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55-415: The oldest and one of the most important buildings in the town is the local church ( Hedensted Kirke ), built around 1175. It is especially noted for its early murals showing Christ, St. Peter, and St. Paul. Hedensted had the benefits of a railway station from 1868 until it was closed down in 1974. However, in 2006 the station was reopened on roughly the same spot. Like many other Danish towns, Hedensted

110-638: A dialogue and hence solving the cleavage in the long run. The Indian state Kerala has exclusive murals . These Kerala mural painting are on walls of Hindu temples . They can be dated from 9th century AD. The San Bartolo murals of the Maya civilization in Guatemala , are the oldest example of this art in Mesoamerica and are dated at 300 BC. Many rural towns have begun using murals to create tourist attractions in order to boost economic income. Colquitt, Georgia

165-634: A famous series of twenty-seven fresco panels entitled Detroit Industry on the walls of an inner court at the Detroit Institute of Arts . During the McCarthyism of the 1950s, a large sign was placed in the courtyard defending the artistic merit of the murals while attacking his politics as "detestable". In 1948, the Colombian government hosted the IX Pan-American Conference to establish

220-657: A few hours to design on the computer, and are produced and delivered within a short period of time (2– 4 weeks). Retailers advertise that the product is as close as possible to a perfect mural. It is currently being sold by over 300 franchisees in Europe. Frescographies can be seen in public buildings such as the Vienna Rathaus (Vienna Town Hall) or the world's largest sailboat, the Royal Clipper . There are currently around 300 dealers in Europe distributing Latzke's Frescographies under

275-702: A key role in contemporary wall painting. Such graffiti/street artists as Keith Haring , Shepard Fairey , Above , Mint&Serf, Futura 2000 , Os Gemeos , and Faile among others have successfully transcended their street art aesthetic beyond the walls of urban landscape and onto walls of private and corporate clients. As graffiti/street art became more mainstream in the late 1990s, youth-oriented brands such as Nike and Red Bull, with Wieden Kennedy, have turned to graffiti/street artists to decorate walls of their respective offices. This trend continued through 2000's with graffiti/street art gaining more recognition from art institutions worldwide. Many homeowners choose to display

330-596: A manifesto calling for the development of a monumental public art movement in Mexico; he named it in Spanish pintura mural (English: wall painting ). In ancient Roman times, a mural crown was given to the fighter who was first to scale the wall of a besieged town. "Mural" comes from the Latin muralis , meaning "wall painting". This word is related to murus , meaning "wall". Murals of sorts date to Upper Paleolithic times such as

385-416: A mural in their home. This is not an activity exclusively for owners of large houses. A mural artist is only limited by the fee and therefore the time spent on the painting; dictating the level of detail; a simple mural can be added to the smallest of walls. Private commissions can be for dining rooms, bathrooms, living rooms or, as is often the case- children's bedrooms. A child's room can be transformed into

440-410: A particular style and the artist may adjust to the appropriate technique. A consultation usually leads to detailed design and layout of the proposed mural with a price quote that the client approves before the muralist starts on the work. The area to be painted can be gridded to match the design allowing the image to be scaled accurately step by step. In some cases, the design is projected straight onto

495-426: A relatively effective tool of social emancipation or achieving a political goal. Murals have sometimes been created against the law, or have been commissioned by local bars and coffee shops. Often, the visual effects are an enticement to attract public attention to social issues. State-sponsored public art expressions, particularly murals, are often used by totalitarian regimes as a tool of propaganda. However, despite

550-545: A series of communities, mainly located in New York, that have walls dedicated to the people who died. These memorials, both written word and mural style, provide the deceased to be present in the communities in which they lived. Bragg states that the "murals have woven themselves in the fabric of the neighborhoods, and the city". These memorials remind people of the deaths caused by inner city violence. Many people like to express their individuality by commissioning an artist to paint

605-452: A technique whereby a painting or photographic image is transferred to poster paper or canvas which is then pasted to a wall surface (see wallpaper , Frescography ) to give the effect of either a hand-painted mural or realistic scene. A special type of mural painting is Lüftlmalerei , still practised today in the villages of the Alpine valleys. Well-known examples of such façade designs from

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660-404: A thin layer of wet, fresh, lime mortar or plaster . The pigment is then absorbed by the wet plaster; after a number of hours, the plaster dries and reacts with the air: it is this chemical reaction which fixes the pigment particles in the plaster. After this, the painting stays for a long time up to centuries in fresh and brilliant colors. Fresco-secco painting is done on dry plaster ( secco

715-443: A typical form of Portuguese or Spanish painted, tin-glazed , ceramic tilework . They have become a typical aspect of Portuguese culture , manifesting without interruption during five centuries, the consecutive trends in art. Azulejos can be found inside and outside churches , palaces , ordinary houses and even railway stations or subway stations . Rainer Maria Latzke Rainer Maria Latzke (born 28 December 1950)

770-423: A variety of ways, using oil or water-based media. The styles can vary from abstract to trompe-l'œil (a French term for "fool" or "trick the eye"). Initiated by the works of mural artists like Graham Rust or Rainer Maria Latzke in the 1980s, trompe-l'œil painting has experienced a renaissance in private and public buildings in Europe. Today, the beauty of a wall mural has become much more widely available with

825-673: A wall in an old building, once a prison, at the top of a cliff in Bardiyah, in Libya. It was painted and signed by the artist in April 1942, weeks before his death on the first day of the First Battle of El Alamein . Known as the Bardia Mural , it was created by English artist, private John Frederick Brill . In 1961 East Germany began to erect a wall between East and West Berlin , which became famous as

880-475: Is "dry" in Italian). The pigments thus require a binding medium, such as egg ( tempera ), glue or oil to attach the pigment to the wall. Mezzo-fresco is painted on nearly-dry plaster, and was defined by the sixteenth-century author Ignazio Pozzo as "firm enough not to take a thumb-print" so that the pigment only penetrates slightly into the plaster. By the end of the sixteenth century, this had largely displaced

935-657: Is a German artist working in the field of trompe-l'œil and mural painting. He taught at the Utah State University and is founder of the Institute of Frescography . Latzke is Honorary Professor of the Fudan University , Shanghai and Guest Professor of the Shanghai Institute of Visual Art . Latzke was ranked one of the 12 cultural trendsetters of the 1990s by Forbes and one of the world's best artists of

990-494: Is a large advertisement on or attached to the outside wall of a building. Wallscapes can be painted directly on the wall as a mural, or printed on vinyl and securely attached to the wall in the manner of a billboard . Although not strictly classed as murals, large scale printed media are often referred to as such. Advertising murals were traditionally painted onto buildings and shops by sign-writers, later as large scale poster billboards . Murals are important as they bring art into

1045-434: Is any piece of graphic artwork that is painted or applied directly to a wall, ceiling or other permanent substrate. Mural techniques include fresco , mosaic , graffiti and marouflage . The word mural is a Spanish adjective that is used to refer to what is attached to a wall. The term mural later became a noun. In art, the word mural began to be used at the beginning of the 20th century. In 1906, Dr. Atl issued

1100-466: Is later set aside to let the clay dry. Once dried, the canvas and the shape can be painted with your choice of colors and later coated with varnish. As an alternative to a hand-painted or airbrushed mural, digitally printed murals can also be applied to surfaces. Already existing murals can be photographed and then be reproduced in near-to-original quality. The disadvantages of pre-fabricated murals and decals are that they are often mass-produced and lack

1155-543: Is married to English artist Paula Hammond, Katharina Maria (born 1983) and Maurice Amadeus (born 1985). In 2008 his first grandchild, Tristan Francis, was born to Katharina, who is married to US citizen Paul Smith. In 1982 his career as a muralist started to advance: His collaboration with Harrods in London opened doors to prominent clients, like royal families in the Middle East. He worked for Mercedes-Benz , for whom he designed

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1210-405: Is often a unique experience for an individual not usually involved in the arts. In the 1980s, illusionary wall painting experienced a renaissance in private homes. The reason for this revival in interior design could, in some cases be attributed to the reduction in living space for the individual. Faux architectural features, as well as natural scenery and views, can have the effect of 'opening out'

1265-609: The Berlin Wall . While on the East Berlin side painting was not allowed, artists painted on the Western side of the Wall from the 80s until the fall of the Wall in 1989. Many unknown and known artists such as Thierry Noir and Keith Haring painted on the Wall, the "World's longest canvas ". The sometimes detailed artwork were often painted over within hours or days. On the Western side the Wall

1320-456: The Cinemascope technique, in 1998. The villa, built by French architect Charles Garnier was due to after being abandoned for a longer time in very poor condition. Latzke refurbished the estate consisting of two buildings situated in an overgrown park and restored the existing wall paintings. In 1998 he published the book "Traumwelten – Die Kunst der Dritten Dimension" and in 1990 "Dreamworlds,

1375-653: The Dire Straits . In 2009 Latzke founded the Institute of Frescography , a research and educational nonprofit organization for mural art. In the late 1980s Rainer Maria Latzke began to develop new techniques for the production of murals, which led to the invention of the Frescography and the CAM Software. This patented technique consists of a computer programme, the Dreamworlds Design Studio, which allows

1430-611: The Düsseldorf Academy of Fine Arts under the supervision of Joseph Beuys and Gerhard Richter from 1972 to 1976. In 1974 he earned a master's degree in pedagogy and philosophy and in 1976 he earned a master's degree in art. After teaching art for two years, he quit and traveled to Italy in 1980 where he studied Renaissance painting techniques and fresco painting in Florence and Rome. In 1981 he married Doris Boecke, with whom he had three children, Rene Marcus (born 1981), who

1485-634: The Marshall plan for the Americas. The director of the OEA and the Colombian government commissioned master Santiago Martinez Delgado , to paint a mural in the Colombian congress building to commemorate the event. Martinez decided to make it about the Cúcuta Congress , and painted Bolívar in front of Santander , making liberals upset; so, due to the murder of Jorge Elieser Gaitan the mobs of el bogotazo tried to burn

1540-558: The buon fresco method, and was used by painters such as Gianbattista Tiepolo or Michelangelo . This technique had, in reduced form, the advantages of a secco work. In Greco-Roman times, mostly encaustic colors applied in a cold state were used. Tempera painting is one of the oldest known methods in mural painting. In tempera, the pigments are bound in an albuminous medium such as egg yolk or egg white diluted in water. In 16th-century Europe, oil painting on canvas arose as an easier method for mural painting. The advantage

1595-823: The cave paintings in the Lubang Jeriji Saléh cave in Borneo (40,000–52,000 BP), Chauvet Cave in Ardèche department of southern France (around 32,000 BP). Many ancient murals have been found within ancient Egyptian tombs (around 3150 BC), the Minoan palaces (Middle period III of the Neopalatial period, 1700–1600 BC), the Oxtotitlán cave and Juxtlahuaca in Mexico (around 1200–900 BC) and in Pompeii (around 100 BC – AD 79). During

1650-451: The 'fantasy world' of a forest or racing track , encouraging imaginative play and an awareness of art. The current trend for feature walls has increased commissions for muralists in the UK. A large hand-painted mural can be designed on a specific theme, incorporate personal images and elements and may be altered during the course of painting it. The personal interaction between client and muralist

1705-545: The 18th and 19th centuries can be found in Mittenwald , Garmisch , Unter- and Oberammergau . In the history of murals, several methods have been used: A fresco painting, from the Italian word affresco which derives from the adjective fresco ("fresh"), describes a method in which the paint is applied on plaster on walls or ceilings. The buon fresco technique consists of painting in pigment mixed with water on

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1760-456: The 20th century, was “El árbol de la vida”, by Roberto Montenegro . There are many different styles and techniques. The best-known is probably fresco , which uses pigments dispersed in water with a damp lime wash , rapid use of the resulting mixture over a large surface, and often in parts (but with a sense of the whole). The colors lighten as they dry. The marouflage method has also been used for millennia. Murals today are painted in

1815-457: The 38-room castle as well decorated it with numerous murals. He taught mural painting to apprentices in the castle's studio, who later opened their own wall painting studios which led to a new Renaissance of wall painting in contemporary Interior Design. After his move to Monte Carlo in 1995, he acquired the "Villa Paradou" the former residence of late Henri Chrétien , the Oscar -winning inventor of

1870-714: The German Zentralinstitut für Kunstgeschichte the IOF houses a 40,000 images archive of European wall and mural paintings. The archive covers the period between the Gothic ages to the end of the 19th century. Another IOF archive, the "World of Ornaments" consists of 5,000 motifs based on the two greatest encyclopedic collections of ornament from the 19th century chromo-lithographic tradition: Auguste Racinet's L"'Ornement polychrome Volumes I and II" from 1875–1888 and "M. Dupont-Auberville's L'Ornement des tissus" from 1877. The IOF also

1925-613: The Middle Ages murals were usually executed on dry plaster (secco). The huge collection of Kerala mural painting dating from the 14th century are examples of fresco secco . In Italy, c.  1300 , the technique of painting of frescos on wet plaster was reintroduced and led to a significant increase in the quality of mural painting. The term mural became better known with the Mexican muralism art movement ( Diego Rivera , David Siqueiros and José Orozco ). The first mural painted in

1980-434: The allure and exclusivity of original artwork. They are often not fitted to the individual wall sizes of the client and their personal ideas or wishes cannot be added to the mural as it progresses. The Frescography technique, a digital manufacturing method ( CAM ) invented by Rainer Maria Latzke addresses some of the personalisation and size restrictions. Digital techniques are commonly used in advertisements. A "wallscape"

2035-541: The artwork for their 100-year celebration exhibition "Welt Mobil", and prominent rock bands like The Scorpions , for whom he created the computer-controlled electronic mural "Night over Manhattan". In 1992 he was featured by the European issue of Forbes magazine in the article "Stars of tomorrow – cultural trendsetters with major input of the decade". In 1984 Latzke acquired the 1760 built "Chateau Thal" in Belgium and restored

2090-425: The brand name Frescomaster. In 2009 Rainer Maria Latzke founded the Institute of Frescography (IOF). The IOF is an officially recognized (NFP) institution; its mission is the improvement of public knowledge and interest in the art of mural and fresco painting. It also researches on art history, digital reproduction, printing processes and materials, and restoration techniques of mural art. In cooperation with

2145-701: The capitol, but the Colombian Army stopped them. Years later, in the 1980s, with liberals in charge of the Congress, they passed a resolution to turn the whole chamber in the Elliptic Room 90 degrees to put the main mural on the side and commissioned Alejandro Obregon to paint a non-partisan mural in the surrealist style. In Chile, the Romana Parra Brigade painted political murals in support of workers rights and Communism. Northern Ireland contains some of

2200-544: The design or image. Mosaic murals are made by combining small 1/4" to 2" size pieces of colorful stone, ceramic, or glass tiles which are then laid out to create a picture. Modern day technology has allowed commercial mosaic mural makers to use computer programs to separate photographs into colors that are automatically cut and glued onto sheets of mesh creating precise murals fast and in large quantities. The azulejo ( Portuguese pronunciation: [ɐzuˈleʒu] , Spanish pronunciation: [aθuˈlexo] ) refers to

2255-784: The last four centuries by the Artists Trade Union of Russia . He is a cousin of Poland´s wealthiest entrepreneur Jan Kulczyk . Rainer Maria Latzke was born in Germany in 1950. He was raised near Cologne along with his 8 siblings by his father Alfons, an art teacher, and his mother Lisa, who was also an artist. His father´s family comes from Poland, while his mother was a Kohlschütter, a family of famous scientists such as Arnold and Ernst Kohlschütter . Latzke studied art, philosophy, and educational science at Johannes Gutenberg University in Mainz Germany, and then continued his art studies at

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2310-605: The making of a room with illusionary painting". In the Villa Paradou he also continued his work in developing new techniques for the production and reproduction of murals, which he had started in Belgium in 1988 with the "Artscape" technique. In 2000 he was awarded a patent for his invention of the Frescography. He also engaged himself in music, composing songs and lyrics, and worked together with South France studio musicians and Phil Palmer , who also worked with Roger Daltrey , and

2365-485: The most famous political murals in the world. Almost 2,000 murals have been documented in Northern Ireland since the 1970s. In recent times, many murals are non-sectarian, concerning political and social issues such as racism and environmentalism, and many are completely apolitical, depicting children at play and scenes from everyday life. (See Northern Irish murals .) A not political, but social related mural covers

2420-760: The norm for advertisements in cities across America, before the introduction of vinyl and digital posters. It was an expensive form of advertising with strict signage laws but gained attention and improved local aesthetics. Other world-famous murals can be found in Mexico , New York City , Philadelphia , Belfast , Derry , Los Angeles , Nicaragua , Cuba , the Philippines , and in India . They have functioned as an important means of communication for members of socially, ethnically and racially divided communities in times of conflict. They also proved to be an effective tool in establishing

2475-455: The propagandist character of that works, some of them still have an artistic value. Murals can have a dramatic impact whether consciously or subconsciously on the attitudes of passers-by, when they are added to areas where people live and work. It can also be argued that the presence of large, public murals can add aesthetic improvement to the daily lives of residents or that of employees at a corporate venue. Large-format hand-painted murals were

2530-404: The public sphere. Due to the size, cost, and work involved in creating a mural, muralists must often be commissioned by a sponsor. Often it is the local government or a business, but many murals have been paid for with grants of patronage . For artists, their work gets a wide audience who otherwise might not set foot in an art gallery. A city benefits by the beauty of a work of art. Murals can be

2585-431: The surface of an existing wall. They are also inlaid into floors. Mural tiles are painted, glazed, sublimation printed (as described below) or more traditionally cut out of stone, ceramic, mosaic glass(opaque) and stained glass. Some artists use pottery and plates broken into pieces. Unlike the traditional painted murals described above, tile murals are always made by fitting pieces of the selected materials together to create

2640-569: The traditional art and culture of their society or events from their history in their homes. Ethnic murals have become an important form of interior decoration. Warli painting murals are becoming a preferred mode of wall decor in India. Warli painting is an ancient Indian art form in which the tribal people used to depict different phases of their life on the walls of their mud houses. Tile murals are murals made out of stone, ceramic, porcelain, glass and or metal tiles that are installed within, or added onto

2695-409: The user to assemble individual mural designs using a large selection of cut-out images. Prior to starting a design the dimensions of the wall are entered into the software to create a workspace reflecting the project wall. The designs are then transferred in the artist's studio onto a single canvas in wall size and then attached on site using a similar procedure as with wallpaper. Frescographies take only

2750-444: The wall and traced with pencil before painting begins. Some muralists will paint directly without any prior sketching, preferring the spontaneous technique. Once completed the mural can be given coats of varnish or protective acrylic glaze to protect the work from UV rays and surface damage. In modern, quick form of muralling, young enthusiasts also use POP clay mixed with glue or bond to give desired models on canvas board. The canvas

2805-507: The walls. Densely built-up areas of housing may also contribute to people's feelings of being cut off from nature in its free form. A mural commission of this sort may be an attempt by some people to re-establish a balance with nature. Commissions of murals in schools, hospitals, and retirement homes can achieve a pleasing and welcoming atmosphere in these caring institutions. Murals in other public buildings, such as public houses are also common. Recently, graffiti and street art have played

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2860-619: Was chosen to host the 2010 Global Mural Conference. The town had more than twelve murals completed, and hosted the Conference along with Dothan, Alabama , and Blakely, Georgia . The Mexican mural movement in the 1930s brought new prominence to murals as a social and political tool. Diego Rivera , José Orozco and David Siqueiros were the most famous artists of the movement. Between 1932 and 1940, Rivera also painted murals in San Francisco , Detroit , and New York City . In 1933, he completed

2915-443: Was expanded with large residential areas around the original town centre. Later, industrial parks followed south and west of the town. Hedensted is located midway between the larger towns of Horsens and Vejle . East of Hedensted, by the coast, lies the town of Juelsminde which in 2007 became a part of the municipality of Hedensted. [REDACTED] Media related to Hedensted at Wikimedia Commons Mural A mural

2970-556: Was not protected, so everybody could paint on the Wall. After the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989, the Eastern side of the Wall became also a popular "canvas" for many mural and graffiti artists. Orgosolo , in Sardinia , is a most important center of murals politics . It is also common for mural graffiti to be used as a memoir. In the 2001 book Somebody Told Me , Rick Bragg writes about

3025-566: Was that the artwork could be completed in the artist's studio and later transported to its destination and there attached to the wall or ceiling. Oil paint may be a less satisfactory medium for murals because of its lack of brilliance in colour. Also, the pigments are yellowed by the binder or are more easily affected by atmospheric conditions. Different muralists tend to become experts in their preferred medium and application, whether that be oil paints, emulsion or acrylic paints applied by brush, roller or airbrush/aerosols. Clients will often ask for

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