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70-428: Henry Hottinger was a founder and member of Wertheim & Co. , a firm of Investment Bankers . Hottinger's interest in musical instruments led to him amassing what some regard as some of the best-known collection of rare violins of the mid-20th century. Hottinger purchased his first violin, a Stradivari , in 1935. For his collection, he strove to find the most 'outstanding examples' of Cremonese masters, and in

140-974: A B.A. degree from Columbia University and completing one year of Columbia Law School. Neil Finch graduated from West Point , and became a colonel during World War I . Four years later, Maurice joined Hallgarten & Co., becoming a partner in 1919. The following year, Klingenstein left Hallgarten to join Arthur E. Frank. Jacob Wertheim died on November 21, 1920, leaving an estate appraised in December 1921 at $ 7.3 million gross and $ 6.0 million net (including $ 2.1 million in Liberty bonds, $ 860,377 in Underwood Typewriter common stock, $ 738,675 in Sears Roebuck common stock, and $ 560,000 in real estate). The following year, Neil Finch joined Bankers Trust . In 1924, Klingenstein purchased

210-539: A German-educated banker, joined W&Co. with responsibility for foreign offices acquired from Colbin & Co. in London and Amsterdam. The company's primary activity is arbitrage in foreign securities. Two years later, the failure of Hilson & Neuberger brought Edwin Hilson, Milton Steinbach (Klingenstein's brother-in-law) and George Jones to W&Co. Hilson was a self-made man , whose formal education reportedly ended when he

280-423: A Los Angeles office opened under the leadership of Robert Fisher. The following year, the company acquired Amsterdam and Houston offices from Drexel Burnham . In 1994, Schroders acquired the other 50% of WS&Co.; six years later it sold its global investment banking operations, including WS&Co. (whose name had been changed to Schroder Wertheim & Co. and then to Schroder & Co.) to Salomon Smith Barney,

350-558: A San Francisco office in 1979. A London office opened in 1982, and Martin E. Segal bought his firm back from W&Co. In 1983, a Boston office opened; the DJIA finally broke out decisively above 1000, climbing to a peak of 2722 in 1987. The company acquired a Geneva office from A.G. Becker in 1984. That same year, Lehman Bros. was acquired by Shearson and withdrew from LEWCO; Moseley and Hambrecht & Quist (H&Q) joined LEWCO. Managed by Frederick Klingenstein and Pierre Philippe, (head of

420-613: A bank holiday and embargoed gold; Congress passed the Securities Act of 1933 (the "truth in securities law"). W&Co. moved its funds into Treasury bills before the bank holiday. The following year, Alfred Kleinbaum joined W&Co.; the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) was established by Congress under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 . In 1935, Maurice purchased The Nation (the oldest liberal weekly magazine in

490-530: A book entitled Salmon on the Dry Fly . In 1949, W&Co. had nine partners: Maurice, Klingenstein, Hilson, Steinbach, Jones, Goldstone, Bach, Hottinger and Allen DuBois (who headed the underwriting department). Wilbur Cowett joined the company, working closely with Hilson. Maurice died in 1950, at age 64. His obituary noted that he was a trustee of the American Wildlife Foundation, a noted fisherman,

560-462: A buildup in the corporate-bond department and initiated the firm's entry into risk arbitrage, U.S. government securities, and OTC trading. Joseph Klingenstein died in 1976 at age 85. His obituary noted that he was a long-term benefactor of Mt. Sinai Hospital (of which he was a trustee since 1941 and a former president and vice-president), chairman emeritus of the board of the Mt. Sinai Medical Center, governor of

630-577: A cabinet-level position, but the new president had other plans for him. Like other prominent Jewish Americans ( Oscar Straus and Solomon Hirsch before him), Morgenthau was appointed as ambassador to the Ottoman Empire . Wilson's assumption that Jews somehow represented a bridge between Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians rankled Morgenthau; in reply, Wilson assured him that the Porte in Constantinople "was

700-553: A controlling interest in the Underwood Typewriter Company, merging it with the Elliot-Fisher Company to form one of the largest office-equipment companies of its day. In its early days, W&Co. established one of the first investment-research departments on Wall Street, originally to help the firm's partners invest their own capital. As late as 1971, its well-known reports were produced on onion-skin paper with

770-451: A dear family friend of Henry's, in the purchase of Longacre Square in 1902. The site became Times Square with a new building there for the newspaper (1903-05). A second highlight is Robert Simon's purchase of Carnegie Hall from Louise Whitfield Carnegie in 1925. Ownership was retained until Lincoln Center's Philharmonic /Avery Fisher/ now David Geffen Hall construction was agreed upon and soon opened. Coupled with those changes, were

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840-697: A fund to assist troubled students at the school, which still operates. In Pound Ridge, NY she co-founded the town's library and gave it an additional reading room, and then at her death, she donated the Henry Morgenthau Preserve, Pound Ridge, NY, in her father's memory. A nephew of Henry's, Robert E. Simon, (1877-1935) [1] worked directly with Morgenthau, prior to and in his real estate business [Henry Morgenthau & Co] for fourteen years (1905-1919). But his work in real estate, with Henry & others, continued until his early death. Highlights include when Henry & Robert advised and assisted Adolph Ochs,

910-625: A fundraiser for Jewish houses of worship. Henry attended City College of New York , where he received his BA , and later Columbia Law School . Morgenthau initially built a successful career as a lawyer. During his life he served as a leader of the Reform Jewish community in New York. He began his career as a lawyer, but he made a substantial fortune in real estate investments. In 1898, he acquired 41 lots on New York's Lower East Side from William Waldorf Astor for $ 850,000. A few years later, he led

980-716: A gold staple in the corner. In 1928, Herb Goldstone joined the company. The following October, the stock market crashed after a period of rampant speculation; W&Co., out of the market before the crash, was not hurt. During the Depression, W&Co. bought Nedicks (a New York restaurant chain famous for its hot dogs) for $ 46,000; after paying $ 3 million in dividends over the years, it sold Nedicks for $ 4.5 million in 1951. Its investment-banking clients included Continental Baking, Bristol Myers , Spiegel and Underwood Typewriter. W&Co. partners liked to take long winter vacations in Cuba, which

1050-624: A hostile-takeover bid by Greyhound. Steinbach died in 1970, age 67. His obituary noted that he was a trustee of Mt. Sinai Hospital since 1956, a leader in the establishment of the affiliated School of Medicine of the City University of New York , president of the school's trustees from its organization in 1963 until his death, governor of the NYSE from 1964 to 1969, assistant treasurer of the Federation of Jewish Philanthropies, charter trustee of Andover and

1120-482: A member of the executive committee of Yale's development board and its Commission on Alumni Affairs. In 1972, most operations of the firm were incorporated; Fred Klingenstein became chairman and CEO of W&Co., Inc., which opened a Philadelphia office. The following year, LEWCO Securities Corp. formed as a partnership between Lehman Bros. and Wertheim & Co. to consolidate back-office operations. Also in 1974, Robert Shapiro joined W&Co. from Lehman Brothers ; he led

1190-552: A membership on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) and became a floor broker. In 1927, Maurice formed Wertheim & Co. (W&Co.) with Klingenstein, Finch and Henry Hottinger with offices at 57 William Street. Hottinger had been Jacob Wertheim's secretary; in 1935, he began what would become the Henry Hottinger Collection of rare violins. In its first deal (announced the week it opened), W&Co. acquired

1260-400: A noted garden writer who broadcast on radio & television and lectured on horticulture - married Mortimer J. Fox an architect, banker and landscape artist. His daughter Alma - an art collector and patron of the arts & music - married investment banker, art collector and philanthropist Maurice Wertheim . His daughter Ruth married banker and philanthropist George Washington Naumburg She

1330-668: A population of 21,000 during this period). His business suffered a severe financial setback during the American Civil War , due to an 1862 tobacco tariff on imports, which closed German tobacco exports to the US for good. The Morgenthau family immigrated to New York in 1866. There, despite considerable savings, his father was not able to re-establish himself in business. His development and marketing of various inventions, as well as his investments in other enterprises, failed. Lazarus Morgenthau staved off failure and stabilized his income by becoming

1400-690: A prominent banker, diplomat ( Woodrow Wilson ’s Ambassador to Turkey) and philanthropist. Alma's brother, Henry Morgenthau Jr. , would become Secretary of the Treasury under President Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1934. Three daughters were born from this marriage, one of whom, Barbara W. Tuchman , became a Pulitzer Prize -winning historian (Tuchman authored The Guns of August and A Distant Mirror ). The Wertheims lived at 176 East 75th Street and in Cos Cob, Connecticut, at an estate known as Wyndygoul. In 1911, Klingenstein joined Hallgarten & Co. after receiving

1470-456: A subsidiary of Citigroup . The LEWCO subsidiary of Schroder & Co. was sold to BNY Clearing Services ten months later. Henry Morgenthau Sr. Henry Morgenthau ( / ˈ m ɔːr ɡ ən t aʊ / ; April 26, 1856 – November 25, 1946) was a German-born American lawyer and businessman, best known for his role as the ambassador to the Ottoman Empire during World War I . Morgenthau

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1540-657: A syndicate that bought a swath of undeveloped land in Washington Heights around 181st Street, anticipating the construction of the first subway through the area. In 1899 he left his law practice and became president of the Central Realty, Bond & Trust Company . He was president of the Henry Morgenthau Company from 1905 to 1913. Morgenthau married Josephine Sykes in 1882 and they had four children: Helen , Alma , Henry Jr. and Ruth. His daughter Helen -

1610-875: A tournament chess player, founder and director of the New York Theatre Guild , an equestrian, and director of the Underwood Corporation , the Cuban Atlantic Sugar Company , the Hat Corporation of America , and the Bond Stores Company . He was also a trustee of Mount Sinai Hospital and the Federation of Jewish Philanthropies. Entering the 1950s, W&Co. was one of the leading U.S. firms in trading foreign securities. Investment-banking clients included Armour and Company , Food Fair, Spiegel, Shoe Corporation and Miles Shoe. Bill Kerr joined

1680-556: The Pulitzer Prize for her book The Guns of August . Morgenthau was born the ninth of 11 living children, in Mannheim , Baden (present-day Baden-Württemberg , Germany ), in 1856 into an Ashkenazi Jewish family. He was the son of Lazarus and Babette (Guggenheim) Morgenthau. His father was a successful cigar manufacturer who had cigar factories at Mannheim , Lorsch , and Heppenheim , employing as many as 1,000 people (Mannheim had

1750-547: The "turning point in Morgenthau's political career". His role in American politics grew more pronounced in later months. Although he did not gain the chairmanship of Wilson's campaign finance committee, Morgenthau was offered the position of ambassador to the Ottoman Empire . He had hoped for a cabinet post as well, but was not successful in gaining one. As an early Wilson supporter, Morgenthau assumed that Wilson would appoint him to

1820-439: The 1960s, W&Co. (assisted by Kerr) became one of about 20 major-bracket underwriters; this was also due to close relationships between Steinbach and Gus Levy at Goldman Sachs, and Cowett and Ralph DeNunzio at Kidder Peabody . Investment- banking clients included Dreyfus, Armour, and Ward Drug. Bob Bach spearheaded efforts to expand institutional brokerage operations. In 1962, the company moved its offices from 120 Broadway to

1890-499: The 20 partners and approximately 200 employees generated annual revenues of around $ 40 million (not including gains recorded in the personal accounts of partners and clients). By 1986, when the Klingenstein family sold its 50% interest in the firm to Schroders , a British merchant bank , Wertheim had 38 managing directors, 51 associate managing directors, a total staff of almost 1,000, annual revenues over $ 200 million, five offices in

1960-647: The Allies' interests in Constantinople , since they had withdrawn their diplomatic missions after the beginning of hostilities. As Ottoman authorities began the Armenian genocide in 1914–1915, the American consuls residing in different parts of the Empire flooded Morgenthau's desk with reports nearly every hour, documenting the massacres and deportation marches taking place. Faced with the accumulating evidence, he officially informed

2030-819: The Conference. Morgenthau served as an advisor regarding Eastern Europe and the Middle East, and later worked with war-related charitable bodies, including the Relief Committee for the Middle East, the Greek Refugee Settlement Commission and the American Red Cross . In 1919, he headed the United States government fact-finding mission to Poland, which produced the Morgenthau Report . In 1933, he

2100-521: The Jewish community for the forthcoming Paris Peace Conference , by groups both supportive and opposed to the concept of a Jewish homeland in Palestine. In March 1919, as President Woodrow Wilson was leaving for the Conference, Morgenthau was among 31 prominent Jewish Americans to sign an anti-Zionist petition presented by U.S. Congressman Julius Kahn ; he and many other prominent Jewish representatives attended

2170-519: The NY Philharmonic's transferred location to the new hall (1962). So, Robert E. Simon Jr. then sold Carnegie Hall in 1960. He substantially reduced the price of the Carnegie Hall sale, [by $ 500,000] to help Issac Stern's committee and NYC purchase and save the building. Simon then used the funds yielded to buy and construct Reston, VA - [name came from / Robert E. Simon's town] Reston pioneered

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2240-555: The NYSE from 1938 to 1944 and from 1947 to 1953, board member of the Federation of Jewish Philanthropies and a trustee of Temple Emanu-El. He was a noted stock-market trader and investor, with a strong value orientation and one of the original contrarians . In 1977, W&Co. moved its offices from 1 Chase Manhattan Plaza to the Pan Am Building; the following year it acquired the Philadelphia office of White Weld & Co. , and opened

2310-560: The Ottoman Empire in 1913, he served in this position until 1916. Although the safety of American citizens in the Ottoman Empire, mostly Christian missionaries and Jews, loomed large early in his ambassadorship, Morgenthau said that he was most preoccupied by the Armenian Question . After the outbreak of war in 1914, the U.S. remained neutral, so the American Embassy – and by extension Morgenthau – additionally represented many of

2380-753: The Ottoman Interior Minister Talaat Pasha , stating: "Our people will never forget these massacres." As the massacres continued unabated, Morgenthau and several other Americans decided to form a public fund-raising committee to assist the Armenians – the Committee on Armenian Atrocities (later renamed the Near East Relief ) – raising over $ 100 million in aid, the equivalent of $ 1 billion today. Through his friendship with Adolph Ochs , publisher of The New York Times , Morgenthau also ensured that

2450-579: The Pan Am Building to the Equitable Tower and the firm became a primary dealer in U.S. government securities. Moseley went out of business, leaving WS&Co. and H&Q as co-owners of LEWCO. Fred Klingenstein left WS&Co. to form Klingenstein Fields & Co., an investment management firm. In 1989, WS&Co. sold minority interests to three institutions: Mitsubishi Trust and Banking Corp., Bank of Boston , and Massachusetts Mutual Life Insurance Company ;

2520-483: The Ritz Towers and Delmonico's. At this time, Finch left the company, to be replaced by Richard Bernhard. Bernhard, married to Dorothy Lehman, provided close contact with other major investment-banking firms in New York. Maurice divorced his first wife in 1929; he married Ruth White Warfield, whom he divorced in 1935, marrying Cecile Berlage. The couple moved to a penthouse at 33 East 70th Street. In 1930, Walter Laband,

2590-565: The Saint Anne River were ceded by Cecile Wertheim to the Government of Quebec. In 1936, Maurice began his collection of late 19th- and early 20th-century Impressionist paintings and sculpture (after his death, the collection was given to Harvard University and is housed at Harvard's Fogg Museum in Cambridge). Most of his acquisitions were made during World War II. As the 1940s began, Steinbach

2660-556: The U.S. and three in Europe. The name of the firm was changed to Wertheim Schroder in 1986 after Schroder's initial investment, and to Schroder Wertheim in 1994 after Schroder acquired the remaining 50% interest in the firm. In 2000, Schroders sold its global investment-banking operations (including Schroder Wertheim) to Salomon Smith Barney, a subsidiary of Citigroup . Maurice Wertheim was born on February 16, 1886, to Jacob Wertheim and his wife, Hannah A. Morgenthau Wertheim. Jacob Wertheim

2730-563: The U.S. government of the activities of the Ottoman government and asked Washington to intervene. The American government however, not wanting to get dragged into disputes, remained a neutral power in the conflict at the time and voiced little official reaction. Morgenthau held high-level meetings with the leaders of the Ottoman Empire to help alleviate the position of the Armenians, but the Turks waived and ignored his protestations. He famously admonished

2800-635: The U.S.) when it was on the brink of bankruptcy; his daughter Barbara began to write for the magazine. Two years later, he sold the magazine to its editor. The same year, Maurice purchased from the Chubb family (of Chubb Insurance) the lease for private fishing on the entire Saint Anne River on the Gaspé Peninsula in Quebec. On the river, he built a lodge at the Serenity Pool. In 1969, all leases for private fishing on

2870-475: The age of 57. He had become involved in politics through his wife, Mildred , who remained active after his death and became a close friend of the Eisenhowers. President Eisenhower painted a portrait of her, and her 90th birthday party in 1988 was attended by Richard Nixon (who played "Happy Birthday" on the piano for her) and Henry Kissinger. In 1953, Alan Cohn joined the company. The following year, 120 Broadway

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2940-486: The benefit of its own partners and a small number of investment-advisory clients) from its formation until the deaths of Wertheim and one of his senior partners (Edwin Hilson) in 1950 and 1952 respectively. After 1950, control of the firm passed to co-founder Joseph Klingenstein. He was a brilliant investor in stocks, and under his leadership the firm created one of the first professional research departments on Wall Street . In

3010-425: The best tradition of merchant banking, it has a long history of buying into private companies, then taking them public. It was one of the first firms to have a research department (in the 1920s), but often prides itself on its anachronistic ways: as late as 1971, the firm's external research reports were mailed out on onion-skin paper with a gold staple in the corner. Founder Maurice Wertheim (1886–1950) started out in

3080-694: The blood of nearly a million human beings." He published his conversations with Ottoman leaders and his account of the Armenian genocide in Ambassador Morgenthau's Story , which appeared in the end of 1918. In June 1917 Felix Frankfurter accompanied Morgenthau, as a representative of the War Department, on a secret mission to persuade the Ottoman Empire to abandon the Central Powers in the war effort. The mission had as its stated purpose to "ameliorate

3150-407: The case of Stradivari and Guarneri ‘del Gesù’ , one example from each significant period of their production. In 1967 an illustrated catalogue titled: R. Wurlitzer: The Henry Hottinger Collection was published following the collection's sale to Rembert Wurlitzer Co , one of the most well established string instrument dealerships of the time. 30 violins in all were subsequently dispersed across

3220-468: The cigar business, became an investment banker in 1915 and launched his own firm twelve years later. He was also publisher of The Nation , a noted art collector, a fisherman (he gave the government 1,800 acres in Suffolk County as a wildlife refuge) and tournament chess player; his daughter is historian Barbara W. Tuchman ( The Guns of August , A Distant Mirror ). Maurice Wertheim ceased to be active in

3290-577: The company from Bacon Whipple; he had excellent contacts in the industry as president of the Investment Bankers Association of America (forerunner of the Securities Industry Association ) in 1958–1959. The company was active in trading telephone bonds in joint accounts with Goldman Sachs and others; most of the real-estate holdings were liquidated. John Hilson (son of Eddie) joined the company. In 1952, Eddie Hilson died at

3360-449: The condition of the Jewish communities in Palestine". In 1918 Morgenthau gave public speeches in the United States warning that the Greeks and Assyrians were being subjected to the "same methods" of deportation and "wholesale massacre" as the Armenians, and that two million Armenians, Greeks, and Assyrians had already perished. Following the war, there was much interest and preparation within

3430-659: The excess-profits tax during the war years. In 1941, Maurice was named president of the American Jewish Committee ; the following year, he moved to Washington DC as a member of the War Production Board . In 1946, Maurice led the American chess team as its non-playing captain against the Soviet team in Moscow, in a match played over the radio. Laband retired, making a personal gift of one week's salary to every employee of

3500-678: The famed asset management firm Pan Holding), Wertheim also formed a strategic joint-venture called "Wertheim Philippe International". A September 1985 article by Dan Rottenberg in Town & Country magazine, entitled "The Explosive New World of Wall Street" (in a section sub-headed "Merchant Bankers" that also provides profiles of Allen & Company , Brown Brothers Harriman & Co. , Dillon, Read & Co. , and Lazard Freres & Co.), describes Wertheim & Co. as follows: Founded 1927. An old-fashioned, one-office family firm known for making big profits by quietly investing its own partners' money. In

3570-468: The firm after about ten years and the controlling interest passed to co-founder Joseph Klingenstein, a renowned stock picker and philanthropist. He was active in Mount Sinai Hospital, which he visited every morning before work, even on Saturdays. His son Frederick Klingenstein, a Harvard Business School graduate, heads the company today. (Fred's brother John, formerly a civil engineer, is also with

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3640-495: The firm. Bob Bach joined the firm, after graduating from Princeton and serving in the U.S. Navy. The following year, Maurice donated 1,800 acres (7.3 km ) in Suffolk County to the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service as a wildlife refuge (the Wertheim National Wildlife Refuge ). He and his wife Cecile had previously managed the area as a private waterfowl conservation and hunting reserve. In 1948, Maurice published

3710-452: The firm.) Robert Shapiro, hired by Fred Klingenstein from Lehman Brothers to run the firm, is chairman of the board of the Securities Industry Association this year. The firm is growing more entrepreneurial and less cautious lately. In 1986, Schroders , plc (a British merchant bank) purchased a 50% interest in W&Co.; the firm's name changed to Wertheim Schroder & Co. (WS&Co.). Two years later, WS&Co. moved its offices from

3780-433: The inventive use of shared open space, and it explored a breaking of the mold and formulaic approach for suburban development, up to that time. Morgenthau's career enabled him to contribute handsomely to President Woodrow Wilson 's election campaign in 1912. He had first met Wilson in 1911 at a dinner celebrating the fourth anniversary of the founding of the Free Synagogue society and the two "seem to have bonded", marking

3850-465: The market for which was severely depressed because of the Depression. Control of these properties was obtained by buying defaulted mortgage bonds selling for a fraction of their face value. Among the firm's many investments were: 120 Broadway ( Equitable Building ); One Fifth Avenue ; the Madison Hotel; Hampshire House; Brooklyn Towers; The Warwick; Saranac Inn ; Hotel Nacional de Cuba ; Blackstone Hotel in Chicago; Beverly Hills Hotel in Los Angeles;

3920-532: The massacres continued to receive prominent coverage. The New York Times published 145 articles in 1915 alone. Exasperated with his relationship with the Ottoman government, he resigned from the ambassadorship in 1916. Looking back on that decision in his memoir Ambassador Morgenthau's Story , he wrote he had come to see the Ottoman Empire as "a place of horror. I had reached the end of my resources. I found intolerable my further daily association with men, however gracious and accommodating…who were still reeking with

3990-558: The mid-1950s, the firm became more active in underwriting, and subsequently attained major-bracket status in both equity and debt securities. Although its size and visibility did not keep pace with those of fellow major-bracket firms such as Goldman Sachs , Morgan Stanley and Lehman Brothers , the firm expanded significantly in the early 1970s. Under the leadership of Klingenstein's son Fred, Wertheim & Co. expanded its services (research, sales, and trading) to institutional investors and increased its asset management business. As of 1970,

4060-501: The point at which the interest of American Jews in the welfare of the Jews of Palestine is focused, and it is almost indispensable that I have a Jew in that post". Though no Zionist himself, Morgenthau cared "fervidly" about the plight of his co-religionists. He initially rejected the position, but following a trip to Europe, and with the encouragement of his pro-Zionist friend Rabbi Stephen Wise , he reconsidered his decision and accepted Wilson's offer. Appointed as U.S. Ambassador to

4130-437: The recently constructed 1 Chase Manhattan Plaza and opened a Paris office in 1964. As an historical footnote, in 1965, the DJIA approached 1000 with a high for the year of 969; it would not cross that threshold until 1972, and would remain around that level until 1983. The 1967 acquisition of Martin E. Segal Co. added to growth in investment-management operations, and in 1969, W&Co. successfully defended its client, Armour, from

4200-402: The world. "...... One of the great violin collectors of all time." - Cozio.com Wertheim %26 Co. Wertheim & Co. was an investment firm founded in 1927 by Maurice Wertheim and Joseph Klingenstein , who met when they worked together at Hallgarten & Company . The firm engaged primarily in the merchant-banking business; it invested (in companies and real estate primarily for

4270-486: Was Sidney Weinberg , who became head of Goldman Sachs . Steinbach was a product of Andover and Yale; Jones was Hilson's assistant. During that year the Dow Jones Industrial Average (DJIA) bottomed at 41, down 89% from the 1929 high of 381. NYSE volume declined to 425 million shares, from 1.1 billion in 1929 and 810 million in 1930. The value of a seat on the NYSE fell to $ 68,000, from $ 550,000 in 1929. The U.S. unemployment rate in 1933 reached 25%. In 1933, Roosevelt proclaimed

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4340-421: Was a founder of Wertheim & Schiffer (later Kerbs, Wertheim & Schiffer), one of several domestic cigar-manufacturing companies which were combined in 1902 to form the United Cigar Manufacturers Company, of which he became president. Jacob was also at one time director of the General Motors Corporation , a director of the Underwood Typewriter Company , and a director of several large real-estate concerns. He

4410-402: Was also a civic leader supporting the arts and music. Ruth founded Fountain House, a home in NYC to assist those with schizophrenia and men leaving jail. It was a residence that pioneered providing psychological counseling to people, and developed the novel concept of looking after the community's mental health. She was also a board member of the Manhattan School of Music, and there she established

4480-472: Was also a founder of the Federation for the Support of Jewish Philanthropic Societies. In 1891, Joseph Klingenstein was born into an immigrant family who operated a dry-goods store on the Lower East Side of Manhattan. In 1908, Maurice went to work for his father's company (United Cigar Manufacturers Company) after graduating from Harvard with a B.A. degree in 1906 and an M.A. degree in 1907. In 1909, he married Alma Morgenthau —daughter of Henry Morgenthau Sr. ,

4550-419: Was expelled from Exeter at age 16 for adolescent high jinks. He sold cigars to western Pennsylvania coal miners (like Maurice, Hilson's father was in the cigar-manufacturing business), was drafted into the army during World War I, and returned to Wall Street. A friend from Exeter introduced him to Harry Neuberger, who put up the money to start Hilson & Neuberger. Another friend of Hilson from P.S. 6 in New York

4620-409: Was one of the most prominent Americans who spoke about the Greek genocide and the Armenian genocide of which he stated, "I am firmly convinced that this is the greatest crime of the ages." Morgenthau was the father of the politician Henry Morgenthau Jr. His grandchildren include Robert M. Morgenthau , District Attorney of Manhattan for 35 years, and Barbara W. Tuchman , a historian who won

4690-451: Was sold to William Zeckendorf . Also in 1954, Fred Klingenstein (Joseph's son) joined the company; he eventually led a shift in the firm's emphasis from merchant banking to investment banking, asset management and institutional brokerage. John Klingenstein (Fred's brother) joined W&Co. in 1959, the year Fidel Castro took power in Cuba and confiscated U.S. investments (W&Co.’s investments in Cuba were liquidated long before). During

4760-444: Was the American representative at the Geneva Conference . Morgenthau died in 1946 following a cerebral hemorrhage , in New York City , and was buried in Hawthorne, New York , at the age of 90. His son Henry Morgenthau Jr. was a Secretary of the Treasury from 1934 to July 1945. His daughter, Alma Wertheim, had married banker Maurice Wertheim in 1909 and was the mother of historian Barbara Tuchman . His daughter Ruth Morgenthau

4830-426: Was the firm's investment banker, Klingenstein the stock picker and trader, Hottinger the administrator, Hilson the deal man, Bernhard the contact with other Wall Street firms, and Maurice was increasingly involved in public affairs and personal interests. Banking clients included Continental Baking and Helena Rubenstein; the firm's foreign offices were closed because of World War II. Cuban operations provided shelter from

4900-523: Was then a playground for Americans seeking a break from the constraints of the later Prohibition era . Cuba was also the headquarters of some of the biggest sugar companies in the world. Before long, W&Co. had an interest in a number of sugar growers and refiners; Maurice bought a home in Cuba, and visited there regularly. Through partnerships (first with Arnold Kirkeby , and later with Jesse Sharp and Spencer-Taylor), W&Co. made many investments in real estate - particularly hotels and office buildings,

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