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56-459: Hertenstein may refer to: Hertenstein, Lucerne , a village part of the municipality of Weggis , Canton of Lucerne, Switzerland Hertensteiner Programm Hertenstein, Aargau , a village in the municipality of Obersiggenthal , Canton of Aargau, Switzerland Ruine Hertenstein , the ruin of a castle at Sigmaringen , Germany Hertenstein Castle ,

112-559: A biome classification, as climate is a major influence on life in a region. One of the most used is the Köppen climate classification scheme first developed in 1899. There are several ways to classify climates into similar regimes. Originally, climes were defined in Ancient Greece to describe the weather depending upon a location's latitude. Modern climate classification methods can be broadly divided into genetic methods, which focus on

168-510: A 30-year period. A 30-year period is used as it is long enough to filter out any interannual variation or anomalies such as El Niño–Southern Oscillation , but also short enough to be able to show longer climatic trends." The WMO originated from the International Meteorological Organization which set up a technical commission for climatology in 1929. At its 1934 Wiesbaden meeting, the technical commission designated

224-419: A few global datasets exist. Global climate models can be dynamically or statistically downscaled to regional climate models to analyze impacts of climate change on a local scale. Examples are ICON or mechanistically downscaled data such as CHELSA (Climatologies at high resolution for the earth's land surface areas). The most talked-about applications of these models in recent years have been their use to infer

280-583: A single individual. 90 or about 6.4% are large households, with at least five members. As of 2000 there were 774 inhabited buildings in the municipality, of which 599 were built only as housing, and 175 were mixed use buildings. There were 364 single family homes, 96 double family homes, and 139 multi-family homes in the municipality. Most homes were either two (276) or three (204) story structures. There were only 36 single story buildings and 83 four or more story buildings. Weggis has an unemployment rate of 1.9%. As of 2005 , there were 153 people employed in

336-403: A wider sense is the state, including a statistical description, of the climate system." The World Meteorological Organization (WMO) describes " climate normals " as "reference points used by climatologists to compare current climatological trends to that of the past or what is considered typical. A climate normal is defined as the arithmetic average of a climate element (e.g. temperature) over

392-433: Is 664 people or 16.3% are 65–79 years old, 195 or 4.8% are 80–89 years old and 37 people or 0.9% of the population are 90+ years old. In Weggis about 72.8% of the population (between age 25–64) have completed either non-mandatory upper secondary education or additional higher education (either university or a Fachhochschule ). As of 2000 there are 1,412 households, of which 458 households (or about 32.4%) contain only

448-549: Is as follows: "Climate in a narrow sense is usually defined as the "average weather", or more rigorously, as the statistical description in terms of the mean and variability of relevant quantities over a period ranging from months to thousands or millions of years. The classical period is 30 years, as defined by the World Meteorological Organization (WMO). These quantities are most often surface variables such as temperature, precipitation, and wind. Climate in

504-538: Is covered with buildings, 0.08% is industrial, 0.17% is classed as special developments, 0.85% is parks or greenbelts and 3.81% is transportation infrastructure. Of the unproductive areas, 0.08% is unproductive standing water (ponds or lakes), and 1.1% is other unproductive land. Weggis borders Küssnacht and Greppen to the north, Arth in Canton Schwyz to the north-east, Vitznau in the east and south-east, and Lake Lucerne. From 1850 till 1880, with exception of 1870,

560-462: Is discussed in terms of global warming , which results in redistributions of biota . For example, as climate scientist Lesley Ann Hughes has written: "a 3 °C [5 °F] change in mean annual temperature corresponds to a shift in isotherms of approximately 300–400 km [190–250 mi] in latitude (in the temperate zone) or 500 m [1,600 ft] in elevation. Therefore, species are expected to move upwards in elevation or towards

616-490: Is more similar to that used in Canton Schwyz. At the time of the last census (2000) 84.9% listed German as their primary language, 1.63% listed Portuguese and 1.41% listed English. However, the second most common language is Chinese , which, however, is listed only as an "East Asian Language" in the census. Formerly, all citizens were members of the Roman Catholic Church . This has been changed by people leaving

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672-629: Is not on a train line. It is served by ships and buses belonging to the Lake Lucerne Navigation Company at the Weggis landing stage . The "Riviera" bus line Küssnacht (train station)- Weggis- Gersau- Brunnen (train station)- Schwyz connects the municipalities on the route with the surrounding area. The train station in Küssnacht is on the line from Lucerne to Goldau, and the train station in Brunnen

728-473: Is on the "Gotthard" line (Basel-Chiasso). The ships to and from Lucerne operate mostly hourly. Weggis is on the road connecting between Küssnacht and Brunnen. The nearest Autobahn exit, for the A4, is 10 km (6.2 mi) away, in Küssnacht. Climate This is an accepted version of this page Climate is the long-term weather pattern in a region, typically averaged over 30 years. More rigorously, it

784-651: Is the fact that over 200 Chinese (mostly from the Shanghai region) who are studying at the hotel management school, live in Weggis. Weggis has a population (as of 31 December 2020) of 4,440. As of 2007 , 18.4% of the population was made up of foreign nationals. Over the last 10 years the population has grown at a rate of 13%. The population uses a dialect of High Alemannic (or Swiss) German as their everyday language. The dialect of Weggis deviates greatly from that used in Lucerne , and

840-439: Is the mean and variability of meteorological variables over a time spanning from months to millions of years. Some of the meteorological variables that are commonly measured are temperature , humidity , atmospheric pressure , wind , and precipitation . In a broader sense, climate is the state of the components of the climate system , including the atmosphere , hydrosphere , cryosphere , lithosphere and biosphere and

896-496: Is the second biggest tourist destination in Canton Lucerne. With the aerial tramway one can arrive at Rigi-Kaltbad, in the neighborhood of which is located Viewpoint Känzeli. From Rigi-Kaltbad one can continue his climb up the mountain on the cog railway (Vitznau-Rigi-Bahn). Weggis is also designated the "Riviera of Central Switzerland" because of its "tropical" climate. Weggis is easily reached by public transportation, although it

952-413: Is used for agricultural purposes, while 38.9% is forested. Of the rest of the land, 14% is settled (buildings or roads) and the remainder (1.1%) is non-productive (rivers, glaciers or mountains). In the 1997 land survey , 38.75% of the total land area was forested. Of the agricultural land, 39.34% is used for farming or pastures, while 6.68% is used for orchards or vine crops. Of the settled areas, 9.14%

1008-569: Is used in studying biological diversity and how climate change affects it. The major classifications in Thornthwaite's climate classification are microthermal, mesothermal, and megathermal. Finally, the Bergeron and Spatial Synoptic Classification systems focus on the origin of air masses that define the climate of a region. Paleoclimatology is the study of ancient climates. Paleoclimatologists seek to explain climate variations for all parts of

1064-406: Is what you expect, weather is what you get." Over historical time spans, there are a number of nearly constant variables that determine climate, including latitude , altitude, proportion of land to water, and proximity to oceans and mountains. All of these variables change only over periods of millions of years due to processes such as plate tectonics . Other climate determinants are more dynamic:

1120-399: The peasant war of 1653 they sided with the rule of Lucerne for once. The municipality belonged to the district of Lucerne from 1798 until 1803, and thereafter to the newly formed Lucerne Authority. In 1798 the community of Vitznau was separated from Weggis and formed into an independent municipality. In 2005, the project of combining the three municipalities around Mount Rigi in Canton Lucerne

1176-436: The primary economic sector and about 42 businesses involved in this sector. 281 people are employed in the secondary sector and there are 46 businesses in this sector. 1209 people are employed in the tertiary sector , with 179 businesses in this sector. As of 2000 51.4% of the population of the municipality were employed in some capacity. At the same time, females made up 45.8% of the workforce. After Lucerne , Weggis

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1232-484: The thermohaline circulation of the ocean leads to a 5 °C (9 °F) warming of the northern Atlantic Ocean compared to other ocean basins. Other ocean currents redistribute heat between land and water on a more regional scale. The density and type of vegetation coverage affects solar heat absorption, water retention, and rainfall on a regional level. Alterations in the quantity of atmospheric greenhouse gases (particularly carbon dioxide and methane ) determines

1288-604: The 2007 election the most popular party was the SVP which received 32.8% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the CVP (24.9%), the FDP (23.9%) and the Green Party (8.2%). The age distribution in Weggis is; 730 people or 17.9% of the population is 0–19 years old. 927 people or 22.7% are 20–39 years old, and 1,530 people or 37.5% are 40–64 years old. The senior population distribution

1344-491: The Arctic region and oceans. Climate variability is the term to describe variations in the mean state and other characteristics of climate (such as chances or possibility of extreme weather , etc.) "on all spatial and temporal scales beyond that of individual weather events." Some of the variability does not appear to be caused systematically and occurs at random times. Such variability is called random variability or noise . On

1400-456: The EU's Copernicus Climate Change Service, average global air temperature has passed 1.5C of warming the period from February 2023 to January 2024. Climate models use quantitative methods to simulate the interactions and transfer of radiative energy between the atmosphere , oceans , land surface and ice through a series of physics equations. They are used for a variety of purposes, from the study of

1456-602: The Earth during any given geologic period, beginning with the time of the Earth's formation. Since very few direct observations of climate were available before the 19th century, paleoclimates are inferred from proxy variables . They include non-biotic evidence—such as sediments found in lake beds and ice cores —and biotic evidence—such as tree rings and coral. Climate models are mathematical models of past, present, and future climates. Climate change may occur over long and short timescales due to various factors. Recent warming

1512-543: The Lords of Hertenstein exercised regency. By 1332 Weggis and Gersau were free republics and allies of the neighboring Old Swiss Confederacy . This was confirmed in a treaty between them in 1359. Thereafter, the Lords of Hertenstein sold their rights to Lucerne in 1380. They administered Weggis until 1798 as part of the Landvogtei of Weggis. The citizens of Weggis resisted the Lords of Lucerne through multiple rebellions before 1588. In

1568-600: The Seeboden area, on the eastern border of the municipality. The municipal border runs north for 1000 meters of elevation gain from west Unterwilen (in Vitznau) on Lake Lucerne, up to Rigi-First (in Canton Schwyz ). And from there it runs north-westerly to Rotstock (elev. 1659 m). Then it turns to the west and runs south of Greppen back to Lake Lucerne. Weggis has an area of 11.8 km (4.6 sq mi). Of this area, 46.1%

1624-462: The amount of solar energy retained by the planet, leading to global warming or global cooling . The variables which determine climate are numerous and the interactions complex, but there is general agreement that the broad outlines are understood, at least insofar as the determinants of historical climate change are concerned. Climate classifications are systems that categorize the world's climates. A climate classification may correlate closely with

1680-426: The causes of climate, and empiric methods, which focus on the effects of climate. Examples of genetic classification include methods based on the relative frequency of different air mass types or locations within synoptic weather disturbances. Examples of empiric classifications include climate zones defined by plant hardiness , evapotranspiration, or more generally the Köppen climate classification which

1736-487: The church, and by immigration from other parts of Switzerland, and from foreign countries. Today (as of 2000 ) the religious composition of the population is as follows. 59.98% are Roman Catholic , 16.7% are Protestant , and 1.66% are Eastern Orthodox Christians ; 10.01% are atheist, 1.99% are Muslim and 8.96% provided no information about their beliefs. Among the people who provided no data about their beliefs, some were probably Buddhist Chinese. The Chinese also make up

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1792-473: The consequences of increasing greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, primarily carbon dioxide (see greenhouse gas ). These models predict an upward trend in the global mean surface temperature , with the most rapid increase in temperature being projected for the higher latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere. Models can range from relatively simple to quite complex. Simple radiant heat transfer models treat

1848-543: The context of environmental policy , the term "climate change" often refers only to changes in modern climate, including the rise in average surface temperature known as global warming . In some cases, the term is also used with a presumption of human causation, as in the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). The UNFCCC uses "climate variability" for non-human caused variations. Earth has undergone periodic climate shifts in

1904-583: The dynamics of the weather and climate system to projections of future climate. All climate models balance, or very nearly balance, incoming energy as short wave (including visible) electromagnetic radiation to the Earth with outgoing energy as long wave (infrared) electromagnetic radiation from the Earth. Any imbalance results in a change in the average temperature of the Earth. Climate models are available on different resolutions ranging from >100 km to 1 km. High resolutions in global climate models require significant computational resources, and so only

1960-421: The global temperature and produce an interglacial period. Suggested causes of ice age periods include the positions of the continents , variations in the Earth's orbit, changes in the solar output, and volcanism. However, these naturally caused changes in climate occur on a much slower time scale than the present rate of change which is caused by the emission of greenhouse gases by human activities. According to

2016-533: The interactions between them. The climate of a location is affected by its latitude , longitude , terrain , altitude , land use and nearby water bodies and their currents. Climates can be classified according to the average and typical variables, most commonly temperature and precipitation . The most widely used classification scheme is the Köppen climate classification . The Thornthwaite system , in use since 1948, incorporates evapotranspiration along with temperature and precipitation information and

2072-405: The lake shore), Bannholz (elev. 667 m (2,188 ft)), Bodenberg (elev. 642 m (2,106 ft)), and Sentiberg (elev. 794 m (2,605 ft)). High up the slope, accessible by cog railway and aerial tramway, lies the community of Rigi Kaltbad (2.8 km (1.7 mi) north-east of the town, elev. c. 1,450 m (4,760 ft)). Many other neighborhoods and single farmsteads belong to

2128-443: The link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hertenstein&oldid=798494070 " Categories : Disambiguation pages Disambiguation pages with surname-holder lists Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Hertenstein, Lucerne It forms part of

2184-456: The modern time scale, their observation frequency, their known error, their immediate environment, and their exposure have changed over the years, which must be considered when studying the climate of centuries past. Long-term modern climate records skew towards population centres and affluent countries. Since the 1960s, the launch of satellites allow records to be gathered on a global scale, including areas with little to no human presence, such as

2240-404: The most common atmospheric variables (air temperature, pressure, precipitation and wind), other variables such as humidity, visibility, cloud amount, solar radiation, soil temperature, pan evaporation rate, days with thunder and days with hail are also collected to measure change in climate conditions. The difference between climate and weather is usefully summarized by the popular phrase "Climate

2296-555: The most important part of the atheist group. The Eastern Orthodox Christians and Muslims are almost entirely people from the former Yugoslavia ( Serbia , Montenegro , North Macedonia , and Bosnia ) Of the 3927 inhabitants at the end of 2004, 3141 were Swiss and 786 (or 20%) were foreigners. At the time of the last Census 75.19% (or 80.31% including dual citizens) were Swiss citizens. The largest immigrant groups come from China , Germany , Serbia and Montenegro (mostly Albania), Portugal , Italy , Austria and United Kingdom . In

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2352-599: The municipality. With the exception of the Herrenwald, north of Hertenstein, the western and central portions of the municipality are unforested. The slopes of Mount Rigi to the east of Hinterdorf look completed different, however. This part of the municipality is heavily forested. Large areas of forest include the Kirchenwald on the slope north-east of Hinterdorf, through which the Kienbach river flows on its way to Lake Lucerne, and

2408-612: The northern shore of Lake Lucerne . The official language is German . In about 800 the monastery of Pfäfers acquired the court of Wattawis. The municipality had been settled even earlier, however, because the name Weggis comes from the Celtic and meant Place of the Ferrymen. The freedom-loving inhabitants were subordinates of rule of the Habsburgs at some times. For both the monks and the Habsburgs

2464-459: The number of inhabitants remained constant. From 1880 until 1970 was a period of population growth (of 94.5%), interrupted by two periods of stagnation, 1930–1941 and 1950–1960. In these ninety years the population nearly doubled. The 1970s brought a setback (of -6%). Since then the population has grown very much because of the municipality's good location and the local hotel management school's [1] high enrollment. One unique population characteristic

2520-705: The other hand, periodic variability occurs relatively regularly and in distinct modes of variability or climate patterns. There are close correlations between Earth's climate oscillations and astronomical factors ( barycenter changes, solar variation , cosmic ray flux, cloud albedo feedback , Milankovic cycles ), and modes of heat distribution between the ocean-atmosphere climate system. In some cases, current, historical and paleoclimatological natural oscillations may be masked by significant volcanic eruptions , impact events , irregularities in climate proxy data, positive feedback processes or anthropogenic emissions of substances such as greenhouse gases . Over

2576-402: The past state of the climate. It demonstrates periods of stability and periods of change and can indicate whether changes follow patterns such as regular cycles. Details of the modern climate record are known through the taking of measurements from such weather instruments as thermometers , barometers , and anemometers during the past few centuries. The instruments used to study weather over

2632-462: The past, including four major ice ages . These consist of glacial periods where conditions are colder than normal, separated by interglacial periods. The accumulation of snow and ice during a glacial period increases the surface albedo , reflecting more of the Sun's energy into space and maintaining a lower atmospheric temperature. Increases in greenhouse gases , such as by volcanic activity , can increase

2688-508: The poles in latitude in response to shifting climate zones." Climate (from Ancient Greek κλίμα  'inclination') is commonly defined as the weather averaged over a long period. The standard averaging period is 30 years, but other periods may be used depending on the purpose. Climate also includes statistics other than the average, such as the magnitudes of day-to-day or year-to-year variations. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) 2001 glossary definition

2744-514: The ruin of a castle near Blaufelden , Germany People with the surname [ edit ] Wilhelm Hertenstein (1825-1888), member of the Swiss Federal Council (1879-1888) See also [ edit ] Hartenstein (disambiguation) Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Hertenstein . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change

2800-440: The shore of Lake Lucerne. Formerly, the town consisted of only two communities, Unterdorf in the west and Oberdorf in the east. Because of development in the last decades, new communities have developed: Hinterdorf (east of Oberdorf), Rain and Laugneri (near Hinterdorf), Baumen and Dörfli near Unterdorf, as well as Tischital and Rigiblick on the slope above Oberdorf. The community of Hertenstein (2.3 km (1.4 mi) south-west of

2856-486: The thirty-year period from 1901 to 1930 as the reference time frame for climatological standard normals. In 1982, the WMO agreed to update climate normals, and these were subsequently completed on the basis of climate data from 1 January 1961 to 31 December 1990. The 1961–1990 climate normals serve as the baseline reference period. The next set of climate normals to be published by WMO is from 1991 to 2010. Aside from collecting from

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2912-399: The town, on the lake shore) lies in the extreme south-west corner of the municipality, on a peninsula. On the municipal border with Vitznau , 1.9 km (1.2 mi) south-east of the town, another quasi-community has developed. From the lake shore at elevation 436 m (1,430 ft) to an elevation of 794 m (2,605 ft), several hamlets have grown together. They are: Riedsort (on

2968-475: The variability or average state of the atmosphere over time scales ranging from decades to millions of years. These changes can be caused by processes internal to the Earth , external forces (e.g. variations in sunlight intensity) or human activities, as found recently. Scientists have identified Earth's Energy Imbalance (EEI) to be a fundamental metric of the status of global change. In recent usage, especially in

3024-448: The years, the definitions of climate variability and the related term climate change have shifted. While the term climate change now implies change that is both long-term and of human causation, in the 1960s the word climate change was used for what we now describe as climate variability, that is, climatic inconsistencies and anomalies. Climate change is the variation in global or regional climates over time. It reflects changes in

3080-404: Was delayed indefinitely. It lies on a projection into Lake Lucerne at the southwest base of Rigi , a mountain; such projections are named Weggiserbuchts for the one on which Weggis lies. The town has a famously mild climate and is well known for the numerous southern plants ( chestnut trees, palms , grapes and orchids ) that thrive there. The town of Weggis lies on a south-facing plain on

3136-533: Was originally designed to identify the climates associated with certain biomes . A common shortcoming of these classification schemes is that they produce distinct boundaries between the zones they define, rather than the gradual transition of climate properties more common in nature. Paleoclimatology is the study of past climate over a great period of the Earth 's history. It uses evidence with different time scales (from decades to millennia) from ice sheets, tree rings, sediments, pollen, coral, and rocks to determine

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