Museum Haarlem is a city museum on Groot Heiligland 47, Haarlem , Netherlands , located across the street from the Frans Hals Museum . It shares its front door with the ABC Architectuurcentrum Haarlem , which is located next door. The museum is devoted to presenting and preserving the cultural history of Haarlem and the surrounding region.
50-648: In 1990 the museum was opened for the public in a building that was once part of the St. Elisabeth Gasthuis hospital. Abbreviated to "EG", the hospital was housed there in the former "Minder Broeders" monastery from 1581 until it moved in 1971 to the Boerhaavelaan. Today the hospital has fused with the St. Johannes de Deo hospital and is called the Kennemer Gasthuis . The museum is just one of several local cultural institutions sharing
100-414: A nun . These vows included celibacy , as well as complete obedience to Konrad as her confessor and spiritual director . Konrad's treatment of Elizabeth was extremely harsh, and he held her to standards of behavior which were almost impossible to meet. Among the punishments he is alleged to have ordered were physical beatings; he also ordered her to send away her three children. Her pledge to celibacy proved
150-511: A saint by the Catholic Church . She was an early member of the Third Order of St. Francis , and is today honored as its patroness . Elizabeth was the daughter of King Andrew II of Hungary and Gertrude of Merania . Her mother's sister was Hedwig of Andechs , wife of Duke Henry I of Silesia . Her ancestry included many notable figures of European royalty, going back as far as Vladimir
200-718: A Saint ), starring Sabrina Weckerlin as Elizabeth, Armin Kahn as Ludwig, and Chris Murray as Konrad, premiered in Eisenach in 2007. It was performed in Eisenach and Marburg for two years, and closed in Eisenach in July 2009. The entire Third Order of St. Francis, both the friars and sisters of the Third Order Regular and the Secular Franciscan Order , joined in this celebration through a two-year-long program of study of her life. This
250-480: A future union which would reinforce political alliances between the two families. She was raised by the Thuringian court and would have been familiar with the local language and culture. In 1221, at the age of fourteen, Elizabeth married Louis; the same year he was enthroned as landgrave , and the marriage appears to have been happy. In 1223, Franciscan friars arrived, and the teenage Elizabeth not only learned about
300-439: A hindrance to her family's political ambitions. Elizabeth was more or less held hostage at Pottenstein , the castle of her uncle, Bishop Ekbert of Bamberg, in an effort to force her to remarry. Elizabeth, however, held fast to her vow, even threatening to cut off her own nose so that no man would find her attractive enough to marry. Elizabeth's second child Sophie of Thuringia (1224–1275) married Henry II, Duke of Brabant , and
350-487: A large selection of 11 works were formally signed over to the Frans Hals Museum , which already had 14 items on loan. These include the group portraits of former regents by Frans Hals , Jan Cornelisz Verspronck and Frans Decker , as well as pieces by Maarten van Heemskerck , Dirck Hals , Cornelis Cornelisz van Haarlem , Nicolaas Roosendael , Adriaan Backer , and a follower of Joachim Patenier . Some felt that
400-589: Is remembered in the Church of England with a Lesser Festival on 18 November and in the Episcopal Church on 19 November . After her death, Elizabeth was commonly associated with the Third Order of Saint Francis , the primarily lay branch of the Franciscan Order, which has helped propagate her cult. Whether she ever actually joined the order, only recently founded in 1221, the year when she married Louis at
450-638: Is a former hospital complex of buildings founded in 1581 in Haarlem on the Gasthuisvest. The last location of the hospital on the Boerhaavelaan retains its hospital function and is part of the Spaarne Gasthuis (SG) today, formerly known as Kennemer Gasthuis (KG). The hospital complex on the Gasthuisvest was built for the "Minnebroers" monastery and was reclaimed after the Protestant reformation in 1581 and given by
500-465: Is now a Protestant church, but has spaces set aside for Catholic worship. Elizabeth's shrine became one of the main German centers of pilgrimage of the 14th century and early 15th century. During the course of the 15th century, the popularity of the cult of Saint Elizabeth slowly faded, though to some extent this was mitigated by an aristocratic devotion to St Elizabeth, since through her daughter Sophia she
550-624: Is now known as "Kennemer Gasthuis locatie Zuid". Today the former main building on the Gasthuisvest serves as a local cultural center for music, dancing and fitness lessons. The former wings have been mostly converted to apartments, though two museums reside in the early 19th century wing on the Groot Heiligland, the Historisch Museum Haarlem and the ABC Architectuurcentrum Haarlem . An overview of Haarlem history
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#1733093713140600-436: Is now on display in the room that once housed the "Zanderzaal", a room of physical therapy equipment named after the inventor of physical therapy, Gustav Zander . Elisabeth of Hungary Elizabeth of Hungary ( German : Heilige Elisabeth von Thüringen , Hungarian : Árpád-házi Szent Erzsébet , Slovak : Svätá Alžbeta Uhorská ; 7 July 1207 – 17 November 1231), also known as Elisabeth of Thuringia ,
650-596: The Coen Cuserhof is on display. In the timeline room there are artifacts regarding Haarlem's history from 1245 to modern times and in the small auditorium a statue of Laurens Janszoon Coster stands next to an old book press. The museum has a fifteen-minute film in Dutch or in English about the history of Haarlem that is often used by walking tours or other groups that can be run on request for any visitors interested, which touches on
700-607: The miracle of the roses to Elizabeth's childhood in Sárospatak and has her leave Hungary at the age of five. According to a different tradition she was born in Pozsony , Hungary (present-day Bratislava , Slovakia ), where she lived in the Castle of Posonium until the age of four. Elizabeth was brought to the court of the rulers of Thuringia in central Germany, to be betrothed to Louis IV, Landgrave of Thuringia (also known as Ludwig IV),
750-454: The "Elisabeth van Thüringen Fonds" appointed a curator to take care of its imposing art collection, which was the result of centuries of commissions to local artists. In general, the art commissioned was meant to either glorify the purpose of the institution itself, or to commemorate the regents of the Gasthuis, generally at moments of change, such as new appointments or retirement. On 15 April 2012
800-623: The 700-year anniversary of her death, Hungary issued a set of four stamps in her honor: on 21 April 1932; on 1 August 1944 one postage stamp was issued; on 16 July 1938 Czechoslovakia issued a stamp in her honor showing the Cathedral of St. Elizabeth in Košice . She was declared the patron saint of the same city in 2019. The hymn " Wenn das Brot, das wir teilen ", written for a pilgrimage to places in Thuringia connected to her life, refers to her Miracle of
850-545: The EG in 1942 by the German occupying forces during WWII, the space was later formally annexed by the EG in the late 1940s due to a lack of Jewish patients. The history museum that opened in 1990 was formed by a collaboration of various Haarlem societies, most notably the Haarlem Historical Society, that formed in 1975. The collaboration, called "Historisch Museum Zuid-kennemerland", represents various historical groups from
900-655: The Great of the Kievan Rus' . According to tradition, she was born in Hungary , possibly in the castle of Sárospatak , on 7 July 1207. However, a sermon printed in 1497 by the Franciscan friar Osvaldus de Lasco , a church official in Hungary, is the first source to specifically name Sárospatak as Elizabeth's birthplace, potentially building on local tradition. Osvaldus also translates
950-656: The abbey of Reinhardsbrunn . After Louis' death, his brother, Henry Raspe , assumed the regency during the minority of Elizabeth's eldest child, Hermann (1222–1241). After bitter arguments over the disposal of her dowry—a conflict in which Konrad was appointed as the official Defender of her case by Pope Gregory IX —Elizabeth left the court at Wartburg and moved to Marburg in Hesse . Her move seems to have been partly influenced by Konrad's strict dietary commands, which could not be met at Wartburg. Following her husband's death, Elizabeth made solemn vows to Konrad similar to those of
1000-514: The age of fourteen, is not proven to everyone's satisfaction. It must be kept in mind though that the Third Order was such a new development in the Franciscan movement, that no one official ritual had been established at that point. Elizabeth clearly had a ceremony of consecration in which she adopted a Franciscan religious habit in her new way of life, as noted above. Because of her support of
1050-679: The church of the Carmelites in Brussels ; another in the magnificent chapel of La Roche-Guyon , and a considerable part in a precious shrine is in the electoral treasury of Hanover. Another part of her relics were taken to Bogotá , then the capital of the Spanish New Kingdom of Granada , by friar Luis Zapata de Cárdenas . The relics are today inside a chapel dedicated to the saint in the Primatial Cathedral of Bogotá . Elizabeth of Hungary
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#17330937131401100-459: The city council to the hospital. As a hospital during four centuries, the complex underwent many major renovations. The main facade dates from 1871. The building is named after the society that ran the hospital, the St. Elisabeth Gasthuis , which is named after Elisabeth of Hungary . The society's original building, the Gangolf Gasthuis , was lost during the fire of 1572 and that land is now
1150-576: The crowned agate chalice in which her head rested, but returned it after being imprisoned by Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor . The reliquary chalice was subsequently plundered by Swedish troops during the Thirty Years' War , and is now on display at the Swedish History Museum . Her skull and some of her bones can be seen at the convent in Vienna bearing her name. A portion of her relics were kept in
1200-517: The eyes of his soul, and instead of a leper he saw the figure of Christ crucified stretched upon the bed." This story also appears in Franz Liszt 's oratorio about Elizabeth. Elizabeth died in Marburg at the age of twenty-four, on 17 November 1231. Very soon after the death of Elizabeth, miracles were reported that happened at her grave in the church of the hospital, especially those of healing. On
1250-446: The friars sent to Thuringia, she was made known to the founder, St Francis of Assisi , who sent her a personal message of blessing shortly before his death in 1226. Upon her canonization, she was declared the patron saint of the Third Order of St Francis, an honor she shares with St Louis IX of France . Saint Elizabeth is often depicted holding a basket of bread, or some other sort of food or beverage, characteristic of her devotion to
1300-424: The historical hospital site which covers an entire city block surrounding the old monastery garden later redesigned by Zocher and now called the "Egelantiertuin". The museum entrance situated at Groot Heiligland 47 was previously the polyclinic entrance to the hospital, joining the former Jewish Hospital "Joles" to the St. Elisabeth's Gasthuis. The Joles hospital, which itself had only been established in 1929–1931,
1350-758: The history from the siege of Haarlem in 1568-1572 up to the first railway locomotive ( Arend ) and the first flight of the Fokker Spin . The museum works together with schools and other museums in Haarlem, and often hosts temporary exhibitions on Kennemerland history. There is a combi-pass available for visitors choosing to visit both the Frans Hals Museum and the Museum Haarlem on the same day. 52°22′38″N 4°38′03″E / 52.37722°N 4.63417°E / 52.37722; 4.63417 St. Elisabeth Gasthuis, Haarlem The St. Elisabeth Gasthuis (EG)
1400-721: The hospital is from 1406, when Walterus Dullaert made a payment to the Utrecht Arch-diocese for serving the altar to Saint Elisabeth in the Haarlem Gasthuis. In 1683 the books were merged with the Hofje van Loo, a hofje that was associated with the Gangolf hospital in the old location. That hofje still exists today, though it is no longer actively administered by the hospital, which formed the "Elisabeth van Thüringen Fonds" in 1975 to administer its rich archives and artifacts. Since 1975,
1450-485: The ideals of Francis of Assisi , but started to live them. Louis was not upset by his wife's charitable efforts, believing that the distribution of his wealth to the poor would bring eternal reward; he is venerated in Thuringia as a saint, though he was never canonized by the church. It was also about this time that the priest and later inquisitor Konrad von Marburg gained considerable influence over Elizabeth when he
1500-498: The location of the Vroom & Dreesmann building (in which HEMA has an outlet store today - on the Verwulft. In 1581 the hospital petitioned the town for permission to build a new hospital while also filing for damages from the fire. They were awarded this location and the remaining monks in the monastery were forced to leave. On a map by Thomas Thomasz from 1578, both the burned Verwulft and
1550-510: The monastery complex can be seen clearly. Parts of the original complex are preserved, including the old regent rooms inside, though the furnishings and paintings have been transferred to the Frans Hals Museum . Though 1581 is the official establishment date, the St. Elisabeth Gasthuis was already well established in 1489, when the Hofje van Loo was formed. The earliest mention in the Utrecht archives of
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1600-567: The most tormented slaves under the sun." The year 2007 was proclaimed Elizabeth Year in Marburg. All year, events commemorating Elizabeth's life and works were held, culminating in a town-wide festival to celebrate the 800th anniversary of her birth on 7 July 2007. Pilgrims came from all over the world for the occasion, which ended with a special service in the Elisabeth Church that evening. A new musical based on Elizabeth's life, Elisabeth--die Legende einer Heiligen ( Elizabeth--Legend of
1650-646: The old location in Haarlem was abandoned for a new location on the southeastern edge of the city at Boerhaavelaan 22 in Schalkwijk. In 1991 the EG hospital merged with the St. Joannes de Deo (formerly located north of the Haarlem Railway Station ) and the Zeeweg Ziekenhuis (formerly of IJmuiden ). After the merger the old locations were closed or sold and a new large complex was built on the northern edge of Haarlem at Vondelweg 999. The Boerhaavelaan location
1700-464: The paintings should have been sold on the open market for hospital funding, rather than given to the Frans Hals Museum, but as the former curator Alexander de Bruin pointed out, the top regent group portraits had not been paid for by the institution but were funded privately by the regents themselves, or paid for by the city council. This was true of any art commissioned to decorate their hospital or
1750-555: The poor and hungry. The "miracle of the roses" has also proved a popular theme for artists. Peter Janssens composed a musical play ("Musikspiel") Elisabeth von Thüringen in 1984 on a libretto by Hermann Schulze-Berndt [ de ] . In Charlotte Brontë 's novel Villette , the Protestant narrator includes the story of Elizabeth's involvement with von Marburg as one of several Catholic stories of confessors "who had wickedly abused their office, trampling to deep degradation high-born ladies, making of countesses and princesses
1800-470: The poor in secret, she met her husband Louis on a hunting party (or in some versions Louis' brother Heinrich Raspe), to quell suspicions of the gentry that she was stealing treasure from the castle, asked her to reveal what was hidden under her cloak. In that moment, her cloak fell open and a vision of white and red roses could be seen, which proved to Louis that God's protecting hand was at work. However, this contradicts her vitae , which state that her husband
1850-548: The poor. Elizabeth's life changed irrevocably on 11 September 1227 when Louis, en route to join the Sixth Crusade , died of a fever in Otranto , Italy , just a few weeks before the birth of her daughter Gertrude. Upon hearing the news of her husband's death, the 20-year-old Elizabeth reportedly said, "He is dead. He is dead. It is to me as if the whole world died today." His remains were returned to Elizabeth in 1228 and entombed at
1900-426: The property of the city of Haarlem. Art currently installed or purchased under this rule is formally also considered the property of the city of Haarlem. The heraldic shield of the St. Elisabeth Gasthuis is three crowns, symbolizing the three kingdoms of St. Elizabeth; Hungary, Bohemia, and Thüringen. This was the hospital logo until the name changed. In Haarlem, the old logo can still be found in many places. In 1970
1950-428: The regent's offices, a practise which has continued into the present day, as the modern-day hospital Kennemer Gasthuis [ nl ] has commissioned works under the national "1% rule", referring to the spending of 1% of new building costs on art for decoration of public buildings (such as the new hospital premises). Art formerly purchased and in the possession of the fund are considered city cultural heritage and
2000-485: The region, including Haarlem , Schoten , Spaarndam , Heemstede , Bloemendaal , Santpoort and Zandvoort . The museum hosts a collection of historical paintings and artifacts, including items from the collection of the Coen Cuser Stichting, a former orphanage that has been converted to apartments, but whose line of regents live on in their Stichting. Their original builder's maquette by J.A.G. van der Steur of
2050-430: The sick with the money from her dowry, where she and her companions cared for them. The popular legend of the miracle of the roses was originally attributed to Elizabeth of Portugal , is absent from Elizabeth of Thuringia's earliest hagiography and was only later attributed to the latter. It also appears in that of many other saints. The version attributing it to Elizabeth of Hungary states that, while taking bread to
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2100-499: The suggestion of Konrad, and by papal command, examinations were held of those who had been healed between August 1232 and January 1235. The results of those examinations was supplemented by a brief vita of the saint-to-be, and together with the testimony of Elizabeth's handmaidens and companions (bound in a booklet called the Libellus de dictis quatuor ancillarum s. Elizabeth confectus ), proved sufficient reason for quick canonization. She
2150-721: Was canonized by Pope Gregory IX on 24 May 1235. The papal bull declaring her a saint is on display in the Schatzkammer of the Deutschordenskirche in Vienna . Her body was laid in a magnificent golden shrine—still to be seen today—in the Elisabethkirche in Marburg. Marburg became a center of the Teutonic Order , which adopted Saint Elizabeth as its secondary patroness. The Order remained in Marburg until its official dissolution by Napoleon in 1803. The Elisabethkirche
2200-452: Was a princess of the Kingdom of Hungary and the landgravine of Thuringia . Elizabeth was married at the age of 14, and widowed at 20. After her husband's death, she regained her dowry , using the money to build a hospital where she herself served the sick. She became a symbol of Christian charity after her death in 1231 at the age of 24 and was canonized on 25 May 1235. She is venerated as
2250-546: Was an ancestor of many leading aristocratic German families. Three hundred years after her death, one of Elizabeth's many descendants, Philip I, Landgrave of Hesse , a leader of the Protestant Reformation , raided the church in Marburg. He demanded that the Teutonic Order hand over Elizabeth's bones, in order to disperse her relics and thus put an end to the already declining pilgrimages to Marburg. Philip took away
2300-587: Was appointed as her confessor . In the spring of 1226, when floods, famine and plague wrought havoc in Thuringia, Louis, a staunch supporter of the Hohenstaufen Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor , represented Frederick II at the Imperial Diet held in Cremona . Elizabeth assumed control of affairs at home and distributed alms in all parts of their territory, even giving away state robes and ornaments to
2350-584: Was conducted throughout the Order, across the globe. There were also religious ceremonies held worldwide during that period. The yearlong observance of the centennial which began on her feast day in 2007 was closed at the General Chapter of the Order, held in Budapest in 2008. The New York region of the Order produced a movie of her life, produced by a sister of the Order, Lori Pieper. Saint Elizabeth of Hungary: On
2400-457: Was never troubled by her charity and always supported it. Another story told of Elizabeth, also found in Dietrich of Apolda's Vita , relates how she laid the leper Helias of Eisenach in the bed she shared with her husband. Her mother-in-law, who was horrified, told this immediately to Louis on his return. When Louis removed the bedclothes in great indignation, at that instant "Almighty God opened
2450-461: Was often called mistakenly the "Sint Joles" by townsfolk, and had always been affiliated with the EG, though it is topped with a copper tower with a Jewish star. Since they shared the same medical staff and financial administration, the only real difference between the two hospitals was the food served to patients, since the Jewish community preferred Kosher meals. After being separated administratively from
2500-621: Was the ancestress of the Landgraves of Hesse, since in the War of the Thuringian Succession she won Hesse for her son Heinrich I , called the Child . Elizabeth's third child, Gertrude of Altenberg (1227–1297), was born several weeks after the death of her father; she became abbess of the monastery of Altenberg Abbey, Hesse near Wetzlar . Elizabeth built a hospital at Marburg for the poor and
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