A dead mall , also known as a ghost mall , zombie mall or abandoned mall , is a shopping mall that has low consumer traffic or is deteriorating in some manner.
44-801: Hawthorne Plaza is an abandoned enclosed shopping mall along Hawthorne Boulevard between 120th Street and El Segundo Boulevard in Hawthorne, California . Hawthorne Plaza was part of the Hawthorne Plaza Redevelopment Project, approved in 1969, which called for the redevelopment of a 35-acre (14 ha) plot of land. Ground was broken for the mall in January 1974 and most of the mall's 134 stores opened in February 1977. It included an indoor mall with three anchor stores - Montgomery Ward , The Broadway , and J.C. Penney and freestanding stores at
88-725: A greenfield site . An example of this type of redevelopment is Prestonwood Town Center in Dallas and Voorhees Town Center in Voorhees Township , New Jersey . Also, in Boardman, Ohio , the Southern Park Mall , demolished the former Sears building, to construct DeBartolo Commons. The commons honors late Edward J. DeBartolo Sr. Amazon , FedEx , DHL , UPS and the United States Postal Service have already acquired
132-517: A meteor crash in Arizona , only to discover that it harbors rapidly evolving extraterrestrial life forms . Evolution was released on June 8, 2001, by DreamWorks Pictures in the United States and Columbia Pictures internationally. An animated series, Alienators: Evolution Continues , was later developed and aired shortly after the film’s release. Late one night, a large meteor crashes in
176-414: A napalm strike to destroy the meteor and its surrounding ecosystem. However, Ira realizes that heat accelerates the aliens' evolution, and the napalm strike only causes the alien life forms to fuse into a gigantic amoeba-like creature that begins multiplying rapidly. In a desperate attempt to stop the creature, Ira theorizes that selenium , toxic to nitrogen -based life forms, could kill the aliens. With
220-484: A moderately clever grab bag of high-concept noodling and half-witty badinage before descending into the primordial ooze of explosions and elaborate lower-intestinal gags." Evolution was released on VHS and DVD on December 26, 2001. The film later received a Blu-ray release in the United States on November 23, 2021, by Paramount Home Entertainment . A separate Blu-ray release of the Columbia Pictures version
264-569: A small role, and envisioned him as the lead for Evolution , recognizing his ability to handle comedy. Duchovny discussed a role in Star Wars: Episode III – Revenge of the Sith (2005) with George Lucas, but turned it down in part due to his schedule shooting this movie. He sought to distance himself from his iconic The X-Files character and saw this comedic alien film as an opportunity to transition into different roles. Seann William Scott
308-587: Is finally made a full firefighter, and Ira and Allison begin a romantic relationship, while the town returns to normal. Evolution was based on a story by Don Jakoby. Director Ivan Reitman loved the script but saw potential in transforming it into a successful comedy , describing it as a "modern-day successor to Ghostbusters (1984)." Reitman hired writers David Diamond and David Weissman to rewrite much of Jakoby's script, incorporating elements from another screenplay by Todd Phillips and Scot Armstrong about three friends hunting aliens . Initially, Jakoby
352-571: Is now a major carrier hotel serving southwestern Pennsylvania. Another use for a former mall can be seen in Lexington, Kentucky , where Lexington Mall was partially demolished and converted into a satellite worship center for a local megachurch . Conversion from a shopping mall into an open-air, mixed-use area may entail the demolition of parts of or all of the former shopping mall. An example of this can be seen in Fairfax County, Virginia , where
396-417: The Arizona desert , witnessed by aspiring firefighter Wayne Grey. The next morning, college professors Ira Kane and Harry Block investigate the crash site, discovering that the meteor has landed in a cave and secretes a strange blue liquid. Upon further study, they find that the meteor harbors extraterrestrial microorganisms that evolve rapidly, condensing millions of years of evolution into mere hours. Over
440-474: The Great Recession , specialty stores offered what many shoppers saw as useless luxuries they could no longer afford. In this respect, big box stores and conventional strip malls have a time-saving advantage. The number of dead malls has increased significantly because the economic health of malls across the United States has been in decline, with high vacancy rates in many of these malls. From 2006 to 2010,
484-562: The Greater Los Angeles area, particularly in the Santa Clarita, California region. Scenes set at the fictional Glen Canyon Community College were filmed at California State University, Fullerton . The shopping mall sequences were shot at Hawthorne Plaza in Hawthorne, California . The first scene filmed was the monster attack on two elderly women. Studio filming occurred at Downey Studios and Raleigh Studios . Tippett Studio
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#1733085826999528-515: The Macy's Clearance Center (which replaced The Broadway upon the latter's purchase by Federated Department Stores ) closed in December 1997, plans were announced to put in an AMC Theatre on the site and convert the mall into an open-air shopping center, but the renovations failed to materialize. The mall's final anchor, JCPenney , closed in 1998 and the mall itself closed in 1999. The southern section of
572-415: The "fundamental problem" is a glut of malls in many parts of the country creating a market that is "extremely over-retailed". Cowen Research reported that the number of malls in the U.S. grew more than twice as fast as the population between 1970 and 2015; Cowen also reported that shopping center "gross leasable area" in the U.S. is 40 percent more shopping space per capita than Canada and five times more than
616-572: The Hawthorne City Hall commission announced plans to demolish Hawthorne Plaza and build something similar to the Farmers Market in Los Angeles. As of 2021 the future developments have been put on an indefinite hold. On December 15, 2022, mall owner Arman Gabaee was sentenced to four years in prison for bribing a Los Angeles County official in a scheme to sign a lucrative tenancy agreement for
660-483: The U.K. Some malls have maintained profitability, particularly in areas with frequent inclement weather (or otherwise weather undesirable for outdoor activities, such as shopping in an open-air shopping/lifestyle center) or large populations of senior citizens who can partake in mall walking . Combined with lower rents, these factors have led to companies like Simon Malls enjoying high profits and occupancy averages of 92%. Some retailers have also begun to re-evaluate
704-555: The University of Rochester (UR) Health have converted several dying malls into new "health malls" or "mall to medicine". The large spaces allow for the easy conversion of space-intensive activities such as ambulatory surgical centers, while the multiple storefronts facilitate "one stop shopping" for all of health related needs. Roughly half of 100 Oaks Mall in Nashville, TN is now dedicated to Vanderbilt University Medical Center . Following
748-432: The abandoned mall. In October of 2023, Cushman & Wakefield acquired the mall property and placed it for sale for redevelopment opportunities. The initial plan during the acquisition was to turn the mall into residential apartments. The mall building and most of its multistory parking lots are now abandoned except for a police training center that was built in the portion formerly occupied by Montgomery Ward . Most of
792-697: The architecture, layout, decor, or other component of a shopping center to attract more renters and draw more profits. Several dead malls have been significantly renovated into open-air shopping centers. Redevelopment can involve a switch from retail usage to office or educational use for a building, such as is the case with Eastgate Metroplex in Tulsa, Oklahoma , Park Central Mall in Phoenix , Eastmont Town Center in Oakland, California , Windsor Park Mall in San Antonio (now
836-1014: The central entrance were both severely damaged following the fire. The abandoned mall has also been used to film numerous movies, TV shows, and music videos such as Evolution (2001), Minority Report (2002), The Green Hornet (2006), The Fast and the Furious: Tokyo Drift (2006), Teen Wolf (2011), Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. (2013), Beyoncé 's " Superpower " (2013), Gone Girl (2014), Lindsey Sterling 's " Heist " (2014), David Guetta 's " Bang My Head " (2014), Rush Hour (2016), Colony (2016), Westworld (2016), Taylor Swift 's " ...Ready for It? " (2017), Chris Brown 's " Party " (2017), Travis Scott 's Astroworld trailer (2018), Drake 's " Nice For What " (2018), and Tenet (2020). Dead Mall Many malls in North America are considered "dead" when they have no surviving anchor store or successor that could attract people to
880-426: The economic decline of the area after the cutbacks in aerospace jobs, white flight , and to competition from other shopping centers. In 1992, the mall was heavily looted and damaged during the 1992 Los Angeles riots , but sales stayed consistent following the unrest briefly until the end of the decade. The mall's number of occupied stores declined from 130 in the late 1980s to 87 in 1994 and around 70 in 1998. After
924-713: The existing larger-lease-area anchor spaces . A few large national chains have replaced many local and regional chains, and some national chains are defunct. In the US and Canada , newer " big box " chains (also referred to as "category killers") such as Walmart , Target Corporation and Best Buy normally prefer purpose-built free-standing buildings rather than using mall-anchor spaces. 21st-century retailing trends favor open air lifestyle centers ; which resemble elements of power centers , big box stores, and strip malls; and (most disruptively for storefronts) online shopping over indoor malls. The massive change led Newsweek to declare
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#1733085826999968-653: The global headquarters of Rackspace ), Global Mall at the Crossings in Nashville, Tennessee , and the Coral Springs Mall in Florida. Allegheny Center Mall, a retail mall just north of downtown Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania , closed as a retail mall in the early 1990s. The mall was redeveloped into office space with much of the space taken by telecommunications carriers, data center operators, and Internet service providers , and
1012-507: The help of his students, Ira discovers that selenium sulfide , the active ingredient in Head & Shoulders shampoo , could be their solution. Armed with a fire truck filled with shampoo, the team heads to the creature just as it begins to multiply uncontrollably. The team manages to inject the creature with the shampoo, causing it to implode. With the alien threat neutralized, Governor Lewis declares Ira, Harry, Wayne, and Allison as heroes. Wayne
1056-556: The indoor mall format obsolete in 2008. The year 2007 marked the first time since the 1950s that no new malls were built in the United States. Most Canadian malls still remain indoors after renovations due to the harsh winter climate throughout most of the country, however the Don Mills Centre was turned into an open-air shopping plaza. Attitudes about malls have also been changing. With changing priorities, people have less time to spend driving to and strolling through malls and, during
1100-495: The interior was gutted sometime around the mid 2000s. On the northern side is an annex administrative office for the Hawthorne School District . The southern parking structure and adjacent parking lot connected to the mall are being used to store Tesla vehicles. On January 26, 2022, the mall was heavily damaged by arson in connection to a makeshift homeless encampment. The entrance to the former Broadway building and
1144-476: The mall across from the parking structure was demolished in 1998 and rebuilt as a strip mall. It currently includes a supermarket, a pharmacy, and some small restaurants. Numerous redevelopment plans for the abandoned mall have been proposed, plans to redevelop the mall started since 1998, however, none of the proposals have come to fruition. On November 21, 2014, ABC News announced that Hawthorne Plaza would be revitalized as an outlet mall. In February 2016, it
1188-485: The mall environment, a positive sign for the industry. A retail apocalypse that started in the 2010s made the dead mall situation even more noticeable, due to the complete closing of several retailers, as well as anchor tenants Macy's and JCPenney closing many locations and the sharp decline in Sears Holdings . The trend was particularly noticeable when Pittsburgh Mills , a mall once worth as much as $ 190 million,
1232-450: The mall. Without the pedestrian traffic that department stores previously generated, sales volumes decline for almost all stores and rental revenues from those stores can no longer sustain the costly maintenance of the malls. Structural changes in the department-store industry have also made survival of these malls difficult. These changes have contributed to some areas or suburbs having insufficient traditional department stores to fill all
1276-701: The model, it is expanding to other dead or dying malls throughout its region, while University of Rochester Medical Center is converting roughly one-third of The Marketplace Mall in Henrietta, NY. Evolution (2001 film) Evolution is a 2001 American science fiction comedy film directed by Ivan Reitman and written by David Diamond and David Weissman , based on a story by Don Jakoby. The film stars David Duchovny , Orlando Jones , Seann William Scott , Julianne Moore , and Ted Levine in lead roles. The plot follows college professor Ira Kane (Duchovny) and geologist Harry Block (Jones) as they investigate
1320-699: The movie has too many comedic misfires." On Metacritic , the film has a score of 40 based on 32 reviews, indicating "mixed or average reviews." Audiences surveyed by CinemaScore gave the film a grade of B+ on an A to F scale. Todd McCarthy of Variety called the film "a consistently amusing action romp." Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun-Times gave it 2.5 out of 4 stars, stating, "It's not good, but it's nowhere near as bad as most recent comedies; it has real laughs, but it misses just as many real opportunities." A. O. Scott of The New York Times wrote, "The movie itself evolves in reverse, starting life as
1364-459: The next few days, the organisms evolve into fungi , flatworms , and aquatic creatures, despite being unable to breathe oxygen . As the U.S. Army takes control of the site, Ira and Harry attempt to continue their research with the help of Brigadier General Russell Woodman and epidemiologist Dr. Allison Reed. However, the Army soon shuts them out, prompting Ira to go to court, where he reveals that he
Hawthorne Plaza - Misplaced Pages Continue
1408-473: The old Springfield Mall was converted into Springfield Town Center , a mixed-use development that includes a 12-screen movie theatre, shops, and restaurants with outdoor seating and entrances. When the structures are demolished completely, it is known as a greyfield site . In jurisdictions such as Vermont (with a strict permitting process) or in major urban areas (where open fields are long gone), this greyfielding can be much easier and cheaper than building on
1452-472: The owner of a local country club , and other alien creatures begin attacking residents of nearby areas. The creatures, though unable to survive in Earth’s oxygen-rich environment, are rapidly evolving to adapt. As the alien attacks become public, Governor Lewis demands answers, and Dr. Reed calculates that the alien organisms could overrun the U.S. within two months. Despite opposition, General Woodman authorizes
1496-651: The pandemic including Ascena Retail Group , Brooks Brothers , GNC , JCPenney , Lord & Taylor , and Neiman Marcus . North American malls that have permanently closed citing the pandemic as a precipitating factor include Northgate Mall in Durham, North Carolina, Cascade Mall in Burlington, Washington, and the Metrocenter in Phoenix, Arizona. Dead malls are occasionally redeveloped. Leasing or management companies may change
1540-496: The percentage of malls that are considered to be "dying" by real estate experts (have a vacancy rate of at least 40%), unhealthy (20–40%), or in trouble (10-20%) all increased greatly, and these high vacancy rates only partially decreased from 2010 to 2014. In 2014, nearly 3% of all malls in the United States were considered to be "dying" (40% or higher vacancy rates) and nearly one-fifth of all malls had vacancy rates considered "troubling" (10% or higher). Some real estate experts say
1584-477: The property's south end. The mall largely catered to the middle-class residents living in and around Hawthorne, and featured cheaper stores than other nearby malls such as South Bay Galleria , Manhattan Village and the Del Amo Fashion Center . Despite initial popularity, the mall's early years were marred by two shootings in 1979. The mall went further into decline in the 1980s and 1990s, due in part to
1628-552: The sites of some failed malls and converted them to fulfillment centers. A proposal called "Re-Habit" uses portions of struggling malls, particularly vacated big box space, for homeless housing. As an example of this concept, the vacant Macy's in the Landmark Mall of Alexandria, Virginia , has been converted into a temporary homeless shelter for the Carpenter's Shelter. Some major healthcare systems such as Vanderbilt Health and
1672-644: Was announced that Hawthorne Plaza would be revitalized as a large "power center", which could include an outdoor mini-mall, an office complex and walkable outdoor retail strips with upper-level homes. A month later, on March 10, 2016, the Hawthorne Specific Plan, which included the revitalization of the ailing mall, was approved by the city council. The plan also called for 500 high-end housing units, innovative office units, commercial outlets open to Hawthorne Blvd, and outdoor dining sites. Property owner Charles Co. never began construction. On November 29, 2016,
1716-496: Was cast after impressing Reitman with his performance in Road Trip (2000), another film Reitman produced. Scott beat out Jerry Trainor , who was given a smaller role. Michael J. Fox was also offered a lead role but declined due to his ongoing battle with Parkinson's disease . Shooting for Evolution took place from October 19, 2000, to February 7, 2001, in Page, Arizona , and around
1760-452: Was discharged from the Army after an anthrax vaccine experiment went wrong, causing severe side effects in 140,000 soldiers. Frustrated by the Army’s takeover, Ira and Harry infiltrate the base to collect a new sample, only to find that the cave now harbors a full-fledged alien ecosystem , complete with tropical plants and animals. The situation escalates when a large reptilian creature kills
1804-730: Was responsible for designing the primate-like alien creatures featured in the film. The film's music score was composed by John Powell , conducted by Gavin Greenaway , and performed by the Hollywood Symphony Orchestra . A soundtrack album was released on June 12, 2001 and is available on Varèse Sarabande . On the review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes , Evolution holds an approval rating of 44% based on 140 reviews, with an average score of 4.90/10. The website's critical consensus states, "Director Reitman tries to remake Ghostbusters , but his efforts are largely unsuccessful because
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1848-521: Was sold at a foreclosure sale for $ 100, with the mall itself being purchased by lien holder Wells Fargo . It has been suggested that some malls die when the surrounding neighborhoods undergo a demographic change or socio-economic decline . The COVID-19 pandemic exacerbated many issues affecting malls. During the COVID-19 pandemic, many malls closed temporarily due to stay-at-home orders . A number of notable retailers filed for bankruptcy during
1892-502: Was tasked with designing over 18 distinct alien creatures for Evolution , ensuring each had a unique appearance. Sony Pictures Imageworks handled the CGI animation for several key sequences, including the alien flatworm and the leech alien from the pool, which was designed by Peter Konig. They also created the animation for the alien mosquito moving inside Harry's body. Additional visual effects were provided by Pacific Data Images . Studio ADI
1936-418: Was upset by the tonal shift, but Diamond and Weissman worked closely with him to ensure the final product was something he was happy with. The original script ended with a "battle of wits" between humans and an ultra-intelligent alien species, but this was replaced with the more action-packed climax seen in the final film. Reitman had worked with David Duchovny on Beethoven (1992), where David Duchovny had
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