83-456: Highland Springs Reservoir is a reservoir located about 4.5 miles southwest of Kelseyville, California adjacent to Highland Springs . The area around the reservoir as well as the reservoir itself is a popular recreation site with activities such as disc golf , and a hiking trail. The reservoir is stocked with warm water fish such as largemouth bass , sunfish , bluegill , catfish and bullhead. This Lake County, California –related article
166-684: A brewpub are located downtown Kelseyville. Since 1993, the town hosts the annual Kelseyville Pear Festival on the last Saturday in September. In the California State Legislature , Kelseyville is in the 2nd Senate District , represented by Democrat Mike McGuire , and in the 4th Assembly District , represented by Democrat Cecilia Aguiar-Curry . Federally, Kelseyville is in California's 4th congressional district , represented by Democrat Mike Thompson . Kelseyville
249-509: A boarding house were opened by Rosenbreau and Pace. Kelsey Creek runs through the town and ends in Clear Lake . The Kelseyville zip code also encompasses part of Big Valley, as well as the Soda Bay , Riviera Heights , Buckingham Park , Riviera West and Kelseyville Riviera neighborhoods. The community also encompasses Clear Lake State Park and Mount Konocti County Park. According to
332-504: A grade each year. The site of the adobe home Charles Stone and Andrew Kelsey forced local Native Americans to build them in the 1840s is located at the corner of Main Street and Bell Hill Road, immediately west of Kelsey Creek . Nothing is left of the home; its materials were salvaged by later white settlers. Stone's and Kelsey's remains are under the monument, which is designated as California Historical Landmark No. 426. Located at
415-563: A group of Northern Pomo people bought 7 acres in Coyote Valley. In 1880, another Northern Pomo group bought 100 acres along Ackerman Creek (now known as Pinoleville)". In 1881, Yokaya Rancheria was financed by central Pomo people. Once the Pomo Indians had bought the land, it was time to make money. Baskets were in so much demand at this point, even though they were once used for trade and bartering with other tribes and people, they now became
498-450: A healer spirit. A later shamanistic movement was the "Messiah Cult", introduced by the Wintun people. It was practiced through 1900. This cult believed in prophets who had dreams, "waking visions" and revelations from "presiding spirits", and "virtually formed a priesthood". The prophets earned much respect and status among the people. The record of Pomo myths, legends, tales, and histories
581-607: A pizzeria. It was designated in 1961 as the "oldest commercial building" by the Lake County Historical Society and the Kelseyville Womens Club. Nowadays only marked by a sign atop a knoll along the southern stretch of Main Street, Gas Hill was the site of a natural gas pocket accidentally discovered in 1868 when digging a well. A match thrown into the hole triggered an explosion. Over the following decades, several successive owners attempted to commercialize
664-450: A population of 3,353. The population density was 1,159.9 inhabitants per square mile (447.8/km ). The racial makeup of Kelseyville was 2,213 (66.0%) White , 22 (0.7%) African American , 51 (1.5%) Native American , 32 (1.0%) Asian , 2 (0.1%) Pacific Islander , 888 (26.5%) from other races , and 145 (4.3%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1,337 persons (39.9%). The Census reported that 3,349 people (99.9% of
747-505: A unified group. Instead, they lived in small groups or bands linked by lineage and marriage. According to certain linguistic hypotheses, the Pomo descend from Hokan -speaking peoples; per this theory, a Hokan-speaking people migrated into the upland valley regions near Clear Lake ca. 7000 BCE , where their language evolved into Proto-Pomoan. Another theory places the Pomoan ancestral community in
830-533: Is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Kelseyville, California Kelseyville is a unincorporated community in Lake County, California , located six miles (9.7 kilometers) southeast of Lakeport , at an elevation of 1,384 feet (422 meters). For statistical purposes, the United States Census Bureau has defined that community as a census-designated place (CDP). Its population
913-406: Is a strong indicator of the size and complexity of native California trade networks. The next phase, named the "Smith Phase" after the Pomo consultants, lasted from 1300 CE to the mid-19th century. Researchers mapped 30 sites in this era, showing a gradual evolving and intensification of trends. Archery , and its associated applications, was a major technological advancement which greatly benefited
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#1732880959121996-503: Is considered sacred to the Pomo tribe and baskets were produced for a variety of purposes. Pomo children were cradled in baskets, acorns (a major food staple to the Pomo) were harvested in great conical burden baskets, and food was stored, cooked, and served in baskets—some even being watertight. There were even "baskets" that were made as boats to be pushed by men to carry women across rivers. A commercial market for authentic baskets developed in
1079-463: Is expected to provide a recommendation as part of the process. The initiative has triggered opposition from another group, which has been campaigning under the "Save Kelseyville" slogan, arguing that renaming the town could be costly and cause confusion. A decision from the USBGN is expected in 2024 or 2025. On July 30, 2024, the county's Board of Supervisors voted to approve a countywide "advisory measure" on
1162-629: Is extensive. The body of narratives is classed within the Central California cultural pattern. Carex roots are used to make baskets, and used to tend fishing traps. They are also used to make torches. Pomo baskets made by Pomo Indian women of Northern California are recognized worldwide for their exquisite appearance, range of technique, fineness of weave, and diversity of form and use. While women mostly made baskets for cooking, storing food, and religious ceremonies, Pomo men also made baskets for fishing weirs, bird traps, and baby baskets. Making
1245-621: Is in the process of revival due to efforts by Clear Lake Pomo Cultural Preservation Foundation. The Pomo Indian cultures are several ethnolinguistic groups that make up a single language family in Northern California. Pomo cultures originally encompassed hundreds of independent communities. Like many other Native groups, the Pomo Indians of Northern California relied upon fishing, hunting, and gathering for their daily food supply. They ate salmon, wild greens, gnats, mushrooms, berries, grasshoppers, rabbits, rats, and squirrels. Acorns were
1328-709: Is served by the Kelseyville Fire District, headquartered at station 55, on the town's Main Street. Public education in Kelseyville is facilitated by the Kelseyville Unified School District (KVUSD), which includes Kelseyville Elementary, Mountain Vista Middle School and Kelseyville High School . Shade Canyon Public Charter School opened in 2023 in Kelseyville, providing instruction from kindergarten through second grade, with plans to add
1411-666: The Big Valley District , Kelsey Bench and Red Hills AVAs. Other notable crops include walnuts , pears , olives , and cannabis . The community is home to the largest producer of organic saffron in California, Peace and Plenty Farm., as well as the Konocti Harbor Resort & Spa . Kelseyville is also home to several wineries , an olive mill , packing facilities, as well as Stokes Ladders, an orchard and industrial ladder manufacturer. Several wine tasting rooms and
1494-677: The Bloody Island Massacre in May 1850. The town was also sometimes designated Uncle Sam after Mount Uncle Sam, the name soldiers gave to Mount Konocti when they set up camp there in 1850. The Kelseyville name first appears in records in the 1860s, the result of lobbying on the part of William and Barthena Kelsay, who arrived with the Harriman Party in Lake County in 1861, "in honor of their Kelsey cousins". Voter registration records list
1577-602: The Pacific Coast to the west, extending inland to Clear Lake , mainly between Cleone and Duncans Point . One small group, the Tceefoka ( Northeastern Pomo ), lived in the vicinity of present-day Stonyford , Colusa County , where they were separated from the majority of Pomo lands by Yuki and Wintuan speakers. The name Pomo derives from a conflation of the Pomo words [pʰoːmoː] and [pʰoʔmaʔ] . It originally meant "those who live at red earth hole" and
1660-455: The Prohibition era . The Kelseyville name has been the source of controversy since at least the 1980s because of its association with Andrew and Ben Kelsey . Several attempts have been made through petitions to suggest a name change. In 2020, a group of local community members, Citizens for Healing, formed in order to change Kelseyville's name. The group originally planned a petition to put
1743-770: The Russian River Valley, a missionary colonized and baptized the Makahmo Pomo people of the Cloverdale area. Many Pomo left the valley because of this. One such group fled to the Upper Dry Creek Area. The archeology surveyors of the Lake Sonoma region believe that European and Euro-American encroachment was the reason why Pomo villages became more centralized; the people retreated to the remote valley to band together for defense and mutual support. The Pomo suffered from
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#17328809591211826-542: The Sonoma region, where coastal redwood ( Sequoia sempervirens ) forests met with inland valleys and mixed woodlands , bolstered by Clear Lake and its abundant natural resources. Around 4000 BCE to 5000 BCE , some of these people relocated into the areas of today's Russian River Valley and northward, near present-day Ukiah . Their language diverged into western, southern, central and northern Pomoan, respectively. Another people, possibly Yukian speakers, lived first in
1909-553: The United States Census Bureau , the CDP has a total area of 2.9 square miles (7.5 square kilometers), with over 99 percent of it being land. The 1890 U.S. Census enumerated 282 residents in the town of Kelseyville, and 994 in the 1900 Census . The community first appeared as a census designated place in the 1980 U.S. Census under the name Kelseyville . The 2010 United States Census reported that Kelseyville had
1992-561: The Warm Springs and Upper Dry Creek areas. Bowls and mortars and pestles appeared in this phase, probably used by women to pound acorns (as opposed to the milling stones used for seeds). The sites were more settled and, likewise, more "complex". Trade took place on a larger scale beyond the region. Decorative beads and ornaments were made in this phase, and approximately half of the artifacts were made of obsidian. Steatite or soapstone objects were also found, which must have been imported into
2075-469: The census of 2000, there were 2,928 people, 1,095 households, and 724 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 905.5 inhabitants per square mile (349.6/km ). There were 1,175 housing units at an average density of 363.4 per square mile (140.3/km ). The racial makeup of the CDP was 76.98% White , 0.14% Black or African American , 2.66% Native American , 0.89% Asian , 14.58% from other races , and 4.75% from two or more races. 28.76% of
2158-576: The infectious diseases brought by the Euro-American migrants, including cholera and smallpox . They did not have immunity to such diseases and fatalities were high. In 1837 a deadly epidemic of smallpox, originating in settlements at Fort Ross , caused numerous deaths of native people in the Sonoma and Napa regions. Mission treatment of Pomo was similar to that of slavery, and many Pomo died due to inhospitable living conditions. The Russian River Valley
2241-534: The CDP was $ 24,363, and the median income for a family was $ 28,958. Males had a median income of $ 26,758 versus $ 20,036 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $ 15,651. About 12.8% of families and 15.3% of the population were below the poverty line , including 17.7% of those under age 18 and 11.1% of those age 65 or over. Kelseyville is part of the North Coast American Viticultural Area . The Kelseyville area also includes parts of
2324-514: The Clear Lake Basin. Over a thousand prehistoric charmstones and numerous arrowheads have been unearthed at Tolay Lake, southern Sonoma County, attributed to both Pomo and Coast Miwok people. A sacred site, the lake is a ceremonial gathering and healing place. Both of these Skaggs-Phase sites contained millstones and other handstones for grinding seed and nuts. The villages may have been used for hunting or temporary camps. Obsidian
2407-568: The Miwok Pomo and Federated Indians of Graton Rancheria. Many of her baskets are in museums in Yosemite, Mono Lake and other museums; she even presented her baskets to Queen Elizabeth II . The materials for baskets were sedge root, willow shoots and roots, bulrush or blackroot, redbud shoots, sometimes bracken fern and a variety of colorful bird feathers, abalone and other types of shells, magnesite beads and sometimes glass beads. Redbud shoots, used for
2490-649: The November 5 ballot to rename the town to "Konocti". Regardless of the outcome, the county officials might still provide a recommendation regarding the name change to the USBGN. In the centuries before Europeans arrived, the Eastern Pomo and Clear Lake Wappo (also designated as Lile'ek Wappo) people lived along the shores of Clear Lake . In addition to the fish caught in the lake and streams, they hunted waterfowl and gathered berries, seeds, clover and acorn. The Pomo and Wappo built homes and canoes of tule reeds found at
2573-560: The Pomo Indians to work in very intense and unorthodox conditions, and sexually abused the Pomo women. The Pomo men were forced to work in harsh conditions and were not given any respect by the settlers. Exasperated with the violence and oppression of Stone and Kelsey, they rebelled. The Pomo men set up a sneak attack and killed both Stone and Kelsey. Because of the deaths of Kelsey and Stone, United States lieutenant J. W. Davidson and captain Nathaniel Lyon sent an army to retaliate against
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2656-531: The Pomo also manufactured elaborate jewelry made from abalone and clamshells. Assembled during the winter, during the summer the Pomo would travel from various sites along the coast where they would fish and gather all of their materials needed to create their jewelry. The Pomo Indians would create stunning, beautiful, and intricate forms of jewelry that were worn during celebrations and rituals, and even given as gifts. Both of these traditions of creation and culture have slowly dispersed and have become less common over
2739-549: The Pomo changed with the arrival of Russians at Fort Ross (1812 to 1841) on the Pacific coastline, and Spanish missionaries and European-American colonists coming in from the south and east. The Pomo native to the coastline and Fort Ross were known as the Kashaya . They interacted and traded with the Russians. The Spanish missionaries stole or enslaved many of the southern Pomo from
2822-454: The Pomo people's way to make money and build their newly found empires. Women had preserved Pomo basket weaving traditions, which made a huge change for the Pomo people. The baskets were wanted all over California; it was a piece of art that traders wanted. Grandmothers and daughters taught other Pomo women, who had lost the tradition of basket weaving, how to make the all-powerful baskets. Within this time period in addition to basket weaving,
2905-521: The Pomo people. During the Bloody Island Massacre of 1850, on an island in Clear Lake the 1st Dragoons US Cavalry slaughtered between 60 and 100 people, mostly women and children of the Clear Lake Pomo and neighboring tribes. Shortly after the massacre, during 1851 and 1852, four reservations for the Pomo were established by the United States government in California. Pomo were also part of
2988-680: The Russian River Valley and Lake Sonoma areas prior to being displaced by the Pomo, who subsequently took over the region. Modern archaeological analyses and discoveries have suggested that the local native economy, which was based on women processing acorns by mortar and pestle , and first observed by the Spanish upon their arrival in Central California , may have developed during the Mostin Culture period (ca. 8500 BP –6300 BP) in
3071-470: The Santa Rosa Plain to Mission San Rafael, at present-day San Rafael, between 1821 and 1828. Only a few Pomo speakers went to Mission Sonoma , the other Franciscan mission, located on the north side of San Francisco Bay. The Pomo who remained in the present-day Santa Rosa area of Sonoma County were often called Cainameros in regional history books from the time of Spanish and Mexican occupation. In
3154-510: The Spanish, and Euro-Americans have impacted these languages, and many are no longer spoken due to language shift to English, accelerated by policies such as the 1887 ban on the teaching in Native American languages put into place by John DeWitt Clinton Atkins . There are about twelve Pomo language varieties that are still in use by Pomo people. One, xay tsnu , which is spoken by Elem Pomo,
3237-418: The United States. Of these, 8,578 reside in California. Pomo, also known as Pomoan or less commonly Kulanapan, is a language family that includes seven distinct and mutually unintelligible languages, including Northern Pomo , Northeastern Pomo , Eastern Pomo , Southeastern Pomo , Central Pomo , Southern Pomo , and Kashaya . John Wesley Powell classified the language family as Kulanapan in 1891, using
3320-564: The appreciation for American Indian art has been on the rise, and the art has become in demand – specifically Pomo Indian basketry. Dr. Joallyn Archambault, director of the American Indian Program at the Smithsonian Institution's National Museum of Natural History says: "Since the 1880s, when Pomo baskets first became sought after, the Pomo have changed their lifestyles enormously." Pomo today live normal modern lifestyles, but
3403-468: The area (besides Stone and Kelsey's adobe home, which was eventually dismantled by other settlers salvaging materials) was built in 1853 at the foot of Mount Konocti by J. Broome Smith and William Graves, the latter a Donner Party survivor. The first blacksmith shop was reportedly opened by a blacksmith named Benham in 1857. It was not until 1864 that a second business was opened, a store owned by T. F. Fall. That same year, another general store and
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3486-531: The artists and communities. Dealers and collectors may have exploited the lucrative basket market, but it still paid well enough to provide income to Pomo women where hunting and gathering were no longer feasible and money was needed for survival. Today you will see rare baskets being sold for the prices mentioned above. Due to the time and preparation necessary to weave these pieces of art; basket weavers today have more requests than they can fulfill, and many customers wait months before receiving orders. The rarity of
3569-426: The basket itself. Pomo women sometimes spent months or years making such gift baskets. The materials used to make the baskets—including, but not limited to, swamp canes, saguaro cactuses, rye grass, black ash, willow shoots, sedge roots, the bark of redbud, the root of bulrush, and the root of the gray pine—were harvested annually. After being picked, the materials are dried, cleaned, split, soaked, and dyed. Sometimes
3652-666: The basket weavers are still heralded and praised within the community for their artistic ability and skill. One of those basket weavers is Julia F. Parker . She is a master weaver, having woven under Lucy Telles . Her childhood was rough, constantly moving around until boarding school after her parents' death at 6. Lucy had taught Julia because of her perceived interest in preserving Indian culture and specifically basketry. Julia Parker became cultural demonstrator after Lucy Telles death in 1956. She continued in her studies and later studied Pomo basketry with Pomo master weaver Elsie Allen (1899–1990) at Ukiah and several others. Julia belongs to
3735-577: The baskets and the skill are required in making them in what makes them valuable. The demand is greater than the supply, and collectors facilitate a high demand for these artistically made baskets. The United States acknowledges many groups of native people of the United States as " federally recognized tribes ", classifying them as "domestic dependent nations" under the jurisdiction of the federal government, but with some autonomy from their respective states, including California. Many other self-identified Native American groups are not federally recognized. Since
3818-457: The baskets required great skill and knowledge in collecting and preparing the needed materials. Materials for weaving baskets changed with the seasons and years. The Pomo usually covered a basket completely with the vivid red feathers of the pileated woodpecker until the surface resembled the smoothness of the bird itself. With the feathers, 30-50 to every inch, beads were fastened to the basket's border and hung pendants of polished abalone shell from
3901-615: The baskets that signify different cultural meanings. For example, the Dau is a pattern woven into a basket by creating a small change in the stitching to create a small opening between two stitches. The Dau is the design that is also called the Spirit Door. This Spirit Door allows good spirits to come and circulate inside of the basket while the good or bad spirits are released. Although baskets were made for decorating homes and as gifts, they were centrally used in Pomo daily life as well. Basket weaving
3984-634: The corner of Main and Third Streets, the Brick Tavern, also known as the Brick House or the Kelseyville Tavern, was built in 1872 by Steve Tucker, possibly using bricks made from the kiln at the Sulphur Bank Mine across Clear Lake . Over the years, it served as a carriage stop, a hotel, a bar, a restaurant and a school, among other uses. It currently hosts an eponymously named saloon as well as
4067-469: The darker reddish colors in basket designs are gathered in October. Good redbud is hard to obtain around Ukiah, so it is usually found at Clear Lake. All these materials are gathered with a thankful heart and the gatherers talk continuously to the plants. They were, after all, living things that were giving themselves for something useful and beautiful. In order to preserve the soil and creek banks, sedge gathering
4150-514: The forced relocation known as the "Marches to Round Valley" in 1856, conducted by the U.S. federal government. By using bullwhips and guns, white settlers demanded relocation to reservations of the Pomo Indian. The justification given was that to protect their culture, the Pomo Indians had to be removed from their ancestral land. Richerson & Richerson stated that before the European conquests there
4233-482: The future would have in store. It was a time to build, a time to connect, a time of hope, and a time of change. The Pomo Indians did not have enough money to buy land. The Pomo men decided to work for ranchers and the woman went back to making baskets. The "white" people loved the baskets, especially the designer, feathered ones, which led to a basketry movement. Finally, in 1878, the Pomo Indians bought their first piece of land in California. Paula Giese noted, "In 1878,
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#17328809591214316-404: The history of the tribe but more evident in today's culture. Pomo basket weaving is still valued and honored today, not only by the Pomo Indians themselves, but also by amateur enthusiasts, buyers for curio dealers, and scientific collectors. The Federated Indians of Graton Rancheria are a federally recognized American Indian tribe of Coast Miwok and Southern Pomo Indians. During the past 30 years,
4399-412: The indigenous population in 1849, which would lead to the Bloody Island Massacre in May 1850. More European American settlers established themselves in the area in the mid-1850s, after the removal of indigenous populations to rancherias and the sale of Rancho Lupyomi was challenged in court. According to Woods Crawford, an early pioneer quoted by historian Lyman L. Palmer, the first house built in
4482-477: The issue on the ballot (another petition was launched online in 2020 ), until they were informed of another option. The group, after securing approval from local tribes, filed a petition in October 2023 with the United States Board on Geographic Names (USBGN) , requesting to rename the town "Konocti", after the mountain dominating the town's landscape. The California Advisory Committee on Geographic Names
4565-468: The lakeshore. Both Eastern Pomo and Clear Lake Wappo bands lived in the area now designated as Kelseyville, the Pomo concentrated along Kelsey Creek all the way to Cobb Mountain , and the Wappo along Cole Creek and on the western slope of Mount Konocti . At some point, both tribes allegedly warred when the Wappo attempted to divert fish from Kelsey Creek into Cole Creek. The Clear Lake Wappo, which were one of
4648-591: The late 20th century, some states have begun to give formal recognition to tribes in varying ways. The Pomo groups presently recognized by the United States are based in Sonoma , Lake , and Mendocino counties. They include the following tribes: Many Pomo were impacted by the California Rancheria Termination Acts and lost lands due to lack of understanding the tax system, along with predation by merchants who took advantage of land-rich but cash-poor tribal members. Along with losing their lands,
4731-458: The latter part of the 19th century, lasting from about 1876 to the 1930s. Two Pomo people who capitalized on this market were William Ralganal Benson and his wife, Mary Knight Benson and the Bensons may have been the first California Indians who supported themselves solely by crafting and selling their baskets to collectors and museums. Even though most of their original land was taken over, this
4814-504: The local Indians to build them an adobe home about 3 miles (4.8 km) from the south shore of the lake, and immediately west of Kelsey Creek , as well as a large cattle corral . Stone and Kelsey enslaved the Pomo and Wappo people in two fenced camps they couldn't leave, forcing them to work under threat of torture and death. Many native people died of starvation and neglect. Stone and Kelsey were also known to rape native women and girls. Multiple and continuous abuse led to their killing by
4897-438: The materials are also boiled over a fire and set in the sun to dry. Women traditionally wove Pomo baskets with great care and technique. The three different techniques of Pomo basket weaving are plaiting, coiling, and twining. One drying method was wrapping maiden fern in blue clay and placing underground for several days. This prevented fading in the sun or when cooking mush. There are many different designs that are woven into
4980-612: The most important staple in their diet. The division of labor in Pomo Indian communities typically involved gathering and preparation of plant-based foods by women, while men were hunters and fishers. The Pomo people participated in shamanism ; one form this took was the Kuksu religion , which was held by people in Central and Northern California. It included elaborate acting and dancing ceremonies in traditional costume, an annual mourning ceremony, puberty rites of passage , shamanic intervention with
5063-576: The name first introduced by George Gibbs in 1853. This name for the language family is derived from the name of one Eastern Pomo village on the south shore of Clear Lake. Stephen Powers (1877) was the first to refer to this entire language family with the name "Pomo", and the geographic names that have been used to refer to the seven individual Pomoan languages (e.g. Southeastern Pomo) were introduced by Samuel Barrett (1908). The Pomoan languages became severely endangered after European-American colonization of their native territory. Contacts with Russians,
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#17328809591215146-481: The names of places, to mean a subgroup of people of the place. By 1877 , the meaning of the word Pomo had been broadened, at least in the English language , to refer to not only the Pomo language but the entire group of people speaking it, as well—the people known as Pomo, today. The people called Pomo were originally linked by location, language, and cultural expression. They were not socially or politically linked as
5229-494: The people in the village to government lands and burned the village houses. From 1891 to 1935, starting with National Thorn , the artist Grace Hudson painted over 600 portraits, mainly of Pomo individuals living near her in the Ukiah area. Her style was sympathetic and poignant, as she portrayed domestic native scenes that would have been fast disappearing in that time. In 1770 there were about 8,000 Pomo people; in 1851 population
5312-437: The population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. There were 1,095 households, out of which 33.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 46.9% were married couples living together, 14.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 33.8% were non-families. 27.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 15.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size
5395-630: The population) lived in households, 4 (0.1%) lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 0 (0%) were institutionalized. There were 1,224 households, out of which 438 (35.8%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 574 (46.9%) were opposite-sex married couples living together, 173 (14.1%) had a female householder with no husband present, 75 (6.1%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 80 (6.5%) unmarried opposite-sex partnerships , and 13 (1.1%) same-sex married couples or partnerships . 323 households (26.4%) were made up of individuals, and 163 (13.3%) had someone living alone who
5478-434: The population. The production of shell beads (and drills to create holes in beads), remained important, with drills being found in high numbers. Numerous clamshell beads, a major currency among the peoples of Central California, were also found, also suggesting a vast trade network. There were an estimated 8,000 to 21,000 Pomo among 70 tribes speaking seven Pomo languages at the time of European contact. The way of life of
5561-460: The region through trade, as the rocks do not exist locally. Relatively soft and easy to carve, soapstone was used to make beads, pendants , as well as mortars. The largest and only substantial steatite mine in California existed on Catalina Island , one of the Channel Islands off the coast of what is now Los Angeles County . The existence of steatite in Pomo and Northern California native sites
5644-475: The resource, but none succeeded. The first newspaper in Kelseyville was The New Era , published in 1890. In 1901, The Kelseyville Sun was started by McEwen & McEwen. In 1912, they sold The Sun to E. E. Bryant. The Sun publication ceased in 1942. Pomo The Pomo are a Native American people of California . Historical Pomo territory in Northern California was large, bordered by
5727-419: The spirit world, and an all-male society that met in subterranean dance rooms. The Pomo believed in a supernatural being, the Kuksu or Guksu (depending on their dialect), who lived in the south and who came during ceremonies to heal their illnesses, along with spirits from six cardinal directions, and Coyote as their ancestor and creator god . Medicine men dressed up as Kuksu , their interpretation of
5810-501: The town as "Kelsey" in the 1860s, and the area is designated "Kelsey Creek" in the 1870 U.S. Census while voter records list "Kelseyville" in the same decade, that name also appearing in the 1880 U.S. Census . The name was officialized by federal authorities when the Uncle Sam Post Office was renamed to Kelseyville in October 1882. Kelseyville has also been nicknamed "Peartown" for its significant pear orchards planted during
5893-419: The tribes enslaved by Andrew Kelsey and Charles Stone, eventually disappeared from the area. The exact location of the former indigenous community of Xabenapo or Xalanapo (which according to some authors designates the people rather than the town) remains unknown, but it is estimated to have been slightly south of present-day Kelseyville proper, along Kelsey Creek. Several other names have been documented for
5976-466: The village itself: Nonapoti , Bidamiwina and Shabegok . The Kelseyville area was part of Rancho Lupyomi , the land grant Californio Salvador Vallejo, Mariano Guadalupe Vallejo 's brother, received in 1844 from the Mexican government. In 1847, Vallejo sold the livestock that had remained in the area to Ben and Andrew Kelsey , Charles Stone and E.D. Shirland. Andrew Kelsey and Charles Stone forced
6059-408: Was 2.66 and the average family size was 3.24. In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 28.4% under the age of 18, 7.5% from 18 to 24, 26.7% from 25 to 44, 20.6% from 45 to 64, and 16.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 98.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 93.8 males. The median income for a household in
6142-615: Was 3,382 according to the 2020 United States census . The area has been formerly designated by European American settlers Kelsey or Kelsey Creek , after Andrew Kelsey , one of the first Anglo-American settlers in Lake County, and his brother Benjamin Kelsey . Both men, along with Charles Stone and E.D. Shirland, acquired Salvador Vallejo's livestock in the Clear Lake area in 1847. Andrew Kelsey and Charles Stone were killed in 1849 in an uprising against him by bands of Wappo and Eastern Pomo whom they had enslaved. This episode led to
6225-515: Was 38.0 years. For every 100 females, there were 101.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 98.2 males. There were 1,329 housing units at an average density of 459.7 per square mile (177.5/km ), of which 785 (64.1%) were owner-occupied, and 439 (35.9%) were occupied by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate was 1.7%; the rental vacancy rate was 7.0%. 1,992 people (59.4% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 1,357 people (40.5%) lived in rental housing units. As of
6308-407: Was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.74. There were 822 families (67.2% of all households); the average family size was 3.31. The population was spread out, with 883 people (26.3%) under the age of 18, 298 people (8.9%) aged 18 to 24, 783 people (23.4%) aged 25 to 44, 912 people (27.2%) aged 45 to 64, and 477 people (14.2%) who were 65 years of age or older. The median age
6391-504: Was an estimated 3,000 Pomo Indians that lived at Clear Lake; after all of the death, disease, and killings, there were only about 400 Pomo Indians left. One ghost town in the Lake Sonoma Valley excavations was identified as Amacha, built for 100 people but hardly used. Elder natives of the region remember their grandfathers hid at Amacha in the mid-1850s, trying to evade the colonizing settlers. They tell that one day soldiers took all
6474-439: Was done with care. The commonly held decision would be leaving behind about half of what was found. Dyeing of the bulrush root takes about three to six months in a concoction of black walnuts, rusty metal and ashes in water. Today, new Pomo baskets might sell for as much as $ 1,000, and the more historical ones might sell for more than $ 10,000. Dealing of these baskets has not always been so lucrative and many have tried to exploit
6557-439: Was estimated between 3,500 and 5,000; and in 1880 estimated at 1,450. Anthropologist Samuel Barrett estimated a population of 747 in 1908, but that is probably low; fellow anthropologist Alfred L. Kroeber reported 1,200 Pomo counted in the 1910 Census . According to the 1930 Census there were 1,143 Pomo, and by the 1990 Census there were 4,766. According to the 2010 United States Census , there are 10,308 Pomo people in
6640-465: Was once the name of a village in southern Potter Valley , near the present-day community of Pomo , Mendocino County . The word may also have referred to the local deposits of red magnesite (mined and utilized for making red beads ) or to the reddish, earthen clay soil of the area, rich in hematite (also mined for use). In the Northern Pomo dialect, -pomo or -poma was used as a suffix after
6723-505: Was settled in 1850 by the 49ers , and the Lake Sonoma Valley was homesteaded out. The US government forced many Pomo on to reservations so that the European-Americans could homestead the former Pomo lands. Some Pomo took jobs as ranch laborers; others lived in refugee villages. During this time period, two settlers named Andrew Kelsey and Charles Stone enslaved many Pomo people in order to work as cowboys on their ranch. They forced
6806-464: Was the first turning point for the Pomo people. They had finally escaped the harsh road they were once a part of, and even though they had to settle on poor, isolated land, they finally got to make a stride towards tradition and basket weaving. From 1852 to 1878, many Pomo Indians tried to rekindle their cultures and find peace to what had happened to them. Many people let this time be a learning and spiritual time, where they could have visions and see what
6889-436: Was used, albeit rarely, from Mount Konocti , in present-day Lake County . There were no petroglyphs . The population lived only along major creeks. The "Dry Creek" Phase lasted from 500 BCE to 1300 CE . During this phase, the indigenous people settled the lands more extensively, and permanently. Archaeologists believe a Pomo group took over the lands from earlier peoples during this phase. They founded 14 additional sites in
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