19-516: Heylyn or Heilyn is a name of Brythonic origin meaning cup-bearer. Characters bearing the name occur in stories found in the Red Book of Hergest and other collections of Welsh history and legend. The Heylyn family came from Pentreheylin in the parish of Llandysilio Montgomeryshire. The family were hereditary cupbearers to the Princes of Powys, and a pedigree dates back to around 1000 AD. Grono ap Heylyn
38-510: A Welsh translation of Geoffrey of Monmouth 's Historia Regum Britanniae ), and various other texts including a series of Triads . The rest of the manuscript contains poetry, especially from the period of court poetry known as Poetry of the Princes ( Welsh : Gogynfeirdd or Beirdd y Tywysogion ), including the cycles Canu Llywarch Hen , Canu Urien , and Canu Heledd . It contains also poems by Myrddin Wyllt . The Red Book
57-545: Is similar in content to the White Book of Rhydderch , of which it has at times been supposed to be a copy. Both are now thought, however, to descend from a lost common ancestor or ancestors. The manuscript also contains a collection of herbal remedies associated with Rhiwallon Feddyg, founder of a medical dynasty that lasted over 500 years – 'The Physicians of Myddfai' from the village of Myddfai just outside Llandovery . Some researchers believe that J. R. R. Tolkien borrowed
76-577: The Llanquian Castle . The first lord of Llanblethian manor was Robert St. Quentin , a powerful Norman knight who held lands in Wiltshire, Dorset, Essex and Yorkshire. The St. Quentin family established a fortification within the village. but in 1233 the family was disposed by Richard Siward the lord of Talyfan. With the lordship passing to the de Clare family, an early keep built by the St Quentin family
95-503: The Welsh language . It preserves a collection of Welsh prose and poetry, notably the tales of the Mabinogion and Gogynfeirdd poetry. The manuscript derives its name from the colour of its leather binding and from its association with Hergest Court between the late 15th and early 17th century. The manuscript was written between about 1382 and 1410. One of the several copyists responsible for
114-487: The Baptist and its own castle, a largely ruinous structure but with a fine gatehouse known locally as St Quintins Castle . Llanblethian takes its name from Saint Bleiddian, a contemporary of Germanus of Auxerre (Welsh: Garmon Sant). Llan is Welsh for a clearing, so the village is the 'clearing (around the church of) St Bleddian'. The root of blaidd is a translation of lupus , the wolf. ) Evidence of early settlements in
133-518: The Mansels without ever returning it. In 1697, Wilkins was visited by Edward Lhuyd who spent some time copying a manuscript which might well have been the Red Book . In 1701, two years after Wilkin's death, his son Thomas Wilkins the Younger donated the manuscript to Jesus College, Oxford . Internal evidence, a note by the latter Wilkins, suggests that Edward Lhuyd then held the manuscript on loan, but that
152-535: The area now known as Llanblethian have been discovered in various locations around the village. To the west of Llanblethian, between Breach and Marlborough farms, tumuli - ancient burial mounds - dating from the Bronze Age have been found. On Llanblethian Hill is the site of Caer Dynnaf , a large Iron Age fort, whose walls and ditches can still be seen. Although no reliable accounts exist of life in Glamorgan in
171-500: The college was able to retrieve it only 13 years later, after Lhuyd's death. The book was given on 17 February 1701 to Jesus College by Reverend Thomas Wilkins the younger of Llanblethian . The college keeps the manuscript on deposit at the Bodleian Library . The first part of the manuscript contains prose, including the Mabinogion , for which this is one of the manuscript sources, other tales, historical texts (including
190-517: The early 17th century, the Red Book had passed to the Mansels of Margam , hence back in Glamorgan . It was possibly brought into the marriage between Henry's granddaughter Catherine Sidney and Sir Lewis Mansel , who is reported to have owned it in 1634. The manuscript was later found in the collection of Thomas Wilkins (d. 1699), a Welsh clergyman and antiquarian, who may have borrowed it from
209-521: The end of the 15th century, when Hopcyn's grandson Hopcyn ap Rhys was held complicit in the rebellion against King Edward IV and consequently saw much of his property forfeited. The Vaughans of Tretower ( Tretŵr ), then in Breconshire , obtained it, probably in 1465 on receiving Hopcyn's forfeited possessions. Ownership is suggested by two odes ( awdlau ), dedicated to Sir Thomas Vaughan ( d. 1483) and his sons, which were written into
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#1732863242639228-517: The first 150 years of Norman rule it is known the manor of Llanblethian existed as one of the twelve "member lordships", large areas of land that Glamorgan was divided up into by the Norman Lord Robert Fitzhamon . Most of these manors, specifically the hilly valley regions were held by subservient local Welsh rulers, but Llanblethian and its neighbor Talyfan were held by Norman feudatories , including Robert de Wintona , who built
247-575: The manor lordships created by the Norman lords following the Norman invasion of Wales. It was first ruled by the St. Quentins before being taken over by the Siwards. Under the Norman lordship power in the region shifted from the village to nearby Cowbridge, where manorial affairs were conducted. Llanblethian has several fine large buildings including an early 18th century great house, a 12th-century church dedicated to St John
266-564: The manuscript by Welsh poet Lewys Glyn Cothi at Tretower. The Red Book soon passed into the possession of the Vaughans of Hergest Court, near Kington in the Welsh Marches . Sir John Price of Brecon reports to have seen the manuscript in 1550, presumably at Hergest. In the late 1560s, William Salesbury found the manuscript in the possession of Sir Henry Sidney at Ludlow , when Siancyn Gwyn of Llanidloes held it on loan from him. By
285-526: The manuscript has been identified as Hywel Fychan fab Hywel Goch of Buellt . He is known to have worked for Hopcyn ap Tomas ab Einion ( c. 1330–1403) of Ynysforgan , Swansea , and it is possible that the manuscript was compiled for Hopcyn. According to scholar Daniel Huws , it is "by far the heaviest of the medieval books in Welsh, the largest in its dimensions...and the thickest". The manuscript appears to have been retained by Hopcyn's family until
304-468: The nearby settlement of Cowbridge. By the 18th century, Llanblethian contained a few large houses, but was essentially a collection of farms with the economy supported by craftsmen with some emphasis on the weaving trade. A hundred years later the village had begun attracting wealthy residents, including retired military and naval officers. This still left the majority of the population made up of poorly paid labourers, servants and farm-workers. Up until
323-658: The title for the Red Book of Westmarch , the imagined legendary source of Tolkien's tales. Llanblethian Llanblethian ( Welsh : Llanfleiddian ) is a village in the Vale of Glamorgan in Wales which sits upon the River Thaw . It makes up part of the community of Cowbridge with Llanblethian , which consists of the village itself, the larger market town of Cowbridge and Aberthin . Llanblethian first came to prominence as one of
342-449: Was commissioned by Llewelyn the Last in peace negotiations with Edward I of England . Heylyn or Heylin as a surname may refer to: Red Book of Hergest The Red Book of Hergest ( Welsh : Llyfr Coch Hergest ), Oxford, Jesus College , MS 111, is a large vellum manuscript written shortly after 1382, which ranks as one of the most important medieval manuscripts written in
361-413: Was fortified further with the addition of a gatehouse and curtain wall. During the medieval period it is recorded that a fulling mill existed in the area, as well as wind or water powered grain mills. An extensive manor stretching far beyond the village boundaries, the local economy was based heavily on agriculture. It was during this period that administrative affairs of the manor began moving towards
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