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15-571: The Helsinki astronomical observatory was designed in cooperation by professor Friedrich Wilhelm Argelander and architect Carl Ludvig Engel . The building was finished in 1834. Its instruments and astronomical books had escaped the great fire in Turku and were then transferred to Helsinki . The observatory was among the most modern astronomical observatories of its time, and served as an example for several European observatories that were built afterwards, most notably Pulkovo Observatory . A separate tower

30-588: A 60-centimeter telescope was built in Metsähovi, Kirkkonummi in the 1970s. The Metsähovi Radio Observatory was built around the same time and is the centre for the radio astronomical research of Aalto University . The Department of Astronomy was merged into the Department of Physics at the beginning of 2010 and the astronomers moved to the Kumpula campus . The observatory building was thoroughly renovated and re-opened as

45-566: A lifelong study of the orbit of the minor planet Themis , whose perturbations by Jupiter eventually enabled him in 1873 (while at Helsinki Observatory) to determine the mass of the latter planet. He was awarded his doctorate by the University of Bonn in August 1854 for his dissertation titled " De ascensionibus rectis, a Flamsteedio quadrantis muralis ope observatis ". In 1858 a heliometer previously used by Friedrich Winnecke came into his hands, and

60-579: A museum and visitor centre in 2012. The building also now houses the amateur astronomy association Ursa . Friedrich Wilhelm Argelander Friedrich Wilhelm August Argelander (22 March 1799 – 17 February 1875) was a German astronomer . He is known for his determinations of stellar brightnesses, positions, and distances. Argelander was born in Memel in the Kingdom of Prussia (now Klaipėda in Lithuania ),

75-783: A new observatory at the University of Bonn with funding approved directly by King Frederick William IV whom Argelander had become friends with in his childhood. This lifelong friendship had started when the then crown prince temporarily lived in Argelander's parents house after the Prussian royal family fled to Memel after the Battle of Jena–Auerstedt during the Napoleonic Wars . Argelander excelled in developing effective, simple and fast methods for measuring star positions and magnitudes, thereby making

90-400: A pioneering work for modern astronomy. He also measured star distances with heliometers . His, and his collaborators', great practical works of star cataloging and variable star research were made possible by the systematic usage of then newly developed techniques. Argelander was the first astronomer to begin a careful study of variable stars . Only a handful were known when he began, and he

105-575: A special preference for astronomical studies, Krueger moved to the University of Bonn and became an assistant to the astronomer Friedrich Wilhelm Argelander at the Bonn Observatory. Under Argelander's supervision he produced data for the comprehensive astrometric star catalogue known as the Bonner Durchmusterung , together with fellow student Eduard Schönfeld . Starting in Bonn, he undertook

120-633: The Astronomische Gesellschaft . Adalbert Kr%C3%BCger Karl Nikolaus Adalbert Krueger (9 December 1832 – 21 April 1896) was a German astronomer . Born in Marienburg , Prussia (now Malbork, Poland ), he was editor of Astronomische Nachrichten from 1881 until his death. Krueger died of a heart condition in Kiel at the age of 63. In 1851, Krueger entered the University of Berlin where he studied mathematics and science. In 1853, showing

135-676: The Astronomische Gesellschaft Katalog , an astrometric star catalogue. Krueger was appointed as Director of the Royal Prussian Observatory in Kiel in 1880. In 1881, with the approval of the Astronomical Society ( Astronomische Gesellschaft ), Krueger became the editor of one of the foremost astronomical journals of the day, Astronomische Nachrichten ; following the death of the former editor Christian Peters

150-612: The position of the stars of the Double Cluster in Perseus . The large proper motion of the star Groombridge 34 was first detected by him. He also performed observations of variable stars , several comets and minor planets, in addition to his theoretical work. After leaving Helsinki, Krueger directed the Gotha Observatory (1876-1880), succeeding the recently deceased Peter Andreas Hansen . In Gotha he continued to record data for

165-552: The son of a father of Finnish descent, Johann Gottlieb Argelander, and German ( Prussian ) mother, Dorothea Wilhelmina Grünhagen. He studied with Friedrich Bessel , whose assistant he became in 1820, and obtained his Ph.D. in 1822 at University of Königsberg . From 1823 until 1837, Argelander was the head of the Finnish observatory , first in Turku and then in Helsinki . He then moved to Bonn , Germany . There he designed and built

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180-438: Was built in the observatory garden for a telescope designed for astrophotography. This building was finished in 1890. It houses the double refractor: two 0.33 meter refractor telescopes mounted together. One of the telescopes is built to be fitted with an eyepiece and the other with a photographic plate. The observatory is located in the city centre and has not been in active use since the mid-20th century. Another observatory with

195-494: Was responsible for introducing the modern system of identifying them. He also made a rough determination of the direction in which the Sun was moving. In 1842, he discovered that Groombridge 1830 had a very high proper motion . For many decades its proper motion was the highest known; today it still occupies third place. For a time, it was known as Argelander's Star . Together with Adalbert Krüger and Eduard Schönfeld , Argelander

210-487: Was responsible for the star catalogue known as the Bonner Durchmusterung , published between 1859 and 1862, which gave the positions and brightness of more than 324,000 stars, although it did not cover much of the southern half of the sky. This was the last star map to be published without the use of photography. In 1863, Argelander helped lead in the founding of an international organization of astronomers named

225-527: Was successfully employed in a series of parallax determinations. Krueger was made Privatdozent in the University in 1860. In 1862 Krueger was appointed Professor of Astronomy and Director of the Helsinki Observatory, working there for 14 years. At the time of his appointment he married Maria Wilhelmina Amalia, the eldest daughter of Friedrich Argelander. While in Helsinki, Krueger carefully determined

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