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35-906: The Historical Far Left was founded in 1877 by Agostino Bertani and Felice Cavallotti as a radical - liberal party. In 1882, the Radicals formed a far-left parliamentary group with Andrea Costa , the first Socialist to be elected to the Italian Parliament . The party supported complete separation of church and state , decentralization toward municipal governments, the United States of Europe according to Carlo Cattaneo 's beliefs, progressive taxation , an independent judiciary , free and compulsory education for children, universal suffrage , women's and workers' rights while opposing capital punishment as well as any kind of protectionism , nationalism , imperialism and colonialism . The Extreme

70-626: A British diplomat and supporter of Italian independence, for the freedom of Neapolitan political prisoners. In 1859 he founded a revolutionary journal at Genoa. At the outbreak of the Second Italian War of Independence in 1859, he joined as surgeon for the Garibaldian corps of the Cacciatori delle Alpi. After the war ended with the Conference of Villafranca , he became one of the organizers of

105-546: A banner to display at ceremonies and funerals of benefactors arose in 1927, and inspiration was taken from the banner of the Municipality of Milan , which has particularly solemn connotations. The front of the banner represents the Annunciation . On the other side, the dove is embroidered, surrounded by the heraldic insignias of the hospital's main benefactors: Sforza , Macchi , Del Sesto, Parravicini , Ponti, Secco Comneno ,

140-425: A democratic republican Italy, merging the energies of Mazzini and Garibaldi. When Garibaldi took Naples , Bertani was appointed Garibaldi's secretary-general, in which capacity he reorganized the police, abolished the secret service fund, founded twelve infant asylums, prepared for the suppression of the religious orders, and planned the sanitary reconstruction of the city. He entered parliament in 1861 and opposed

175-664: The Expedition of the Thousand against the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies. Remaining at Genoa after Garibaldi's departure for Marsala , he organized four separate volunteer corps, two of which were intended for Sicily and two for the Papal States . The Sardinian Prime Minister, Camillo Cavour , however, commanded all four corps to sail for Sicily. Bertani allocated many of his efforts to organize

210-678: The San Carlo Borromeo di Milano (also designed by Giò Ponti) and the Sesto San Giovanni hospitals. The institution was later divided, giving autonomy to the different institutes, whilst others were founded independently and included later. In 1909 the Adelina brothers and Marco De Marchi founded the Asilo per le madri povere legittime "Regina Elena" (Regina Elena Refuge for Poor Mothers), which remained an independent service until 1990. In 1957 it

245-550: The University of Milan 's Interdepartmental Centre of Infrared and Diagnostic Reflectography of Cultural Heritage , run by Professor Duilio Bertani. The ancient Egyptian papyrus is called Libro per uscire dal giorno ("Book to leave the day") and reproduces the famous Book of the Dead , a series of formulae aimed to facilitate the soul on its last journey beyond the western horizon toward the afterlife. The scroll, almost seven metres long,

280-630: The Certosa di Pavia, a monastery complex in Lombardy, Northern Italy), the hospital formed part of the completion of the reform of hospitals started by the Archbishop Rampini in the years of the Golden Ambrosian Republic . The cloisters' completion and ornamentation were carried out by Giovanni Antonio Amadeo, Solari's son-in-law and pupil. Although the hospital was founded for the poor, it

315-497: The Duke was married to Bianca Maria Visconti at the time. Entering Milan victorious on 25 March 1450 (the day of Annunciation ), the Duke decided to dedicate a charitable institution to Annunciata. It was then that the new foundation became the Spedale della Nunciata . Designed by the renowned architect Filarete and built by the engineer Guiniforte Solari (responsible for the courtyard of

350-589: The Garibaldi's expedition against Rome . After Garibaldi was defeated at the Battle of Aspromonte in 1862, he treated Garibaldi's wounds. In 1866, during the Third Italian War of Independence , he organized the medical service for the 40,000 Garibaldians, and the following year fought at the Battle of Mentana . In 1866, Bertani founded a journal for social reform called La Riforma . Bertani's parliamentary career

385-663: The Ravasco firm, and Alfredo Ravasco , the company director, wanted to donate precious stones. Meanwhile, the Bartelli firm had completed the gold and silver embroidery on pure silk. The banner was inaugurated by Cardinal Ildefonso Schuster on 24 March 1935 (the first day of the Festival of Forgiveness ) during a solemn function held in Milan's Duomo . In 1938 a copy was made, in order to be able to transport it with ease with just two poles. The original

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420-530: The Transfusional Center, the blood bank is concerned with identifying donors for rare blood groups, as well as coordinating and maintaining regional and national efforts with regards to obtaining units of rare blood groups for cases concerning complex pathologies. Cell Factory "Franco Calori" is a GMP facility devoted to the production of cellular therapy products to be employed in experimental clinical protocols. It hosts research efforts mainly dedicated to

455-431: The department still bears his name. When the hospital moved it was decided that a general hospital would be created in the area of Niguarda (a neighbouring municipality, which had become part of Milan in 1923). This hospital was designed by Giò Ponti and inaugurated in 1932. It kept the name Ca' Granda, whilst the new general hospital took the name Ospedale Maggiore. Further additions to the hospital institution included

490-431: The duty of assisting children in need, who, considered as 'the hospital's children', took the surname 'Colombo', meaning 'dove'. The Niguarda, Sesto San Giovanni and San Carlo Borromeo hospitals also obtained insignias or sculptures reminiscent of the dedication. The hospital has two banners of honour: one large banner, maintained in a museum collection, and a pair of smaller banners for use in ceremonies. The need for

525-608: The first COVID-19 breakout in March 2020, 300 of those beds were readapted for COVID-19 patients. There are three emergency rooms for different categories of patients. The maternity ward (Mangiagalli Clinic) has the highest number of births in Lombardy . The Foundation is a scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Health Care (IRCCS), which means that, alongside clinical activity, it promotes research programs with predominantly translational purposes. The programs are concerned with

560-581: The following biological sample banks and centers: The hospital hosts the Milano Cord Blood Bank, which has an inventory of 9,000 umbilical cord blood acquired from donations, which is used for more than 500 stem cell transplants in Italy and abroad. The biobank contains about 200,000 samples of biological materials such as serum, cells, DNA and RNA. These samples are kept between -80 and 196 °C and used by about 23 research programmes . Part of

595-456: The founding of the state university , which took over the old buildings of the Ca' Granda , where it remains today. The Ospedale Maggiore moved to a vast area between the streets of Francesco Sforza (the site of the canal ), Porta Romana, Lamarmora and Commenda. The obstetrics and gynaecology department was the first to be inaugurated, by Luigi Mangiagalli (the first Chancellor of the university), and

630-493: The institute's pharmacy (the mummy was in fact, at the time, considered to be a pharmacological remedy). The mummy then became part of the Civic Archaeological and Numismatic Collections at Sforza Castle . The Ospedale Maggiore General Hospital- Mangiagalli- Regina Elena Foundation, has two executive committees which are divided into separate departments. Ospedale Maggiore General Hospital Committee The hospital hosts

665-557: The municipality of Milano, Pio II Piccolomini , Pio IV Medici di Marignano , Pio XI Ratti , Cardinals Saint Carlo Borromeo e Schuster, and the Order of the Holy Sepulchre . The project and its realisation were the responsibility of the Milanese architect Giò Ponti , who intended to add value to the banner using both materials and techniques. The metallic parts of the banner were created by

700-629: The outbreak of the revolutions of 1848 , he participated in the leadership. He fearlessly advocated for democracy, and thus was opposed to the fusion of Lombard republic with the Kingdom of Sardinia . Exiled from Lombardy, he gravitated to the Roman Republic of 1849, where as medical officer, organized another ambulance service similar to one he had established previously in Milan. After the fall of Rome, he withdrew to Genoa , where he worked with James Hudson ,

735-582: The possibility to form a small opposition parliamentary group, but only after the introduction of the universal suffrage in 1913 did The Extreme become the dominant left-wing party of the Italian Chamber of Deputies and the winning coalition in many municipal and provincial elections in Northern Italy . The Historical Far Left emerged as an important parliamentary force when the progressive Historical Left overthrew Marco Minghetti 's government during

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770-509: The rapid transfer of therapies from the laboratory to patients. As of 2020: In 1456 the Duke of Milan , Francesco Sforza , founded the Magna Domus Hospitalis ( Ca' Granda ), a hospital dedicated to Annunciata (a municipality of the province of Brescia, Northern Italy). He did so primarily to gain the affection of its people, who were followers of Milan's Visconti family, even though

805-418: The right and left, Bertani refused to enter the government. In 1885, along with Anna Maria Mozzoni , he made a visit to the anarchist Giovanni Passannante , imprisoned for attempted murder to King Umberto I , and denounced his prison conditions. Bertani remained in parliament until his death on 10 April 1886. The Italian Regia Marina (Royal Navy) destroyer Agostino Bertani , commissioned in 1919,

840-731: The scene of the Annunciation and the Latin motto 'ave gratiae plena' ("hail, full of grace"). Later it was simplified to a picture of the dove of the Holy Spirit . The heraldic representation, still the basis of the Foundation's current logo, is closely linked with the Visconti symbol of the flaming, radiant turtle-dove. The olive branch in the bird's beak was added later. Until 1825 the Organisation had

875-594: The so-called Parliamentary Revolution of 1876, which brought Agostino Depretis to become Prime Minister . However, Depretis immediately began to look for support among the Right Members of Parliament, who readily changed their positions, in a context of widespread corruption . This phenomenon, known in Italian as trasformismo (roughly translatable in English as "transformism"—in a satirical newspaper, Prime Minister Depretis

910-575: The study of adult human stem cells, their potential and their differentiating capacity, and a GMP unit for cell manipulation authorized for production of products for advanced cell therapy. It is a collaborative organ donation and transplant program between the 5 regions of Italy and an Autonomous Province. Founded in 1972, the NITp is historically the first Italian organization in the field of transplants. It caters toover 20 million inhabitants in Lombardy , Liguria , Veneto , Friuli-Venezia Giulia , Marche and

945-544: Was an Italian revolutionary and physician during Italian unification . Bertani was born in Milan on 19 October 1812. His father was an administrator for the Napoleonic government of Lombardy. He graduated as a surgeon from the University of Pavia in 1835. After some travels, he settled down in 1839 to work as a surgeon in Milan. By 1848, he had been named the chief surgeon at the Ospedale Maggiore of Milan . With

980-538: Was converted into a specialist hospital and in 1968 it became the Regina Elena Institute of Obstetrics-Gynaecology and Paediatrics. From 1998 to 2004 the clinical Institutes of Faithful Improvement, Mangiagalli and Regina Elena were placed under the same authority . In 2010 the name of the hospital was changed, reverting to the former Ca' Granda. The university has hosted prominent medical doctors and experts including: The organisation's insignia used to bear

1015-674: Was depicted as a chameleon ), effectively removed political differences in Parliament, which was dominated by an undistinguished liberal bloc with a landslide majority until after World War I . Important leaders and members of the Historical Far Left were Agostino Bertani , Andrea Costa , Filippo Turati , Napoleone Colajanni , Francesco Saverio Nitti , Giovanni Bovio , Giovanni Cantoni , Felice Cavallotti , Enrico Ferri , Ernesto Nathan and Ettore Sacchi . Agostino Bertani Agostino Bertani (19 October 1812 – 10 April 1886)

1050-507: Was from the outset a hospital where people with some hope of recovery were treated. Chronic diseases were treated in hospitals outside the city. For this reason the Ospedale Maggiore has always been the centre of health information in the city. At the beginning of the 20th century, it was decided that the hospital would be moved to a location beyond the canal (where work had already been started on its expansion). This move coincided with

1085-437: Was less successful than his revolutionary activity. After the capture of Rome in 1870 he became the leader of the extreme left in the new Italian parliament. His chief work as deputy was an inquiry into the sanitary conditions of the peasantry, and the preparation of the sanitary code adopted by the administration of Francesco Crispi . With the introduction of " transformismo " by Agostino Depretis in 1876, drawing ministers from

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1120-487: Was mainly formed by three groups: The Historical Far Left, supporting the republic and consequently the abrogation of the Albertine Statute , was seen as an anticonstitutional movement. Under the oligarchic electoral law of newly unified Italy, there were no possibilities for The Extreme to enter the Italian Parliament , except for some national heroes such as Giuseppe Garibaldi . The electoral reform of 1882 allowed

1155-714: Was moved to a collection in 1942 and decorated with crystals by the Silvestri firm. At the beginning of the 19th century, the Milanese Carlo Ingnazio Busca brought a mummy in a sarcophagus and a papyrus to Milan. Today, the mummy can be found at Sforza Castle , while the papyrus is housed in the Historical Archive of the General Hospital. It is not open to public viewing, but is reproduced digitally with infra-red reflectography thanks to an agreement with

1190-530: Was named for Bertani. Ospedale Maggiore of Milan The Policlinico of Milan ( Italian : Policlinico di Milano ), also known as Ospedale Maggiore di Milano or Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico , is the public district general hospital in Milan . It is one of the oldest hospitals in Italy , founded by Francesco I Sforza , Duke of Milan , in 1456. Today it is a modern hospital with 900 beds, with wards for adults, pregnant women and children. During

1225-595: Was produced in Thebes for the scribe and designer Pthamose at the beginning of the nineteenth dynasty of Egypt (1305-1200 BC). It shows a complete text, full of drawings, and it mentions a series of formulae to activate several amulets, which is rare in similar papyri. The heirs of the mummy had to decide what to do with this souvenir , and, taking advice from Dr. Pessani of the Ciceri-Agnesi Fatebenesorelle Hospital , they were persuaded to donate it to

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