An independent , non-partisan politician , or non-affiliated politician is a politician not affiliated with any political party or bureaucratic association. There are numerous reasons why someone may stand for office as an independent.
102-681: Hastingwood is a hamlet in the North Weald Bassett civil parish of the Epping Forest district of Essex , England. The hamlet is centred on the junction of Hastingwood Road, which runs southwest to the A414 road and the Hastingwood Junction 7 of the M11 motorway , and Mill Street, which runs north to Harlow Common and Potter Street . Nearby settlements include the town of Harlow, North Weald and
204-531: A Democrat) in the 20th century. Some officials have been elected as members of a party but became independent while in office (without being elected as such), such as Wayne Morse of Oregon, who left the Republican party to become an independent, then joined the Democratic Party two years later. Nebraska senator George W. Norris was elected for four terms as a Republican before changing to an independent after
306-462: A Democrat) received 21% of the vote. In Texas , country music singer and mystery novelist Kinky Friedman received 12.43% of the vote, and State Comptroller Carole Keeton Strayhorn received 18.13%. Strayhorn and Friedman's presence in the race resulted in a splitting of the ballot four ways between themselves and the two major parties. In 2010 , Florida governor Charlie Crist left the Republican party and became an independent. (He later became
408-463: A Democrat.) He left the Republicans because he did not want to run against former state house Speaker Marco Rubio in the Republican primary for the U.S. Senate election, preferring to run in the general. Rubio won the election, though Crist came in ahead of Democratic nominee Kendrick Meek . In 2014 , former Honolulu mayor Mufi Hannemann ran as an independent candidate for the governorship of
510-457: A brick church and in 1931 the Wesleyan church at Weald Gullet was rebuilt. In 1939, however, the Wesleyan church at Thornwood was closed owing to lack of support. A village hall was built in 1928, on the south side of the village. In 1967, the village hall was rebuilt. The parish was part of Ongar Rural District from 1894 to 1955 and Epping and Ongar Rural District from 1955 to 1974. The parish
612-593: A day mail was established at North Weald. A telegraph office was set up in 1886. The telephone service was introduced in 1920. The population rose very little during the first 20 years of the 20th century, and was only 1,239 in 1921 with the Post Office Radio Station established at Weald Gullet in 1921. There was an increase to 1,642 in 1931 and then a burst of building lasting until the Second World War. A few council houses were built before 1939. In
714-465: A further 47% still owing a mortgage. 12% of residents live in council houses. Residents of North Weald also vary in terms of their trade. In 2011, the majority of North Weald residents worked in retail (16%). 13% worked in real estate and 12% in manufacturing. Unemployment in North Weald is low (2.0% in 2011). The demographic are men between 40 and 44 who make up 9% of the total population. Women make up
816-604: A handful of independent members . Examples include Bernie Sanders of Vermont, Virgil Goode of Virginia, Frazier Reams of Ohio , Victor Berger of Wisconsin , and Justin Amash and Paul Mitchell of Michigan . There have been several independents elected to the United States Senate throughout history. Notable examples include David Davis of Illinois (a former Republican ) in the 19th century, and Harry F. Byrd Jr. of Virginia (who had been elected to his first term as
918-477: A history of independent state legislators. For example, in the Alaska State House , independents have sometimes played pivotal roles in coalition governments, demonstrating their influence in closely divided chambers. These legislators often prioritize regional or policy-specific issues over strict adherence to party platforms. Judicial and Nonpartisan Offices Many state and local offices, particularly in
1020-689: A large impact on elections and have even won, particularly in large cities. For instance, former New York City mayor Michael Bloomberg served as 2002 to 2013 as a Republican but for his third term he won as an independent. Independent politicians have also led cities like Minneapolis , where Charles Stenvig served as an independent mayor throughout the 1970s. These leaders often emphasize pragmatic governance over party ideology, appealing to diverse voter bases. State Legislatures While less common than in Congress, independents occasionally serve in state legislatures. Maine and Alaska , in particular, have seen
1122-515: A monopoly on the nomination of candidates for elected positions according to the Electoral Code. However, becoming an independent politician after being elected is protected by virtue of Article 25 of the Constitution of Costa Rica , which guarantees freedom of association ; therefore, any citizen cannot be forced to remain in a specific political party and can join any other political group. It
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#17328631264841224-668: A political party. Independents sometimes choose to form a party, alliance, or technical group with other independents, and may formally register that organization. Even where the word "independent" is used, such alliances can have much in common with a political party, especially if there is an organization which needs to approve the "independent" candidates. Independent politicians are not allowed to run for office in Brazil. The Constitution of 1988, in Article 14, §3rd, item V, says that "Are conditions for eligibility: V - party affiliation". However,
1326-722: A roundabout above the M11 motorway, on the A414. Buses run from Harlow through to Epping and to Ongar along the A414. A number of major arterial roads (B181 to Epping and A414 to London, Newmarket and, in the opposite direction, to Chelmsford) run nearby. The main road from London to Newmarket and Norwich runs through the west and that from Epping to Chelmsford through the south of the parish. North Weald Bassett 51°43′09″N 0°09′46″E / 51.71930°N 0.16284°E / 51.71930; 0.16284 North Weald Bassett , or simply North Weald ( / ˈ w iː l d / WEELD ),
1428-482: A similar number. There are two care homes in North Weald, Leonard Davis House and Cunningham House to accommodate for the large proportion of residents who are over 60. The M11 motorway cuts through the middle of the parish and has a junction with the A414 road . The southern boundary runs parallel to the heritage Epping Ongar Railway and makes a small deviation to include the whole of North Weald railway station . The nearest regularly served stations are outside
1530-405: A single Congress since the ratification of the 17th Amendment . State and Local Independent Politicians Independent politicians have also played notable roles at the state and local levels, often finding success in contexts where party affiliation is less dominant or elections are nonpartisan. Mayors and Municipal Leaders There have been many cases where independent candidates have made
1632-500: A single seat, but with three members. The 2024 district council election was notable in that it produced the first Independent councillor for the village since Harry Waterman in 1973 who won the most votes by a considerable margin. This election also saw the Conservatives' worst performance since the 1960s. As a result, of the three candidates elected, the one who secured the least votes will face re-election in two years time, followed by
1734-417: A station at North Weald . This brought London within easy reach. This line was electrified in 1957 but closed to regular passenger traffic in 1994. Beyond Ongar public transport was poor until the introduction of motor buses. There are now infrequent bus services to Epping , Ongar, Brentwood . North Weald was late in getting its own post-office, probably because it was served directly from Epping. In 1883
1836-454: A third party ( Connecticut for Lieberman Party ) after he lost the primary. After the election, Lieberman enrolled himself as an Independent Democrat until his retirement in 2013. In 2006, Sanders and Lieberman were the only two victorious independent candidates for Congress, both caucusing with the Democrats. In 2012 , Angus King was elected to the U.S. Senate as an Independent from Maine. He
1938-553: Is a strongly Conservative area with the Conservatives winning 60% of the vote in 2015's local elections . Hastingwood is represented at the Essex County Council by the Conservative county councillor for North Weald and Nazeing, having won the 2017 election with 78.5% of the vote, followed by Labour with 12.7%. On the district council, Hastingwood is represented by one currently Independent councillor. Re-election for
2040-484: Is a village and civil parish in the Epping Forest district of Essex , England. The village is within the North Weald Ridges and Valleys landscape area. A market is held every Saturday and Bank Holiday Monday at North Weald Airfield . The market used to be the largest open air market in the country but reduced its size over the years. North Weald Bassett in approximately 20 miles (32 km) north-east from
2142-475: Is common in each legislative period for some deputies ( diputados , term used for legislators) of the Legislative Assembly of Costa Rica to become independents; this has also happened with the mayors ( alcaldes ) of the municipalities of cantons . Jaime Heliodoro Rodríguez Calderón (born in 1957), sometimes referred to by his nickname "Bronco", is a Mexican politician and former governor for
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#17328631264842244-539: Is controlled by Independents. The Council formerly had several Conservatives elected to serve on it, however most left, leaving just one Conservative. Below is a list of Parish Council chairmen for North Weald Bassett since 1934. The longest consecutive serving chairman was Cyril Hawkins who served for 11 years until his death in 2017. However, Harry Waterman served 12 non-consecutive years as chairman. North Weald has voted for Conservatives at every district council election since 1968 except twice - 1973 and 2024. Until 1979,
2346-578: Is noted as having proposed amendments on at least 20% of all legislation. Several observers and those involved with the Senate itself have criticized the Trudeau government for its attempted reforms, with most accusations centering around the belief that the new appointment process is biased towards those who are ideologically supportive of the Liberal Party's objectives. Remaining Conservative senators have accused
2448-478: Is populated sparsely. Thirteen inhabitants of the village are of Indian, African or other background. Twelve were born outside of the UK. The vast majority of the population identify as Christian with the significant other half as atheist. Fifty-nine residents own their own home with 49 still owing a mortgage. There is one house subsidised by the council. Residents of Hastingwood vary in terms of their trade. In 2011, 14% of
2550-458: Is run by a parish council , with its offices in the village of North Weald. As at the 2001 census the population was 6,039 and 51.5% female, with an average age of 39. There are 2,387 households, with an average household size of 2.45. The village Parish Council is based in Thornwood (as of 2024) and is responsible for maintaining allotments, local cemeteries, and public spaces (including parks,
2652-575: Is sometimes mentioned as an independent governor, though this is not technically correct; he ran as an A Connecticut Party candidate (which gave him better ballot placement than an unaffiliated candidate would receive), defeating the Democratic and Republican nominees. Another former governor who is sometimes mentioned as an independent is Jesse Ventura , who actually ran as a member of the Reform Party 's Minnesota affiliate, which later disaffiliated from
2754-491: The 1996 and 2000 elections, and "Never Trump" conservative candidate Evan McMullin in 2016 . Out of all independent candidates since Washington, Perot performed the best, gaining no votes in the Electoral College but receiving 19 percent of the popular vote and, early in the election season, leading in polls against his opponents Bill Clinton and George H. W. Bush . Additionally, McMullin received 21 percent of
2856-478: The 2002 elections , when the Republicans regained their majority. Jeffords retired at the end of his term in 2007. Dean Barkley of the Independence Party of Minnesota was appointed a day before the 2002 elections to fill the senate seat of Paul Wellstone who, while running for re-election, died weeks prior. Barkley refused to caucus with either party. In 2006 , independent politician Bernie Sanders won
2958-454: The 2019 Newfoundland and Labrador general election , two independent candidates were elected. Current laws in Costa Rica do not permit a citizen to run directly for any elected position as an independent without the representation of a political party. Any nomination must be made through a political party, due to the framework of the current legal system, in which the political parties have
3060-570: The 2024 general election , seven independent candidates were elected to Lok Sabha , the lower house of Indian Parliament . The only independent Israeli politician elected to the Knesset was Shmuel Flatto-Sharon . Independents have rarely been elected to the Dewan Rakyat and state legislative assemblies. In Malaysian elections, many independent candidates lose their election deposit because they had failed to secure at least 12.5% or one-eighth of
3162-539: The Democratic Party and briefly sought election in 1844 as a Tyler Democrat , but withdrew over fear he would split the Democratic vote and give the election to Whig candidate Henry Clay . Since 1900, notable candidates running as independents for U.S. president have included congressman John Anderson in 1980 , billionaire entrepreneur Ross Perot in 1992 and 1996 (in 1996 under the newly founded Reform Party ), former Green Party candidate Ralph Nader in
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3264-609: The Democratic-Republican faction, centered around Thomas Jefferson and James Madison . Washington feared that partisanship would eventually destroy the country, and famously warned against "the baneful effects of the spirit of party" in his 1796 Farewell Address . John Tyler was expelled from the Whig Party in September 1841, and effectively remained an independent for the remainder of his presidency. He later returned to
3366-526: The National Assembly , such as Aytən Mustafayeva . Around half of Hong Kong 's Legislative Council is made up of independents, or members whose political groups are represented by one sole member in the legislature. They are common in functional constituencies , and are not rare among geographical constituencies . Independent candidates can contest elections on the basis of their personal appeal or to promote an ideology different from any party. In
3468-584: The Northwest Territories and Nunavut are consensus governments with no political parties. All members sit as independents. There are a few independent members of the other provincial and territorial legislatures, which are similar in principle to the federal House of Commons; for example, in the 2009 British Columbia general election , independent candidate Vicki Huntington narrowly defeated incumbent Attorney General Wally Oppal in Delta South . In
3570-506: The Ontario electoral district , or riding, of Spadina—Fort York . Vuong had originally campaigned as a member of the Liberal Party during the 2021 federal election but was ejected from the party two days prior to the end of the vote due to controversy surrounding past allegations of sexual assault. Despite his removal from the Liberal Party, Vuong won the election for his riding and chose to take his seat as an independent, though this decision
3672-479: The 17th century. Further Grade II listed buildings include farmhouses, barns and cottages, and Paris Hall which dates to the mid-16th century. Harlow Garden Centre stands just off Hastingwood Road across the A414 near the Hastingwood Interchange roundabout. Hastingwood Village Hall off Hastingwood Road was originally built in 1922, but refurbished and restored in 2014 and was opened by Robert Halfon MP ;
3774-545: The 1940s, the North Weald Bassett Parish was formed and North Weald was removed from the Ongar Hundred and placed, along with Thornwood, Hastingwood and various other small villages in the parish. Since 1945 three large housing estates have been built. In 1953 the estimated population of North Weald was 3,200-an increase of almost 100 per cent. on 1931. The iron mission church at Thornwood was replaced in 1923 by
3876-519: The Chapel of Ease at Hastingwood (1864), the Iron Mission Church at Thornwood (1888), and the Wesleyan churches at Thornwood (1883) and Weald Gullet (1888). The original school was relinquished in favour of a larger building and the new school was extended in about 1842 and again in 1871. In 1865 coach travel in this area was superseded by the opening of the railway through Epping to Ongar , with
3978-527: The Debt of Honour memorial, and benches), and providing first-stage planning scrutiny of developments and applications. Since 2017, Cllr Alan Buckley has chaired the Parish Council, and the deputy Chair is Shirley Hawkins. The Council is not elected, but rather residents apply to join and then are appointed to the body once a vacancy is published. As of July 2024, the council has 14 members, with one vacancy. It
4080-743: The Independent Senators Group in particular as being "too quick to endorse bills from the Liberal government". Supporting this claim, a 2021 study found that members of the Independent Senators Group voted in favor of legislation proposed by the incumbent Liberal government more consistently than any other group within the Senate, including those still formally aligned to the Liberal Party. This was, however, among an overall trend in which all senators demonstrated lower levels of party loyalty, and as such its full implications are still unknown. The report also concluded that partisanship in Senate appointments
4182-593: The North Weald Bassett parish fell within the Harlow constituency, before boundary changes in 1997 saw North Weald and North Weald were brought under Epping Forest, whilst Hastingwood remained part of Harlow. In 2010, North Weald was adopted into Brentwood and Ongar, whilst Thornwood remained in Epping Forest. Below are the list of MPs for the majority parts of the parish. Since 2010, North Weald has been part of one of
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4284-404: The North Weald Bassett parish which rises to 300 ft. North Weald is 2 miles (3 km) northeast of Epping , 3.5 miles (6 km) west of Chipping Ongar and 4 miles (6 km) southeast of Harlow . The county town of Chelmsford is approximately 14 miles (23 km) to the east. There are significant patches of sensitive historic landscape at the north-eastern and western edges of
4386-485: The North Weald and Nazeing county council division, whilst Thornwood falls under the Epping and Theydon Bois division. Also represented in this seat are the communities of Epping Green, Epping Upland, Lower Nazeing, Bumble's Green and Roydon. The seat has been consistently Conservative. In 2025, the division boundaries will change and Thornwood will be incorporated under the North Weald and Nazeing division. Lib Dem From 1974,
4488-790: The People" parties in several states for the same purpose, even though he is Independent. Several other candidates for federal races, including Joe Lieberman (who created Connecticut for Lieberman ), have pursued a similar strategy. Illinois , Maine , Oregon , Rhode Island , Texas , Alaska , and North Dakota have elected formally independent candidates as governor: Illinois's first two governors, Shadrach Bond and Edward Coles ; James B. Longley in 1974 as well as Angus King in 1994 and 1998 from Maine; Lincoln Chafee in 2010 from Rhode Island; Julius Meier in 1930 from Oregon; Sam Houston in 1859 from Texas; and Bill Walker in 2014 from Alaska. Lowell P. Weicker Jr. of Connecticut
4590-545: The Proposal Amendment to the Constitution (PEC) no. 6/2015, authored by independent senator José Reguffe , would allow the independent candidacy of individuals who have the support of at least 1% of the electors able to vote in the region (city, state or country, depending on the election) in which the candidate is running. Currently, members of the legislature can leave their respective parties after being elected, as in
4692-522: The Republicans and Democrats (with a Republican Vice President, Dick Cheney , who would presumably break all ties in favor of the Republicans), to 49 Republicans, 50 Democrats, and one Independent. Jeffords agreed to vote for Democratic control of the Senate in exchange for being appointed chairman of the Senate Environment and Public Works Committee , and the Democrats held control of the Senate until
4794-474: The Republicans lost their majority in Congress in 1930. Norris won re-election as an independent in 1936, but later lost his final re-election attempt to Republican Kenneth S. Wherry in 1942. Vermont senator Jim Jeffords left the Republican Party to become an independent in 2001. Jeffords's change of party status was especially significant because it shifted the Senate composition from 50 to 50 between
4896-592: The Senate and pledged to end the practice of partisan appointments for senators and transition to a new system of merit-based appointments if elected Prime Minister. Following the election of a Liberal majority government in 2015, the Independent Advisory Board for Senate Appointments was established with the goal of filling Senate vacancies through a selection process based on political knowledge, merit, and perceived ability to act independently of partisan affiliation. This push to remove partisan ties from
4998-504: The Senate resulted in the creation of the Independent Senators Group , a coalition of both newly appointed independent senators and formally partisan senators who had relinquished their formal party ties, alongside the also independent Canadian Senators Group and Progressive Senate Group . By 2018, the majority of Canadian Senators were officially independent, though some Liberal senators continued to remain affiliated with
5100-515: The Senate seat being vacated by the retiring Jim Jeffords as an independent, subsequently reelected in 2012 , 2018 and 2024 . He was an independent member of the United States House of Representatives for Vermont-at-large from 1991 to 2007. Sanders is the longest-serving independent member of Congress in American history. Also in 2006 , Joe Lieberman was a former Democrat and ran under
5202-491: The State of Hawaii after previously campaigning in the state's Democratic primary. As a result, Democratic candidate David Ige was elected as governor with a plurality of 49%. Also in 2014, former mayor of Valdez , Bill Walker won the gubernatorial election. Walker retired before the 2018 election but ran again in the 2022 . He didn't win but received 20% of the vote. The United States House of Representatives has also seen
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#17328631264845304-548: The appointment of senators through the Independent Advisory Board for Senate Appointments, there has been a noted increase in the number of amendments the Senate has proposed for legislation from the House of Commons. During the 42nd Parliament (2015–2019), the Senate attempted to amend 13 government bills, whereas during the 41st Parliament (2011–2015), it had attempted to amend only one government bill. The reformed Senate
5406-580: The case of senator Reguffe, who left the Democratic Labour Party (PDT) in 2016. Jair Bolsonaro was independent between 2019 and 2021. In Canadian federal politics, members of both the House of Commons and the Senate are permitted to hold office without being members of a political party. Candidates in federal elections who are not affiliated with a party have two options: independent or no affiliation. In
5508-477: The causes and motivations for MPs to act independently. Many observers of the Canadian House of Commons in the 21st century have noted its incredibly high party discipline. Few MPs choose to vote against their party's official stance on any given piece of legislation. Between 2011 and 2013—the first two years of the 41st Canadian Parliament , following the 2011 Canadian federal election —the elected members of
5610-528: The centre of London. The parish abuts the outskirts of the towns of Harlow to the north and Epping to the south-west, and is split between these post towns for postal addresses. The parish includes the village of North Weald and the hamlets of Foster Street , Thornwood , Thornwood Common , Tyler's Green, and Hastingwood . It is rural, with large sections of parish land at the south-west used by North Weald Golf Course, and North Weald Airfield and (ICAO: EGSX), an operational general aviation aerodrome which
5712-420: The centre of the parish, Canes, Marshalls and Paris Hall at Hastingwood . In addition to the four manor houses there were probably substantial medieval dwellings at Tylers Green, Bowlers Green, Bridge Farm (near Weald Bridge), and possibly one or two other places. The parish church, St Andrew's, which dates from the 14th century, is ½ mile east of Weald Hall. Apart from the church the oldest existing building in
5814-457: The common in 1861 resulted in further building development. Hastingwood established its first church in 1864 as a chapel of ease . This was part of a process of decentralising the parish, distributing the population towards the areas of Thornwood and Hastingwood. Hastingwood Farm was renamed 'The Rainbow Inn' (after the name of the owner) and became used as a stop for travellers with their horses between Cambridge and London. The further renaming of
5916-410: The east. The Shonks Brook stream runs into the village from North Weald. It is a tributary of Cripsey Brook which flows from Ongar and through the surrounding area. The land is predominantly arable with much land used for farming. Hastingwood is a linear street village. There are four farms within the parish. As of 2011 there are 143 households with an average household size of 2.2. The village
6018-422: The following year. A toll-gate was erected at the junction of the main road and Woodside. The gate-keeper lived at first in a rented cottage but a toll-house was built about 1818. This still survives: a single-story building of brick, now plastered, with a tiled roof. In 1801 North Weald, with 620 inhabitants, was one of the more densely populated parishes of the area. In the 19th century the population followed
6120-496: The former case, they appear on the ballot with "Independent" following their name; in the second case, they appear with their name only. The two options are otherwise equivalent. During the earliest Canadian Parliaments, a lack of coherent political identity among both the Liberal and Conservative parties is known to have led to Members of Parliament (MPs) occasionally demonstrating independence from their party by voting in line with
6222-563: The governing Conservative Party voted as a unified group on 76% of all votes, while members of the Liberal Party did so on 90% of all votes, and members of the New Democratic Party (NDP) did so on 100% of votes. This unity further increased in subsequent years, as in the 42nd Parliament , following the 2015 election , the governing Liberal MPs voted identically on 99.6% of all votes, Conservative MPs on 99.5% of votes, and NDP MPs on 99.8% of votes. (Conservatives, Liberals, and NDP were
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#17328631264846324-517: The hall holds village events,. The nearest London Underground service to the village is Epping which is served by the Central line . The closest National Rail service is from Harlow Town , which is served by the West Anglia Main Line and is operated by Abellio Greater Anglia . No buses run through Hastingwood. The only buses which run near the village are at the Hastingwood Interchange,
6426-575: The hamlet of Foster Street . The earliest records of Hastingwood originate from 1086 when the Paris Hall estate was founded. The remains of the estate lie on Hastingwood Road, with the mansion house dating from the 1500s still standing and given Grade II protection in 1952. It is surrounded by various ancient farms such as Canes Farm and Newhouse Farm. It was part of the Harlow Hundred and made up 793 acres (3.2 km) of this area. In 1520, Hastingwood
6528-432: The inn to 'The Rainbow and Dove' came after travellers noticed a topiary bird, they believed was a dove, on the grounds of the inn. In the 20th century, the population expanded slightly up until the 1920s and plateaued until 1945, after-which, in the post-Second World War period, it rose. The proximity of Hastingwood to North Weald Airfield also served as a reason why housing development was required. In 1949, Hastingwood
6630-456: The judiciary, are officially nonpartisan, providing opportunities for independents to succeed. For example, state superintendents of schools or city council members are normally politicians who identify as independent or with no party at all. This system allows voters to focus on the candidate's qualifications rather than party affiliation since this should not be stressed for these positions. In Azerbaijan , there are many independent members of
6732-425: The most Conservative supporting seats in the UK. Consistently gaining over 60.0% of the vote, the 2024 general election saw the Conservatives fall to its worst-ever vote share in the constituency winning 36.7% of the vote to Reform UK's 24.3% and Labour's 23.0%. According to ward estimate breakdowns , North Weald voted in the following way at the 2024 general election: The village is in the southwest highest part of
6834-420: The next lowest candidate in three years time, whilst the highest scoring candidate would have a full four-year term. The seat is currently represented (in order of votes secured at the last election) by Cllr Tom Bromwich (Independent), Cllr Nigel Bedford (Conservative), and Cllr Leslie Burrows (Conservative). Lib Dem Lib Dem Lib Dem North Weald, Tyler's Green, Hastingwood, and Foster Street all fall within
6936-526: The north side of the main road near the end of Church Lane were destroyed in a German air raid in 1941. Until the 17th century the Epping-Chelmsford road was probably the most important in the parish. In 1786 a petition was presented to the Epping Highway Trust by the people of North Weald asking that the road should be taken over by the trust. An Act of Parliament for this purpose was passed in
7038-531: The northern state of Nuevo León and holds no political party affiliation. As of June 7, 2015 , he was elected Governor of Nuevo León, making history as the first independent candidate to win in the country. George Washington is the only U.S. president elected as an independent to date. Washington opposed the development of political parties , which had begun to solidify as the Federalist faction, centered around John Adams and Alexander Hamilton , and
7140-452: The only three parties with enough MPs to qualify for official party status in the 41st and 42nd parliaments.) Thanks to this strong party discipline, it is uncommon to see politicians who are otherwise affiliated with any of the main political parties act independently of their party. Though it is acceptable and accepted for politicians to serve as independent MPs, those who attempt to run as such often struggle to be elected without access to
7242-577: The only two parties to ever form government in Canada, only the Liberal and Conservative parties had been able to appoint new senators. Because Canadian senators are appointed by the Governor General of Canada on the advice of the Prime Minister rather than being elected, senators were often accused of being appointed as a "reward" for service to the party in power, and once appointed, of simply repeating
7344-436: The opposition. Commonly, the issues which caused these MPs to act independently were religious in nature. These tensions began to disperse over the course of the first ten Canadian parliaments as the major political parties began to form consistent identities and MPs began affiliating themselves with the parties they knew more closely shared their core values. This in turn increased cohesion between parties and MPs, and minimized
7446-427: The parish are in the south and west, rising to 322 feet (98 m). The land slopes downwards from this point to the main area of housing at the point in which Hastingwood Road and Mill Street split. Hastingwood is 2.5 miles (4 km) east of Harlow, 3.5 miles (6 km) north-east of Epping and 5 miles (8 km) north-west of Chipping Ongar. The county town of Chelmsford is approximately 14 miles (23 km) to
7548-475: The parish is probably Tylers. This is a timber-framed and plastered house consisting of a central block with a gabled cross-wing at each end. It may date from the 16th century but there is some evidence that the central block was an earlier open hall with a screens passage at its south-west end. The 'King's Head' at Weald Gullet is a timber-framed building probably of the same period. It was restored about 1927. Two ancient timber-framed cottages which formerly stood on
7650-491: The parish was split into two district council seats - North Weald, and Thornwood and Hastingwood. Each had just one representative. In 1979, this changed, and the entire parish and its villages were incorporated into a single two-member seat. In 2002, the boundaries were changed splitting the Parish up again into three seats. North Weald village would remain as a two-member seat and cover the entire village and Tyler's Green. Thornwood
7752-435: The parish, with Harlow Town railway station 2 miles (3 km) to the north-west and Epping tube station 1 mile (2 km) to the south-west of the extreme edge of the parish border. Bus services are mostly provided by Vectare and Central Connect. Other services are provided by First Essex and Stephensons of Essex. Local bus routes 13C, 18/18C, 420, 420A, 491, 492, 620 and Epping Ongar Railway Vintage Route 339 serve
7854-708: The party and reverted to its original name, the Independence Party of Minnesota .North Dakota elected William Langer Governor in 1933 as a member of the Republican/Nonpartisan League. He was later elected Governor in 1937 as an Independent. In 1971 , State Senator Henry Howell of Virginia , a former Democrat, was elected lieutenant governor as an independent. Two years later , he campaigned for governor as an independent, but lost by 15,000 votes. There were several unsuccessful independent gubernatorial candidates in 2006 who impacted their electoral races. In Maine , state legislator Barbara Merrill (formerly
7956-441: The party in question has selected another candidate. Others may belong to or support a political party at the national level but believe they should not formally represent it (and thus be subject to its policies) at another level. In some cases, a politician may be a member of an unregistered party and therefore officially recognised as an independent. Office-holders may become independents after losing or repudiating affiliation with
8058-463: The points and positions of their counterparts in the House of Commons rather than acting as a means of truly independent policy review. In 2014, as a response to growing public disapproval of the Senate and the perceived problems brought about by senator partisanship, Liberal Party leader Justin Trudeau made the decision to expel all Liberal senators from the Liberal Party caucus. Trudeau would go on to call for an overall elimination of partisanship in
8160-552: The political party despite no longer being permitted within the party caucus. Additionally, the Conservative Party elected not to remove its senators from the party caucus, and many Conservative Party senators kept their official partisan affiliations in public. During the 2019 federal election campaign, in response to reporters' questions, Conservative Party leader Andrew Scheer said that if his party were elected to form government and he became prime minister, he would reinstate
8262-661: The popular vote in his home state of Utah but received little support from the remainder of the country. Independent senator Bernie Sanders ran in the 2016 and 2020 Democratic Party presidential primaries , but ultimately did not appear on the ballot in either the 2016 nor 2020 presidential elections, though he did receive more than 5% of the popular vote as a write-in candidate in his home state of Vermont . In 2008 , Nader formed Independent Parties in New Mexico , Delaware , and elsewhere to gain ballot access in several states. In 2024 , Robert F. Kennedy Jr. created "We
8364-456: The population was 4,461 and 51.5% female, with an average age of 39. As of 2011 there are 1,867 households with an average household size of 2.45. Population density (people per hectare) stands at 6.80. In 2011, 98% of citizens were white-British, 1% were mixed and 1% Asian. The majority of citizens identify as Christian. The average life expectancy in North Weald is 80–82 years. In terms of housing, over 28% of residents own their home, with
8466-595: The position is in 2019. Hastingwood is one of the seats on the Epping Forest District Council to have only one councillor. The village is governed by a parish council. The parish council covers the North Weald Bassett parish and represents the settlements of North Weald, Thornwood , Hastingwood, Tyler's Green and Foster Street . Fifteen unelected councillors are part of the council. The council manages such things as local cemeteries, green space, recreational grounds, and allotments. The highest parts of
8568-465: The practice of partisan appointments to the Senate. The efforts to increase senatorial independence have led some to argue the Senate has developed an increase of importance and power in the legislative process. As of 2021, it was found that Canadian senators were facing increasing pressure from lobbying groups on a variety of issues, suggesting the more independent Senate has a greater perceived influence over legislative issues. Additionally, following
8670-454: The resources of the major parties. As a result, there are seldom more than one or two independent MPs within modern Canadian Parliaments, with many who do sit as such being initially elected as a part of a major party before either leaving voluntarily or being removed. In the first year of the 44th Canadian Parliament , the House of Commons featured one sitting independent member: Kevin Vuong , from
8772-481: The seven that have been formed since the 2004 federal election ) with independent MPs sometimes sharing in the balance of power . While traditionally framed as an "independent body of sober second thought", appointments to the Senate of Canada prior to 2016 were commonly seen as highly partisan, with the majority of Canadian senators identifying themselves as members of either the Liberal or Conservative parties and serving within their party's caucus. As these have been
8874-417: The station and North Weald village. Independent politician Some politicians have political views that do not align with the platforms of any political party and therefore choose not to affiliate with them. Some independent politicians may be associated with a party, perhaps as former members of it or else have views that align with it, but choose not to stand in its name, or are unable to do so because
8976-589: The total votes cast. Independent Senators are quite rare. In 2010, a group of independent MPs who were sacked from the People's Justice Party formed a political block called Konsensus Bebas . The members were Zahrain Mohamed Hashim (Bayan Baru), Wee Choo Keong (Wangsa Maju), Zulkifli Noordin (Kulim-Bandar Bharu), Tan Tee Beng (Nibong Tebal) and Mohsin Fadzli Samsuri (Bagan Serai). It did not last beyond
9078-578: The trend normal in rural Essex until about 1861: there was an increase to 886 in 1831 and a subsequent slight decrease. But between 1861 and 1901, when the agricultural depression was depopulating most villages, the population of North Weald rose from 842 to 1,135. This was clearly due to the coming of the railway in 1865. New places of worship in the 19th century were the Congregational chapel in Weald Bridge Road, built about 1830 but closed about 1874,
9180-550: The village worked in construction, followed by 17.5% working in health and retail. Unemployment in Hastingwood stands at 2.8%. The population includes 50.7%, and 49.3% men. The majority of the population (22%) are between the ages of 45–59. The next largest age groups are those between the ages of 30-44 and 0–4. 1.2% of the village are aged 90+ years old. Hastingwood's public house is the Grade II listed Rainbow and Dove, which dates to
9282-485: The village, which encompass patches of surviving pre-18th-century and 18th- 19th-century fields and a large area of ancient landscape to the south of the village. Also to the west and east of North Weald Airfield, sensitive areas of historic landscape comprise surviving pre 18th century and 18th- 19th-century fields. Much was previously used for arable farming. Five areas with urban green-space character provide accessible areas for sport and recreation. As of 2001 census
9384-454: The village, was completed in 1980. Hastingwood has seen various businesses established, St Clare's Hospice was established at the south of the village and opened by Baroness Jay of Paddington in 1990. The chapel of ease has since been converted to a dwelling. Hastingwood is represented at Westminster by Robert Halfon , MP for Harlow . This is considered a marginal constituency but since 2010 has become increasingly Conservative. Locally it
9486-457: The wood. Norden 's Map of Essex , 1594, does not show North Weald as a densely wooded parish. In 1777 there was apparently no woodland there apart from Weald Hall Coppice. This is specially interesting in view of the survival of large woods in neighbouring parishes. Weald Hall Coppice still survives, and there is also a small wood at Canes farm. North Weald formed 1,739 acres of the Ongar Hundred. The ancient manor houses were Weald Hall, near
9588-577: Was an important fighter station during the Battle of Britain, when it was known as the RAF Station RAF North Weald. Latton Priory was a small priory of Augustinian Canons Regular, the remains of which are a Grade II* listed building. Paris Hall is a 16th-century Grade II* listed house. In 1086 North Weald was one of the most thickly wooded places in Essex. Peter de Valognes' manor in North Weald
9690-460: Was formerly listed as 'Hazelwood' due to its proximity to a local copse of hazel trees in the Paris Hall estate. It was renamed Hastingwood in around the 1700s. The village served as Oliver Cromwell 's armoury during the English Civil War in 1645. Hastingwood has large flint deposits which were utilised in the production of weaponry and armour. During this period the main estate of Paris Hall
9792-402: Was incorporated into a new two-member Epping Lindsey and Thornwood Common seats, whilst Hastingwood, Foster Street, and Harlow Common were adopted into a new Hastingwood, Matching & Sheering Village single-member seat. In 2024, boundary changes saw the seat reformed under the original parish boundaries with Hastingwood, Thornwood, and North Weald (and the other smaller villages) brought under
9894-406: Was incorporated into the North Weald Bassett parish and removed from the Harlow Hundred. Between the 1940s and 50s the 'Rainbow and Dove' was used as a dance hall but eventually this ended. The old, disused farm buildings used by 'The Rainbow and Dove' were demolished in 1954 leaving only the main farm house which is now a public house and restaurant. The M11 motorway , which runs near the west of
9996-663: Was met with controversy because many voters had not known that the Liberals had expelled him before casting their votes. In 2022, Alain Rayes , MP for the Quebec riding of Richmond—Arthabaska , resigned from the Conservative caucus to sit as an independent, becoming the second independent MP of the 44th Parliament. Independent politicians have on occasion held considerable sway in the House of Commons of Canada in recent years, as Canada has been governed by successive minority governments (five of
10098-488: Was rebuilt (1600). Since 1777, the village has undergone expansion. The majority of the growth in Hastingwood centred around the common on Hastingwood Road. In this period, Hastingwood Farm (currently the Rainbow and Dove) was erected as a timber framed farmhouse. There was further building development in the 19th century. Hastingwood House was erected in 1840 as a large gault brick house with farming rights. The inclosure of
10200-422: Was reelected in 2018 and is running again in 2024 . During the presidency of Joe Biden , former members of Democratic Party Kyrsten Sinema and Joe Manchin joined Sanders and King and became Independent Democrats . They are viewed as moderate Democrats and cited increasing partisanship to explain their decisions. After they changed their affiliations, the Senate had the highest number of independents in
10302-424: Was said to contain woodland sufficient for 1,500 swine, showing how wooded the area was. The 'wood of Henry of Essex ' in North Weald was mentioned in 1248. In 1260 Philip Basset , Henry's successor as lord of the manor, complained that many robberies were being done in this wood near the road between Ongar and Waltham , and he secured the king's permission to assart (turn forestry into arable land) 6 acres of
10404-424: Was undeniably down when compared to the Senate prior to the reforms. It is generally thought that it will only be possible to judge the success of the attempted reforms accurately when a non-Liberal government is elected to the House of Commons, at which point it can be observed if the noted trend in voting represents simple loyalty to the government, or loyalty to the Liberal Party. The territorial legislatures of
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