97-577: Hickory Daily Record is an American, English language daily newspaper based in Hickory, North Carolina , US. It is owned by Lee Enterprises . The newspaper is a member of the North Carolina Press Association . The newspaper serves the city of Hickory along with Catawba County and Burke , as well as the neighboring Alexander and Caldwell counties. In 2019, the circulation was 9,372 (weekend) and 7,853 (daily). Starting June 6, 2023,
194-537: A few significantly enlarged motor neurons doing work previously performed by as many as four or five units: a single motor neuron that once controlled 200 muscle cells might control 800 to 1000 cells. Other mechanisms that occur during the rehabilitation phase, and contribute to muscle strength restoration, include myofiber hypertrophy – enlargement of muscle fibers through exercise and activity – and transformation of type II muscle fibers to type I muscle fibers . In addition to these physiological processes,
291-738: A live, attenuated virus. It was produced by the repeated passage of the virus through nonhuman cells at sub physiological temperatures. The attenuated poliovirus in the Sabin vaccine replicates very efficiently in the gut, the primary site of wild poliovirus infection and replication, but the vaccine strain is unable to replicate efficiently within nervous system tissue. A single dose of Sabin's trivalent OPV produces immunity to all three poliovirus serotypes in about 50 percent of recipients. Three doses of OPV produce protective antibody to all three poliovirus types in more than 95 percent of recipients. Human trials of Sabin's vaccine began in 1957, and in 1958, it
388-447: A local inflammatory response . In most cases, this causes a self-limiting inflammation of the meninges , the layers of tissue surrounding the brain , which is known as nonparalytic aseptic meningitis. Penetration of the CNS provides no known benefit to the virus, and is quite possibly an incidental deviation of a normal gastrointestinal infection. The mechanisms by which poliovirus spreads to
485-478: A major illness involving the CNS, which may be paralytic or nonparalytic. Adults are more likely to develop symptoms, including severe symptoms, than children. In most people with a normal immune system , a poliovirus infection is asymptomatic . In about 25% of cases, the infection produces minor symptoms which may include sore throat and low fever. These symptoms are temporary and full recovery occurs within one or two weeks. In about 1 percent of infections
582-589: A member of the genus Enterovirus known as poliovirus (PV). This group of RNA viruses colonize the gastrointestinal tract – specifically the oropharynx and the intestine . Its structure is quite simple, composed of a single (+) sense RNA genome enclosed in a protein shell called a capsid . In addition to protecting the virus' genetic material, the capsid proteins enable poliovirus to infect certain types of cells. Three serotypes of poliovirus have been identified – wild poliovirus type 1 (WPV1), type 2 (WPV2), and type 3 (WPV3) – each with
679-444: A nutritious diet. Treatment of polio often requires long-term rehabilitation, including occupational therapy , physical therapy , braces, corrective shoes and, in some cases, orthopedic surgery . Portable ventilators may be required to support breathing. Historically, a noninvasive, negative-pressure ventilator, more commonly called an iron lung , was used to artificially maintain respiration during an acute polio infection until
776-608: A permanent collection of 19th through 21st century American art. The museum also features a long-term exhibition of Southern contemporary folk art, showcasing the work of self-taught artists from around the region. The symphony hosts several series of concerts, including their free Foothills Pops concerts held annually in Downtown Hickory. Hickory has one sister city : Poliomyelitis Poliomyelitis ( / ˌ p oʊ l i oʊ ˌ m aɪ ə ˈ l aɪ t ɪ s / POH -lee-oh- MY -ə- LY -tiss ), commonly shortened to polio ,
873-456: A permanent residual impairment after recovery from the acute illness, and both overuse and disuse of neurons. PPS is a slow, progressive disease, and there is no specific treatment for it. Post-polio syndrome is not an infectious process, and persons experiencing the syndrome do not shed poliovirus. Paralysis, length differences and deformations of the lower extremities can lead to a hindrance when walking with compensation mechanisms that lead to
970-553: A person could breathe independently (generally about one to two weeks). The use of iron lungs is largely obsolete in modern medicine as more modern breathing therapies have been developed and due to the eradication of polio in most of the world. Other historical treatments for polio include hydrotherapy , electrotherapy , massage and passive motion exercises, and surgical treatments, such as tendon lengthening and nerve grafting. Patients with abortive polio infections recover completely. In those who develop only aseptic meningitis,
1067-457: A severe impairment of the gait pattern. In order to be able to stand and walk safely and to improve the gait pattern, orthotics can be included in the therapy concept. Today, modern materials and functional elements enable the orthosis to be specifically adapted to the requirements resulting from the patient's gait. Mechanical stance phase control knee joints may secure the knee joint in the early stance phases and release again for knee flexion when
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#17330928552531164-476: A sewage system in 1904, and adopted the council-manager form of government in 1913. Hickory is home to one of the oldest furniture manufacturers in the United States that is still located and operated on the original site. Hickory White, formerly known as Hickory Manufacturing Company, was built in 1902 and has been in continuous operation ever since. During World War II, the factory made ammunition boxes for
1261-424: A slightly different capsid protein. All three are extremely virulent and produce the same disease symptoms. WPV1 is the most commonly encountered form, and the one most closely associated with paralysis. WPV2 was certified as eradicated in 2015 and WPV3 certified as eradicated in 2019. The incubation period (from exposure to the first signs and symptoms) ranges from three to six days for nonparalytic polio. If
1358-495: A slow development of muscle weakness similar to what the person had during the initial infection. Polio occurs naturally only in humans. It is highly infectious, and is spread from person to person either through fecal–oral transmission (e.g. poor hygiene, or by ingestion of food or water contaminated by human feces), or via the oral–oral route. Those who are infected may spread the disease for up to six weeks even if no symptoms are present. The disease may be diagnosed by finding
1455-462: A type of monkey kidney tissue culture ( vero cell line ), which is chemically inactivated with formalin . After two doses of IPV (given by injection ), 90 percent or more of individuals develop protective antibody to all three serotypes of poliovirus, and at least 99 percent are immune to poliovirus following three doses. Subsequently, Albert Sabin developed a polio vaccine that can be administered orally (oral polio vaccine - OPV), comprising
1552-589: Is 935 feet (285 m). Lake Hickory is a reliable source of water for the Cities of Hickory and Conover and the Town of Long View , while also functioning as a recreation hub for boating, fishing, and other water based activities. Duke Energy provides five public access areas on the lake in cooperation with the North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission . Hickory is the largest city within
1649-620: Is a city in North Carolina primarily located in Catawba County and is the 25th most populous city in North Carolina . It is located approximately 60 miles (97 km) northwest of Charlotte . Hickory's population in the 2022 United States Census Bureau estimate was 44,084. Hickory is the main city of the Hickory–Lenoir–Morganton Metropolitan Statistical Area , which had a population of 368,347 in
1746-472: Is an infectious disease caused by the poliovirus . Approximately 75% of cases are asymptomatic; mild symptoms which can occur include sore throat and fever; in a proportion of cases more severe symptoms develop such as headache , neck stiffness, and paresthesia . These symptoms usually pass within one or two weeks. A less common symptom is permanent paralysis , and possible death in extreme cases. Years after recovery, post-polio syndrome may occur, with
1843-640: Is an aerospace museum at the Hickory Regional Airport . The museum originated from the Sabre Society co-founded by Kyle and Kregg Kirby, when an FJ-3 Fury, the Naval version of the North American F-86 Sabre was recovered and became the first aircraft of the museum. It features a museum located in the former airport terminal with artifacts, a hangar with aircraft and outdoor exhibits of aircraft on
1940-455: Is based in nearby Claremont . The furniture industry in Hickory is not as strong as in previous decades, but is still a primary component in the area economy. HSM (company) (formerly Hickory Springs, founded 1944) is a leading manufacturer of mattress coils . It is estimated 60% of the nation's furniture used to be produced within a 200-mile (320 km) radius of Hickory. The Hickory area
2037-455: Is called respiratory or bulbospinal polio. Here, the virus affects the upper part of the cervical spinal cord ( cervical vertebrae C3 through C5), and paralysis of the diaphragm occurs. The critical nerves affected are the phrenic nerve (which drives the diaphragm to inflate the lungs ) and those that drive the muscles needed for swallowing. By destroying these nerves, this form of polio affects breathing, making it difficult or impossible for
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#17330928552532134-416: Is known as acute flaccid paralysis . The weakness most often involves the legs, but may less commonly involve the muscles of the head, neck, and diaphragm . Depending on the site of paralysis, paralytic poliomyelitis is classified as spinal, bulbar , or bulbospinal. In those who develop paralysis, between 2 and 10 percent die as the paralysis affects the breathing muscles. Encephalitis , an infection of
2231-413: Is less effective at preventing spread of wild poliovirus by the fecal–oral route. Because the oral polio vaccine is inexpensive, easy to administer, and produces excellent immunity in the intestine (which helps prevent infection with wild virus in areas where it is endemic ), it has been the vaccine of choice for controlling poliomyelitis in many countries. On very rare occasions, the attenuated virus in
2328-436: Is marketed as a data-center corridor and is home to large data centers operated by Apple and Google . Apple's billion-dollar data center campus just south of Hickory is one of the world's largest. Hickory is home to the corporate headquarters of third-party logistics provider Transportation Insight, a member of North Carolina's top revenue tier of privately held businesses. In 2015, the company relocated its headquarters to
2425-416: Is most infectious between 7 and 10 days before and after the appearance of symptoms, but transmission is possible as long as the virus remains in the saliva or feces. Virus particles can be excreted in the feces for up to six weeks. Factors that increase the risk of polio infection include pregnancy , the very old and the very young, immune deficiency , and malnutrition . Although the virus can cross
2522-458: Is not serviced by a commercial airline given the proximity of larger airports, particularly Charlotte-Douglas International Airport and Piedmont Triad International Airport . Greenway Public Transportation operates six fixed bus routes around Hickory, Conover and Newton . Greenway also provides paratransit services to these cities and surrounding areas. Greenway Public Transportation provides over 250,000 trips each year to residents living in
2619-420: Is possible up to 18 months after infection. One mechanism involved in recovery is nerve terminal sprouting, in which remaining brainstem and spinal cord motor neurons develop new branches, or axonal sprouts. These sprouts can reinnervate orphaned muscle fibers that have been denervated by acute polio infection, restoring the fibers' capacity to contract and improving strength. Terminal sprouting may generate
2716-430: Is that one leg is shorter than the other and the person limps and leans to one side, in turn leading to deformities of the spine (such as scoliosis ). Osteoporosis and increased likelihood of bone fractures may occur. An intervention to prevent or lessen length disparity can be to perform an epiphysiodesis on the distal femoral and proximal tibial/fibular condyles, so that limb's growth is artificially stunted, and by
2813-443: Is usually complete by the time the fever breaks. The likelihood of developing paralytic polio increases with age, as does the extent of paralysis. In children, nonparalytic meningitis is the most likely consequence of CNS involvement, and paralysis occurs in only one in 1000 cases. In adults, paralysis occurs in one in 75 cases. In children under five years of age, paralysis of one leg is most common; in adults, extensive paralysis of
2910-463: Is usually made based on the recovery of poliovirus from a stool sample or a swab of the pharynx . Rarely, it may be possible to identify poliovirus in the blood or in the cerebrospinal fluid . Poliovirus samples are further analysed using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) or genomic sequencing to determine the serotype (i.e., 1, 2, or 3), and whether the virus is a wild or vaccine-derived strain. In 1950, William Hammon at
3007-713: The Hickory–Lenoir–Morganton metropolitan area . The Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) includes Catawba County , Burke County , Caldwell County , and Alexander County , with a combined population – as of the 2020 Census – of 365,276. In addition to Hickory, the MSA includes the cities of Lenoir , Morganton , Conover , and Newton , along with a number of smaller incorporated towns and cities. Several unincorporated rural and suburban communities located nearby include Bethlehem , Mountain View , and St. Stephens . According to
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3104-511: The Köppen Climate Classification system, Hickory has a humid subtropical climate , abbreviated "Cfa" on climate maps. The hottest temperature recorded in Hickory was 105 °F (40.6 °C) on July 28–29, 1952, while the coldest temperature recorded was −8 °F (−22.2 °C) on January 21, 1985. The Hickory Regional Airport is located in the western portion of the city and provides general aviation services. The airport
3201-493: The National Register of Historic Places . Hickory is located in western Catawba County and extends westward into Burke County and Caldwell County. Interstate 40 passes through the southern part of the city, leading east 68 miles (109 km) to Winston-Salem and west 75 miles (121 km) to Asheville . U.S. Route 70 (Conover Boulevard) is an older east–west route through the city. U.S. Route 321 passes through
3298-494: The U.S. military instead of furniture. Hickory was known in the years after World War II for the "Miracle of Hickory". In 1944 the area around Hickory (the Catawba Valley) became the center of one of the worst outbreaks of polio ever recorded. Residents who were then children recall summers of not being allowed to play outside or visit friends for fear of contracting the disease. Since local facilities were inadequate to treat
3395-458: The University of Pittsburgh purified the gamma globulin component of the blood plasma of polio survivors. Hammon proposed the gamma globulin, which contained antibodies to poliovirus, could be used to halt poliovirus infection, prevent disease, and reduce the severity of disease in other patients who had contracted polio. The results of a large clinical trial were promising; the gamma globulin
3492-422: The chest and abdomen also affecting all four limbs – quadriplegia – is more likely. Paralysis rates also vary depending on the serotype of the infecting poliovirus; the highest rates of paralysis (one in 200) are associated with poliovirus type 1, the lowest rates (one in 2,000) are associated with type 2. Spinal polio, the most common form of paralytic poliomyelitis, results from viral invasion of
3589-421: The cranial nerves , producing symptoms of encephalitis , and causes difficulty breathing , speaking and swallowing. Critical nerves affected are the glossopharyngeal nerve (which partially controls swallowing and functions in the throat, tongue movement, and taste), the vagus nerve (which sends signals to the heart, intestines, and lungs), and the accessory nerve (which controls upper neck movement). Due to
3686-411: The maternal-fetal barrier during pregnancy, the fetus does not appear to be affected by either maternal infection or polio vaccination. Maternal antibodies also cross the placenta , providing passive immunity that protects the infant from polio infection during the first few months of life. Poliovirus enters the body through the mouth, infecting the first cells with which it comes in contact –
3783-422: The pharynx and intestinal mucosa . It gains entry by binding to an immunoglobulin-like receptor, known as the poliovirus receptor or CD155 , on the cell membrane. The virus then hijacks the host cell's own machinery, and begins to replicate . Poliovirus divides within gastrointestinal cells for about a week, from where it spreads to the tonsils (specifically the follicular dendritic cells residing within
3880-467: The polio vaccine , with multiple doses required for lifelong protection. There are two broad types of polio vaccine; an injected polio vaccine (IPV) using inactivated poliovirus and an oral polio vaccine (OPV) containing attenuated (weakened) live virus. Through the use of both types of vaccine, incidence of wild polio has decreased from an estimated 350,000 cases in 1988 to 30 confirmed cases in 2022, confined to just three countries. In rare cases,
3977-512: The 2022 census . In 2014, Reader's Digest named the Hickory metro area as the 10th best place to live and raise a family in the United States. Forbes named the Hickory-Lenoir-Morganton MSA the third best MSA in the country for business cost in the same year. The Hickory MSA was also identified by Smart Growth America in 2014 as being the country's most sprawling metro area. In 2023, Travel and Leisure rated Hickory as
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4074-399: The CNS are poorly understood, but it appears to be primarily a chance event – largely independent of the age, gender, or socioeconomic position of the individual. In around one percent of infections, poliovirus spreads along certain nerve fiber pathways, preferentially replicating in and destroying motor neurons within the spinal cord , brain stem , or motor cortex . This leads to
4171-616: The Free Academy, the first school in the area. Hickory Tavern was incorporated as a town in 1870. Three years later, its name was officially changed to Hickory. In 1889, it became the City of Hickory. Hickory experienced rapid growth in the 1880s. Electric lights were installed in 1888. A year later, the Elliott Opera House opened. Decorated in French renaissance style with mythological motifs,
4268-711: The Hickory region. As of the 2020 United States census , there were 43,490 people, 16,690 households, and 9,834 families residing in the city. As of the census of 2010, there were 40,093 people, 18,719 households, and 9,952 families residing in the city. There were 18,719 housing units at an average density of 640.4 per square mile (247.3/km ). The racial composition of the city was: 74.9% White , 14.3% Black or African American , 11.4% Hispanic or Latino American , 3.2% Asian American , 0.19% Native American , 0.06% Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander , 3.08% some other race , and 1.46% two or more races . There were 18,719 households, out of which 27.9% had children under
4365-557: The Sabin OPV can revert into a form that can paralyze. In 2017, cases caused by vaccine-derived poliovirus (cVDPV) outnumbered wild poliovirus cases for the first time, due to wild polio cases hitting record lows. Most industrialized countries have switched to inactivated polio vaccine, which cannot revert, either as the sole vaccine against poliomyelitis or in combination with oral polio vaccine. An improved oral vaccine (Novel oral polio vaccine type 2 - nOPV2) began development in 2011 and
4462-404: The acute infection, notably new muscle weakness and extreme fatigue. This condition is known as post-polio syndrome (PPS) or post-polio sequelae. The symptoms of PPS are thought to involve a failure of the oversized motor units created during the recovery phase of the paralytic disease. Contributing factors that increase the risk of PPS include aging with loss of neuron units, the presence of
4559-428: The age of 18 living with them, 44.6% were married couples living together, 12.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 39.1% were non-families. 32.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.35 and the average family size was 2.98. In the city, the age distribution of the population shows 23.3% under
4656-461: The age of 18, 11.2% from 18 to 24, 30.7% from 25 to 44, 21.3% from 45 to 64, and 13.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35 years. For every 100 females, there were 92.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 89.7 males. The median income for a household in the city was $ 37,236, and the median income for a family was $ 47,522. Males had a median income of $ 31,486 versus $ 23,666 for females. The per capita income for
4753-430: The blood and lymphatics for long periods of time, sometimes as long as 17 weeks. In a small percentage of cases, it can spread and replicate in other sites, such as brown fat , the reticuloendothelial tissues, and muscle. This sustained replication causes a major viremia, and leads to the development of minor influenza-like symptoms. Rarely, this may progress and the virus may invade the central nervous system, provoking
4850-446: The body can compensate for residual paralysis in other ways. Weaker muscles can be used at a higher than usual intensity relative to the muscle's maximal capacity , little-used muscles can be developed, and ligaments can enable stability and mobility. Residual complications of paralytic polio often occur following the initial recovery process. Muscle paresis and paralysis can sometimes result in skeletal deformities, tightening of
4947-467: The brain tissue itself, can occur in rare cases, and is usually restricted to infants. It is characterized by confusion, changes in mental status, headaches, fever, and, less commonly, seizures and spastic paralysis . The term poliomyelitis derives from the Ancient Greek poliós ( πολιός ), meaning "grey", myelós ( µυελός "marrow"), referring to the grey matter of the spinal cord , and
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#17330928552535044-499: The city was $ 23,263. About 8.4% of families and 11.3% of the population were below the poverty line , including 14.8% of those under age 18 and 7.0% of those age 65 or over. 364,759 people live within 25 miles (40 km) of Hickory; 1.8 million people live within 50 miles (80 km) of Hickory. In 1913, Hickory became the first city in North Carolina to adopt the council-manager form of municipal government, which combines
5141-693: The color and appearance of the gray matter in the spinal column , causing it to appear reddish and swollen. Other destructive changes associated with paralytic disease occur in the forebrain region, specifically the hypothalamus and thalamus . Early symptoms of paralytic polio include high fever, headache, stiffness in the back and neck, asymmetrical weakness of various muscles, sensitivity to touch, difficulty swallowing , muscle pain , loss of superficial and deep reflexes , paresthesia (pins and needles), irritability, constipation, or difficulty urinating. Paralysis generally develops one to ten days after early symptoms begin, progresses for two to three days, and
5238-696: The completion of the Oxford Dam 11 miles (18 km) northeast of Hickory. The dam parallels the NC Highway 16 bridge over the Catawba River between Interstate 40 and Taylorsville . It is 122 feet (37 m) high, with an overall length of 1,200 feet (370 m). The spillway section of the dam is 550 feet (170 m) long. Lake Hickory was named after the City of Hickory and runs along its northern edge. The lake covers almost 4,223 acres (17.09 km ) with 105 miles (169 km) of shoreline. Full pond elevation
5335-491: The development of paralytic poliomyelitis, the various forms of which (spinal, bulbar, and bulbospinal) vary only with the amount of neuronal damage and inflammation that occurs, and the region of the CNS affected. The destruction of neuronal cells produces lesions within the spinal ganglia ; these may also occur in the reticular formation , vestibular nuclei , cerebellar vermis , and deep cerebellar nuclei . Inflammation associated with nerve cell destruction often alters
5432-415: The disease progresses to cause paralysis, this occurs within 7 to 21 days. Individuals who are exposed to the virus, either through infection or by immunization via polio vaccine , develop immunity . In immune individuals, IgA antibodies against poliovirus are present in the tonsils and gastrointestinal tract and able to block virus replication ; IgG and IgM antibodies against PV can prevent
5529-622: The effect on swallowing, secretions of mucus may build up in the airway, causing suffocation. Other signs and symptoms include facial weakness (caused by destruction of the trigeminal nerve and facial nerve , which innervate the cheeks, tear ducts , gums, and muscles of the face, among other structures), double vision , difficulty in chewing, and abnormal respiratory rate , depth, and rhythm (which may lead to respiratory arrest ). Pulmonary edema and shock are also possible and may be fatal. Approximately 19 percent of all paralytic polio cases have both bulbar and spinal symptoms; this subtype
5626-402: The emergence of the furniture industry. Likewise experience with textile manufacturing and easy access to power drove new industries in both fiber-optic cable and pressure-sensitive tape. Forty percent of the world's fiber optic cable is made in the Hickory area. Adhesive tape manufacturer Shurtape Technologies is based in Hickory and Fortune 500 network infrastructure provider CommScope ,
5723-648: The former airport ramp. Hickory is home to the second oldest art museum in North Carolina. Hickory Museum of Art was established in 1944 by Founding Director, Paul Whitener. The museum is housed at the SALT Block , overseen by the SALT Block Foundation, along with the Catawba Science Center, Hickory Choral Society, United Arts Council and Western Piedmont Symphony. Hickory Museum of Art (HMA) holds exhibitions, events, and public educational programs based on
5820-772: The historic Lyerly Full Fashioned Mill in downtown Hickory. Hickory is home to the Hickory Crawdads , the Single-A Minor League Baseball affiliate of the Texas Rangers of the Carolina League . The Crawdads play at L.P. Frans Stadium , located in the western portion of the city, near the Hickory Regional Airport. Hickory is also home to the Hickory Motor Speedway . The speedway
5917-400: The joints, and movement disability. Once the muscles in the limb become flaccid, they may interfere with the function of other muscles. A typical manifestation of this problem is equinus foot (similar to club foot ). This deformity develops when the muscles that pull the toes downward are working, but those that pull it upward are not, and the foot naturally tends to drop toward the ground. If
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#17330928552536014-521: The late 19th century in Europe and the United States , and in the 20th century, it became one of the most worrying childhood diseases . Following the introduction of polio vaccines in the 1950s, polio incidence declined rapidly. As of October 2023 , only Pakistan and Afghanistan remain endemic for wild poliovirus (WPV). Once infected, there is no specific treatment. The disease can be prevented by
6111-591: The leadership of elected officials and the administrative experience of a city manager. The mayor and city council set policy and hire a non-partisan manager to oversee city operations, advise council, and implement adopted policies and ordinances. Hickory City Council is composed of a mayor and six council members, each representing one of the city's six wards. For current listing of council members, see here. Early industries such as wagon-making, as well as proximity to expansive forests and excellent transportation via two intersecting railroads, provided fertile ground for
6208-464: The legs, due to pooling of blood in paralyzed lower limbs. Complications from prolonged immobility involving the lungs , kidneys and heart include pulmonary edema , aspiration pneumonia , urinary tract infections , kidney stones , paralytic ileus , myocarditis and cor pulmonale . Between 25 percent and 50 percent of individuals who have recovered from paralytic polio in childhood can develop additional symptoms decades after recovering from
6305-409: The limb joins the body) than distally (the fingertips and toes ). Making up about two percent of cases of paralytic polio, bulbar polio occurs when poliovirus invades and destroys nerves within the bulbar region of the brain stem . The bulbar region is a white matter pathway that connects the cerebral cortex to the brain stem. The destruction of these nerves weakens the muscles supplied by
6402-541: The most beautiful and affordable place to live in the U.S. Hickory owes its name to the Hickory Tavern, a log structure built in the 1850s underneath a hickory tree. Henry Link bought the first lot in the area for $ 45 in 1858. The house he built became The 1859 Cafe, a restaurant which closed in 2011. The first train operated near Hickory Tavern in 1859. In 1868, Dr. Jeremiah Ingold, pastor of Corinth Reformed Church (then German Reformed Grace Church), established
6499-482: The motor neurons of the anterior horn cells , or the ventral (front) grey matter section in the spinal column , which are responsible for movement of the muscles, including those of the trunk , limbs , and the intercostal muscles . Virus invasion causes inflammation of the nerve cells, leading to damage or destruction of motor neuron ganglia . When spinal neurons die, Wallerian degeneration takes place, leading to weakness of those muscles formerly innervated by
6596-417: The natural or "wild" poliovirus (WPV). Poliomyelitis is highly contagious. The disease is transmitted primarily via the fecal–oral route , by ingesting contaminated food or water. It is occasionally transmitted via the oral–oral route. It is seasonal in temperate climates , with peak transmission occurring in summer and autumn. These seasonal differences are far less pronounced in tropical areas. Polio
6693-478: The now-dead neurons. With the destruction of nerve cells, the muscles no longer receive signals from the brain or spinal cord; without nerve stimulation, the muscles atrophy , becoming weak, floppy and poorly controlled, and finally completely paralyzed. Maximum paralysis progresses rapidly (two to four days), and usually involves fever and muscle pain. Deep tendon reflexes are also affected, and are typically absent or diminished; sensation (the ability to feel) in
6790-646: The opera house auditorium sat 750 and the parquet balcony fit another 350. The opera house hosted touring out of town shows, the Hickory Amateurs (the city's first acting troupe) and The Hickory Symphony Band. A fire destroyed the entire building in 1902, and it was never rebuilt. A municipal auditorium was constructed across the street in 1921, now housing the Hickory Community Theatre. In 1891, four Lutheran pastors founded Highland Academy, now Lenoir–Rhyne University , with 12 students. Hickory built
6887-550: The paralysis of muscles used for breathing. The case fatality rate (CFR) varies by age: 2 to 5 percent of children and up to 15 to 30 percent of adults die. Bulbar polio often causes death if respiratory support is not provided; with support, its CFR ranges from 25 to 75 percent, depending on the age of the patient. When intermittent positive pressure ventilation is available, the fatalities can be reduced to 15 percent. Many cases of poliomyelitis result in only temporary paralysis. Generally in these cases, nerve impulses return to
6984-436: The paralyzed limbs, however, is not affected. The extent of spinal paralysis depends on the region of the cord affected, which may be cervical , thoracic , or lumbar . The virus may affect muscles on both sides of the body, but more often the paralysis is asymmetrical . Any limb or combination of limbs may be affected – one leg, one arm, or both legs and both arms. Paralysis is often more severe proximally (where
7081-407: The paralyzed muscle within a month, and recovery is complete in six to eight months. The neurophysiological processes involved in recovery following acute paralytic poliomyelitis are quite effective; muscles are able to retain normal strength even if half the original motor neurons have been lost. Paralysis remaining after one year is likely to be permanent, although some recovery of muscle strength
7178-479: The patient to breathe without the support of a ventilator . It can lead to paralysis of the arms and legs and may also affect swallowing and heart functions. Paralytic poliomyelitis may be clinically suspected in individuals experiencing acute onset of flaccid paralysis in one or more limbs with decreased or absent tendon reflexes in the affected limbs that cannot be attributed to another apparent cause, and without sensory or cognitive loss. A laboratory diagnosis
7275-404: The print edition of the newspaper will be reduced to three days a week: Tuesday, Thursday and Saturday. Also, the newspaper will transition from being delivered by a traditional newspaper delivery carrier to mail delivery by the U.S. Postal Service. This article about a North Carolina newspaper is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Hickory, North Carolina Hickory
7372-486: The problem is left untreated, the Achilles tendons at the back of the foot retract and the foot cannot take on a normal position. People with polio that develop equinus foot cannot walk properly because they cannot put their heels on the ground. A similar situation can develop if the arms become paralyzed. In some cases the growth of an affected leg is slowed by polio, while the other leg continues to grow normally. The result
7469-490: The remaining quarter are left with severe disability. The degree of both acute paralysis and residual paralysis is likely to be proportional to the degree of viremia , and inversely proportional to the degree of immunity . Spinal polio is rarely fatal. Without respiratory support, consequences of poliomyelitis with respiratory involvement include suffocation or pneumonia from aspiration of secretions . Overall, 5 to 10 percent of patients with paralytic polio die due to
7566-940: The remains of Zahra Baker were found leading to a police investigation where Zahra's stepmother, Elise Baker, was found guilty of second-degree murder. The Zahra Baker All Children's playground, located in Kiwanis Park, is named in her honor. The Claremont High School Historic District , Elliott–Carnegie Library , First Presbyterian Church , Dr. Glenn R. Frye House , Clement Geitner House , Lee & Helen George House , Harris Arcade , Hickory Municipal Building , Hickory Southwest Downtown Historic District , Highland School , Hollar Hosiery Mills-Knit Sox Knitting Mills , Houck's Chapel , Kenworth Historic District , John A. Lentz House , Lyerly Full Fashioned Mill , John Alfred Moretz House , Oakwood Historic District , Piedmont Wagon Company , Propst House , Ridgeview Public Library , Shuford House , and Whisnant Hosiery Mills are listed on
7663-548: The spread of the virus to motor neurons of the central nervous system . Infection or vaccination with one serotype of poliovirus does not provide immunity against the other serotypes, and full immunity requires exposure to each serotype. A rare condition with a similar presentation, nonpoliovirus poliomyelitis, may result from infections with enteroviruses other than poliovirus. The oral polio vaccine, which has been in use since 1961, contains weakened viruses that can replicate. On rare occasions, these may be transmitted from
7760-510: The suffix -itis , which denotes inflammation , i.e., inflammation of the spinal cord's grey matter. The word was first used in 1874 and is attributed to the German physician Adolf Kussmaul . The first recorded use of the abbreviated version polio was in the Indianapolis Star in 1911. Poliomyelitis does not affect any species other than humans. The disease is caused by infection with
7857-426: The swing phase is initiated. With the help of an orthotic treatment with a stance phase control knee joint, a natural gait pattern can be achieved despite mechanical protection against unwanted knee flexion. In these cases, locked knee joints are often used, which have a good safety function, but do not allow knee flexion when walking during swing phase. With such joints, the knee joint remains mechanically blocked during
7954-430: The swing phase. Patients with locked knee joints must swing the leg forward with the knee extended even during the swing phase. This only works if the patient develops compensatory mechanisms, e.g. by raising the body's center of gravity in the swing phase (Duchenne limping) or by swinging the orthotic leg to the side (circumduction). Major polio epidemics were unknown before the 20th century; up until that time, polio
8051-410: The symptoms can be expected to persist for two to ten days, followed by complete recovery. In cases of spinal polio, if the affected nerve cells are completely destroyed, paralysis will be permanent; cells that are not destroyed, but lose function temporarily, may recover within four to six weeks after onset. Half the patients with spinal polio recover fully; one-quarter recover with mild disability, and
8148-411: The time of epiphyseal (growth) plate closure, the legs are more equal in length. Alternatively, a person can be fitted with custom-made footwear which corrects the difference in leg lengths. Other surgery to re-balance muscular agonist/antagonist imbalances may also be helpful. Extended use of braces or wheelchairs may cause compression neuropathy , as well as a loss of proper function of the veins in
8245-421: The tonsilar germinal centers ), the intestinal lymphoid tissue including the M cells of Peyer's patches , and the deep cervical and mesenteric lymph nodes , where it multiplies abundantly. The virus is subsequently absorbed into the bloodstream. Known as viremia , the presence of a virus in the bloodstream enables it to be widely distributed throughout the body. Poliovirus can survive and multiply within
8342-519: The traditional OPV was able to revert to a virulent form. An improved oral vaccine with greater genetic stability (nOPV2) was developed and granted full licensure in December 2023. The term "poliomyelitis" is used to identify the disease caused by any of the three serotypes of poliovirus. Two basic patterns of polio infection are described: a minor illness that does not involve the central nervous system (CNS), sometimes called abortive poliomyelitis, and
8439-431: The vaccinated person to other people; in communities with good vaccine coverage , transmission is limited, and the virus dies out. In communities with low vaccine coverage, this weakened virus may continue to circulate and, over time may mutate and revert to a virulent form. Polio arising from this cause is referred to as circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus (cVDPV) or variant poliovirus in order to distinguish it from
8536-522: The victims, the citizens of Hickory and the March of Dimes decided to build a hospital to care for the children of the region. From the time the decision was made until equipment, doctors, and patients were in a new facility, took less than 54 hours. Several more buildings were quickly added. A Red Cross official on the scene praised the project "as the most outstanding example of cooperative effort he has ever seen." The city also came to national attention when
8633-485: The virus can migrate from the gastrointestinal tract into the central nervous system (CNS). Most patients with CNS involvement develop nonparalytic aseptic meningitis , with symptoms of headache, neck, back, abdominal and extremity pain, fever, vomiting, stomach pain, lethargy , and irritability. About one to five in 1,000 cases progress to paralytic disease, in which the muscles become weak, floppy and poorly controlled, and, finally, completely paralyzed; this condition
8730-541: The virus in the feces or detecting antibodies against it in the blood. Poliomyelitis has existed for thousands of years, with depictions of the disease in ancient art. The disease was first recognized as a distinct condition by the English physician Michael Underwood in 1789, and the virus that causes it was first identified in 1909 by the Austrian immunologist Karl Landsteiner . Major outbreaks started to occur in
8827-537: The western part of the city, leading northwest 43 miles (69 km) to Boone and south 36 miles (58 km) to Gastonia . According to the United States Census Bureau , the city has a total area of 29.8 square miles (77.2 km ), of which 29.7 square miles (76.9 km ) is land and 0.08 square miles (0.2 km ), or 0.31%, is water. Lake Hickory was created on the Catawba River in 1927 with
8924-470: The world to combat polio: an inactivated poliovirus given by injection, and a weakened poliovirus given by mouth. Both types induce immunity to polio and are effective in protecting individuals from disease. The inactivated polio vaccine (IPV) was developed in 1952 by Jonas Salk at the University of Pittsburgh, and announced to the world on 12 April 1955. The Salk vaccine is based on poliovirus grown in
9021-413: Was an endemic disease worldwide. Mothers who had survived polio infection passed on temporary immunity to their babies in the womb and through breast milk. As a result, an infant who encountered a polio infection generally suffered only mild symptoms and acquired a long-term immunity to the disease. With improvements in sanitation and hygiene during the 19th century, the general level of herd immunity in
9118-518: Was granted emergency licencing in 2021, and subsequently full licensure in December 2023. This has greater genetic stability than the traditional oral vaccine and is less likely to revert to a virulent form. There is no cure for polio, but there are treatments. The focus of modern treatment has been on providing relief of symptoms, speeding recovery and preventing complications. Supportive measures include antibiotics to prevent infections in weakened muscles, analgesics for pain, moderate exercise and
9215-599: Was opened in 1951 and features a 1/2-mile track with seating for approximately 5,000 spectators. Lenoir-Rhyne University , whose teams have the nickname "Bears", participates within NCAA Division II athletics in the South Atlantic Conference . The university's athletics program includes teams in baseball, basketball, cross country, football, golf, lacrosse, soccer, softball, swimming, tennis, track and field, triathlon, and volleyball. Hickory Aviation Museum
9312-640: Was selected, in competition with the live attenuated vaccines of Koprowski and other researchers, by the US National Institutes of Health. Licensed in 1962, it rapidly became the only oral polio vaccine used worldwide. OPV efficiently blocks person-to-person transmission of wild poliovirus by oral–oral and fecal–oral routes, thereby protecting both individual vaccine recipients and the wider community. The live attenuated virus may be transmitted from vaccinees to their unvaccinated contacts, resulting in wider community immunity. IPV confers good immunity but
9409-413: Was shown to be about 80 percent effective in preventing the development of paralytic poliomyelitis. It was also shown to reduce the severity of the disease in patients who developed polio. Due to the limited supply of blood plasma gamma globulin was later deemed impractical for widespread use and the medical community focused on the development of a polio vaccine. Two types of vaccine are used throughout
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