A Hereditary Commander is a ( Knight ) Commander whose family holds that title by hereditary right.
70-583: Russian tradition of the Knights Hospitaller was officially launched by Paul I of Russia in January 1797. The original 1797 statute allotted ten revenue-producing estates, the commanderies , to be issued to the most deserving knights of the Order. The award was not hereditary; the recipients ( commanders ) were obligated to contribute a share of commandery revenue to the Order. In November–December 1798 Paul assumed
140-657: A diminished form and negotiated with European governments for a return to power. The Emperor of Russia gave shelter to the largest number of Knights in St Petersburg and this gave rise to the Russian tradition of the Knights Hospitaller and recognition within the Russian Imperial Orders. In gratitude the Knights declared Ferdinand von Hompesch deposed and Emperor Paul I was elected as the new Grand Master. The continuous Order
210-657: A dynast of the House of Romanov and a leading claimant to the Russian Throne, whose claims are disputed by some members of the Romanov family, issued a statement through her Chancellery , disavowing and denying that any chivalric orders, or noble or hereditary commanderies, associated with the Order of St John survived Alexander I's decrees, citing the history of the Order of Malta in Russia, as well as Russian source documents. The history of
280-598: A foreign Bailiff of the Roman Catholic Order, which no longer officially existed in Russia by then. No such decree was ever issued concerning members of the non-Roman Catholic Russian Grand Priory, and in fact the reverse was true. One of the leading French Bailiffs of the Military Order of Malta, who had studied the Russian tradition provided a footnote in his book; "Nevertheless, the Tsars have exceptionally authorised
350-507: A gesture of her respect and admiration. The next year, she sent Count Psaro as an envoy to visit De Rohan in Malta to solidify her relationship with the Knights of Malta, and further Russian influence in the Mediterranean . In 1797, Paul I, Emperor of Russia signed a Treaty with the Order of Malta, establishing a Roman Catholic Grand Priory of 10 Commanderies in Russia in compensation for
420-686: A legal part of the Union) together with a number of descendants of the Hereditary Commanders associated with the Russian Grand Priory Association. In 1977, however, Count Nicholas Bobrinsky , along with several of the Hereditary Commanders, also claimed to maintain this tradition and became what is now known as the Orthodox Order of the Knights of St. John, Russian Grand Priory . This international philanthropic and chivalric group in
490-627: A net worth of around $ 300 billion and to be the second-richest family in Russia, behind only the Russian Imperial Family . The Demidov family scattered to America and to Italy and other European countries as a result of the February Revolution of 1917 . Their progenitor , Demid Antufiev , was a free blacksmith from Tula , where their family necropolis is preserved as a museum. His son Nikita Demidov (March 26, 1656 – November 17, 1725) made his fortune by his skill in
560-676: A war chest for his struggle against Napoleon. As early as May 1802, Lord St. Helens (British Minister to the Court of Russia) informed the Hon. Arthur Paget (Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to the Court of Austria) that the Russian Emperor was going to make the Russian Priory "an independent and separate Community", which would have stripped "perhaps nine-tenths of the Revenues that constituted
630-676: A while, until the inheritance was spent. His spouse was Princess Natalia Dmitrievna Naryshkin (1886–1957), who died in Mikkeli in 1957. Their son was Nikolai Alexandrovich Demidov, 3rd Prince Lopukhin-Demidov (1904–1995), who lived in New Hampshire in the United States. His brother was Aleksander Aleksandrovich Demidoff (1905–1982) who was born and lived in Finland. His son was Yrjö Onni Johannes Demidov, 4th Prince Lopukhin-Demidov (1936–2018). His son
700-679: Is Nikolai Alexander Paul Demidov, 5th Prince Lopukhin-Demidov (born 1976). [No reference added, since a page prepared from notes supplied by Alexandre Tissot Demidoff, great-grandson of Princess Aurore on a Angelfire page https://www.angelfire.com/realm/gotha/gotha/demidov.html, is not permitted.] In 1798, Nikolay Nikitich Demidov was made a Family Commander of the Russian Grand Priory of the Order of Saint John , by Tsar Paul I . Those favoured by Emperor Paul and his son Alexander had been given beneficed Commanderies, and others were encouraged to use their wealth to create their own Commanderies; it
770-428: Is also no surviving evidence of any office holders of a Russian Grand Priory beyond 1810. Perhaps most tellingly there is no documentation that Emperor Alexander or his successors signed or styled themselves as protectors, grand masters or grand priors of any such institution. A further decree was issued in 1817 forbidding Army Officers from wearing their decorations because they received them from outside of Russia from
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#1733085066472840-500: Is also true that more than one Commandery per family could be founded, and this happened (Youssoupoff). However all such Commanderies were created under the regulations given in the Ukase "Ancestral Commanderies of Jus Patronatus " of 1799. Furthermore, pluralities were listed separately. The Beneficed Commanderies were weaned of state funds in 1810 (Ukase 24.134. of 1810), their holders being given other posts with comparable compensation, and
910-554: Is made up of two kanji words: shō , meaning "commander", "general", or "admiral", and gun meaning troops or warriors. It is the short form of Sei-i Taishōgun ( 征夷大将軍 ) , the governing individual at various times in the history of Japan , ending when Tokugawa Yoshinobu relinquished the office to the Meiji Emperor in 1867. Russian tradition of the Knights Hospitaller The Russian tradition of
980-544: Is the descendants of these Commanders who have, with the support of members of the Imperial family, continued that Russian tradition in exile. In the latter days of the Empire and into exile, these were known as " Hereditary Commanders ". The Commanders organised within the "Russian Grand Priory", a corporate organisation which existed under various names; "Association of Hereditary Commanders" (1928), "Russian Philanthropic Association of
1050-469: Is these which were known as Family or Ancestral Commanderies. In 1811, a Ukase was enacted which brought this institution to an end. However, by personal grant of the Emperor, the title of " Hereditary Commander " was held by some descendants who qualified. In 1928, a group of descendants of the original Family Commanders formed an Association. By 1958, the group was chaired by Grand Duke Vladimir (successor to
1120-568: The Demidov Prize . He married the well-known society beauty and maid-of-honour to Her Majesty the Empress Alexandra Feodorovnya , Aurora Stjernvall in 1836. Their son, Pavel Pavlovich Demidov , who became the 2nd Prince of San Donato, was the grandfather of Prince Paul of Yugoslavia . Nikolay's second son, Anatoly Nikolaievich Demidov, 1st Prince of San Donato , was a well-known traveller and patron of art. In 1840, he acquired
1190-527: The First Crusade , it became an independent monastic order , and then as circumstances demanded grafted on a military identity, to become an Order of knighthood . The Grand Priory of the Order moved to Rhodes in 1312, where it ruled as a sovereign power, then to Malta in 1530 as a sovereign/vassal power. In 1698, Peter the Great sent a delegation to Malta under Field Marshal Boris Sheremetev , to observe
1260-588: The Knights Hospitaller is a collection of charitable organisations claiming continuity with the Russian Orthodox grand priory of the Order of Saint John . The order emerged when Malta was captured by Napoleon in 1798 during the expedition to Egypt . The Grand Master at the stronghold of Malta, Ferdinand von Hompesch , failed to anticipate or prepare for the threat. The Order continued to exist in
1330-519: The Knights of Malta and the crown of Russia continued into the 18th century. From 1766 to 1769, Catherine the Great sent many distinguished Russian naval officers for special training with the Knights of Malta. From 1770 to 1798 there was a continuing presence of the Russian Navy among the Knights of Malta. From 1772 to 1773, Grand Master Pinto sent Baillif Sagramoso as an ambassador to Russia, with
1400-661: The Napoleonic War with distinction, raised and commanded a regiment to oppose Napoleon's invasion of Russia , and carried on the accumulation of the family wealth from mining; he contributed liberally to the erection of four bridges in St Petersburg , and to the propagation of scientific culture in Moscow. He was created a Count by the Grand Duke of Tuscany . Nikolay's son Count Pavel Nikolayevich Demidov fought as an officer in his father's regiment and received his baptism of fire at
1470-725: The Revolution in 1917 have attempted to keep the Order alive. On 24 June 1928, a group of 12 Russian Hereditary Commanders met in Paris to re-establish the activities of the Russian Grand Priory. They were supported by three other Russian Nobles who were aspirants and admitted as Knights, and a Hereditary Commander of the Catholic Grand Priory of Russia. They came under the leadership of Grand Duke Alexander Mikhailovich to 1933, and Grand Duke Andrei Vladimirovich to 1956, both holding
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#17330850664721540-629: The battle of Borodino in 1812. After the war, he entered the Chevalier Guards regiment . He received his discharge in 1831 with the rank of captain when he entered civil service as governor of the province of Kursk . In 1834, he entered service in the Ministry of the Exterior as Imperial Master of the Hunt, later State Councillor. Count Pavel Demidov is best known for his philanthropy, primarily for having founded
1610-626: The Austrian Court, leaving Paul as the De facto Grand Master. Although Paul I was the leader of the Russian Orthodox Church , he assumed leadership of the order, which he structured as a Grand Priory with two divisions, a Catholic priory and an Ecumenical priory (for Lutherans and Orthodox Christians). In 1802, the mission of the Corps des Pages (founded in 1759 as a school for training chamber pages)
1680-614: The Commandery. The Priory of Dacia in Denmark makes a claim to the tradition, (which was acknowledged as a legal part of the Union) but none met the original requirements. In recent years there has been speculation about the demise of the Paris Group, with a question about a possible dormancy of the institution - in other words whether a group of individuals could resurrect the institution, and thereby claim to continue it. If done, this would open
1750-579: The Court Almanacs from the early 19th century through to the 20th Century. It has been claimed that there is evidence of the Order's existence in Russia throughout the 19th Century on into the 20th Century; however, this is only through secondary evidence in handbooks, etc., and not primary sources. Some of these works include: This Russian Hospitaller tradition of St John continued within the Russian Empire . Russian émigrés who went into exile following
1820-475: The Division of Petitions of His Imperial Majesty's Chancery, for 1912, Record No. 96803 permission is given to Count Alexander Vladimirovitch Armfeldt to wear the insignia of the Order of St. John of Jerusalem, with the transfer of that right, after his death, to his son. Portraits of Russian nobility wearing insignias of the Order of St John can be found throughout the 19th Century, with listings of members found in
1890-482: The Hereditary Commanders were carefully scrutinised, and those qualifying admitted under the signature of Grand Duke Vladimir – claimant to the Russian Throne. The numbers of qualifying Commanders in membership of the Paris group continued to decline into the 1970s, and lines of several Hereditary Commanders coming to an end continued. For example, in 1974, Nicholas Tchirikoff, the Dean of the Paris Group died without an heir to
1960-449: The Italian title of Prince of San Donato and married Princess Mathilde , daughter of Jérôme Bonaparte . His Villa Demidoff is a minor landmark of Florence . Anatole's great grand nephew, Prince Paul of Yugoslavia , was regent of Yugoslavia between 1934 and 1941. The second and last Prince Lopukhin , Pavel Petrovich Lopukhin (1788–1873) (son of Pyotr Lopukhin ), was granted in 1873
2030-559: The Knights Hospitaller. Once created, the attraction of a few exiled Russian nobles into membership of Pichel's "Order" lent some credence to his claims. This organisation and others have led to scores of other self-styled Orders . Two offshoots of the Pichel Order were successful in gaining the backing of two exiled monarchs, the late King Peter II of Yugoslavia , and King Michael of Romania . Demidov The House of Demidov ( Russian : Деми́довы ) also Demidoff and Dimidov ,
2100-454: The Order of Saint John of Jerusalem." Grand Duke Vladimir Kirillovich of Russia became the "Protector" to the Paris group in 1956, but refused the title of Grand Prior. Commander Nicholas Tchirikoff became the Dean of the Union until 1974. Prince Nikita Troubetzkoy became the remaining member of the council, which effectively signalled the end of the formal Paris group. In 1958, a working title
2170-545: The Order’s principal income!" Although the Emperor did not take this action in 1802, by 1810, necessity forced the independence. Proponents of the survival claim that a Russian Order came to exist from 1810 and was akin to the German Johanniter Order , a Johannine tradition, but legally separate. Opponents of the interpretation of this as a creation of a separate Russian order have argued that Emperor Alexander I abolished
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2240-975: The Priory of Poland prior to its absorption into the Russian Priory. One early precedent is that of Grand Master Jean de Lascaris-Castellar (1636–1657) granting an hereditary knighthood to the Vicomte d'Arpajon for assisting in checking a Turkish attack on Malta. Ancestral Commanderies during the reigns of Paul I and Alexander I of Russia were: 1. Narychkine, 2. Count Chéréméteff, 3. Prince Youssoupoff †, 4. Stroganov †, 5. Count Samoiloif ‡, 6. Prince Belosselsky, 7. Prince Dolgoroukov, 8. Davydov, 9. Prince Barytinsky, 10. Démidoff , 11. Prince Troubetzkoy, 12. Count Worontzoff, 13. Maruzzi †, 14. Beklechev †, 15. Prince Tioufiakine †, 16. Count Olsoufieff, 17. Gerebtzoff, 18. Count Strogonoff †, 19. Boutourline, 20. Potemkine †, 21. Tchirikoff †, 22. Prince Khilkoff ‡ , 23. Prince Odoevsky †, 24 Prince Youssoupoff †. Key. † Direct Male line from
2310-653: The RC Grand Priory); Dmitri Boutourline; Prince Serge Dolgorouki; Denis Davydoff; Léon Narichkine; Count Alexandre Mordvinoff, (Aspirant); Prince Nikita Troubetzkoi; Count André Lanskoi (Aspirant); Dmitri Jerebzoff Nicolas Tchirikoff; Count Dmitri Olzoufieff. Although Prince Nikita Troubetzkoy was counted as a Commander, and was a subsequent member of the Council, he was a distant cousin to the Prince Troubetkoy who qualified; Prince Cyrille Troubetzkoy. Baron Michael de Taube
2380-423: The Russian Grand Priory and/or the Order based on Decree for 1810, not least due to taking away the substance of the commanderies. Proponents say in return that is a bad misreading, misleading even Russian authors such as V.A. Durov. The Decree of 1810 Ukase 24.134 – 26 February 1810, which removed the Order's property, specifically states that the Order is still to continue, and that "All the expenses connected with
2450-456: The Russian Grand Priory. They were supported by three other Russian nobles who were aspirants and admitted as Knights, and a Hereditary Commander of the Catholic Grand Priory of Russia. The signatories of the founding document were (See Taube ibidem pages 52–53); Count Dmitri Cheremeteff; Prince Serge Belosselsky-Belozersky; Count Hilarion Worontzoff-Dachkoff ; Paul Demidoff ; Prince Wladimir Galitzine (Aspirant); Count Wladimir Borch (HC of
2520-554: The Russian Laws which gave birth to that category of membership; Ukase 19.044 of 1799 specifies inter alia "5 years of seniority in the Order and 2 years of seniority of military service" in the Order's troops, in other words five years belonging to the Order, and two years military service in the Order. None of the descendants of the Family Commanders in the days of the Empire and into exile qualified in these respects. Even where
2590-747: The Russian Throne). This group regulated the claims of the descendants. On 14 April 1958, under his signature of Grand Duke Vladimir decided in favour of Paul Demidoff; " de faire droit à Votre requête et de confirmer Votre titre de Commandeur Héréditaire de l'Union des Descendants des Commandeurs Héréditaires et Chevaliers du Grand Prieuré Russe de l'Ordre de St. Jean de Jérusalem en tant que descendant direct de Demidoff Nicolas fils de Nicétas qui, par grâce de Mon trisaïeul, S.M. l'Empereur Paul I-r Grand Maître de l'Ordre de St. Jean de Jérusalem avait été élevé le 2I Juillet 1799 " - in translation; " to grant Your request and to confirm Your title of Hereditary Commander of
2660-607: The Russian Tradition of the Order of St. John, the grade of Hereditary Commander is a traditional entitlement within the Italian Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus . These privileges were suspended in 1851, but restored when the order's constitution was revised in 1985. [1] In Feudal France , Hereditary Commanders (known in French as Châtelains ) who governed castles without resident nobles acquired considerable powers, and
2730-545: The Russian tradition is based in New York, and has over 600 members including descendants of hereditary Russian nobility including several of the original Hereditary Commander families, as well as descendants of the House of Romanov and other Royal Houses, and has recognition as an NGO/DPI by the United Nations. Paul I had created under Russian law, the Family Commanders of the Russian Grand Priory with Hereditary Rights. It
2800-406: The Russian tradition of the Knights Hospitaller are usually ecumenical , admitting baptized Christians from various Christian denominations . Blessed Gerard created the Order of St John of Jerusalem as a distinctive Order from the previous Benedictine establishment of Hospitallers (Госпитальеры). It provided medical care and protection for pilgrims visiting Jerusalem . After the success of
2870-546: The Union of the Descendants of the Hereditary Commanders and Knights of the Russian Grand Priory about St John of Jerusalem as a direct descendant of Demidoff Nicholas son of Nicétas which, by grace of My great-great-grandfather, H.M. the Emperor Paul I Grand Master of the Order of St John of Jerusalem had been elevated 21 July 1799 ". Alexandre Tissot Demidoff (of Berkshire, England) chairs an Association which seeks to continue
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2940-624: The affected properties of the Family Commanders were handed back to the families, provided a redemption payment was made (Ukase 24.882. of 1811). The Order's properties were also reclaimed by the state; for example, the Palace of the Sovereign Order of St John of Jerusalem in St. Petersburg was given to the Corps des Pages to serve as a military academy. Russian Hereditary Commanders, must be confirmed as such under
3010-498: The aim of maintaining the Order's cordial relationship with the northern giant. In 1789, Bailiff Count Giulio Renato de Litta, while on an official visit from the Knights of Malta, assisted with the reorganization of Russia's Baltic Fleet , and later served as a commander with the Russian Imperial Navy in the war against Sweden . In 1782, Empress Catherine sent her son Grand Duke Paul to visit Grand Master De Rohan as
3080-475: The applicants themselves. An eligible applicant needed to pledge his own real estate to the order, provided that it was sufficiently large to generate 3,000 roubles annual income. Hereditary commanderies remitted 10% of their revenue to the Order. Two examples within the Order of St John of Jerusalem of Ancestral Commanderies before the creation of the Russian Grand Priory are the Priory of Bohemia and
3150-414: The candidate is qualified, he must demonstrate that he is the "present representative elder of the masculine posterity of its first beneficiary"; Professor Baron Michel Alexsandrovitch, de Taube. L'Empereur Paul I de Russie, Grand Maître de l'Ordre de Malte, et son Grand Prieuré Russe, Paris 1955 , page 50. On June 24, 1928, twelve Russian Hereditary Commanders met in Paris to re-establish the activities of
3220-585: The death of its General Secretary General Georges Rticheff in 1975. Following this, the President of the Union, Grand Duke Vladimir (claimant to the throne) authorised a Bailiff of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta, to intervene in his "name and to help the Sovereign Military and Hospitaller Order of Saint John of Jerusalem, of Rhodes and Malta on any occasions which presents itself to act against
3290-401: The descendants of the hereditary commanders of Sovereign the Order of Malta" (1929–1932), "Union des Commandeurs Hereditaires et Chevaliers du Grand Prieure Russe de l'Ordre de St Jean de Jerusalem" (1957–1958) and the longer "Union" title given above (1958–1975). Today various groups claim to be the continuation of the Russian Priory. In July 2014, Maria Vladimirovna, Grand Duchess of Russia ,
3360-525: The discovery and working of gold, silver and copper mines. He also founded the Siberian town of Barnaul , whose central square still bears his name. He also commissioned the Leaning Tower of Nevyansk . His fortune was inherited by his eldest son Prokofi Demidov , whilst his younger son Nikita Akinfievitch Demidov (1724–1789) became an arts patron. Akinfiy's nephew, Pavel Grigoryevich Demidov (1738–1821),
3430-555: The eldest sons of the descendants of hereditary commanders to wear the decorations. Such an authorisation can be cited in the military service records of 19 October 1867.(De Taube. p. 43) One can also find the name of Demidoff, in his quality as hereditary commander in the Almanach de Gotha (1885, p. 467 and 1923, p. 556) and in the Almanach de St Petersbourg, 1913/14 p. 178" Pierredon, Count Marie Henri Thierry Michel de, Histoire Politique de l'Ordre Souverain de Saint-Jean de Jerusalem, (Ordre de Malte) de 1789 à 1955, Vol 2, page 197 . In
3500-425: The false orders, which, usurping the names belonging to the Sovereign Order of Malta, pretending themselves to be of Russian Imperial origin." The Union Order founded in 1928, was via the Imperial Grand Dukes, Kirill, Alexandre, Andrei and Vladimir of 'Imperial origin'. The self-styled Orders claiming the Russian tradition, even with those of Russian descent, are clearly not of 'Imperial' origin. Similar to those of
3570-450: The first Commander extinct. ‡ Direct Male line is extinct, but the family was reinstated via the female line by the Imperium. There were originally 24 Commanders of Families registered in 23 families (with two Commanderies in one family). Under the Imperial Ukase 19.044 of 1799 (July 21 Old Style ) it is clear that there can be only one Commander per Commandery. Thus only 24 Hereditary Commanders could ever have existed. In Article XI, it
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#17330850664723640-452: The loss of income from the former Polish Grand Priory (of 6 Commanderies), which lay in the Polish territory annexed by Russia. In 1798, following Napoleon 's taking of Malta, the Order was dispersed, but with a large number of refugee Knights sheltering in St Petersburg , where they elected the Russian Emperor, Paul I as their Grand Master , replacing Ferdinand Hompesch then held in disgrace. Hompesch abdicated in 1799, under pressure from
3710-405: The maintenance and running of the Order should be paid from the State Treasury" cited from the Ukase. Opponents argue that this reference is to the Order of Malta in Italy, which the emperor had recognized. The Court Almanachs following that period still listed the Order of St John, listing as "protecteur" Alexandre Pavlovitch. In the 1813 Almanac the total membership of the Russian Grand Priory
3780-424: The manufacture of weapons, and established an iron foundry for the government. Peter the Great , with whom he was a favorite, ennobled him in 1720. For two centuries, the Demidov plants produced a large portion of Russia's iron and steel. The Palace of Westminster was one of many notable buildings constructed of Demidov metal products. Nikita's son, Akinfiy Demidov (1678–1745), increased his inherited wealth by
3850-516: The position actually became a hereditary fiefdom . [2] In Spain during the Middle Ages and the early renaissance, Hereditary Commanders from noble houses were responsible for the managing the defense and leading the military forces of some cities. For example, Don Luis de Soto, was the Hereditary Commander of Cádiz during the British attack on that city in 1625. [3] Shōgun is a traditional rank and historical title for Hereditary Commanders of military forces in Japan . [4] The Japanese word
3920-413: The problems of being an imitation of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta by giving his organization a mythical history, claiming that it was founded by Russian Hereditary Commanders living in, or visiting, the US and dated to 1908; a spurious claim, but which nevertheless misled many including some academics. In truth, the foundation of his organisation had no connection to the genuine Russian tradition of
3990-464: The properties of Russian Grand Priory of Russia was nationalized, and the property basis of the until then hereditary commanderies became non-existent. Proponents of the view that a separate Russian order existed, see this as if a fiscal and legal separation of the Russian tradition of St John from the main Roman Catholic HQ was created (The main motive of these decrees was financial as Alexander sought to reduce his father's lavish expenditures and build up
4060-427: The right to pass his title and name to his great-nephew, general Nikolai Petrovitch Demidoff (1836–1910) styled as the 1st Prince Lopukhin-Demidov, a representative of another branch of this industrialist clan. His son, colonel Aleksander Nikolayevich Demidoff, 2nd Prince Lopukhin-Demidov (1870–1937), moved to Finland after the revolution , bought Anttolanhovi manor in Anttola near Mikkeli in 1917 where he lived for
4130-399: The survival of this tradition has been complicated by various mimic orders. The large passage fees (alleged in some cases to be in the region of $ 50,000) collected by the American Association of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta in the early 1950s may well have tempted Charles Pichel to create his own "Sovereign Order of St John of Jerusalem, Knights Hospitaller" in 1956. Pichel avoided
4200-422: The title of "Grand Prior". In 1939, Grand Duke Andrei and the Council agreed to the creation of a Priory in Denmark; the Priory of "Dacia". On 9 December 1953, the Hereditary Commanders held a reunion in Paris and drew up a Constitution for the Russian Grand Priory in exile. In February 1955, the exiled Grand Priory based in Paris was registered as a Foreign Association under French Law as "The Russian Grand Priory of
4270-426: The title of Grand Master of the Order and expanded its operation in Russia, increasing the number of non-hereditary commanderies to 99. In 1799 Paul decreed the statute for hereditary commanderies ( Russian : родовые командорства , also translated as ancestral or familial commanderies). Unlike ordinary commanderies that provided direct financial benefits to their commanders, hereditary commanderies were financed by
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#17330850664724340-418: The training and abilities of the Knights of Malta and their fleet. Sheremetev also investigated the possibility of future joint ventures with the Knights, including action against the Turks and the possibility of a future Russian naval base. Before leaving Malta, Ambassador Sheremetev, established diplomatic relations and was invested as a Knight of Devotion of the order. The special relationship between
4410-469: The way to abuse of claims by such as the self-styled "Russian Orders". One group did exactly this in July 2006, connected to the self-styled Order the "Sovereign Order of Orthodox Knights Hospitaller Saint John of Jerusalem" created in 1977 but by so doing leaving themselves open to challenge by the Sovereign Military Order of Malta, who have proprietary rights over the phrase "St John of Jerusalem" in France (St Jean de Jerusalem). The original Union ended with
4480-429: Was 853, and the Catholic Grand Priory numbered 152. A further 21 members of the Order resided in Russia, providing in excess of a 1000 members. However, there is no documentary evidence of any new members being admitted to any Russian order. There is also no evidence of any Russians fulfilling the requirements for membership of the order and succession to a commandery set out in the statutes issued by Emperor Paul. There
4550-440: Was a great traveller and benefactor of Russian scientific education who befriended Carl Linnaeus and Pallas . He established the Demidov Lyceum in Yaroslavl , the Demidov chair in Natural history at Moscow University , and founded an annual prize for Russian literature, awarded by the Academy of Sciences . A bronze monument to him was installed in Yaroslavl in 1828. Pavel's nephew, Nikolay Nikitich Demidov , fought in
4620-418: Was a prominent Russian noble family during the 18th and 19th centuries. Originating in the city of Tula in the 17th century, the Demidovs found success through metal products, and were entered into the European nobility by Peter the Great . Their descendants became among the most influential merchants and earliest industrialists in the Russian Empire . At their peak, they were estimated to have had
4690-401: Was adopted; "Union des Descendants des Commandeurs Hereditaires et Chevaliers du Grand Prieure Russe de l'Ordre de St Jean de Jerusalem". Although by 1975, with the death of the secretary, the original leadership had died out and the jurisdiction of the Paris Group came to a definite legal end; it is asserted that the tradition has been maintained by the Priory of Dacia, (which was acknowledged as
4760-405: Was also approved by the Papacy, but due to British fear of Russians establishing a presence in the Mediterranean and because many knights were Orthodox Christians, the Order became de facto the traditional Order but de jure not recognised similarly or at par with the Sovereign Military Order of Malta or the Order of Saint John (Bailiwick of Brandenburg) . The organisations that claim to belong to
4830-428: Was aware of the mistake, and had met the qualifying Commander in Paris ( Taube ibidem page 43). By 1955, out of a possible 14 Commanders, only 6 were in membership of the Paris Group; Taube ibid page 50. Those families in membership are listed in italics, and the families where the direct descendants had come to an end, were signified by a Latin cross. Under the guidance of Grand Duke Vladimir, applicants claiming to
4900-401: Was broadened to that of a military academy, based on the ideals of the Order of St John. In 1810, the school was moved to the palace of the Sovereign Order of St John of Jerusalem. It continued at this location in St. Petersburg for over one hundred years (until the revolution). There is disagreement about what happened next. Following Imperial Decrees of Alexander I of Russia in 1810–1811,
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