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101-455: The Gazette was founded in 1883. At the time of its launch, the city of Heppner had a population of 370; the newspaper was started with contributions from a number of citizens. Vawter Crawford bought the paper in 1910, and two years later purchased the Heppner Times , which had been founded in 1897, and merged the two papers. It was a consistently Republican newspaper. David Sykes bought

202-441: A "series of linked nuclear families with a 'father' in common". Polyandry, the practice of a woman having more than one husband at one time, is much less prevalent than polygyny. It is specifically provided in the legal codes of some countries, such as Gabon . Polyandry is believed to be more common in societies with scarce environmental resources, as it is believed to limit human population growth and enhance child survival. It

303-473: A "walkout" designed to prevent a vote on Oregon House Bill 2020 . The walkout deepened the alignment of the party with right-wing militias, including Oregon 3 Percenters and Oath Keepers as well as pro-Trump social media. State Senator Brian Boquist threatened, in response to the state government's efforts to return him to the state capitol in Salem, "send bachelors and come heavily armed." According to

404-573: A Republican in statewide office since 2021 after the retirement of Secretary of State Bev Clarno and the election of Democrat Shemia Fagan to replace her. The Oregon Republican Party holds a minority 25 of 60 seats in the Oregon House of Representatives and a minority 11 of the 30 Oregon Senate seats. Of the state's ten largest cities, one has a Republican mayor as of 2023: Polygamy Polygamy (from Late Greek πολυγαμία polygamía , "state of marriage to many spouses")

505-427: A community can increase through the addition of other wives, who add to the family's prosperity or symbolize conspicuous consumption (much as a large house, domestic help, or expensive vacations operate in a western country ). For such reasons, senior wives sometimes work hard or contribute from their own resources to enable their husbands to accumulate the bride price for an extra wife. Polygyny may also result from

606-574: A dispensation to take a second wife. The double marriage was to be done in secret, however, to avoid public scandal. Some fifteen years earlier, in a letter to the Saxon Chancellor Gregor Brück, Luther stated that he could not "forbid a person to marry several wives, for it does not contradict Scripture." (" Ego sane fateor, me non posse prohibere, si quis plures velit uxores ducere, nec repugnat sacris literis. ") In Sub-Saharan Africa , tensions have frequently erupted between advocates of

707-641: A hill called Ball's Bluff just outside Washington, D.C. Shortly after the battle started Baker was killed along with nearly 1,000 others. Despite the untimely death of Oregon's first Senator, E.D. Baker would hardly be the last. Over the next 30 years a steady stream of Republicans were sent to the U.S. Senate by the Oregon legislature, including Benjamin F. Harding (1862), George H. Williams (1864), Henry W. Corbett (1866), John H. Mitchell (1872, reappointed 1885, re-elected 1887 and 1891), Joseph N. Dolph (1882, re-elected 1889), and George W. McBride (1895). By

808-520: A man leave father and mother, and shall cleave to his wife: and they twain shall be one flesh? 1 Timothy 3:2 states: Now a bishop must be above reproach, married only once, temperate, sensible, respectable, hospitable, an apt teacher, See verse 12 regarding deacons having only one wife. Similar counsel is repeated in the first chapter of the Epistle to Titus . Periodically, Christian reform movements that have sought to rebuild Christian doctrine based on

909-517: A marriage license. The Roman Catholic Church condemns polygamy; the Catechism of the Catholic Church lists it in paragraph 2387 under the head "Other offenses against the dignity of marriage" and states that it "is not in accord with the moral law." Also in paragraph 1645 under the head "The Goods and Requirements of Conjugal Love" states "The unity of marriage, distinctly recognized by our Lord,

1010-513: A new monogamous relationship through death, divorce, or simple dissolution of the relationship, regardless of the length of the relationship (serial monogamy). Anthropologists characterize human beings as “mildly polygynous” or “monogamous with polygynous tendencies.” The average pre-historic man with modern descendants appears to have had children with between 1.5 women (70,000 years ago) to 3.3 women (45,000 years ago), except in East Asia. While

1111-450: A number of households, including mobile children. He says that Britons may have ex‑wives or ex‑brothers‑in‑law, but not an ex‑child . According to him, these "unclear families" do not fit the mold of the monogamous nuclear family. Group marriage is a non-monogamous marriage -like arrangement where three or more adults live together, all considering themselves partners, sharing finances, children, and household responsibilities. Polyamory

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1212-487: A significant association with rates of polygamy in sub-Saharan Africa, rather than female agricultural contributions (which are typically relatively small in the West African savanna and sahel, where polygyny rates are higher), finding that polygyny rates decrease significantly with child mortality rates. Polygynous marriages fall into two types: sororal polygyny , in which the co-wives are sisters, and non-sororal , where

1313-434: A spouse from a monogamous marriage, i.e. multiple marriages but only one legal spouse at a time (a series of monogamous relationships). According to Danish scholar Miriam K. Zeitzen, anthropologists treat serial monogamy , in which divorce and remarriage occur, as a form of polygamy as it also can establish a series of households that may continue to be tied by shared paternity and shared income. As such, they are similar to

1414-502: A subset of men fathered children and did so with multiple women (and may suggest that many men either did not procreate or did not have children that survived to create modern ancestors). This circumstance could occur for several reasons, but there are three common interpretations: The serial monogamy interpretation of genetic history would be congruent with other findings, such as the fact that humans form pair bonds (although not necessarily for life) and that human fathers invest in at least

1515-476: A third of the delegates to the constitutional convention and 10 of the 30 members to the Oregon Territorial Legislature . The constitutional convention held in the summer of 1857 ultimately steamrolled Republican sentiment and again sidestepped the slavery question by deciding to leave the slavery question to a vote of the people, while declaring that "no negro, Chinaman, or mulatto should have

1616-436: A vote of about 7,200 to 3,100, a measure allowing slavery falling to defeat by a majority of nearly 5,100 votes, and a proposal allowing "Free Negroes" to settle in Oregon overwhelmingly defeated by a vote of 8,640 to 1,081. Oregon would not be a slave state but rather one closed to black immigration — a law remaining on the books (albeit not in actual effect) into the 20th century. On April 1, 1859, just two weeks after Oregon

1717-484: Is a rare form of marriage that exists not only among poor families, but also the elite. For example, in the Himalayan Mountains polyandry is related to the scarcity of land; the marriage of all brothers in a family to the same wife allows family land to remain intact and undivided. If every brother married separately and had children, family land would be split into unsustainable small plots. In Europe, this outcome

1818-468: Is accepted in the community, the majority of relationships in the society are monogamous in practice – while couples remain in the relationship, which may not be lifelong. In many historical communities, serial monogamy may have been the accepted practice rather than a lifelong monogamous bond. How monogamy is defined when it comes to accepted sexual activity outside of the relationship, however, may differ by society. Recent anthropological data suggest that

1919-670: Is desired by men more for the generation of male offspring whose labor is valued. Anthropologists Douglas R. White and Michael L. Burton discuss and support Jack Goody's observation regarding African male farming systems in "Causes of Polygyny: Ecology, Economy, Kinship, and Warfare" where these authors note: Goody (1973) argues against the female contributions hypothesis. He notes Dorjahn's (1959) comparison of East and West Africa, showing higher female agricultural contributions in East Africa and higher polygyny rates in West Africa, especially

2020-412: Is made clear in the equal personal dignity which must be accorded to husband and wife in mutual and unreserved affection. Polygamy is contrary to conjugal love which is undivided and exclusive." Saint Augustine saw a conflict with Old Testament polygamy. He refrained from judging the patriarchs, but did not deduce from their practice the ongoing acceptability of polygyny. On the contrary, he argued that

2121-544: Is more widespread in Africa than on any other continent, especially in West Africa , and some scholars see the slave trade 's impact on the male-to-female sex ratio as a key factor in the emergence and fortification of polygynous practices in regions of Africa. In the region of sub-Saharan Africa , polygyny is common and deeply rooted in the culture, with 11% of the population of sub-Saharan Africa living in such marriages (25% of

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2222-554: Is not satisfied with one woman and seeks out other women is on the path to decline". Other fragments in the Buddhist scripture seem to treat polygamy unfavorably, leading some authors to conclude that Buddhism generally does not approve of it or alternatively regards it as a tolerated, but subordinate, marital model. Polygamy in Thailand was legally recognized until 1935. Polygamy in Myanmar

2323-488: Is on a continuum of family-bonds that includes group marriage. The term does not refer to bigamy as no claim to being married in formal legal terms is made. Scientific studies classify humans as "mildly polygynous" or "monogamous with polygynous tendencies." As mentioned above, data from 1960 to 1980 in the Ethnographic Atlas Codebook indicated that polygamy was common. A separate 1988 review examined

2424-528: Is practiced, but sometimes father and son have a common wife, which is a unique family structure in the world. Other forms of marriage are also present, like group marriage and monogamous marriage. Polyandry (especially fraternal polyandry) is also common in Tibet Some pre-Christian Celtic pagans were known to practice polygamy, although the Celtic peoples wavered between it, monogamy and polyandry depending on

2525-548: Is the accepted form in the vast majority of cases. According to the Ethnographic Atlas Codebook , of 1,231 societies noted between from 1960 to 1980, 588 had frequent polygyny, 453 had occasional polygyny, 186 were monogamous, and 4 had polyandry  – although more recent research found some form of polyandry in 53 communities, which is more common than previously thought. In cultures which practice polygamy, its prevalence among that population often correlates with social class and socioeconomic status. Polygamy (taking

2626-613: Is the most recent Republican to serve in the US Senate. Since 2000, the Republicans have only held one statewide office, the Secretary of State , which was held by Dennis Richardson from 2017 to 2019, and then Bev Clarno , who finished Richardson's term due to his death while in office. The Oregon Republican Party gained national attention in June 2019 when all 11 Republican state senators staged

2727-448: Is the practice of marrying multiple spouses . When a man is married to more than one wife at the same time, it is called polygyny . When a woman is married to more than one husband at the same time, it is called polyandry . In sociobiology and zoology , researchers use polygamy in a broad sense to mean any form of multiple mating . In contrast to polygamy, monogamy is marriage consisting of only two parties. Like "monogamy",

2828-543: The 2021 storming of the United States Capitol by supporters of Donald Trump was a " false flag " event meant to "discredit President Trump, his supporters, and all conservative Republicans." Others had previously claimed antifa had staged the attack, though the FBI stated there was no evidence of antifa involvement. The party resolution provoked substantial controversy. Oregon's House Republicans pointedly disavowed

2929-555: The 2021 storming of the United States Capitol , Oregon Republicans again received national attention. On 21 December 2020, an armed group had forcibly entered the Oregon Capitol, caused damage, and sprayed “some kind of chemical agent” at the officers guarding the capitol. Police identified the chemical agent as " bear spray ." The capitol break-in was promoted by the far-right Patriot Prayer . In January 2021, evidence came to light that Representative Mike Nearman had opened doors to

3030-557: The Pew Charitable Trusts , "rare walkouts are ones like that in Oregon, where lawmakers flee the state for several weeks or months. These large events use a lot of political capital and show voters that those lawmakers might be sore losers and unwilling to negotiate." Oregon Republicans continued such "walkouts" in 2021 to protest coronavirus restrictions and disable normal political processes, as well as organized groups to harass state inspectors doing their lawful work. Following

3131-495: The Qing dynasty (1644–1912). This constitutes a form of de facto polygyny referred to as concubinage . Marriage is the moment at which a new household is formed, but different arrangements may occur depending upon the type of marriage and some polygamous marriages do not result in the formation of a single household. In many polygynous marriages the husband's wives may live in separate households. They can thus be described as

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3232-463: The cultural belief that a child can have more than one father. Non-fraternal polyandry occurs when the wives' husbands are unrelated, as among the Nayar tribe of India , where girls undergo a ritual marriage before puberty, and the first husband is acknowledged as the father of all her children. However, the woman may never cohabit with that man, taking multiple lovers instead; these men must acknowledge

3333-492: The death penalty ; lower taxes; deregulation and minimal government intervention in the economy; opposition to same-sex marriage ; repeal of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act ; opposition for "amnesty" for undocumented immigrants; an individual right to keep and bear arms ; and voter ID laws . The party's platform, amended in 2019, includes opposition to National Popular Vote Interstate Compact , advocacy of

3434-596: The mustard seed." An alliance of Republicans and pro-Union Democrats in the Oregon State Legislature came together in 1860 to elect Edward Dickinson Baker as the first Republican U.S. Senator from Oregon. An era of Republican dominance in Oregon was begun. When the Civil War began in 1861, Baker raised his own militia, in which he served as commanding officer. On October 21, 1861, with Congress out of session, Colonel Baker and his men met Confederate forces on

3535-584: The 1000 Genomes Project Phase 3 high-coverage Complete Genomics whole-genome dataset. They found that the Southern Han Chinese had a male bias (45% female, indicating that women were likely to reproduce with multiple men). This region is known for its lack of a concept of paternity and for a sense of female equality or superiority. The Musharoff study also found a male bias in Europeans (20% female) during an out-of-Africa migration event that may have increased

3636-535: The 1890s, the ideology of the two major parties had begun to switch, with the Republican Party emerging as the party of sound money , industry and commerce, protective tariffs , and expansionist foreign policy. The early 20th century saw a period of significant Republican leadership in Oregon. The Republican Party controlled the Governor's office from 1939 to 1957 with multiple Governors throughout other parts of

3737-536: The 2020 United States presidential election , and its resolution claiming the 2021 United States Capitol attack was a false flag operation. The politics of the Oregon Territory were largely dominated by the generally states' rights Democratic Party with a vocal pro-slavery component. Only weak opposition came from the Whigs and their nativist Know Nothing cousins. A serious opposition first began to emerge in

3838-617: The Bible alone ( sola scriptura ) have temporarily accepted polygyny as a Biblical practice. For example, during the Protestant Reformation , in a document which was simply referred to as "Der Beichtrat" (or "The Confessional Advice" ), Martin Luther granted the Landgrave Philip of Hesse , who, for many years, had been living "constantly in a state of adultery and fornication ",

3939-542: The Christian insistence on monogamy and advocates of the traditional practice of polygamy. For instance, Mswati III , the Christian king of Eswatini , has 15 wives. In some instances in recent times, there have been moves for accommodation; in other instances, churches have strongly resisted such moves. African Independent Churches have sometimes referred to those parts of the Old Testament that describe polygamy in defense of

4040-482: The Democratic presidential nominee has won 8 straight popular votes. The party is run by an elected state Leadership Team. Each of Oregon's 36 counties has semi-autonomous county leadership teams. They are elected by precinct committee members who in turn are elected by all Republicans in a specific precinct. Both of Oregon's U.S. Senate seats have been held by Democrats since 2008 . Gordon H. Smith

4141-533: The Lord's sake to every authority instituted among men: whether to the king, as the supreme authority, or to governors, who are sent by him to punish those who do wrong and to commend those who do right." (1 Peter 2:13,14) Pro-polygamists argue that, as long as polygamists currently do not obtain legal marriage licenses nor seek "common law marriage status" for additional spouses, no enforced laws are being broken any more than when monogamous couples similarly co-habitate without

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4242-610: The Muslim population and 3% of the Christian population, as of 2019). According to Pew, polygamy is widespread in a cluster of countries in West and Central Africa, including Burkina Faso, (36%), Mali (34%) and Nigeria (28%). Anthropologist Jack Goody 's comparative study of marriage around the world utilizing the Ethnographic Atlas demonstrated a historical correlation between the practice of extensive shifting horticulture and polygamy in

4343-461: The Oregon Capitol "allowing violent demonstrators who were protesting immediately outside the door to illegally enter the building" and cause damage. The militia-inflamed "chaos in Oregon over the past year [was] a prologue to the insurrection at the U.S Capitol," in one account. At least three "men who participated to storm the Oregon Capitol on December 21st also appear to have been part of

4444-529: The Oregon Coast from the water up to sixteen vertical feet above the low tide mark. McCall served until 1975. Victor Atiyeh served as Oregon's last Republican Governor, from 1979 to 1987. Republicans maintained both US Senate seats until 1995, and kept one until 2009. Gerald Ford , the 38th president (1974–1977)Oregon Republicans controlled the State House of Representatives from 1991 until 2006. The house

4545-452: The West African savanna, where one finds especially high male agricultural contributions. Goody says, "The reasons behind polygyny are sexual and reproductive rather than economic and productive" (1973:189), arguing that men marry polygynously to maximize their fertility and to obtain large households containing many young dependent males. An analysis by James Fenske (2012) found that child mortality and ecologically related economic shocks had

4646-619: The accepted practice rather than a lifelong monogamous bond. The genetic record indicates that monogamy increased within the last 5,000-10,000 years, a period associated with the development of human agriculture, non-communal land ownership, and inheritance. Polygamy exists in three specific forms: Polygyny, the practice wherein a man has more than one wife at the same time, is by far the most common form of polygamy. Many Muslim-majority countries and some countries with sizable Muslim minorities accept polygyny to varying extents both legally and culturally. In several countries, such as India ,

4747-580: The advent of property ownership and therefore inheritance. Men would therefore seek to ensure that their land would go to direct descendants and had a vested interest in limiting the sexual activities of their reproductive partners. It is possible that the concept of marriage and permanent monogamy evolved at this time. Other scientific arguments for monogamy prior to 2003 were based on characteristics of reproductive physiology, such as sperm competition, sexual selection in primates, and body size characteristics. A 2019 synthesis of these and other data found that

4848-527: The aftermath of the bitter and costly Rogue River Wars of 1855 to 1856, centered around the growing anti-slavery sentiment nationally and the increasing threat that the Democratic Party would hasten the expansion of slavery in Oregon. Opposition to the Democrats gradually coalesced around the fledgling Republican Party that was intent upon slavery's limitation. A first convention of Republicans in Oregon

4949-597: The arming of educational staff "to protect themselves and their students from violence" while opposing gun-free zones; asserting that "marriage is between one man and one woman" and that "there are only two sexes, male and female, based on a person’s biological sex at birth"; favoring that "all government business shall be conducted in English"; continuing repeal of Obamacare ; asserting that "violent, radical, Islamic Jihadists and other groups have . . . declared war on America"; and "need for personal responsibility and self-reliance in

5050-635: The century as well. In 1918, Charles McNary was appointed to serve as a United States Senator after the death of Harry Lane . Frederick Mulkey was elected to serve the remainder of the term, serving for approximately one month, when McNary was elected to a full term. He was re-elected 4 times, serving a total of 25 years. In the Senate, McNary served as Chair of the Senate Agriculture Committee from 1926 to 1933, and then Minority Leader from 1933 to 1944. McNary helped pass legislation that led to

5151-439: The co-wives are not related. Polygyny offers husbands the benefit of allowing them to have more children, may provide them with a larger number of productive workers (where workers are family), and allows them to establish politically useful ties with a greater number of kin groups . Senior wives can benefit as well when the addition of junior wives to the family lightens their workload . Wives', especially senior wives', status in

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5252-624: The coming of the American Civil War between pro- and anti-Union elements. With the nation embroiled in war, pro-Union Democrats and Republicans put aside their differences at a fusion convention in April 1862, establishing themselves as the Union Party . This joint political organization would continue in Oregon through four elections under the Union Party banner, terminating only in 1868. As

5353-625: The construction of the Columbia River's Bonneville Dam , and supported much of the New Deal . McNary was also the Republican Party's vice presidential nominee in the 1940 election , as Wendell Willkie's running mate. McNary was the longest serving Senator in Oregon's history until surpassed by fellow Republican Mark Hatfield , who served from 1967 to 1997. Hatfield served as Chair of the Senate Appropriations Committee twice, and

5454-429: The early upbringing of their children. Serial monogamy would also be consistent with the existence of a "honeymoon period", a period of intense interest in a single sexual partner (with less interest in other women) which may help to keep men invested in staying with the mother of their child for this period. When reciprocated, this "honeymoon period" lasts 18 months to three years in most cases. This would correspond to

5555-432: The event of a disaster." At the beginning of the 2022 legislative short session, the house republican caucus announced that they would use the session to "fix failures from Democratic leadership by restoring education standards, holding state government accountable and enabling our law enforcement to do its job. We will push to remove roadblocks to health care access and preserve Oregon’s natural environment while protecting

5656-410: The form of polygyny) is most common in a region known as the "polygamy belt" in West Africa and Central Africa , with the countries estimated to have the highest polygamy prevalence in the world being Burkina Faso , Mali , Gambia , Niger and Nigeria . The term "polygamy" may be referring to one of various relational types, depending upon context. Four overlapping definitions can be adapted from

5757-443: The forms of non-monogamy in prehistorical times is unknown, these rates could be consistent with a society that practices serial monogamy. Anthropological observations indicate that even when polygyny is accepted in the community, the majority of relationships in the society are monogamous in practice – while couples remain in the relationship, which may not be lifelong. Thus, in many historical communities, serial monogamy may have been

5858-542: The household formations created through divorce and serial monogamy. Serial monogamy creates a new kind of relative, the "ex-". The "ex-wife", for example, can remain an active part of her "ex-husband's" life, as they may be tied together by legally or informally mandated economic support, which can last for years, including by alimony , child support , and joint custody . Bob Simpson, the British social anthropologist, notes that it creates an "extended family" by tying together

5959-477: The late wife, in other words, must provide a replacement for her, thus maintaining the marriage alliance. Both levirate and sororate may result in a man having multiple wives. In monogamous societies, wealthy and powerful men may establish enduring relationships with, and established separate household for, multiple female partners, aside from their legitimate wives; a practice accepted in Imperial China up until

6060-573: The law only recognizes polygamous marriages for the Muslim population. Islamic law or sharia is a religious law forming part of the Islamic tradition which allows polygyny. It is derived from the religious precepts of Islam, particularly the Quran and the hadith . In Arabic , the term sharīʿah refers to God 's ( Arabic : الله Allāh ) immutable divine law and is contrasted with fiqh , which refers to its human scholarly interpretations. Polygyny

6161-459: The legal sphere, defining polygamy can be difficult because of differences in cultural assumptions regarding monogamy. Some societies believe that monogamy requires limiting sexual activity to a single partner for life. Others accept or endorse pre-marital sex prior to marriage. Some societies consider sex outside of marriage or "spouse swapping" to be socially acceptable. Some consider a relationship monogamous even if partners separate and move to

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6262-570: The majority of sub-Saharan African societies. Drawing on the work of Ester Boserup , Goody notes that the sexual division of labour varies between the male-dominated intensive plough-agriculture common in Eurasia and the extensive shifting horticulture found in sub-Saharan Africa. In some of the sparsely-populated regions where shifting cultivation takes place in Africa, women do much of the work. This favours polygamous marriages in which men seek to monopolize

6363-749: The mob that stormed the U.S. Capitol" in January. Also among the Oregonians arrested for the US Capitol attack was the vice chair of the Young Republicans of Oregon. "The Trump era seems only to have exacerbated the Oregon GOP’s embrace of its most extreme constituencies," writes the conservative National Review . On January 19, 2021, the Oregon Republican Party issued a resolution declaring that

6464-524: The modern concept of life-long monogamy has been in place for only the last 1,000 years. Genetic evidence has demonstrated that a greater proportion of men began contributing to the genetic pool between 5,000 and 10,000 years ago, which suggests that reproductive monogamy became more common at that time. This would correspond to the Neolithic agricultural revolution. During this time, formerly nomadic societies began to claim and settle land for farming, leading to

6565-459: The new political party was announced, emphasizing the indissoluble nature of the United States, opposition of the expansion of slavery to free territory, prohibition of polygamy , construction of a Pacific railroad to link Oregon with California , government effort to improve the navigability of rivers and harbors, and admission of Oregon to the United States only as a free state. The year 1857

6666-502: The next four decades. Since 2000, the Oregon Republican Party has become a minority party in state government, which has generally been controlled by Democrats. In recent years, the Oregon Republican Party has been the subject of significant controversy regarding the increasing influence of far-right organizations and militias within the party, especially during the first presidency of Donald Trump . The party received national attention and widespread criticism for its efforts to overturn

6767-684: The number of men successfully reproducing with women, perhaps by replenishing the genetic pool in Europe. The study did confirm a more typical female bias in Yorubans (63% female), Europeans (84%), Punjabis (82%), and Peruvians (56%). Buddhism does not regard marriage as a sacrament ; it is purely a secular affair. Normally Buddhist monks do not participate in it (though in some sects priests and monks do marry). Hence marriage receives no religious sanction. Forms of marriage, in consequence, vary from country to country. The Parabhava Sutta states that "a man who

6868-648: The paper in 1980. He appointed his son Chris Sykes as publisher in 2022. Archives from 1951 through 1976, as well as many pages from its predecessor newspapers, are available through the Oregon Digital Newspaper Program. Oregon Republican Party The Oregon Republican Party is the state affiliate of the United States Republican Party in Oregon , headquartered in Salem . The party

6969-406: The party in January 2021. In early February, state voter registration indicates a total of 11,000 registered Republicans in Oregon have left the party since Election Day. The 2021-2023 leadership term saw significant officer turnover. Dallas Heard , an Oregon State Senator serving as the chairman of the party, resigned in 2022 after severe internal disagreements with party members. Senator Heard

7070-557: The party resolution, and State Senator Tim Knopp stated publicly that he did "not support the Oregon Republican Party’s resolution." Knute Buehler , a former Oregon House member and recent Republican gubernatorial nominee, "filed to change his registration from Republican to independent." State Senator Brian Boquist also left the party and joined the Independent Party of Oregon . More than 6,000 Republicans left

7171-490: The paternity of their children (and hence demonstrate that no caste prohibitions have been breached) by paying the midwife . The women remain in their maternal home, living with their brothers, and property is passed matrilineally . A similar form of matrilineal, de facto polyandry can be found in the institution of walking marriage among the Mosuo tribe of China. Serial monogamy refers to remarriage after divorce or death of

7272-519: The people. The Republicans did not nominate a candidate for Representative to Congress in the June 1857 election, instead pooling their support for G.W. Lawson, a Free Soil Democrat running as an independent. While pro-slavery Democrat Joseph Lane was ultimately sent as the Territorial delegate to Congress, voting further down the ticket showed a Republican advance, with Republicans joining with so-called "soft" (free state) Democrats to elect about

7373-439: The period necessary to bring a child to relative independence in the traditionally small, interdependent, communal societies of pre-Neolithic humans, before they settled into agricultural communities. While genetic evidence typically displays a bias towards a smaller number of men reproducing with more women, some regions or time periods have shown the opposite. In a 2019 investigation, Musharoff et al. applied modern techniques to

7474-593: The polygamy of the Fathers, which was tolerated by the Creator because of fertility, was a diversion from His original plan for human marriage. Augustine wrote: "That the good purpose of marriage, however, is better promoted by one husband with one wife, than by a husband with several wives, is shown plainly enough by the very first union of a married pair, which was made by the Divine Being Himself." Augustine taught that

7575-441: The practice of levirate marriage . In such cases, the deceased man's heir may inherit his assets and wife; or, more usually, his brothers may marry the widow. This provides support for the widow and her children (usually also members of the brothers' kin group) and maintains the tie between the husbands' and wives' kin groups. The sororate resembles the levirate, in that a widower must marry the sister of his dead wife. The family of

7676-516: The practice of polygamy and have upheld monogamy alone as normative. Nevertheless, some Christians groups in different periods have practiced, or currently do practice, polygamy. Some Christians actively debate whether the New Testament or Christian ethics allows or forbids polygamy. In the New Testament , Jesus recalled the earlier scriptures , noting that a man and a wife "shall become one flesh". Paul stated in one of his letters that "For

7777-464: The practice. The illegality of polygamy in certain areas creates, according to certain Bible passages, additional arguments against it. Paul the Apostle writes "submit to the authorities, not only because of possible punishment but also because of conscience" (Romans 13:5), for "the authorities that exist have been established by God." (Romans 13:1) St Peter concurs when he says to "submit yourselves for

7878-447: The practices of 849 societies from before Western imperialism and colonization. The review found that 708 of the societies (83%) accepted polygyny. Only 16% were monogamous and 1% polyandrous. Subsequent evidence in 2012 found that polyandry (in which women have multiple male partners) was likely in pre-history; it also identified 53 communities studied between 1912 and 2010 with either formal or informal polyandry, indicating that polyandry

7979-410: The production of women "who are valued both as workers and as child bearers". Goody however, observes that the correlation is imperfect and varied, and also discusses more traditionally male-dominated though relatively extensive farming systems such as those traditionally common in much of West Africa, especially in the West African savanna , where more agricultural work is done by men, and where polygyny

8080-647: The reason patriarchs had many wives was not because of fornication, but because they wanted more children. He supported his premise by showing that their marriages, in which husband was the head, were arranged according to the rules of good management: those who are in command ( quae principantur ) in their society were always singular, while subordinates ( subiecta ) were multiple. He gave two examples of such relationships: dominus-servus – master-servant (in older translation: slave ) and God-soul . The Bible often equates worshiping multiple gods, i.e. idolatry to fornication. Augustine relates to that: "On this account there

8181-593: The right to vote." The bill of rights adopted by the Democratic-dominated constitutional convention gave the future state legislature the right to exclude African-Americans from immigrating to the state altogether, thereby setting the stage for restrictive racial laws in spite of Oregon's free state status. Three propositions were ultimately put to territorial voters, with the Democratic-authored Oregon Constitution gaining approval by

8282-506: The state. Republican county conventions were held in Clackamas , Washington , Marion , Linn , and possibly one or two other locales around the state. Representatives of these county gatherings were then assembled at a territorial organizing convention held in Albany on February 11, 1857, which adopted the official name "Free State Republican Party of Oregon" for the organization. A platform for

8383-537: The term "polygamy" is often used in a de facto sense, applied regardless of whether a state recognizes the relationship. In many countries, the law only recognises monogamous marriages (a person can only have one spouse, and bigamy is illegal), but adultery is not illegal, leading to a situation of de facto polygamy being allowed without legal recognition for non-official "spouses". Worldwide, different societies variously encourage, accept or outlaw polygamy. In societies which allow or tolerate polygamy, polygyny

8484-478: The term refers to a physical, rather than a spiritual, union. Such a claim also contradicts Paul's statement regarding authority other each other's bodies. Some Christian theologians argue that in Matthew 19:3–9 and referring to Genesis 2:24, Jesus explicitly states a man should have only one wife: Have ye not read, that he which made them at the beginning made them male and female, And said, For this cause shall

8585-561: The time period and the area. In some areas this continued even after Christianization began, for instance the Brehon Laws of Gaelic Ireland explicitly allowed for polygamy, especially amongst the noble class. Some modern Celtic pagan religions accept the practice of polygamy to varying degrees, though how widespread the practice is within these religions is unknown. Although the Old Testament describes numerous examples of polygamy among devotees to God, most Christian groups have rejected

8686-474: The united political organization for a preserved United States of America in contradistinction to defeatists and Confederate sympathizers, the Union Party and, after 1868, the rechristened Republican Party experienced dramatic political gains in Oregon, buoyed by the defection and disenfranchisement of the Democratic South. The party, as one historian noted, began to "grow like the plant that sprang up from

8787-540: The way of life of communities relying on these resources. We will give Oregonians the freedom to recover financially from government-mandated shutdowns by fighting the state’s regulatory burdens and mandates." The caucus fought to terminate the state of emergency related to COVID-19, and amend the Oregon Constitution to limit the declaration of an emergency to 30 days. Republican nominees won 25 of Oregon's 32 Presidential popular votes from 1860 to 1984. Since 1988

8888-436: The weight of the evidence supports a mating bond that may include polygyny or polyandry, but is most likely to be predominantly serial monogamy. More recent genetic data has clarified that, in most regions throughout history, a smaller proportion of men contributed to human genetic history compared to women. Assuming an equal number of men and women are born and survive to reproduce, this would indicate that historically, only

8989-476: The wife does not have authority over her own body, but the husband does. Likewise the husband does not have authority over his own body, but the wife does". However, some look to Paul 's writings to the Corinthians : "Do you not know that he who is joined to a prostitute becomes one body with her? For, as it is written, 'The two will become one flesh. ' " Supporters of polygamy claim that this verse indicates that

9090-423: The work of Ulrich Reichard and others: Biologists , biological anthropologists , and behavioral ecologists often use polygamy in the sense of a lack of sexual or genetic (reproductive) exclusivity. When cultural or social anthropologists and other social scientists use the term polygamy, the meaning is social or marital polygamy. In contrast, marital monogamy may be distinguished between: Outside of

9191-502: Was admitted to the Union, the Republican Party held a convention in Salem at which it nominated David Logan as the party's choice for the state's first fully fledged Congressional representative. Logan would narrowly fall to defeat both in 1859 and again when nominated again for a full term in the election of 1860, but national political events would soon change the tide for the new political party. The Democratic Party found itself divided with

9292-587: Was also Governor of Oregon before his time in the Senate, from 1959 to 1967. In 1967, Tom McCall was elected Governor of Oregon. McCall is considered one of Oregon's most influential Governors. McCall was a staunch environmentalist and an advocate of sustainable development . He is notable for passing the Oregon Bottle Bill , America's first container-deposit legislation , as well as the Oregon Beach Bill which established public ownership of land along

9393-467: Was avoided through the social practice of impartible inheritance , under which most siblings would be disinherited. Fraternal polyandry was traditionally practiced among nomadic Tibetans in Nepal , parts of China and part of northern India, in which two or more brothers would marry the same woman. It is most common in societies marked by high male mortality. It is associated with partible paternity ,

9494-488: Was established in the Oregon Territory in February 1857 as the "Free State Republican Party of Oregon" and held its first state convention on April 1, 1859, after Oregon achieved statehood. The Republican Party was the dominant political organization in the state of Oregon from the time of the American Civil War through the 1960s, before moving to a position of approximate parity with the rival Democratic Party of Oregon for

9595-692: Was held in May 1856 at the Lindley schoolhouse in Jackson County , with the gathering called for the nomination of candidates to appear on the June 1856 territorial ballot. The convention also adopted a resolution declaring that while Congress had no power over the existence of slavery in states in which it already existed, outside of such state jurisdictions federal power should be exerted to prevent its introduction. Throughout 1856, antislavery sentiment continued to grow in Oregon, with Republican clubs springing up around

9696-401: Was marked by preparations for future Oregon statehood, including the holding of a constitutional convention, and the ruling Democratic Party found itself divided over the question of slavery, attempting to sidestep the issue by passing in state convention a resolution binding Democratic delegates to such a gathering to the position that the matter of slavery in Oregon be settled later by a vote of

9797-439: Was more common worldwide than previously believed. The authors found that polyandry was most common in egalitarian societies, and suspected contributors to polyandry included fewer men (due to the existence or threat of high adult male mortality or absence/travel) and higher male contributions towards food production. Polyandry still appears to occur in the minority of societies. Regardless of the type of polygamy, even when polygyny

9898-524: Was outlawed in 2015. In Sri Lanka , polyandry was legal in the kingdom of Kandy, but outlawed by British after conquering the kingdom in 1815. When the Buddhist texts were translated into Chinese, the concubines of others were added to the list of inappropriate partners. Polyandry in Tibet was traditionally common, as was polygyny, and having several wives or husbands was never regarded as having sex with inappropriate partners. Most typically, fraternal polyandry

9999-431: Was split in 2005, with both parties creating a power-sharing agreement with both parties choosing a Co-Speaker , and all committees and chairmanships split evenly between the parties. The Senate was controlled by the Republicans from 1995 until 2002. The next session was split, with a similar power-sharing agreement created in the Senate. In 2008, US Senator Gordon H. Smith was defeated by Democrat Jeff Merkley . Smith

10100-729: Was succeeded as Chair first by Josephine County Commissioner Herman Baertschiger Jr., then restaurateur Justin Hwang . Following resignations, National Committeewoman Chris Barreto was replaced by former ORP Vice Chair Tracy Honl, while Treasurer Dennis Linthicum , State Senator from Klamath Falls, was replaced by Sodaville city manager Alex McHaddad. Dr. Angela Plowhead was elected Vice Chair in September 2022. The party's formal platform, adopted in 2015, expresses opposition to abortion and assisted suicide ; support for mandatory minimum sentencing for violent offenders, truth-in-sentencing laws, and

10201-434: Was the last Republican to represent Oregon in the U.S. Senate. Elected in 1996 , Smith lost his second re-election attempt in 2008 to Jeff Merkley who has held the seat since. The Oregon Republican Party holds two of the state's six U.S. House seats and neither of the two U.S. Senate seats. Out of the six seats Oregon is apportioned in the U.S. House of Representatives , two are held by Republicans: Oregon has not had

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