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64-569: The Buntsandstein cliff was first mentioned as Stofenberk ( Staufenberg ) in a 774 deed issued by the Frankish king Charlemagne . Again certified in 854, it was then a possession of the French Basilica of St Denis and the site of a monastery. It is not known when the first castle was built. However, a Burg Staufen (Castrum Estufin) is documented in 1147, when the monks complained to King Louis VII of France about its unlawful construction by

128-698: A monument historique by the French Ministry of Culture . In 2007, ownership was transferred to the Bas-Rhin département . Today, it is one of the most famous tourist attractions in the region. For many years it was considered fashionable in France to sneer at the castle because of its links to the German emperor. Many considered it to be nothing more than a fairy tale castle similar to Neuschwanstein . However, in recent years many historians have established that, although it

192-506: A chronostratigraphic sense, as a subdivision of the Triassic system. Among reasons to abandon this use was the discovery that its base lies actually in the latest Permian. The Buntsandstein was deposited in the Germanic Basin , a large sedimentary basin that was the successor of the smaller Permian Basin and spread across present day Poland , Germany, Denmark , the southern regions of

256-502: A compact oblong area still contained within a wall. The village centre contains the church, town hall and a 19th-century school building. Coal mines are operating in the village. The present Saint-Hippolyte stands on the site of a Neolithic settlement still in use in the Roman period. Under the Carolingians the estate here was known as Andaldovillare or Audaldovillare , derived from

320-569: A crowd of gangsters and adventurers. Commanded by Louis, Dauphin of France (the future Louis XI ), they tried at first to seize the city of Basel , but the Swiss led resistance. Louis signed a peace treaty with them in Ensisheim on October 1444. In September 1444, Armagnacs occupied the villages of Châtenois , La Vancelle and Lièpvre . Twice Armagnacs tried to assault the city, but failed, with one of their leaders, Pochon de Rivière , killed during

384-546: A descendant of the family of the Etichonen who had ruled Alsace from the 7th century, possessed considerable political influence including the support of Bruno, bishop of Toul , the later Pope Leo IX . This helped him to eventual victory in his fight to retain the ducal title given him by Emperor Henry III , against the claims of the deposed duke, Godfrey the Bearded . Against the background of this conflict Gerhard took possession of

448-501: A grievous tendency to press his fellow countrymen in tax , duty , and taille variously. The representatives of the city eventually complained with duke of Lorraine who proceeded to an inquiry on the spot which joined the assertions of the population. He had on top of big difficulties with his neighbour the Lord of Villé. Duke wanted absolutely to have a positive image with the inhabitants of his (its, her) distant Alsatian city of Lorraine. It

512-511: A hardened well army taken by him count of Way and duke of Vaudemont and give up Boorish in Lupstein near Saverne on 16 May 1525. The farmers were equipped simply with forks and with plagues. One counted more than 21 000 deaths. Corpses were thrown in common graves. Believing to have it finished with the Boorish, the duke of Lorraine was warned that farmers join to attack them and to tighten them

576-693: A major rise of the global ( eustatic ) sea level. A tropical sea filled the Germanic Basin then, stopping the deposition of the Buntsandstein and marking the beginning of the deposition of the Muschelkalk. The Buntsandstein belongs to the Changhsingian to Anisian stages , meaning it is between 252 and 246 million years old. In German lithostratigraphy, it is seen as a group, in the Netherlands and North Sea

640-512: A real witch-hunt. Only in Colmar , Turckheim and Sélestat one had sent to the wood-house 42 accused women of witchcraft . They had admitted under tortures the worst misdeeds. The plague touched Bergheim a little later when a gigantic lawsuit appeared 35 women accused of witchcraft native eight of which of Saint-Hippolyte and two of Thannenkirch . One blamed them for having asked in Satan to bring down

704-514: A trap. Indeed, in May 1525 farmers of Ebersmunster , of Châtenois , of Barr , wanted to join those of Ribeauvillé and those of Saint-Hippolyte to enlarge rows. But the army of duke Antoine crushes them in Scherwiller : 5000 farmers leave with it their life. It set fire in Scherwiller whom it blamed for having opened to them doors, rare occupants were mercilessly chased and killed. Excitement gained also

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768-541: A wood-house on 20 June 1525. The inhabitants of Saint-Hippolyte, including the children from seven to twelve years, in sign of punishment, should walk barefoot and head discovered in procession wax candle to the hand, until the sanctuary of Dusenbach . They have to restore all the ornaments removed in church and convent , to fast every Friday and to overturn tithe and the others royalty in him church . They have also to send every year in duke of Lorraine twelve cart-load of good white wine of twenty four measures each. In

832-519: Is a commune in the Haut-Rhin department in Grand Est in north-eastern France . It is often said to be the birthplace of the 8th-century saint and abbot, Fulrad , who built a monastery there. Saint-Hippolyte is situated very close to the highly strategic castle of Haut-Koenigsbourg , and for many centuries the conflict centred on possession of the castle had a great influence, mostly destructive, on

896-580: Is also attributed to him. While in the service of Pope Stephen II Fulrad obtained the Pope's permission to build two monasteries, one in Saint-Hippolyte and the other in Lièpvre , around which the present settlements grew up. Construction began in 760. In 764 Fulrad also obtained from the pope the relics of Saint Hippolytus , a 3rd-century bishop and martyr, to whom the new monastery was dedicated, and from whom

960-565: Is however also considered a St. Denis forgery by many historians, including Richer of Senones , himself a monk of the Vosges. The hold of the Dukes of Lorraine on Saint-Hipployte was still not secure, however, and they were next obliged to defend it against the lord of Ribeaupierre and the Landgrave of Alsace, who also had expansionist aims on the village. The Dukes of Lorraine were victorious. Towards 1115

1024-502: Is not a completely accurate reconstruction, it is at least interesting for what it shows about Wilhelm II's romantic nationalist ideas of the past and the architect's work. Indeed, Bodo Ebhardt restored the castle following a close study of the remaining walls, archives and other fortified castles built at the same period. Parts of the 1937 film La Grande Illusion by Jean Renoir were shot at Haut-Koenigsbourg. Château de l'Oedenbourg Located just below Château du Haut-Koenigsbourg

1088-517: Is the ruin of Château de l'Oedenbourg, which is also known as Petit-Koenigsbourg and is a historical monument in its own right. Construction of Château de l'Oedenbourg is believed to have begun during the 13th century. A copy of the castle has been built in the Berjaya Hills, 60 kilometres (37 mi) north-east of Kuala Lumpur 3°24′15″N 101°50′21″E  /  3.404167°N 101.839155°E  / 3.404167; 101.839155 . A copy of

1152-551: The Frankish name "Audaldo". Saint Fulrad (710-784), a relative of the Pippinids , later 14th abbot of the Abbey of Saint-Denis , a powerful politician and diplomat, possessed immense properties in this area. It is generally assumed that this was his birthplace, although there is no direct proof. The cultivation of the slopes of the Langenberg behind the village for the planting of vines

1216-640: The Habsburg emperor Frederick III granted the castle ruins in fief to the Counts of Thierstein , who rebuilt them with a defensive system suited to the new artillery of the time. When in 1517 the last Thierstein died, the castle became a reverted fief and again came into the possession of the Habsburg emperor of the day, Maximilian I . In 1633, during the Thirty Years' War in which Catholic forces fought Protestant armies,

1280-592: The Hohenstaufen Duke Frederick II of Swabia . Frederick's younger brother Conrad III had been elected King of the Romans in 1138, to be succeeded by Frederick's son Frederick Barbarossa in 1152 and, by 1192, the castle was called Kinzburg ( Königsburg , "King's Castle"). In the early 13th century , the fortification passed from the Hohenstaufen family to the dukes of Lorraine , who entrusted it to

1344-813: The Hohenzollern family and the Habsburg rulers of the Holy Roman Empire are emphasized. The Emperor wanted to legitimise the House of Hohenzollern at the head of the Second Empire and to assure himself as worthy heir of the Hohenstaufens and the Habsburgs. After World War I , the French state confiscated the castle in accordance with the 1919 Treaty of Versailles . It has been listed since 1862 and classified since 1993 as

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1408-809: The Lower Triassic series and is one of three characteristic Triassic units, together with the Muschelkalk and Keuper that form the Germanic Trias Supergroup . The Buntsandstein is similar in age, facies and lithology with the Bunter of the British Isles . It is normally lying on top of the Permian Zechstein and below the Muschelkalk. In the past the name Buntsandstein was in Europe also used in

1472-695: The North Sea and Baltic Sea , the Netherlands and south England. In the late Permian this region had an arid climate and it was covered by inland seas which deposited the Zechstein evaporites . At the end of the Permian a connection with the Paleo-Tethys Ocean to the south was formed in present-day southeast Poland, causing sea water to flow in periodically. This caused the inflow of more clastic material, which

1536-471: The castle of Haut-Koenigsbourg . A deed of 1078, purportedly made at Saint-Dié , records the return to St. Denis' Abbey by Gerhard's successor, Theodoric II, Duke of Lorraine , of the possessions usurped by his father, and is signed by several high dignitaries of the time both lay and ecclesiastical, including Pibon, bishop of Toul , Theodoric, bishop of Verdun , and Rembald, provost of Saint-Dié , as well as three counts and several other lords. This deed

1600-564: The historic Alsatian city of Colmar is located next to it. 48°14′58″N 7°20′39″E  /  48.24944°N 7.34417°E  / 48.24944; 7.34417 Buntsandstein The Buntsandstein (German for coloured or colourful sandstone ) or Bunter sandstone is a lithostratigraphic and allostratigraphic unit (a sequence of rock strata ) in the subsurface of large parts of west and central Europe. The Buntsandstein predominantly consists of sandstone layers of

1664-469: The homage of Ulrich of Werd for these same possessions as well as for Frankenbourg and Châtenois. The heirs of Ulrich refused however to recognize the suzerainty of the duke of Lorraine and sold a part of these fiefs to the bishop of Strasbourg , which led to lengthy litigation before the dukes of Lorraine were able to recover their losses. In 1324, Leopold I, Duke of Austria , in conflict with Louis of Oetingen , seized Saint-Hippolyte and sold it to

1728-524: The mill say " Bruchmühle " or still to Kleinforst in Saint-Hippolyte. On the 35 women accused of witchcraft, the only one liked head the indicters. She died under the torture. At the time of paying, one sparrow penetrated into the premises and stands out there rashly. The judge following this event asserted that devil had tried to get back the soul of her witch . Most of the time the so-called witches were simple women, credibly tramps or Romani which had managed to extort money and from donations in kind to

1792-696: The Dutch subdivision, the upper two formations are part of the Upper Germanic Trias and the others part of the Lower Germanic Trias. Bunter sandstone often forms spectacular rock formations as a result of weathering: including isolated rocks several tens of metres high. Most of them are designated natural monuments , for example, the Devil's Table near Hinterweidenthal . In the Palatinate, near Eppenbrunn , are

1856-590: The Imperial castle was besieged by Protestant Swedish forces. After a 52-day siege, the castle was burned and looted by the Swedish troops. For several hundred years it was left unused and the ruins became overgrown by the forest. Various romantic poets and artists were inspired by the castle during this time. The ruins were listed as a monument historique of the Second French Empire in 1862 and were purchased by

1920-429: The assault. The Dauphin realized the situation and left when the inhabitants refused to receive his people. The Sire of Commercy occupied the city until 1 January 1445, emptying cellars and attics, plundering houses, hunting inhabitants and keeping only artisans. The Armagnacs had to engage in battles in the nearby municipalities ( Sélestat , Bergheim and Ribeauvillé ) where groups of companions, Gesellen, slowed down

1984-516: The bishop of Strasbourg, landgrave of Alsace. In 1365 Duke John I made a grant of his lands here to Burckart of Fenetrange and Schönech. The heirs of the von Werd family did not want to relinquish lands of which they were in possession, and the result was a long dispute settled only in 1369. In 1370 and 1374 John I, Duke of Lorraine , had twice to re-take possession of Saint-Hippolyte, which he then passed to his father-in-law Eberhard II, Count of Württemberg , who two years later resold it, in 1393, to

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2048-415: The bishop of Strasbourg. Eberhard III, Count of Württemberg then took control of Saint-Hippolyte, before returning it to Friedrich von Blankenheim, bishop of Strasbourg. In 1430, Anton von Hattstatt of Viller received a grant for life from Charles II, Duke of Lorraine , of the town of Saint-Hippolyte and the castle of Haut-Koenigsbourg, in return for which Antoine made Charles his heir. In 1349, Alsace

2112-434: The branches under the name of Geroldseck-ès-Vosges (In Vosaso, am Wesichim) because of the castles situated in Vosges. She to extinguish in the 16th century. The other family pulled its name of the castle of Hohen-Geroldseck established on one of the summit of her Black Forest near Lahr . To protect in future Valley of Lièpvre and Saint-Hippolyte duke of Lorraine confided the nurse of it from 1516 to an Alsatian Lord who

2176-422: The cause with the own forces, he called to the help Sickingen's Franz (François de Sickingen) a first-rate adventurer. This one hurried to run up with a band of 6000 people. It crosses Vosges and invades Lorraine . Duke of Lorraine having bought the neutrality of Sickingen , undid completely the troops of Geroldseck in him Valley of Lièpvre . He made a boss again of Saint-Hippolyte meeting no resistance and cut

2240-537: The duke succeeded in setting aside any remaining claims by St. Denis' Abbey, which as it was located not in Alsace or Lorraine but in Paris , was a foreign proprietor. The abbey's protests were futile. In 1250 Matthias II, Duke of Lorraine , granted the castle of Haut-Koenigsbourg in fee to Cuno of Bergheim, with Saint-Hippolyte and Anesheim . The duke however retained the right of reversion, which he later exercised to re-grant

2304-595: The farmers: suppression of the tithe, the right of peach and of hunting , freedom to choose sound Lord. In a short time, these demands made the tour of everybody Alsace , at first claimed calmly, then excesses caused violence. It was in her Low Alsace , towards Molsheim , that movement was the most violent. Revolt won also valley of Villé and the city of Lorraine of Saint-Hippolyte. The farmers took themselves to one abbey plundering everything en route. Honcourt's abbey , of Andlau , of Baumgarten and of Ebersmunster were destroyed and were burned. The priory of Lièpvre

2368-429: The hail and to have so been responsible for the devastation of her vineyard . The other one was accused for having made rot grape just before grape harvests. The others were still accused for having made turn wine and to make him unfit in the consumption or for one other one to have made die one cow . Under her torture one admitted to these poor women of the improbable scenes. Some of them admitted to meet themselves

2432-483: The hands of new owners, but eventually returned again to the Dukes of Lorraine two years later. In 1516, Franz von Sickingen (1481–1523) a German adventurer who wared at the expense of Geroldseck's Gangolf (1527–1569) near Saverne, near Wangen's house against him duke of Lorraine seized Saint-Hippolyte by surprise with his 6000 soldiers without appointing damages to the city in Valley of Lièpvre . Incapable to triumph

2496-426: The head to an inhabitant who had favored the entrance of the enemy. However this expedition of Antoine is not enough to restore completely order. Under excuse to avenge the weak and the oppressed, François de Sickingen carried his devastation in him Electorate of the Palatinate and declared war to the imperial cities and in religious institution. Geroldseck's name often appears in the history of Alsace. One finds one of

2560-567: The history of the town. Saint-Hippolyte is situated at the foot of the Vosges , to the southwest of Sélestat between Rodern and Orschwiller , and is directly accessible via exit number 18 from the A35 motorway. The town is dominated by the castle of Haut-Koenigsbourg and surrounded by the fertile vineyards which made its reputation. The old village consists of three parallel streets cut by side streets and alleys between half-timbered houses, forming

2624-530: The invaders. On December 3 on 1444, more than one thousand resistors were arrested. The Armagnacs, in front of such a resistance, decided to withdraw in daytime on 1445 to look for fortune somewhere else. But at the time of leaving, they set on fire to part of the city of Saint-Hippolyte. Companions who had managed to leave the city before the arrival of the Armagnacs helped the population. The Armagnacs ambushed and skinned them. They occupied Saint-Hippolyte and pillaged

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2688-515: The lands of Lorraine : to Saint-Hippolyte, the priest Wolfgang Schuh, who had been named by the canons of the Saint Georges collegiate church of Nancy , renounced Catholicism, got married and was followed with number of his parishioners. The farmers occupied Saint-Hippolyte on 7 May 1525, with the support of the bourgeoisie, but they did not well stay there for a long time. Duke Antoine sent a detachment to Saint-Hippolyte with for mission to return in

2752-532: The local Rathsamhausen knightly family and the Lords of Hohenstein , who held the castle until the 15th century . As the Hohensteins allowed some robber barons to use the castle as a hideout, and their behaviour began to exasperate the neighbouring rulers, in 1454 it was occupied by Elector Palatine Frederick I and in 1462 was set ablaze by the unified forces of the cities of Colmar , Strasbourg and Basel . In 1479,

2816-569: The middle of 16th century, Saint-Hippolyte become again a city prospers. She was surrounded with robust bulwarks and with a rather deep ditch. Dukes of Lorraine went in the summer months to Saint-Hippolyte to go hunting there in the nearby mountains. The rest of time the city was lived by one governor or bailli who represented duke of Lorraine who was charged to take care of the order and to perceive royalties and taxes variously. In 1564, this function had by Widranges's Olry ( Ulrich von Wittringen ) son of Jean de Widranges, Lord of Thanvillé . He

2880-534: The move, however, and at length obtained confirmation of their title in the form of a diploma of Lothair I executed at Verdun on 4 August 854. In the 11th century the village became an enclave of Lorraine in Alsace when, despite Fulrad's gift of the village to St. Denis' Abbey, it passed into the hands of the Dukes of Lorraine , who were the abbey's Vögte (advocates) in regard to their possessions in Alsace. Gerhard of Alsace , duke of Lower Lorraine from 1048 to 1070,

2944-671: The name has no official status (though that does not keep geologists from using it). In the official Dutch lithostratigraphy, the Buntsandstein is divided into the Lower and Upper Germanic Trias Groups . The British Bunter Formation is basically a continuation of the same unit. In Germany the Buntsandstein is subdivided into three subgroups with seven formations (from top to base): Upper Buntsandstein Middle Buntsandstein Lower Buntsandstein All of these are reasonably good reservoir rocks for oil and gas. In

3008-414: The night together with devil which had taken a human shape, with which they ate, drank, sang and danced and were also accused for having maintained with him devil a carnal business. Certain living "witches" Bergheim, Rorschwihr or Châtenois admitted to have got some money or donations in kind. They told to have been transported by a goose , a goat or a broomstick somewhere near " Landgraben " or

3072-507: The restored Hohkönigsburg was inaugurated in the presence of the Emperor. In an elaborate re-enactment ceremony, a historic cortege entered the castle, under a torrential downpour. Ebhardt's aim was to rebuild it, as near as possible, as it was on the eve of the Thirty Years' War. He relied heavily on historical accounts but, occasionally lacking information, he had to improvise some parts of

3136-521: The row the contrary. It had moreover no evil to be returned order in his distant city of Lorraine . Duke was all the more discontented as he held his as particularly irresponsible subjects to have listened to speeches fired with the Boorish. Some had even got on toward the reformation. The priest Wolfang Schuh (1493–1525) was arrested for crime of heresy in May 1525 by Gaspard d' Haussonville , governor of Blâmont and leads in Nancy and condemned to be burned on

3200-540: The same properties to Heinrich von Werd. In 1287 Saint-Hippolyte was invaded and burnt down by Anselm II of Ribeaupierre, and the Duke of Lorraine decided to fortify it. In 1290 Lièpvre was given in fee to Henri I, Sire of Blâmont by Duke Frederick III , but he retained Saint-Hippolyte, and in 1310 completely fortified it with walls and unbridgeable ditches. These precautions did not prevent Saint-Hippolyte from undergoing further attacks. In 1316 Frederick IV of Lorraine received

3264-692: The so-called Altschlossfelsen ("Old Castle Rocks"). The massif has a length of around 1.5 km and a height of up to 25 metres, easily the largest bunter sandstone massif in the Palatinate. On the island of Heligoland , the 47-metre-high Lange Anna ("Tall Anna"), is the best-known landmark on the island and was declared a natural monument in 1969. The Buntsandstein contains a few small saurians, tracks like Chirotherium and plant remnants. Saint-Hippolyte, Haut-Rhin Saint-Hippolyte ( French pronunciation: [sɛ̃.t‿ipɔlit] ; German : Sankt Pilt ; Alsatian : Sàmpìlt )

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3328-458: The stronghold. For example, the Keep tower is now reckoned to be about 14 metres too tall. Wilhelm II, who regularly visited the construction site via a specially built train station in nearby Saint-Hippolyte , also encouraged certain modifications that emphasised a Romantic nostalgia for Germanic civilization. For example, the main dining hall has a higher roof than it did at the time and links between

3392-483: The town. They left it having been dislodged by Erasme of Ribeaupierre , who had begun to worry by the boldness of these adventurers. Under the excuse that the people of Saint-Hippolyte had opened their door to the Armagnacs, they set fire to the last houses still upright. The inhabitants of Saint-Hippolyte, in spite of all these misfortunes, reconstructed their houses and reconditioned the vineyard. After this period of devastation, Saint-Hippolyte passed several times between

3456-638: The township of Sélestat (or Schlettstadt ) three years later. After the Franco-Prussian War of 1870 to 1871, the region was incorporated into the German Imperial Territory of Alsace-Lorraine and, in 1899, the citizens granted what was left of the castle to the German emperor Wilhelm II. Wilhelm wished to create a castle lauding the qualities of Alsace in the Middle Ages and more generally of German civilization stretching from Hohkönigsburg in

3520-412: The village later took its name: it is first mentioned as Sankt Pilt in 835. The monastery was at first a cell of the new priory at Lièpvre, but later became a priory directly under the abbey of St. Denis. The monks of St. Denis were obliged to defend their title to the two priories in 853, when an attempt was made to have them granted as a fief to a royal kinsman. The monks were successful in blocking

3584-493: The villages of Saint-Hippolyte and Châtenois . The monks of St. Denis' Abbey tried all means of retrieving their possessions, up to and including the forgery of a diploma attributed to Charlemagne supposedly confirming all the abbey's possessions throughout his empire, but in vain. Duke Gerhard remained in possession of St. Hippolyte and in 1052 the abbey was obliged to place St. Hippolyte's Priory under his protection as Vogt in apparent confirmation of his claims, which included

3648-447: The west to (likewise restored) Marienburg Castle in the east. He also hoped the restoration would reinforce the bond of Alsatians with Germany, as they had only recently been incorporated into the newly established German Empire . The management of the restoration of the fortifications was entrusted to the architect Bodo Ebhardt , a proven expert on the reconstruction of medieval castles. Work proceeded from 1900 to 1908. On May 13, 1908,

3712-484: Was also partially destroyed. The farmers got ready to go to Lorraine to attack the possessions of duke of Lorraine . They tried to surprise the city of Saint-Dié . But from the arrival of the farmers, the alarm bell was sounded and allowed to scatter them. It was their bigger error. Saint-Dié was defended by a company of lansquenets . Sought by the Alsatian Lords and bishop of Strasbourg , duke Antoine set up

3776-537: Was arrested, was sent back in Nancy and discharged of the title and imprisoned in 1568 in Nancy where he died in 1589. It was replaced to Saint-Hippolyte by Jean de Silières chancellor of Christine of Denmark . A sculptured paving stone and polychromée fixed to the north facade of the city hall calls back the recollection of Widranges's Ulrich. On the paving stone represent the weapons of Lorraine , below of which one notes registration: " Ulrich von Wittringen on 1566. " Among on 1560 and 1600, Alsace had to regret

3840-506: Was deposited in the form of large alluvial fans . The same process happened in the Triassic for the Basque-Cantabrian Basin , in the axis of the future Pyrenees . Deposition took place in an arid, continental environment ( playa facies), so that there was little chemical weathering . Therefore, the Buntsandstein deposits are typical red beds , mainly sandstones and conglomerates with little clay . The late Anisian saw

3904-591: Was hit by an epidemic of plague , followed by an earthquake on October 1356 which decimated the village. But due to the laborious population, the region later found a certain prosperity. This wealth attracted bands of Bretons , Lombards , Gascons , Spanish , Scots which (receiving the name of Armagnac because of service to the King of France ) pillaged the region. These troops are also called " Swindlers ", in Alsace " Schinder " or in Lorraine " Routiers " took with them

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3968-443: Was named a captain and a conductor in the city. The inhabitants of Saint-Hippolyte did not love him and for a long time he remained unpopular with the population. Since 1551, the seigneury of Ortenberg or of Villé belonged to the powerful family of Bollwiller . Nicolas, baron of Bollwiller and untervogt of Alsace , administered Valley of Villé by a superior bursar, Jean-Jacques de Ostein and by an officer, Armand Widmann . It

4032-538: Was quite devoted to him (her), the count of Thierstein . François de Sickingen was killed in 1523. But of new turn were going to appear there Alsace . In April 1524, the farmers lifted up themselves of Basel in Wissembourg . They took the name of Boorish . Their enemies were noble and especially clergy . From February 1525 farmers of the North of the region made known in twelve points their demands for more freedom for

4096-449: Was with these last ones that Widranges's Olry had big contesting. Olry of Widranges had to defend the interests of duke of Lorraine to Saint-Hippolyte against the companies of the Sire of Ribeaupierre . Soon it was put in contesting with the middle-class persons of Saint-Hippolyte himself. These last ones were not very easy to steer. In 1504, they had rebelled and had wanted to massacre their captain Jean of Cover . Jean de Widranges had

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