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23-516: It was founded in 1132–33 by Saint Otto of Bamberg and was settled by monks from Ebrach Abbey , under the first abbot Rapotho. It was one of the wealthiest monasteries of Germany, with possessions around Franconia as far as Regensburg and in Württemberg . These rich endowments were mostly made by the dukes of Abenberg and their heirs, the Hohenzollern Burgraves of Nuremberg . It was

46-466: A large number of Pomeranians, notably in the towns of Pyritz , Cammin , Stettin , and Jomsborg , and became known as the "Apostle of Pomerania." The Bamberg bishop is said to have baptized over 22,000 people in Pomerania and founded eleven churches. After he returned to Bamberg in 1125, some pagan customs began to reassert themselves, and Otto journeyed once more to Pomerania in 1128. In this he had

69-643: A noble ( edelfrei ) family which held estates in the Swabian Jura . He was related to the Staufers through his mother. A possible descent from the Franconian noble house of Mistelbach has not been conclusively established. As his elder brother inherited their father's property, Otto prepared for an ecclesiastical career and was sent to school, probably in Hirsau Abbey or one of its filial monasteries. When in 1082

92-479: A poor and unknown priest, whereas Otto, a wealthy and famous man, was accompanied by 20 clergy of his own diocese, numerous servants, 60 warriors supplied to him by Boleslaw, and carried with him numerous supplies and gifts. The fact that he was already wealthy assured the Pomeranians that his aim was only to convert them to Christianity, not to become wealthy at their expense. As the official papal legate, he converted

115-526: A simple and frugal life, but did much to improve his ecclesiastical and temporal realms. He restored and completed Bamberg Cathedral after it had been damaged by fire in 1081, improved the cathedral school, established numerous monasteries and built a number of churches throughout his territory. He greatly expanded the town of Bamberg , rebuilding the Monastery of St. Michael, which had been destroyed by an earthquake around 1117. Among his great accomplishments

138-547: A word which also begins appearing in chronicles about that time. The last Carolingian archchancellor in West Francia was Archbishop Adalberon of Reims (969-988), with the accession of Hugh Capet the office was replaced by a Chancelier de France . At the court of Otto I , then King of Germany , the title seems to have been an appanage of the Archbishop of Mainz . After Otto had finally deposed King Berengar II of Italy and

161-610: The Investiture Controversy between the emperor and the papacy . At the Congress of Würzburg in 1121, Otto successfully negotiated the peace treaty, the Concordat of Worms , which was signed in 1122. For his contribution, Otto I received gifts from Emperor Heinrich V for the benefit of the cathedral. In the 1130s, he continued to arbitrate between Emperor Lothair of Supplinburg and the rising Hohenstaufens. As bishop, Otto led

184-667: The Salian princess Judith of Swabia , sister of Emperor Henry IV , married the Piast duke Władysław I Herman , he followed her as a chaplain to the Polish court. In 1091 he entered the service of the Henry IV; he was appointed the emperor's chancellor in 1101 and supervised the construction of Speyer Cathedral . In 1102, the emperor appointed and invested him as Bishop of Bamberg in Franconia (now in

207-530: The pallium from Pope Paschal II . It was Bishop Otto, substituting for the imprisoned archbishop Adalbert of Mainz , who clothed Hildegard of Bingen as a Benedictine nun at Disibodenberg Abbey about 1112. He remained loyal to the Imperial court and, as a consequence, was suspended by a papal party led by Cuno of Praeneste at the Synod of Fritzlar in 1118. He achieved fame as diplomat and politician, notably during

230-409: The doctrines of Luther gradually found favour in the monastery. His successor, Sebastian Wagner, openly supported Protestantism . He married and resigned in 1543. In 1549 Roman Catholicism was restored at Heilsbronn, but only ostensibly, and the abbey seems to have ceased to be a Catholic house in 1555, although it existed for some years longer. The last abbot who made any pretense to Catholic belief

253-511: The hereditary burial-place of the Hohenzollern family and ten burgraves of Nuremberg, five margraves and three electors of Brandenburg , besides many other persons of note, were buried here. Heilsbronn was a flourishing monastery until the time of the Reformation . In 1530 Abbot John Schopper (1529–1540) founded a monastic school here, which later became a Protestant school for princes, and

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276-707: The saint is still celebrated in the Archdiocese of Bamberg on September 30. Otto is the patron saint of the Archdiocese of Bamberg, co-patron of the Archdiocese of Berlin, of the Diocese of Stettin-Kammin, and invoked for help against fever and rabies. [REDACTED]  This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain :  Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). " St. Otto ". Catholic Encyclopedia . New York: Robert Appleton Company. Archchancellor An archchancellor ( Latin : archicancellarius , German : Erzkanzler ) or chief chancellor

299-408: The state of Bavaria ), and Otto became one of the leading princes of medieval Germany. He consolidated his widely scattered territories and during his tenure as bishop, Bamberg rose to great prominence. Otto established more than 30 monasteries and hospitals between Carinthia and Saxony and had castles built. He helped the population out of his own pocket when they were in need. In 1106 Otto received

322-431: The support of Wartislaw I, Duke of Pomerania . He also sent priests from Bamberg to serve in Pomerania. His intent to consecrate a bishop for Pomerania was thwarted by the bishops of Magdeburg and Gniezno who claimed metropolitan rights over Pomerania. Only after his death in 1139 was his former companion, Adalbert of Pomerania , consecrated as Bishop of Wolin , in 1140. The area of western Prussia around Danzig

345-640: The three ecclesiastical Prince-electors of the Empire. Actual governmental functions like calling the Imperial elections , however, were carried out by the Mainz archbishops alone. The office in this form was part of the constitution of the Empire until the German Mediatisation in 1803, when Mainz was secularised. The last elector, Karl Theodor Anton Maria von Dalberg , however, retained the title of archchancellor until

368-597: Was Christianized via Pomerania as well, and the monastery of Oliwa at Danzig was established at that time, while eastern Prussia was Christianized later via Riga by the Teutonic Knights . Otto died on 30 June 1139, and was buried in Michaelsberg Abbey, Bamberg . He was canonised in 1189 by Pope Clement III . Although he died on 30 June, his name is recorded in the Roman martyrology on 2 July. The high festival of

391-436: Was Melchior Wunderer (1562–1578). The five succeeding abbots were Protestants, and in 1631 Heilsbronn ceased to be an abbey. Its valuable library was transferred to Erlangen . The buildings of the monastery have mostly disappeared, with the exception of the fine church, known as Münster Heilsbronn , a Romanesque basilica , restored between 1851 and 1866, and possessing paintings by Albrecht Dürer . The Monk of Heilsbronn

414-423: Was a didactic poet of the 14th century, author of the works Sieben Graden , Tochter Syon and Leben des heiligen Alexius . 49°20′16″N 10°47′31″E  /  49.33778°N 10.79194°E  / 49.33778; 10.79194 Otto of Bamberg Otto of Bamberg (1060 or 1061 – 30 June 1139) was a German missionary and papal legate who converted much of medieval Pomerania to Christianity . He

437-721: Was a title given to the highest dignitary of the Holy Roman Empire , and also used occasionally during the Middle Ages to denote an official who supervised the work of chancellors or notaries. The Carolingian successors of Pepin the Short appointed chancellors over the whole Frankish realm in the ninth century. Hincmar refers to this official as a summus cancellarius in De ordine palatii et regni and an 864 charter of King Lothair I refers to Agilmar, Archbishop of Vienne , as archchancellor,

460-462: Was created about 1042 by Emperor Henry III for the recently acquired Kingdom of Burgundy . He initially bestowed it on Archbishop Hugh I of Besançon . It only appears in the hands of the Archbishop of Trier in the twelfth century as the chancellory of Arles, as Burgundy was then known. By the Golden Bull of 1356 , Emperor Charles IV confirmed the threefold division of the archchancellory among

483-528: Was crowned Holy Roman Emperor in 962, a similar office was created for the Imperial Kingdom of Italy . By the early eleventh century, this office was perennially held by the Archbishop of Cologne . Theoretically, the archbishop of Mainz took care of Imperial affairs for Germany and the Archbishop of Cologne for Italy, though the latter often used deputies, his see being outside of his kingdom. A third office

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506-503: Was his peaceful and successful missionary work among the Pomeranians , after several previous forcible attempts by the Polish rulers and the Spanish bishop Bernard to convert Pomerania to Christianity had failed. Otto was sent on his first mission by the Polish duke Bolesław III Wrymouth in 1124. Otto's approach was decidedly different from the one Bernard's. Bernard traveled alone and as

529-405: Was the bishop of Bamberg from 1102 until his death. He was canonized in 1189. Three biographies of Otto were written in the decades after his death. Wolfger of Prüfening wrote his between 1140 and 1146 at Prüfening Abbey ; Ebo of Michelsberg  [ de ] wrote between 1151 and 1159); and Herbord of Michelsberg wrote in 1159. According to contemporary sources, Otto was born into

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