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49-663: Hill Park Secondary School was the oldest high school on the Hamilton Mountain and was a member of the Hamilton-Wentworth District School Board . The school, located at 465 East 16th Street in Hamilton, was founded in 1955 as a fully composite high school, and was the first secondary school built on the Hamilton Mountain. The school was built as part of Hamilton's need for more secondary schools to match

98-462: A Roman Catholic church in Hamilton, Ontario Canada . The Cathedral was consecrated on December 19, 1933. The cathedral is perched atop a hill overlooking Highway 403 leading in towards the rest of Hamilton and one travelling towards Oakville , Mississauga and Toronto . CHCH -TV 11 began broadcasting in 1954 as a CBC affiliate from a studio on King Street West (close to Victoria Park) and

147-455: A backup until the replacement opened on October 14, 2020. Drive to 85 was a program that gave students more ways to accumulate credits to graduate while improving the quality of high school education in the province. The program's aim was for 85% of Ontario students to graduate from secondary school by the 2010-2011 school year. Hamilton Mountain Hamilton is located on the western end of

196-461: A broad street and backed onto a twelve-foot lane. It took at least a decade for all of the original lots to be sold, but the construction of the Burlington Canal in 1823, and a new court-house in 1827 encouraged Hamilton to add more blocks around 1828–9. At this time, he included a market square in an effort to draw commercial activity onto his lands, but the natural growth of the town was to

245-594: A new eight-storey Holiday Inn opened on the site of the old transit terminal between King and Main at Catharine Street . It's now called Effort Square and the hotel is a Crowne Plaza . Effort Square is also the home of the Lincoln Alexander Centre. Modern day architectural developments on King Street include the following, Phase 1 of Lloyd D. Jackson Square (mall) was completed, including 100 King Street West (Stelco Tower) and 1 James Street North (Bank of Montreal Pavilion) in 1972. Then in 1977,

294-572: A regular grid pattern. Streets were designated "East" or "West" if they crossed James Street or Highway 6. Streets were designated "North" or "South" if they crossed King Street or Highway 8. The overall design of the townsite, likely conceived in 1816, was commonplace. George Hamilton employed a grid street pattern used in most towns in Upper Canada and throughout the American frontier. The eighty original lots had frontages of fifty feet; each lot faced

343-601: A transmitter located at 481 First Road West in Stoney Creek . At the time, all private stations were required to be CBC affiliates. Then in 1961, CHCH disaffiliated from the CBC and became an independent TV station. CHCH-TV 11 studios are now at the corner of Jackson Street West and Caroline Streets . The old studio building on King Street West is now the Westside Concert Theatre. In 1966, Terminal Towers including

392-568: Is another King Street in Hamilton, which runs through the Dundas district, which was an independent town prior to being amalgamated with Hamilton in 2001. King Street follows the path of an old native trail; it was named for King George III . In 1815, George Hamilton , a settler and local politician, established a town site in the northern portion of the Barton Township . He kept several east-west roads which were originally Indian trails, but

441-529: Is 200 feet (61 m) thick, suggesting that the water must have been shallower in Hamilton. The shale layer underlying the limestone in the Escarpment allows for its perpendicularity; the soft shale wears away more rapidly than limestone and thus the top layer always stays out farther than the part below. The Dundas Valley is a glacial re-entrant valley , formed by several advances and retreats of an ice lobe. A thick layer of glacial and post-glacial deposits

490-486: Is 22 °C (71.6 °F) and humidity is usually high during the peak of summer. Daytime highs in the 30s with humidex making it feel above 40 °C are quite common anytime from May through early October. The climate of the lower city is in general much more sheltered and milder than on top of the Mountain, which has a shorter growing season and in winter is prone to more wind whipped lake effect snows . Generally

539-619: Is a free service offered by the Hamilton Street Railway . It has a seasonal schedule that runs weekends from May-to-October connecting Hamilton's downtown core to the waterfront and attractions that can be found there like HMCS Haida and the Parks Canada Discovery Centre. The route circles Hamilton's downtown core around York Boulevard (north), Bay Street South (west), King Street West (south) and James Street North (east). Then it travels north along James Street and

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588-684: Is another summertime food & beverage festival that features some of the top Blues and Jazz acts in the region. In 2001, the Steven Seagal film Exit Wounds used the streets of Downtown Hamilton for a period of 6-weeks during a night shoot of the movie's climatic chase scene that features the Gore Park water fountain and the Hamilton GO Transit station , Original site of the Toronto, Hamilton and Buffalo Railway (1892–1987). The Waterfront Shuttle

637-462: Is broken up into several areas, well known to the local residents. Some 'sections' of the city include: Ainslie Wood , The North End, Downtown, the East and West End, Westdale (the area where McMaster University is located, and therefore has a high percentage of students), Beasley, Crown Point, McQuesten, Stinson, Locke, Dundas, Ancaster (including Meadowlands, which is often seen as separate from Ancaster),

686-664: Is commonly referred to as "the Mountain" by locals. On average the Hamilton Mountain is 4–5 km inland from the Lake Ontario shoreline and at its edge affords views of the city and harbour. The number of waterfalls within the City of Hamilton limits have recently inspired local tourism interests to market Hamilton as the "City of Waterfalls". More than 100 waterfalls and cascades flow over Hamilton Mountain within city limits, including Stoney Creek, Red Hill Creek, Grindstone Creek, Spencer Gorge Waterfall and Chedoke Creek, which flows into

735-454: Is found on the valley floor. Glacial geomorphological features such as kame moraines and kettles are present. During the last glacial retreat, a large lake called Lake Iroquois was in the approximate location of Lake Ontario. It was likely formed as a result of ice damming in the St. Lawrence River . The lake laid down glaciolacustrine sediments such as sand and clay in the lower city and created

784-523: Is rare. One notable exception was a late season tornado that occurred November 9, 2005 damaging hundreds of houses and lifted off Lawfield Middle School's gymnasium roof on the Hamilton Mountain, injuring two students and leaving the school structurally unsound. Environment Canada confirmed an F1 tornado struck the area; this was one of the latest dates in any year that a confirmed tornado touched down in Canada . King Street (Hamilton, Ontario) There

833-538: Is the largest annual free music event in the country. Burton Cummings , Lighthouse and Bruce Cockburn have been among the main stage headliners at Gage Park on Gage Avenue . WestJet is a major sponsor of the festival. Hamilton is also home to the Mustard Festival [1] because Hamilton is home to the largest miller of dry mustard in the world. It's held annually at Ferguson Station , Ferguson Avenue and King Street East at Hamilton's International Village and

882-633: The Crystal Palace . The Crystal Palace saw various Agricultural Exhibitions. It was modeled on the famous Crystal Palace designed and built in London, England . By 1891 the structure was in bad condition and decision was made to demolish it. All traces disappeared from the site which is now known as Victoria Park. In 1893, The Right House opened. It was Hamilton's first large department store. On 30 October 1893, The Sir John A. Macdonald Statue arrives in Hamilton from London, England . Official dedication of

931-863: The Hamilton Harbour and most of which can be found along the Bruce Trail . During the Ordovician period, the Michigan Basin was under a shallow, tropical sea. Muds and sands were deposited from erosion of the Taconic Mountains to the south, creating the base shale and sandstone units of the Niagara Escarpment. Later, during Silurian period, the Taconic Mountains stopped uplifting, erosion slowed, and calcium carbonate sediments formed, creating

980-647: The Niagara Peninsula and wraps around the westernmost part of the Lake Ontario . Most of the city including the downtown section lies along the south shore. Situated in the geographic centre of the Golden Horseshoe , it lies roughly midway between Toronto and Buffalo . The two major physical features are Hamilton Harbour marking the northern limit of the city and the Niagara Escarpment running through

1029-614: The Terminal Building on King Street ), Lyric Theatre (Mary Street) and The Loews Theatre renamed later to The Capitol (King Street East). In 1925 the first traffic lights in Canada went into operation at the Delta. (11 June 1925). McMaster University moved to Hamilton, Ontario from Toronto in 1930, thanks to the efforts of Thomas McQuesten . Christ the King Cathedral , is

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1078-459: The 1930s who "became champions of parks, greenspace and roads" in Hamilton. Hamilton Harbour is a natural harbour with a large sandbar called the Beachstrip. This sandbar was deposited during a period of higher lake levels during the last ice age, and extends southeast through the central lower city to the escarpment. Hamilton's deep sea port is accessed by ship canal through the Beachstrip into

1127-548: The First World War. The Pantages Theatre opened up in 1921 on King Street, (between Catharine Street and Mary Street), with a seating capacity of 3,500 made it the largest theatre in Canada at the time. In 1930 it was renamed The Palace Theatre . It closed down in 1972. Hamilton one time was home to many Grand Theatres, all of which are no longer in existence. These include, Grand Opera House ( James Street North ), Savoy Theatre (Merrick Street), Temple Theatre (behind

1176-465: The Hamilton area called this bay Macassa , meaning "beautiful waters" . This sandbar was deposited during a period of higher lake levels during the last ice age, and extends southeast through the central lower city to the escarpment. Hamilton's deep sea port is accessed by ship canal through the beach strip into the harbour and is traversed by two bridges, the QEW 's Burlington Bay - James N. Allan Skyway and

1225-541: The Provincial Government, and native Hamiltonian, T.B. McQuesten . The climate of Hamilton is humid continental ( Dfa type) and relatively mild compared with most Canadian cities. The average January temperature is −5 °C (23.0 °F) downtown, but many days rise just above freezing often making for slushy conditions during snowfalls. Winter snowfall averages 126 centimetres (50 in) with great year-to-year variation. The average July temperature

1274-528: The West, Central, and East Mountain, Stoney Creek and Stoney Creek Mountain. These areas are all unique, and the people, economy and cultures vary a great deal across the city. The Niagara Escarpment in Hamilton is a vertical wall of limestone , sandstone and shale that runs through southern Ontario from western New York to the Wisconsin / Illinois border. The Hamilton portion, in many places 100 m (330') tall,

1323-399: The area in 1803 as he remembered it: "The city in 1803 was all forest. The shores of the bay were difficult to reach or see because they were hidden by a thick, almost impenetrable mass of trees and undergrowth...Bears ate pigs, so settlers warred on bears. Wolves gobbled sheep and geese, so they hunted and trapped wolves. They also held organized raids on rattlesnakes on the mountainside. There

1372-535: The beach bar between Cootes Paradise and Hamilton Harbour . In 1857, when the Great Western railroad made the present opening for the Desjardins Canal , the bones of a mammoth were found. In 1931, they found the antlers of an elk in a gravel pit near Locke Street South . Soil in Hamilton is predominately derived from glacial drift (glaciolacustrine sediments in the lower city; glacial tills in

1421-700: The community; the Gore , acquired by the city in 1852, Dundurn , which was appropriated by the City in 1899, and Victoria Park on King Street West , which by this time had lost an imposing landmark, the Crystal Palace. From then on other parks were opened in town because of the efforts of the group. These include, (in chronological order); Mountain Drive (1905), Beulah (1908), Stewart & LaSalle (1912), Delta (1914), Gage (1917), whose Rose Garden attracted tourists province-wide, Scott (1919), which eventually became

1470-588: The first World War . Hamilton's Cenotaph is a replica of the British Cenotaph in Westminster, London by Edwin Lutyens and Hamilton one was designed by William Russell Souter (1894–1971), a Hamilton architect , and World War I veteran. It consists of a huge granite column with an image of a casket at its summit. Two smaller columns are at its side with carved replicas of the equipment used by Canadian troops in

1519-474: The former Hamilton mayor, Victor K. Copps . In 1987, the first of two reflective glass buildings of the CIBC tower ( Commerce Place I ) opened at King and James opposite Gore Park . The other ( Commerce Place II ) opened in 1990. Hamilton has hosted several cultural and craft fairs since the 1960s, notably Festival of Friends , which made it a major tourist destination. The Festival of Friends, founded in 1975,

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1568-505: The future home of Civic Stadium ( Ivor Wynne Stadium ), Parkdale & Chedoke (1925), Ainslie Woods (1927), King's Forest , Mahoney , and Donohue (1929), Bruce (1936), and Mount Hamilton (1939). 3,000 acres (12 km ) altogether were acquired and developed by the Board in the span of a half a century . The City's Parks Board drew up plans in 1927 for the construction of a full-scale botanical gardens. By 1930 work had started on

1617-571: The harbour, the canal being traversed by two bridges, the QEW's Burlington Bay James N. Allan Skyway and the lower Canal Lift Bridge. Between 1788 and 1793, the townships at the Head-of-the-Lake were surveyed and named. The area was first known as The Head-of-the-Lake for its location at the western end of Lake Ontario. John Ryckman, born in Barton township (where present day downtown Hamilton is), described

1666-586: The increasing enrollment of baby boomers . The HWDSB announced on 24 May 2012 that Hill Park Secondary School will close, along with Barton Secondary School and Mountain Secondary School . The students will be consolidated into a new, $ 25 million school, to be named Nora Frances Henderson Secondary School. The school closed in June 2014 and the students from the school moved over to the former Barton Secondary School, renamed to Nora Frances Henderson Secondary School as

1715-495: The lower Canal Lift Bridge . Hamilton Harbour ranks one of Canada's largest seaports. The Hamilton Port Authority manages the heavily industrial harbour. Hamilton Harbour Fast Facts: Downtown began and remains around Gore Park and the intersection of King and James Streets . Central Hamilton extends from the base of the Mountain north to Barton Street , west to Chedoke Creek or Dundurn Street , and east to approximately Wentworth Street or Sherman Avenues . West Hamilton or

1764-441: The lower city receives less snow than the upper city. The escarpment also greatly affects summer weather ; temperature inversions can make the downtown many degrees warmer, particularly at night , and often an inversion will combine with the physical barrier of the escarpment to trap smog in the downtown area, sometimes reducing downtown visibility to less than 2 km. Summer rains can be heavy but in general severe weather

1813-505: The middle of the city across its entire breadth, bisecting the city into 'upper' and 'lower' parts. According to records from local historians , this district was called "Attawandaronia" by the native Neutral people . Hamilton is one of 11 cities showcased in the book, " Green City : People, Nature & Urban Places" by Quebec author Mary Soderstrom, which examines the city as an example of an industrial powerhouse co-existing with nature. Soderstrom credits Thomas McQuesten and family in

1862-481: The mountain is Upper James Street , and the east/west divide line for downtown is James Street. The south Mountain begins at approximately Limeridge Road or the Lincoln M. Alexander Expressway . The former boroughs of Hamilton-Wentworth Region, are: Stoney Creek , Dundas , Flamborough , Ancaster and Township of Glanbrook . They have maintained their names as wards in the amalgamated city. Hamilton, like many cities,

1911-514: The north of Hamilton's plot. The Hamilton Conservation Authority owns, leases or manages about 4,500 hectares (11,100 acres) of land with the City operating 1,077 hectares (2,661 acres) of parkland at 310 locations. Many of the parks are located along the Niagara Escarpment, which runs from Tobermory at the tip of the Bruce Peninsula in the north, to Queenston at the Niagara River in

1960-453: The north-south streets were on a regular grid pattern. Streets were designated "East" or "West" if they crossed James Street or Highway 6. Streets were designated "North" or "South" if they crossed King Street or Highway 8. Gore Park is located along two sections of King Street East from John Street and James Street. In 1860, Edward, Prince of Wales (who later became King Edward VII ) was in Hamilton to open up Gore Park (town centre) and

2009-590: The project which converted a stone quarry into a horticultural showcase, known as the Royal Botanical Gardens . A decade later a bill was introduced in the Provincial Legislature calling for an even more ambitious project which when completed would become the "Mecca of flower lovers from all parts of North America" its supporters claimed. The sponsor of the legislation was the Minister of Highways in

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2058-699: The second phase of Jackson Square was completed along with a 9 storey office building called the Robert Thomson Building , but not the department store intended to be its major attraction. Also in 1977, The Art Gallery of Hamilton opened beside the Board of Education building. In 1981, The Hamilton Convention Centre and the government office tower above it opened. The tower was named the Ellen Fairclough Building one year later in 1982. In 1983, 120 King Street West (Standard Life Centre) opened at

2107-488: The south, and provides views of the cities and towns at the western end of Lake Ontario. The hiking path Bruce Trail runs the length of the escarpment. Hamilton is home to more than 100 waterfalls and cascades , most of which are on or near the Bruce Trail as it winds through the Niagara Escarpment. Burlington Bay is a natural harbour with a large sandbar called the Beachstrip. The first aboriginals to settle in

2156-417: The statue took place 1 November 1893. Located at the intersection of King and Hughson Streets . Prime Minister Sir John Thompson in attendance. The Cenotaph at Veteran's Place at Gore Park was unveiled on May 22, 1923 by Governor General Viscount Byng who led Canadians into France and Flanders . The Cenotaph commemorates the 53,000 Canadian soldiers, 2,000 of them Hamiltonians, who were killed during

2205-455: The upper limestone and dolomite beds of the Escarpment. Fossils such as sponges , crinoids , brachiopods and rugose corals , indicating warm tropical waters, can be found in the Escarpment. There were fish , a species of shark , but none of their remains have been found in this district. The limestone layer of rock found here becomes thicker as one goes northward. At Manitoulin Island it

2254-481: The upper city) and from limestone and shale erosion. Acting on provisions of the Public Parks Act of 1883, the voters of Hamilton, on 8 January 1900, endorsed a by-law establishing the Board of Parks Management, an independent body whose members were appointed for three-year terms. The need for the new organization was obvious as when it began there were only three formal parklands at the disposal of residents in

2303-679: The west end begins at Dundurn Street or Chedoke Creek. East Hamilton or the east end begins at approximately Ottawa Street or Kenilworth Avenue . North Hamilton or the north end begins at Barton Street or the Canadian National Railways (CN) tracks. As city limits expanded to include the Mountain , the retronym for the city below the Escarpment became the Lower City (now often just referred to as downtown). The east/west divide line for

2352-412: The west end of Jackson Square . In 1985, Sheraton Hamilton , connected to Jackson Square , opened, boosting downtown Hamilton's hotel space. In 1985, FirstOntario Centre (Formerly Copps Coliseum),a sports and entertainment arena with a capacity of up to 19,000 (depending on event type and configuration) opens its doors for business (one block North of King Street at Bay Street ). It was named after

2401-402: Was plenty of game. Many a time have I seen a deer jump the fence into my back yard, and there were millions of pigeons which we clubbed as they flew low." George Hamilton , a settler and local politician, established a town site in the northern portion of Barton Township in 1815. He kept several east–west roads which were originally Indian trails, but the north–south streets were on

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