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113-454: Improvements from Hexen: Beyond Heretic and Quake include destructible environments , mounted weapons, and unique level up abilities. Like its predecessor, Hexen II also uses a hub system. These hubs are a number of interconnected levels ; changes made in one level have effects in another. Furthermore, the Tome of Power artifact makes a return from Heretic . The gameplay of Hexen II

226-545: A source port of the Quake engine to support hardware accelerated rendering on graphics cards using the Rendition Vérité chipset. Aside from the expected benefit of improved performance, VQuake offered numerous visual improvements over the original software-rendered Quake . It boasted full 16-bit color, bilinear filtering (reducing pixelation), improved dynamic lighting, optional anti-aliasing, and improved source code clarity, as

339-462: A source-code editor that can alert the programmer to common errors. Modification often includes code refactoring (improving the structure without changing functionality) and restructuring (improving structure and functionality at the same time). Nearly every change to code will introduce new bugs or unexpected ripple effects , which require another round of fixes. Code reviews by other developers are often used to scrutinize new code added to

452-430: A trade secret . Proprietary, secret source code and algorithms are widely used for sensitive government applications such as criminal justice , which results in black box behavior with a lack of transparency into the algorithm's methodology. The result is avoidance of public scrutiny of issues such as bias. Access to the source code (not just the object code) is essential to modifying it. Understanding existing code

565-471: A wrapper for the proprietary Glide API , and thus is only compatible with 3dfx hardware. Custom OpenGL drivers were also released by PowerVR and Rendition for running Hexen II with their respective (and also now defunct) products. Removal of the ICD allows the game to use the default OpenGL system library. Much of the music in this game is remixed versions of the soundtracks of Hexen and Heretic to match

678-401: A "Ring of Regeneration". Conceived as a VGA full-color side-scrolling role-playing video game , The Fight for Justice was never released. The team briefly explored making the project in 1991 but abandoned the idea as the technology for it simply did not exist at the time. The project was only in development for about two weeks. A return to the Quake concept was raised by John Romero in

791-415: A December 1, 1994, post to an online bulletin board, John Romero wrote, "Okay, people. It seems that everyone is speculating on whether Quake is going to be a slow, RPG-style light-action game. Wrong! What does id do best and dominate at? Can you say "action"? I knew you could. Quake will be constant, hectic action throughout – probably more so than Doom". The team entered into an R&D phase while Carmack

904-416: A SPARC Solaris port later that year also by Taylor. An SVGAlib port for Linux was created by programmer Greg Alexander in 1997 using leaked source code but was later mainlined by id, unlike similar unofficial ports for OS/2 , Amiga , Java VMs , and Mac OS . The first commercially released port was for Mac OS, done by MacSoft and Lion Entertainment, Inc. (the latter company ceased to exist just prior to

1017-529: A bottleneck. This led to the introduction of high-level programming languages such as Fortran in the mid-1950s. These languages abstracted away the details of the hardware, instead being designed to express algorithms that could be understood more easily by humans. As instructions distinct from the underlying computer hardware , software is therefore relatively recent, dating to these early high-level programming languages such as Fortran , Lisp , and Cobol . The invention of high-level programming languages

1130-494: A build-up of previously sent movement requests. John Carmack has admitted that this was a serious problem that should have been fixed before release, but it was not caught because he and other developers had high-speed Internet access at home. After months of private beta testing, QuakeWorld, written by John Carmack with help from John Cash and Christian Antkow, was released on December 13, 1996. The client portion followed on December 17. Official id Software development stopped with

1243-480: A computer can execute it. The translation process can be implemented three ways. Source code can be converted into machine code by a compiler or an assembler . The resulting executable is machine code ready for the computer. Alternatively, source code can be executed without conversion via an interpreter . An interpreter loads the source code into memory. It simultaneously translates and executes each statement . A method that combines compilation and interpretation

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1356-654: A dragon guarding the "temporal energy converter". The two new power-ups include the Anti Grav Belt, which allows the player to jump higher; and the Power Shield, which lowers the damage the player receives. Rather than offering new weapons, the mission pack gives the player four new types of ammo for existing weapons, such as "lava nails" for the Nailgun, cluster grenades for the Grenade Launcher, rockets that split into four in

1469-402: A first person shooter, as it would be faster and less risky. Romero opposed the change, but relented. The creative differences would ultimately lead to his departure from the company after completing Quake . Quake was programmed by John Carmack, Michael Abrash , and John Cash. The levels and scenarios were designed by American McGee , Sandy Petersen , John Romero, and Tim Willits , and

1582-529: A floating magic artefact named the Hellgate Cube which attacked his foes with lightning bolts. John Romero described fighting alongside Quake as the most fun they had playing D&D . The Silver Shadow Band did "contract work for Justice, an even more powerful group". The original campaign concluded in early 1992, after Romero's character made a deal with a demon, exchanging a book called the Demonomicron for

1695-458: A game engine that was still in development presented difficulties for the designers. Around fifty levels were developed during the R&;D process, but engine changes meant that the team was frequently having to redo work. Much of this needed to be scrapped by the time the engine was completed in late 1995. The team was burned out from the process, and raised the idea of using the existing demo levels for

1808-635: A horizontal line for the Rocket Launcher, and plasma cells for the Thunderbolt, as well as a grappling hook to help with moving around the levels. Tim Soete of GameSpot gave it a score of 7.7 out of 10. To celebrate Quake ' s 20th anniversary, a mission pack was developed by MachineGames and released on June 24, 2016. It features 10 new single-player levels and a new multiplayer level, but does not use new gameplay additions from Scourge of Armagon and Dissolution of Eternity . Chronologically, it

1921-582: A magic sword called the Daikatana, which resulted in a demonic invasion that wiped out the Material Plane . A preview included with id Software's first release, 1990's Commander Keen , advertised a game entitled The Fight for Justice as a follow-up to the Commander Keen trilogy. It would feature a character named Quake, "the strongest, most dangerous person on the continent", armed with thunderbolts and

2034-401: A meeting in late 1994, when discussing the next engine and main project after the completion of Doom II . Newer members of the team, including American McGee and Sandy Petersen , had not been present for the original D&D campaign or game project, but were on board with the idea after it was explained to them, and the team was then in agreement about the broad direction of the title. In

2147-505: A more heavy metal themed look for his levels. This second texture set was used for the Vaults of Zin. Before gameplay could be worked on in earnest, Carmack would need to build the game engine which was a significant undertaking, and took much longer than anticipated. Carmack was not only developing a fully 3D engine, but also a TCP/IP networking model. Carmack later said that he should have done two separate projects which developed those things-

2260-528: A new soundtrack composed by Jeehun Hwang, and gameplay features not originally present in Quake , including rotating structures and breakable walls. Unlike the main Quake game and Mission Pack No. 2, Scourge does away with the episode hub, requiring the three episodes to be played sequentially. The three new enemies include Centroids, large cybernetic scorpions with nailguns; Gremlins, small goblins that can steal weapons and multiply by feeding on enemy corpses; and Spike Mines, floating orbs that detonate when near

2373-510: A normal deathmatch environment in favor of a teamplay castle siege. The basic premise was to divide the players into two teams—attackers and defenders—with each side either assaulting or protecting the castle respectively. At the end of the time limit, whichever team controlled the crown was declared victorious. The mod featured appropriate objects used in the single-player portion of the game, namely catapults and ballistae. The classes were drastically altered with new weapons and abilities, reflecting

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2486-444: A project. The purpose of this phase is often to verify that the code meets style and maintainability standards and that it is a correct implementation of the software design . According to some estimates, code review dramatically reduce the number of bugs persisting after software testing is complete. Along with software testing that works by executing the code, static program analysis uses automated tools to detect problems with

2599-424: A prototype titled Quake: Arcade Tournament Edition in the arcades in limited quantities. R-Comp Interactive published the game for RISC OS as Quake Resurrection in 1999, including the total conversion Malice and expansion Q!Zone , although community-made source ports such as ArcQuake were also available. An unreleased Game Boy Advance port of Quake was in development from Randy Linden in 2002, and

2712-405: A recurring theme of hellish and satanic imagery reminiscent of Doom (such as pentagrams and images of demons on the walls). The game's setting is inspired by dark fantasy influences, including H. P. Lovecraft 's Cthulhu Mythos . Dimensional Shamblers appear as enemies, the "Spawn" enemies are called "Formless Spawn of Tsathoggua " in the manual, the boss of the first episode is named Chthon,

2825-720: A score 8.6 out of 10. Quake Mission Pack No. 2: Dissolution of Eternity was the second official mission pack, released on March 19, 1997. Developed by Rogue Entertainment , it features two episodes divided into fifteen new single-player levels, a new multiplayer level, a new soundtrack, and several new enemies and bosses. Notably, the pack lacks secret levels. The eight new enemies include Electric Eels, Phantom Swordsmen, Multi-Grenade Ogres (which fire cluster grenades), Hell Spawn, Wraths (floating, robed undead), Guardians (resurrected ancient Egyptian warriors), Mummies, and statues of various enemies that can come to life. The four new types of bosses include Lava Men, Overlords, large Wraths, and

2938-432: A sequel, Team Fortress 2 , for which content continues to be developed. Source code In computing , source code , or simply code or source , is a plain text computer program written in a programming language . A programmer writes the human readable source code to control the behavior of a computer . Since a computer, at base, only understands machine code , source code must be translated before

3051-801: A server (which may be a dedicated machine or on one of the player's computers), where they can either play the single-player campaign together in co-op (cooperative) mode, or play against each other in multiplayer. When players die in multiplayer mode, they can immediately respawn , but will lose any items that were collected. Similarly, items that have been picked up previously respawn after some time, and may be picked up again. The most popular multiplayer modes are all forms of deathmatch . Deathmatch modes typically consist of either free-for-all (no organization or teams involved), one-on-one duels, or organized teamplay with two or more players per team (or clan ). Players frequently implement mods during teamplay. Monsters are not normally present in teamplay, as they get in

3164-406: A specific platform, source code can be ported to a different machine and recompiled there. For the same source code, object code can vary significantly—not only based on the machine for which it is compiled, but also based on performance optimization from the compiler. Most programs do not contain all the resources needed to run them and rely on external libraries . Part of the compiler's function

3277-451: A standard feature of nearly all real-time online games. As with all other Quake upgrades, QuakeWorld was released as a free, unsupported add-on to the game and was updated numerous times through 1998. On January 22, 1997, id Software released GLQuake. This was designed to use the OpenGL 3D API to access hardware 3D graphics acceleration cards to rasterize the graphics, rather than having

3390-512: A total of 26 regular maps and four secret ones), as well as a hub level to select a difficulty setting and episode, and the game's final boss level. Each episode represents individual dimensions that the player can access through the Slipgate or magical portals (in the case of the latter three episodes) that are discovered over the course of the game. The various realms consist of a number of gothic , medieval , and lava-filled caves and dungeons, with

3503-545: A trilogy. Only a select few ideas of Romero's from Hecatomb would ultimately make their way into what became Hexen II and Heretic II . Hexen II was based on an enhanced version of the Quake engine. Hexen II , by way of the Quake engine, uses OpenGL for 3D acceleration. However, due to the prevalence of 3dfx hardware at the time of release, the Windows version of the game installs an OpenGL ICD (opengl32.dll) designed specifically for 3dfx's hardware. This driver acts as

Hexen II - Misplaced Pages Continue

3616-540: A version of the non-OpenGL engine designed to run under Microsoft Windows ; the original Quake had been written for MS-DOS , allowing for launch from Windows 95 , but could not run under Windows NT -based operating systems because it needed direct access to hardware. WinQuake instead accessed hardware via Win32 -based APIs such as DirectSound , DirectInput , and DirectDraw that were supported on Windows 95, Windows NT 4.0 and later releases. Like GLQuake, WinQuake also allowed higher resolution video modes. This removed

3729-515: Is Ranger, who must advance, starting each of the four episodes from an overrun human military base, before fighting his way into other dimensions, reaching them via the Slipgate or their otherworld equivalent. After passing through the Slipgate, Ranger's main objective is to collect four magic runes from four dimensions of Quake ; these are the key to stopping the enemy and ending the invasion of Earth. The single-player campaign consists of 30 separate levels, or "maps", divided into four episodes (with

3842-533: Is a "low gravity" level that challenges the player's abilities in a different way). If the player's character dies, they must restart at the beginning of that level. The game may be saved at any time in the PC versions and between levels in the console versions. Upon completing an episode, the player is returned to the hub "START" level, where another episode can be chosen. Each episode starts the player from scratch, without any previously collected items. Episode one (which formed

3955-498: Is a story set in the Quake milieu and presented in the form of a slide show with voice acting. There are no multiplayer modes in the Saturn version. The Nintendo 64 version includes 25 single-player levels from the PC version, though it is missing The Grisly Grotto, The Installation, The Ebon Fortress, The Wind Tunnels, The Sewage System, and Hell's Atrium. It also does not use the hub map where

4068-603: Is a world that was enslaved by the Serpent Riders. The two previous games in the series documented the liberation of two other worlds, along with the death of their Serpent Rider overlords. Now, the oldest and most powerful of the three Serpent Rider brothers, Eidolon, must be defeated to free Thyrion. Eidolon is supported by his four generals, themselves a reference to the Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse . To confront each general,

4181-442: Is an overarching term that can refer to a code's correct and efficient behavior, its reusability and portability , or the ease of modification. It is usually more cost-effective to build quality into the product from the beginning rather than try to add it later in the development process. Higher quality code will reduce lifetime cost to both suppliers and customers as it is more reliable and easier to maintain . Maintainability

4294-520: Is centered around teleportation experiments, dubbed slipgates, which have resulted in an unforeseen invasion of Earth by a hostile force codenamed Quake, which commands a vast army of monsters. The player takes the role of a soldier (later dubbed Ranger), whose mission is to travel through the slipgates in order to find and destroy the source of the invasion. The game is split between futuristic military bases and medieval, gothic environments, featuring both science fiction and fantasy weaponry and enemies as

4407-452: Is frequently cited as a contributing factor to the maturation of their programming skills. Some people consider source code an expressive artistic medium . Source code often contains comments —blocks of text marked for the compiler to ignore. This content is not part of the program logic, but is instead intended to help readers understand the program. Companies often keep the source code confidential in order to hide algorithms considered

4520-496: Is necessary to understand how it works and before modifying it. The rate of understanding depends both on the code base as well as the skill of the programmer. Experienced programmers have an easier time understanding what the code does at a high level. Software visualization is sometimes used to speed up this process. Many software programmers use an integrated development environment (IDE) to improve their productivity. IDEs typically have several features built in, including

4633-464: Is sent into a portal in order to stop an enemy code-named "Quake". The government had been experimenting with teleportation technology and developed a working prototype called a "Slipgate"; the mysterious Quake compromised the Slipgate by connecting it with its own teleportation system, using it to send death squads to the "Human" dimension in order to test the martial capabilities of humanity. The sole surviving protagonist in "Operation Counterstrike"

Hexen II - Misplaced Pages Continue

4746-531: Is set between the main game and the first two expansions. The fourth mission pack, Dimension of the Machine , was released as part of the enhanced version of Quake released on August 19, 2021. Quake can be heavily modified by altering the graphics, audio, or scripting in QuakeC , and has been the focus of many fan-created modifications, known as mods. The first mods were small gameplay fixes and patches initiated by

4859-617: Is that many software engineering courses do not emphasize it. Development engineers who know that they will not be responsible for maintaining the software do not have an incentive to build in maintainability. The situation varies worldwide, but in the United States before 1974, software and its source code was not copyrightable and therefore always public domain software . In 1974, the US Commission on New Technological Uses of Copyrighted Works (CONTU) decided that "computer programs, to

4972-477: Is the quality of software enabling it to be easily modified without breaking existing functionality. Following coding conventions such as using clear function and variable names that correspond to their purpose makes maintenance easier. Use of conditional loop statements only if the code could execute more than once, and eliminating code that will never execute can also increase understandability. Many software development organizations neglect maintainability during

5085-565: Is to first produce bytecode . Bytecode is an intermediate representation of source code that is quickly interpreted. The first programmable computers, which appeared at the end of the 1940s, were programmed in machine language (simple instructions that could be directly executed by the processor). Machine language was difficult to debug and was not portable between different computer systems. Initially, hardware resources were scarce and expensive, while human resources were cheaper. As programs grew more complex, programmer productivity became

5198-418: Is to link these files in such a way that the program can be executed by the hardware. Software developers often use configuration management to track changes to source code files ( version control ). The configuration management system also keeps track of which object code file corresponds to which version of the source code file. The number of lines of source code is often used as a metric when evaluating

5311-465: Is very similar to that of the original Hexen . Instead of three classes, Hexen II features four: Paladin, Crusader, Assassin, and Necromancer, each with their own unique weapons and play style. Hexen II also adds certain role-playing video game elements to the mix. Each character has a series of statistics which increase as they gain experience . This then causes the player character to grow in power as his or her HP and mana increases. Thyrion

5424-459: The Quake soundtrack "is not music, it's textures and ambiences and whirling machine noises and stuff. We tried to make the most sinister, depressive, scary, frightening kind of thing... It's been fun." The game includes an homage to Reznor in the form of ammo boxes for the "Nailgun" and "Super Nailgun" decorated with the Nine Inch Nails logo. The idea to use Nine Inch Nails for the soundtrack

5537-580: The Sega Saturn . Initially GT Interactive was to publish this version itself, but it later cancelled the release and the Saturn rights were picked up by Sega . Sega took the project away from the original development team, who had been encountering difficulties getting the port to run at a decent frame rate , and assigned it to Lobotomy Software . The Saturn port uses Lobotomy Software 3D engine, SlaveDriver (also used in PowerSlave and Duke Nukem 3D for

5650-560: The Demoness. She is the only player class to have a ranged starting weapon (similar to the Mage class in the original Hexen ), whereas all other characters start with melee weapons. It also introduced minor enhancements to the game engine, mostly related to user interface, level scripts, particle effects (rain or snow), and 3D objects. Portal of Praevus also features a secret (easter egg) skill level, with respawning monsters. The only released patch for

5763-466: The Nine Inch Nails soundtrack due to space constraints. Quake Mobile runs the most recent version of GL Quake (Quake v.1.09 GL 1.00) at 800x600 resolution and 25 fps. The most recent version of Quake Mobile is v.1.20 which has stylus support. There was an earlier version v.1.19 which lacked stylus support. The two Quake expansion packs, Scourge of Armagon and Dissolution of Eternity , are also available for Quake Mobile . A Flash -based version of

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5876-487: The October 1995 issue, and screenshots showed medieval environments and a dragon. Romero revealed in 2023 that the dragon model was never actually implemented, and had simply been placed in the sky for the screenshot. The plan was for the game to have more role-playing-style elements. An Aztec style texture set was developed for the project, but the set was not used due to artistic opposition from American McGee, who preferred

5989-635: The Samsung Nexus (for which it was to be an embedded game) and the LG VX360. Quake Mobile was reviewed by GameSpot on the Samsung Nexus and they cited its US release as October 2005; they also gave it a "Best Mobile Game" in their E3 2005 Editor's Choice Awards. It is unclear as to whether the game actually did ship with the Samsung Nexus. The game is only available for the DELL x50v and x51v, both of which are PDAs, not mobile phones. Quake Mobile does not feature

6102-592: The Saturn). It is the only version of Quake rated "T" for Teen instead of "M" for Mature. Quake was ported to the PlayStation by Lobotomy Software, but the company was not able to find a publisher for it. A port for the Atari Jaguar was reported as 30% complete in a May 1996 issue of Ultimate Future Games magazine, but it was never released. A port of Quake was planned for Panasonic M2 prior to cancellation of

6215-464: The Symbian S60 series of mobile phones and Android mobile phones. The Rockbox project also distributes a version of Quake that runs on some MP3 players. In 2005, id Software signed a deal with publisher Pulse Interactive to release a version of Quake for mobile phones. The game was engineered by Californian company Bear Naked Productions. Initially due to be released on only two mobile phones,

6328-571: The air. Many of these non-realistic behaviors contribute to Quake ' s appeal. Multiplayer Quake was one of the first games singled out as a form of electronic sport . A notable participant was Dennis Fong , who won John Carmack 's Ferrari 328 at the Microsoft-sponsored Red Annihilation tournament in 1997. In the single-player game, the player takes the role of the protagonist, unnamed in Quake but referred to as Ranger in later games (voiced by Trent Reznor ), who

6441-533: The bread-and-butter Soldier class has medium armor, medium speed, and a well-rounded selection of weapons and grenades, while the Scout class is lightly armored, very fast, has a scanner that detects nearby enemies, but has very weak offensive weapons. One of the other differences with CTF is the fact that the flag is not returned automatically when a player drops it: running over one's flag in Threewave CTF would return

6554-405: The client would send the request to move forward to the server, and the server would determine whether the client was actually able to move forward or if it ran into an obstacle, such as a wall or another player. The server would then respond to the client, and only then would the client display movement to the player. This was fine for play on a LAN, a high bandwidth, very low latency connection, but

6667-582: The community, usually enhancements to weapons or gameplay with new enemies. Later mods were more ambitious and resulted in Quake fans creating versions of the game that were drastically different from id Software's original release. The first major Quake mod was Team Fortress . This mod consists of Capture the Flag gameplay with a class system for the players. Players choose a class, which creates various restrictions on weapons and armor types available to that player, and also grants special abilities. For example,

6780-413: The computer's CPU fill in every pixel . In addition to higher framerates for most players, GLQuake provided higher resolution modes and texture filtering . GLQuake also experimented with reflections, transparent water, and even rudimentary shadows. GLQuake came with a driver enabling the subset of OpenGL used by the game to function on the 3dfx Voodoo Graphics card, the only consumer-level card at

6893-507: The current owners of the Quake IP , released online a new expansion pack for free, called Episode 5: Dimension of the Past . Quake Mission Pack No. 1: Scourge of Armagon was the first official mission pack, released on March 5, 1997. Developed by Hipnotic Interactive , it features three episodes divided into seventeen new single-player levels (three of which are secret), a new multiplayer level,

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7006-527: The damage taken by the player between the player and the attacking enemy; and the Wetsuit, which renders the player invulnerable to electricity and allows the player to stay underwater for a period of time. The storyline follows Armagon, a general of Quake's forces, planning to invade Earth via a portal known as the 'Rift'. Armagon resembles a giant gremlin with cybernetic legs and a combined rocket launcher / laser cannon for arms. Tim Soete of GameSpot gave it

7119-643: The departure from the normal deathmatch experience presented in HexenWorld . Following the tradition from Heretic and Hexen , Raven released the source code of the Hexen II engine on November 10, 2000. This time the source was released under the GNU GPL-2.0-only , allowing source ports to be made to different platforms like Linux and the Dreamcast . An expansion pack called Hexen II Mission Pack: Portal of Praevus

7232-426: The development phase, even though it will increase long-term costs. Technical debt is incurred when programmers, often out of laziness or urgency to meet a deadline, choose quick and dirty solutions rather than build maintainability into their code. A common cause is underestimates in software development effort estimation , leading to insufficient resources allocated to development. A challenge with maintainability

7345-441: The end result is a confusing and often frustratingly difficult experience." The reviewer elaborated that while the lush, detailed environments and astoundingly animated bosses make Hexen II "one of the most beautiful games ever made", the actions needed to progress are so obscure that they are comparable to what is required to find optional secret areas in most games, forcing the player to undertake frustrating, exhaustive searches of

7458-465: The enhanced version includes both mission packs, Scourge of Armagon and Dissolution of Eternity . It also includes two episodes created by MachineGames : the previously released Dimension of the Past and a new one called Dimension of the Machine . A port of Quake 64 was also included in its entirety via the newly implemented "Add-On" menu. Originally, there were two official expansion packs released for Quake . The expansion packs pick up where

7571-472: The exit takes the player to the next level. Before accessing an episode, there is a set of three pathways with easy, medium, and hard skill levels. The fourth skill level, "Nightmare", was described by the game manual to be "so bad that the entry is hidden, so people won't wander in by accident". Quake 's single-player campaign is organized into four individual episodes with seven to eight levels in each (including one secret level per episode, one of which

7684-472: The expansion added respawning of certain items (such as health and ammo) in Nightmare mode, so that it would be slightly easier for playing. Upon its release, Hexen II received generally positive reviews. Edge praised the game for being different from other Quake engine -based games, highlighting its inventive and interactive levels, enemy variety, and artificial intelligence . The magazine also credited

7797-406: The extent that they embody an author's original creation, are proper subject matter of copyright". Proprietary software is rarely distributed as source code. Although the term open-source software literally refers to public access to the source code , open-source software has additional requirements: free redistribution, permission to modify the source code and release derivative works under

7910-500: The first game left off, include all of the same weapons, power-ups, monsters, and gothic atmosphere/architecture, and continue/finish the story of the first game and its protagonist. An unofficial third expansion pack, Abyss of Pandemonium , was developed by the Impel Development Team, published by Perfect Publishing, and released on April 14, 1998; an updated version, version 2.0, titled Abyss of Pandemonium – The Final Mission

8023-539: The flag to the base, and in TF the flag remains in the same spot for preconfigured time and it has to be defended on remote locations. This caused a shift in defensive tactics compared to Threewave CTF . Team Fortress maintained its standing as the most-played online Quake modification for many years. After the developers joined Valve , Team Fortress was ported to the GoldSrc engine as Team Fortress Classic . It later received

8136-465: The following years. With John Carmack as DM , the campaign featured a group of adventurers named the Silver Shadow Band. The group were named for the silver dragon on which they flew, and each represented one of the core stats of the game. Among them was a powerful character named Quake, representing strength, who fought with a magic hammer capable of destroying buildings. Quake was accompanied by

8249-554: The game by Michael Rennie runs Quake at full speed in any Flash-enabled web browser. Based on the shareware version of the game, it includes only the first episode and is available for free on the web. At the launch of the 2021 QuakeCon@Home on August 19, 2021, Bethesda released an "enhanced" version of Quake for Microsoft Windows , Nintendo Switch , PlayStation 4 , PlayStation 5 , Xbox One , and Xbox Series X/S consoles, developed by Nightdive Studios . In addition to support for modern systems and improved rendering techniques,

8362-450: The game's diversity of weapons and spells for offering different combat strategies. GameSpot summarized, " Hexen II is a game with many strengths - its design is superior to the original Hexen , it has a significant payoff for single players winding through its twisted corridors, and visually it is without equal in the action genre. But the game's attempt to break from the standard first-person shooter mold has some nasty side effects, and

8475-439: The game's environments. GamePro praised the high speed of the multiplayer sessions, the selection of character classes, and the high detail present when graphical acceleration is used. They concluded, "For replay value and sheer fun, Hexen II is going to be hard to beat; you could spend days playing through all four characters in single-player mode without even entering multiplayer battles." According to Erik Bethke, Hexen II

8588-494: The graphics were designed by Adrian Carmack , Kevin Cloud and Paul Steed . Cloud created the monster and player graphics using Alias . Initially, the game was designed so that when the player ran out of ammunition, the player character would hit enemies with a gun-butt . Shortly before release this was replaced with an axe . id Software released QTest on February 24, 1996, a technology demo limited to three multiplayer maps. There

8701-403: The hub themes. Activision acquired the rights to publish versions of the game for the PlayStation and Sega Saturn . Neither port was released. Hexen II was made available on Steam on August 3, 2007. A modification titled Siege was created and released by Raven Software in 1998 using updated QuakeWorld architecture, aptly dubbed "HexenWorld". The production concept was to eliminate

8814-512: The improved performance finally allowed the use of gotos to be abandoned in favor of proper loop constructs. As the name implied, VQuake was a proprietary source port specifically for the Vérité; consumer 3D acceleration was in its infancy at the time, and there was no standard 3D API for the consumer market. After completing VQuake, John Carmack vowed to never write a proprietary port again, citing his frustration with Rendition's Speedy3D API. To improve

8927-475: The instructions can be carried out. After being compiled, the program can be saved as an object file and the loader (part of the operating system) can take this saved file and execute it as a process on the computer hardware. Some programming languages use an interpreter instead of a compiler. An interpreter converts the program into machine code at run time , which makes them 10 to 100 times slower than compiled programming languages. Software quality

9040-653: The last barrier to widespread popularity of the game. On July 20, 2016, Axel Gneiting, an id Tech employee responsible for implementing the Vulkan rendering path to the id Tech 6 engine used in Doom (2016) , released a source port called vkQuake under the GPLv2 . Quake was ported to multiple platforms. The first port to be completed was the Linux port Quake 0.91 by id Software employee Dave D. Taylor using X11 on July 5, 1996, followed by

9153-551: The latency over a dial-up Internet connection is much larger than on a LAN, and this caused a noticeable delay between when a player tried to act and when that action was visible on the screen. This made gameplay much more difficult, especially since the unpredictable nature of the Internet made the amount of delay vary from moment to moment. Players would experience jerky, laggy motion that sometimes felt like ice skating, where they would slide around with seemingly no ability to stop, due to

9266-507: The limited CPU power and ROM storage space for levels. For example, the levels were rebuilt in the Saturn version in order to simplify the architecture, thereby reducing demands on the CPU. The Saturn version omits the four secret levels from the original PC version of the game, replacing them with four exclusive secret levels: Purgatorium, Hell's Aerie, The Coliseum, and Watery Grave. It also contains an exclusive unlockable, "Dank & Scuz", which

9379-427: The main villain is named Shub-Niggurath and is explicitly stated to be an Old One , and the four episodes all have Lovecraftian names. Quake' s development was troubled, and the game went through several incarnations over the course of its development. In the early 1990s, the staff at id Software had a private Dungeons & Dragons game, which would go on to inspire a number of elements in their titles over

9492-720: The majority of the team left the company after the game's release, including co-founder John Romero . An "enhanced" version of Quake was developed by Nightdive Studios and published by Bethesda Softworks and was released for Nintendo Switch , PlayStation 4 , Windows, and Xbox One consoles in August 2021, including the original game's first two expansions and two episodes developed by MachineGames . The PlayStation 5 and Xbox Series X/S versions were released in October 2021. In Quake 's single-player mode, players explore levels, facing monsters and finding secret areas before reaching an exit. Switches or keys open doors, and reaching

9605-529: The networking model first, used for a game which was otherwise in the Doom II engine, and then the 3D overhaul for a second title. The Quake engine popularized several major advances in the genre: polygonal models instead of prerendered sprites ; full 3D level design instead of a 2.5D map; prerendered lightmaps ; and allowing end users to partially program the game (in this case with QuakeC ), which popularized fan-created modifications (mods) . Working with

9718-430: The player battles possessed soldiers and demonic beasts such as ogres or armor-clad knights. Quake heavily takes inspiration from gothic fiction and in particular the works of H. P. Lovecraft . The game went through many revisions during development, and had originally been inspired by a Dungeons & Dragons campaign held among id Software staff. The successor to id Software's Doom series , Quake built upon

9831-519: The player chooses a difficulty level and an episode; the difficulty level is chosen from a menu when starting the game, and all of the levels are played in sequential order. The Nintendo 64 version, while lacking the cooperative multiplayer mode, includes two player deathmatch. All six of the deathmatch maps from the PC version are in the Nintendo 64 port, as well as an exclusive deathmatch level, The Court of Death. In 1998, LBE Systems and Lazer-Tron released

9944-407: The player has to travel to four different continents , each possessing a distinct theme ( Medieval European for Blackmarsh, Mesoamerican for Mazaera, Ancient Egyptian for Thysis, and Greco-Roman for Septimus). Then, finally, the player returns to Blackmarsh in order to confront Eidolon himself inside of his own dominion Cathedral. What was originally supposed to be the final game in a trilogy,

10057-675: The player. The three new weapons include the Mjolnir, a large lightning emitting hammer; the Laser Cannon, which shoots bouncing bolts of energy; and the Proximity Mine Launcher, which fires grenades that attach to surfaces and detonate when an opponent comes near. The three new power-ups include the Horn of Conjuring, which summons an enemy to protect the player; the Empathy Shield, which halves

10170-413: The port's release, leading to MacSoft's involvement) in late August 1997. ClickBOOM announced a version for Amiga -computers in 1998. Finally in 1999, a retail version of the Linux port was distributed by Macmillan Digital Publishing USA in a bundle with the two existing add-ons as Quake: The Offering . Quake was also ported to home console systems. On December 2, 1997, the game was released for

10283-407: The process of finding and playing against others on the Internet easier and more reliable. Quake featured music composed by Trent Reznor and his band Nine Inch Nails . Quake is often cited as one of the best video games ever made. Despite its critical acclaim, Quake ' s development was controversial in the history of id Software. Due to creative differences and a lack of leadership,

10396-465: The productivity of computer programmers, the economic value of a code base, effort estimation for projects in development, and the ongoing cost of software maintenance after release. Source code is also used to communicate algorithms between people – e.g., code snippets online or in books. Computer programmers may find it helpful to review existing source code to learn about programming techniques. The sharing of source code between developers

10509-533: The project was low, and developers were under crunch from December 1995 through to release in June 1996. Romero has described the process as one of the hardest grinds of his career. He was the only member of the team to attend the office on launch day to upload the files. Quake ' s music and sound design was done by Trent Reznor and Nine Inch Nails , using ambient soundscapes and synthesized drones to create atmospheric tracks. In an interview, Reznor remarked that

10622-494: The project. McGee handled the delivery of the soundtrack from there on. A legal issue that rose late in development with the record company meant that the code to play the audio from the CD was among the final changes made before release. Some digital re-releases of the game lack the CD soundtrack that came with the original shareware release. The 2021 enhanced version includes the soundtrack. In late 1996, id Software released VQuake,

10735-467: The quality of online play, id Software released QuakeWorld in December 1996, a build of the Quake engine that featured significantly revamped network code including the addition of client-side prediction . The original Quake 's network code would not show the player the results of their actions until the server sent back a reply acknowledging them. For example, if the player attempted to move forward,

10848-502: The sequel to Hexen was originally titled Hecatomb but was abandoned after John Romero left id Software in 1996. Activision , the distributor at the time, pressured Raven Software to split development of Hecatomb into two different games, Hexen II and Heretic II . Activision felt that the previous entries in the series, Heretic and Hexen, were different enough from one another that they should treat them as separate entities going forward, instead of just one final game to complete

10961-406: The shareware or downloadable demo version of Quake ) has the most traditional layout with a boss in the last level. The ultimate objective at the end of each episode is to recover a magic rune. After all of the runes are collected, the floor of the hub level opens up to reveal an entrance to the "END" level which contains a final puzzle. In multiplayer mode, players on several computers connect to

11074-414: The source code. Many IDEs support code analysis tools, which might provide metrics on the clarity and maintainability of the code. Debuggers are tools that often enable programmers to step through execution while keeping track of which source code corresponds to each change of state. Source code files in a high-level programming language must go through a stage of preprocessing into machine code before

11187-478: The system. On March 24, 1998, the game was released for the Nintendo 64 by Midway Games . This version was developed by the same programming team that worked on Doom 64 , at id Software's request. The Nintendo 64 version was originally slated to be released in 1997, but Midway delayed it until March 1998 to give the team time to implement the deathmatch modes. Both console ports required compromises because of

11300-528: The technology and gameplay of its predecessor. Unlike the Doom engine before it, the Quake engine offered full real-time 3D rendering and had early support for 3D acceleration through OpenGL . After Doom helped popularize multiplayer deathmatches , Quake added various multiplayer options. Online multiplayer became increasingly common, with the QuakeWorld update and software such as QuakeSpy making

11413-582: The test release of QuakeWorld 2.33 on December 21, 1998. The last official stable release was 2.30. QuakeWorld has been described by IGN as the first popular first-person shooter meant to be played online . With the help of client-side prediction , which allowed players to see their own movement immediately without waiting for a response from the server, QuakeWorld's network code allowed players with high-latency connections to control their character's movement almost as precisely as when playing in single-player mode. The Netcode parameters could be adjusted by

11526-476: The time capable of running GLQuake well. Previously, John Carmack had experimented with a version of Quake specifically written for the Rendition Vérité chip used in the Creative Labs PCI 3D Blaster card. This version had met with only limited success, and Carmack decided to write for generic APIs in the future rather than tailoring for specific hardware. On March 11, 1997, id Software released WinQuake,

11639-420: The user so that QuakeWorld performed well for users with high and low latency. The trade off to client-side prediction was that sometimes other players or objects would no longer be quite where they had appeared to be, or, in extreme cases, that the player would be pulled back to a previous position when the client received a late reply from the server which overrode movement the client had already previewed; this

11752-464: The way and reveal the positions of the players. The gameplay in Quake was considered unique for its time because of the different ways the player can maneuver through the game. Bunny hopping or strafe jumping allow faster movement, while rocket jumping enables the player to reach otherwise-inaccessible areas at the cost of some self-damage. The player can start and stop moving suddenly, jump unnaturally high, and change direction while moving through

11865-425: Was commercially unsuccessful, with sales slightly above 30,000 units. Quake (video game) Quake is a first-person shooter game developed by id Software and published by GT Interactive . The first game in the Quake series , it was originally released for MS-DOS , Microsoft Windows , and Linux in 1996, followed by Mac OS and Sega Saturn in 1997 and Nintendo 64 in 1998. The game's plot

11978-442: Was known as "warping". As a result, some serious players, particularly in the U.S., still preferred to play online using the original Quake engine (commonly called NetQuake) rather than QuakeWorld. However, the majority of players, especially those on dial-up connections, preferred the newer network model, and QuakeWorld soon became the dominant form of online play. Following the success of QuakeWorld, client-side prediction has become

12091-404: Was no single-player support and some of the gameplay and graphics were unfinished or different from their final versions. QTest gave gamers their first peek into the filesystem and modifiability of the Quake engine, and many entity mods (that placed monsters in the otherwise empty multiplayer maps) and custom player skins began appearing online before the full game was even released. Morale on

12204-549: Was pitched to id Software in that year. The port was rejected by the company, and Linden's work would remain unused until prototypes of his work were dumped in June 2022. Two homebrew ports of Quake for the Nintendo DS exist, QuakeDS and CQuake . Both run well; however, multiplayer does not work on QuakeDS . Since the source code for Quake was released, a number of unofficial ports have been made available for PDAs and mobile phones, such as PocketQuake, as well as versions for

12317-404: Was raised by American McGee, who had been listening to their album The Downward Spiral during his work on the game. Romero was initially skeptical as he had envisioned a more ambient tone, but was open to the idea of the band composing with that tone in mind. id approached the band's agents, and the group had agreed to do the soundtrack by the following day as they were Doom fans and excited by

12430-437: Was released as freeware . An authorized expansion pack, Q!ZONE was developed and published by WizardWorks , and released in 1996. An authorized level editor, Deathmatch Maker was developed by Virtus Corporation and published by Macmillan Digital Publishing in 1997. It contained an exclusive Virtus' Episode. In honor of Quake ' s 20th anniversary, MachineGames , an internal development studio of ZeniMax Media , who are

12543-509: Was released on April 1, 1998. It features new levels, new enemies and a new playable character class, The Demoness. It focuses on the attempted resurrection of the three Serpent Riders by the evil wizard Praevus, and takes place in a fifth continent, Tulku, featuring a Sino - Tibetan setting. Unlike the original game, the expansion was not published by id Software, and as such is not currently available via digital re-releases. The expansion features new quest items, new enemies, and new weapons for

12656-480: Was simultaneous with the compilers needed to translate the source code automatically into machine code that can be directly executed on the computer hardware . Source code is the form of code that is modified directly by humans, typically in a high-level programming language. Object code can be directly executed by the machine and is generated automatically from the source code, often via an intermediate step, assembly language . While object code will only work on

12769-408: Was working on the engine. By 1995, the outline for the game included a medieval setting, hand-to-hand combat, thrown weapons, an area of effect attack with the hammer, and feeding souls to the Hellgate Cube. Some early information on Quake was released publicly, focusing on a Thor -like character who wields a giant hammer. A close up of Quake holding his hammer was on the cover of PC Gamer for

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