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45-468: The Harraseeket Historic District encompasses some of the oldest maritime village areas of the town of Freeport, Maine . It includes properties along both banks of the tidal Harraseeket River , from the Mast Landing area (roughly where Bow Street crosses the river) in the north to Wolf Neck and the villages of Porter's (or Bartol's) Landing and South Freeport on the west bank of the river. The district

90-412: A century later, the simple box form of mast was arrived at. Although sailing ships were superseded by engine-powered ships in the 19th century, recreational sailing ships and yachts continue to be designed and constructed. In the 1930s aluminum masts were introduced on large J-class yachts . An aluminum mast has considerable advantages over a wooden one: it is lighter and slimmer than a wooden one of

135-522: A fundamental transformation in Mediterranean navigation: the lateen which had long evolved on smaller Greco-Roman craft replaced the square rig , the chief sail type of the ancients, that practically disappeared from the record until the 14th century (while it remained dominant in northern Europe). The dromon , the lateen-rigged and oared bireme of the Byzantine navy , almost certainly had two masts,

180-571: A larger foremast and one midships. Their length has been estimated at 12 m and 8 m respectively, somewhat smaller than the Sicilian war galleys of the time. Multiple-masted sailing ships were reintroduced into the Mediterranean Sea by the Late Middle Ages . Large vessels were coming more and more into use and the need for additional masts to control these ships adequately grew with

225-536: A prestige object commissioned by king Hiero II of Syracuse and devised by the polymath Archimedes around 240 BC, and other Syracusan merchant ships of the time. The imperial grain freighters travelling the routes between Alexandria and Rome also included three-masted vessels. A mosaic in Ostia (c. 200 AD) depicts a freighter with a three-masted rig entering Rome's harbour. Special craft could carry many more masts: Theophrastus ( Hist. Plant. 5.8.2) records how

270-463: A sizable foresail rigged on a slightly inclined foremast is depicted in an Etruscan tomb painting from 475 to 450 BC. An artemon ( Greek for foresail) almost the same size as the galley 's mainsail can be found on a Corinthian krater as early as the late 6th century BC; apart from that Greek longships are uniformly shown without it until the 4th century BC. In the East, ancient Indian Kingdoms like

315-436: A steel mast of an equivalent strength can be smaller in diameter than an aluminum mast, allowing less turbulence and a better airflow onto the sail. From the mid-1990s racing yachts introduced the use of carbon fibre and other composite materials to construct masts with even better strength-to-weight ratios. Carbon fibre masts could also be constructed with more precisely engineered aerodynamic profiles. Modern masts form

360-414: A store in the basement of his brother's apparel shop at Freeport Corner, selling the " Bean Boot " (or Maine Hunting Shoe). This store, L. L. Bean , became so popular that in 1951 it started remaining open 24 hours a day. Its retail and mail order catalog facilities expanded into Freeport's principal business, and a worldwide company with annual sales of over a billion dollars. The L.L. Bean flagship store

405-625: Is a Queen Anne structure. The Ambrose Curtis House is a transitional Greek Revival-Italianate house, with a colonnaded facade and Italianate brackets. Also notable in the district are buildings of the Soule Shipyard, dating to the 1830s. Freeport, Maine Freeport is a town in Cumberland County , Maine , United States. Freeport is included in the Lewiston-Auburn , Maine metropolitan New England City and town area. The population

450-583: Is the Capt. Greenfield Pote House , a little-altered saltbox built in the mid-18th century. Porter's Landing , earlier known as Bartol's Landing for the family that owned land in the area, is located on the west side of the Harraseeket, south of Mast Landing. It includes a cohesive grouping of Federal and Greek Revival housing, built mainly in the early 19th century. These houses tend to be larger and with more elaborate detail than those found at Mast Landing. Unusual in

495-523: Is the anchor to outlet shopping in the town of Freeport. The town sees about 3.5 million visitors annually, spending $ 308 million in 2015 alone. L.L. Bean, for its part, has invested heavily in activities for both visitors and residents, including their Outdoor Discovery Schools , and their Summer Concert Series, which has attracted artists such as Edwin McCain , Great Big Sea , Buckwheat Zydeco , and Rockapella . In 1982, McDonald's made plans to tear down

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540-431: Is the mainmast. This contrasts with a ketch or a yawl , where the after mast, and its principal sail, is clearly the smaller of the two, so the terminology is (from forward) mainmast and mizzen. (In a yawl, the term "jigger" is occasionally used for the aftermast.) Some two-masted luggers have a fore-mast and a mizzen-mast – there is no main-mast. This is because these traditional types used to have three masts, but it

585-601: The Kalinga from as early as 2nd century are believed to have commanded naval sail ships. One of the earliest documented evidence of Indian sail building comes from the mural of the three-masted ship in Ajanta caves that date back to 400–500 CE. The foremast became fairly common on Roman galleys , where, inclined at an angle of 45°, it was more akin to a bowsprit , and the foresail set on it, reduced in size, seems to be used rather as an aid to steering than for propulsion. While most of

630-747: The Köppen climate classification system, Freeport has a warm-summer humid continental climate , abbreviated "Dfb" on climate maps. Both U.S. 1 and Interstate-295 run directly through Freeport, the latter with three exits northbound (20, 22 and 24) and two exits southbound (22 and 20). Amtrak 's Downeaster train service stops at Freeport station with service to the Portland Transportation Center and Boston's North Station . Greater Portland Metro 's BREEZ provides bus service between Brunswick and Portland, with four stops in Freeport. As of

675-522: The National Register of Historic Places . At the head of tide on the Harraseeket River is Mast Landing, from which timber was shipped, particularly for use as masts . The estuary was dammed to provide water power for a gristmill , sawmill and fulling mill, with modest manufacturing and woodworking . Porter's Landing was involved in shipbuilding , important in Freeport following

720-610: The Revolutionary War . The industry reached its peak in the decade between 1850 and 1860, but declined with the Civil War . South Freeport , the largest of the waterfront villages, once had four shipyards . Other businesses included fishing , canning and farming . In 1903, the Casco Castle was built here by Amos Gerald to encourage travel by trolley cars. The hotel burned in 1914, but its tower still stands. Freeport Corner

765-533: The Romans imported Corsican timber by way of a huge raft propelled by as many as fifty masts and sails. Throughout antiquity , both foresail and mizzen remained secondary in terms of canvas size, although large enough to require full running rigging . In late antiquity , the foremast lost most of its tilt, standing nearly upright on some ships. By the onset of the Early Middle Ages , rigging had undergone

810-536: The United States Census Bureau , the town has a total area of 46.47 square miles (120.36 km ), of which 34.70 square miles (89.87 km ) is land and 11.77 square miles (30.48 km ) is water. Situated at the northeastern extremity of Casco Bay , Freeport is drained by the Harraseeket River . Freeport borders Brunswick and Durham to the north, Pownal to the west, and Yarmouth to

855-489: The census of 2010, there were 7,879 people, 3,209 households, and 2,173 families residing in the town. The population density was 227.1 inhabitants per square mile (87.7/km ). There were 3,690 housing units at an average density of 106.3 per square mile (41.0/km ). The racial makeup of the town was 95.2% White , 0.6% African American , 0.4% Native American , 2.3% Asian , 0.2% from other races , and 1.4% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.1% of

900-472: The pintle -and- gudgeon rudder , all advanced ship design technology necessary for the great transoceanic voyages was in place by the beginning of the 15th century. The first hollow mast was fitted on the American sloop Maria in 1845, 28 m (92 ft) long and built of staves bound with iron hoops like a barrel. Other hollow masts were made from two tapered timbers hollowed and glued together. Nearly

945-513: The Gore House, an 1850s Greek Revival house to build one of its stores. Outcry from residents caused the town to adopt new ordinances concerning what businesses could and could not do with their buildings, and McDonald's built the restaurant inside the house and opened it in 1984, maintaining the exterior appearance. This was one of the first times that McDonald's had been forced to change its restaurant design to fit local requirements. According to

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990-471: The West, the concept of a ship carrying more than one mast, to give it more speed under sail and to improve its sailing qualities, evolved in northern Mediterranean waters: The earliest foremast has been identified on an Etruscan pyxis from Caere , Italy , dating to the mid-7th century BC: a warship with a furled mainsail is engaging an enemy vessel, deploying a foresail . A two-masted merchant vessel with

1035-423: The ancient evidence is iconographic, the existence of foremasts can also be deduced archaeologically from slots in foremast-feets located too close to the prow for a mainsail. Artemon , along with mainsail and topsail , developed into the standard rig of seagoing vessels in imperial times , complemented by a mizzen on the largest freighters. The earliest recorded three-masters were the giant Syracusia ,

1080-504: The area is the Lane-Porter House, a Federal-period duplex with later Greek Revival alterations. Rufus Soule built many ships here after purchasing the yard in 1834. South Freeport lies south of Porter's Landing, and has the largest concentration of historic resources of the area. The buildings in this area are predominantly Greek Revival or of later 19th-century revival styles. The South Freeport Congregational Church, built in 1884,

1125-403: The average family size was 2.93. In the town, the population was spread out, with 25.2% under the age of 18, 5.0% from 18 to 24, 29.4% from 25 to 44, 27.6% from 45 to 64, and 12.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 94.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 89.9 males. The median income for a household in the town

1170-444: The deck, into which a mast is fixed, with a pivot near the top so that the mast can be lowered"; "large bracket attached firmly to the deck, to which the foot of the mast is fixed; it has two sides or cheeks and a bolt forming the pivot around which the mast is raised and lowered"; "substantial fitting for mounting the mast on deck, so that it can be lowered easily for trailering or for sailing under bridges", "hinged device allowing for

1215-495: The easy folding of a mast 90 degrees from perpendicular, as for transporting the boat on a trailer, or passing under a bridge" The oldest evidence for the use of masts comes from the Ubaid period site of H3 in Kuwait, dating to the second half of the sixth millennium BC. Here, a clay disc made from a sherd that appears to depict a reed bundle boat with two masts has been recovered. In

1260-476: The increase in tonnage. Unlike in antiquity, the mizzen-mast was adopted on medieval two-masters earlier than the foremast, a process which can be traced back by pictorial evidence from Venice and Barcelona to the mid-14th century. To balance out the sail plan the next obvious step was to add a mast fore of the main-mast, which first appears in a Catalan ink drawing from 1409. With the three-masted ship established, propelled by square rig and lateen, and guided by

1305-471: The leading edge of a sail's airfoil and tend to have a teardrop-shaped cross-section. On smaller racing yachts and catamarans, the mast rotates to the optimum angle for the sail's airfoil. If the mast has a long, thin cross-section and makes up a significant area of the airfoil, it is called a wing-mast; boats using these have a smaller sail area to compensate for the larger mast area. There are many manufacturers of modern masts for sailing yachts of all sizes,

1350-494: The lower sections sufficient thickness necessitated building them up from separate pieces of wood. Such a section was known as a made mast , as opposed to sections formed from single pieces of timber, which were known as pole masts . Those who specialised in making masts were known as mastmakers . For square-sail carrying ships , masts in their standard names in bow to stern (front to back) order, are: Some names given to masts in ships carrying other types of rig (where

1395-507: The mid-19th century, all vessels' masts were made of wood formed from a single or several pieces of timber which typically consisted of the trunk of a conifer tree. From the 16th century, vessels were often built of a size requiring masts taller and thicker than from single tree trunks. On these larger vessels, to achieve the required height, the masts were built from up to four sections (also called masts). From lowest to highest, these were called: lower, top, topgallant, and royal masts. Giving

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1440-405: The naming is less standardised) are: When a vessel has two masts, as a general rule, the main mast is the one setting the largest sail. Therefore, in a brig , the forward mast is the foremast and the after mast is the mainmast. In a schooner with two masts, even if the masts are of the same height, the after one usually carries a larger sail (because a longer boom can be used), so the after mast

1485-408: The population. There were 3,065 households, out of which 34.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 57.5% were married couples living together, 9.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 29.8% were non-families. Of all households, 22.4% were made up of individuals, and 7.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.49 and

1530-440: The population. There were 3,209 households, of which 32.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 55.8% were married couples living together, 8.2% had a female householder with no husband present, 3.7% had a male householder with no wife present, and 32.3% were non-families. Of all households, 25.1% were made up of individuals, and 10% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size

1575-405: The same strength, is impervious to rot, and can be produced as a single extruded length. During the 1960s wood was eclipsed by aluminum. Aluminum alloys, generally 6000 series, are commonly utilised. Recently some sailing yachts (particularly home-built yachts) have begun to use steel masts. Whilst somewhat heavier than aluminum, steel has its own set of advantages. It is significantly cheaper, and

1620-485: The southwest. Freeport also shares small borders with Cumberland and Harpswell in Casco Bay. Cumberland and Harpswell are not connected to Freeport by roads, but since Freeport's town border ranges out into Casco Bay, the other towns' borders meet Freeport's. This climatic region is typified by large seasonal temperature differences, with warm, often humid summers and cold (sometimes severely cold) winters. According to

1665-562: The survivors is the Pettengill House and Farm , one of the finest examples of a traditional New England saltbox in Maine, some of whose farm acreage has preserved its setting. Four other houses survive in the area from the early 19th century. Wolfe's Neck is a peninsula which separates the Harraseeket River from the rest of Casco Bay . This area has retained much rural character, with a number of 18th and 19th-century houses. The most notable

1710-433: The town. The population density was 224.8 inhabitants per square mile (86.8/km ). There were 3,276 housing units at an average density of 94.4 per square mile (36.4/km ). The racial makeup of the town was 97.22% White , 0.42% Black or African American , 0.31% Native American , 1.04% Asian , 0.04% Pacific Islander , 0.33% from other races , and 0.64% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.74% of

1755-449: Was $ 52,023, and the median income for a family was $ 58,134. Males had a median income of $ 41,703 versus $ 27,490 for females. The per capita income for the town was $ 27,724. About 4.0% of families and 5.9% of the population were below the poverty line , including 7.0% of those under age 18 and 10.4% of those age 65 or over. Freeport is part of Regional school unit #5. Public schools Private schools Mast (sailing) Until

1800-434: Was 2.40 and the average family size was 2.89. The median age in the town was 45 years. 22.8% of residents were under the age of 18; 5.3% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 22% were from 25 to 44; 34.7% were from 45 to 64; and 15.3% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the town was 47.4% male and 52.6% female. As of the census of 2000, there were 7,800 people, 3,065 households, and 2,151 families residing in

1845-520: Was 8,737 at the 2020 census . Once home to a prominent shipbuilding industry, timber operations, and farming, it is now known for its numerous outlet stores; Freeport is home to L.L. Bean , Wolfe's Neck Woods State Park , and the Desert of Maine . Freeport is part of the Portland – South Portland – Biddeford , Maine metropolitan statistical area . The Harraseeket Historic District is in Freeport. The town

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1890-419: Was an inland village for farming and trade , but the 1849 entrance of the railroad helped it develop into the town's commercial center, which it remains. In the 19th century, fabric was sent from New York and Boston to be made into clothing by local piece workers. Businessman E. B. Mallet established here a sawmill, brickyard , granite quarry and large shoe factory . In 1912, Leon Leonwood Bean opened

1935-402: Was found convenient to dispense with the main-mast and carry larger sails on the remaining masts. This gave more working room, particularly on fishing vessels. On square-rigged vessels, each mast carries several horizontal yards from which the individual sails are rigged . Folding mast ships use a tabernacle anchor point. Definitions include: "the partly open socket or double post on

1980-427: Was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974. The Mast Landing area was an important maritime site in Maine in the mid-18th century. It was here that trees felled for the purposes of being used as ship masts were brought from the Maine interior for shipment to England. By the late 18th century a small village had grown up in this area, most of whose surviving elements are now in ruins. Notable among

2025-502: Was once a part of North Yarmouth called Harraseeket, after the Harraseeket River . First settled about 1700, it was set off and incorporated on February 14, 1789, as Freeport. It is probably named "from the openness of its harbor" (free from ice). Freeport developed as four villages—Mast Landing, Porter's Landing, South Freeport and Freeport Corner—all of which are now part of the Harraseeket Historic District , listed on

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