ 1 billion to build a desulphurising unit targeted for 2013. The refinery

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704-531: The region that is now Quảng Ngãi was less significant than Quảng Nam province and Vijaya . There are only a few Cham remains in the province. The area became part of Vietnam along with Vijaya ( Bình Định province ) in 1471. In the early 19th century the Long Wall of Quảng Ngãi was constructed in the province. It improved security among the Vietnamese and H're people and facilitated trade. The province had become

736-439: The region, there is a lack of rich fishing grounds off the coast of Quảng Ngãi province. Quảng Ngãi City is a secondary industrial center of the South Central Coast with processing of agricultural products and production of some paper and machinery. Other products include beer (38.3 million litres in 2007), textiles (5,577 pieces), bricks (303 million), chemical fertilizer (24kt), and hand farming tools (352,000 pieces). Furniture

768-531: The same year, industrial gross output increased by 144.7% and the share of industry in the province's GDP surged from 36.2% in 2008 to 46.3% in 2009. This share is higher than that of other provinces in the region and even slightly higher than that of Đà Nẵng . The province's prospects for industry may also be changing outside Dung Quat Economic Zone. Vinatex bought Đại Cát Tường , a formerly bankrupt textile manufacturer, in 2011 and plans to expand its production in Quảng Ngãi significantly. Quảng Ngãi's industry

800-537: The south of the district (south of Bồng Sơn ). The district includes 15 communes and 2 townships: Hoài Nhơn was the site of an uprising against French colonialism in 1945 (in Bồng Sơn), involving around 8000 people and led by Trịnh Hồng Kỳ. As much of Bình Định Province, it was the site of severe fighting during the Vietnam War and a major battle in 1966. In 2019, Hoài Nhơn experienced its most severe drought over

832-606: The southwest of the province. They made up the majority of the population in the districts of Ba Tơ , Sơn Hà (which then also included Sơn Tây ), and Minh Long as of 1996. A slight majority in Trà Bồng District (which then also included the Tây Trà District ) were Co people . There is also a small minority of Xơ Đăng in Sơn Hà District . Chams are also found on the southern coast of this province. Quảng Ngãi

864-569: The west, Gia Lai to the southwest and the  South China Sea  to the east. Quảng Ngãi is located 883 kilometres (549 mi) south of Hanoi and 838 kilometres (521 mi) north of Hồ Chí Minh City . The province has been historically populated with H're , Cham , and Kinh peoples, and located on the coast. The ancient Sa Huỳnh culture inhabited what is now Quảng Ngãi. Remains of it were found in Sa Huỳnh, Đức Phổ District . Within Champa,

896-460: Was dominated by the state sector (mostly centrally managed companies) until 2005, after which most of the state industry was (officially) privatized. The state sector's share decreased from 2/3 in 2000 to around 1/8 in 2007, while there was also a restructuring within the state sector from central state to locally managed state enterprises. National Route 1 and the North–South railway run through

928-513: Was known as a Việt Cộng stronghold during the Vietnam War and was the site of the purported Bình Hòa massacre and the My Lai Massacre . The province produced famous war literature on both sides of the conflict including the wartime diary of Viet Cong medic Đặng Thùy Trâm was written here, and from the US perspective, the setting of Tim O'Brien 's The Things They Carried . After reunification,

960-543: Was planned to be construct near the port of Vũng Tàu , just 100 kilometers (60 mi) away from the offshore oil fields. In 1988, the clearance of the construction site from unexploded wartime ordnance was started. However, in 1991 the refinery project was shelved. In the early 1990s, Total S.A. expressed interest to the project. At the same time the Vietnamese government suggested to move the site to Van Phong bay, north of Nha Trang , and later further north to Dung Quat. Followed this, in 1995 Total SA pulled out, claiming that

992-429: Was signed between PetroVietnam , Zarubezhneft and Foster Wheeler Energy . The Dung Quat Refinery was originally scheduled to start work in 2000, but the process was several times delayed. On 25 December 2002, the intergovernmental agreement between Vietnam and Russia was terminated, and the project continued as a solo project of Petrovietnam. On 24 October 2003, the project management consultancy services contract

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1024-482: Was signed with Stone & Webster , and on 27 February 2004 the contract for front end engineering design (FEED) development was signed with Technip . The construction started on 28 November 2005. The refinery was inaugurated by Vietnamese Prime Minister Nguyễn Tấn Dũng on 22 February 2009. In the same year, industrial gross output in Quang Ngai Province increased by 144.7% and the share of industry in

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