56-475: Harmar is a historic neighborhood in the city of Marietta , Ohio , United States . Located at the western side of the confluence of the Muskingum and Ohio Rivers, it grew up around the early Fort Harmar in the 1780s, being settled in conjunction with Marietta. After a period of forming part of Marietta, it existed separately beginning in 1837 before rejoining the mother city in 1890. Connected by bridge to
112-628: A steamboat for the 14 miles between the two towns and transfer. With help from the B&;O and the Baltimore City Council, the Union Railroad finally connected Marietta to Belpre, Ohio in 1860. Later absorbed by the B&O, this section of track is still in operation (2008), with unit coal trains providing most of the traffic. The planned bridge from Parkersburg across the Ohio River to Belpre
168-582: Is Susan Vessels. Marietta is represented by Republican Jay Edwards (District 94) and Republican Don Jones in the Ohio House of Representatives, and by Republican Brian Chavez (District 30) in the Ohio Senate. Marietta falls within Ohio's 6th congressional district , which is currently represented by Republican Michael Rulli . Marietta Historic District (Marietta, Ohio) The Marietta Historic District
224-658: Is a historic district in Marietta , Ohio , United States that is listed on the National Register of Historic Places . Among the buildings in the district are ones dating back to 1788, the year in which Marietta was founded as the first white settlement in what is now Ohio. Among its most significant buildings are the Rufus Putnam House and the Ohio Company Land Office , which are also separately listed on
280-464: Is a city in and the county seat of Washington County, Ohio , United States. It is located in southeastern Ohio at the confluence of the Muskingum and Ohio Rivers , 11 miles (18 km) northeast of Parkersburg, West Virginia . As of the 2020 census , Marietta has a population of 13,385 people. It is the principal city of the Marietta micropolitan area , which includes all of Washington County, and
336-554: Is characterized by humid summers, cold winters, and evenly distributed precipitation throughout the year that can not be accurately predicted because of the amount of water in the Ohio Valley. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Marietta has a Humid continental climate , abbreviated "Dfa" on climate maps. Eramet has released thousands of pounds of manganese and other hazardous air pollutants into
392-610: Is the second-largest city in the Parkersburg–Marietta–Vienna combined statistical area . Founded in 1788 by pioneers to the Ohio Country , Marietta was the first permanent U.S. settlement in the newly established Northwest Territory , created in 1787, and what would later become the state of Ohio. It is named for Marie Antoinette , then Queen of France, in honor of French aid in the American Revolution . The area
448-574: The American Civil War , the city was a station on the Underground Railroad . Succeeding Indigenous cultures lived along the Ohio River and its tributaries for thousands of years. Among them were more than one culture who built earthwork mounds, monuments which generally expressed their cosmology, often with links to astronomical events. Between 100 BC and AD 500, the Hopewell culture built
504-547: The Belpre and Cincinnati Railroad (B&C); it was founded in 1845. It was intended to connect from Belpre, Ohio , the next town downriver, to a planned Baltimore and Ohio Railroad (B&O) spur to Parkersburg . But, for years, the Virginia government did not allow the B&O to construct track south of Wheeling . In 1851 developers changed the Ohio state terminus to Marietta and changed
560-591: The Mississippi River and south to New Orleans and the Gulf of Mexico . In less than two decades after settlement, the steamboat had been developed, and was also constructed here. Brick factories and sawmills supplied materials for homes and public buildings. An iron mill, along with several foundries, provided rails for the growing railroad industry; the Marietta Chair Factory made furniture . Interest in
616-681: The Ohio River at Marietta. The area is part of the Appalachian Plateau which covers the eastern half of Ohio. The Appalachian Plateau consists of steep hills and valleys and is the most rugged area in the state. The area is within the ecoregion of the Western Allegheny Plateau . This portion of the state has some of Ohio's most abundant mineral deposits. Marietta was affected by the Great Flood of 1913 . The climate in this area
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#1733085134214672-517: The Indigenous people, he did not do so. Conflict increased as the Indigenous people tried to push the settlers out. After years of warfare in the region, they were defeated. The US signed the Treaty of Greenville (1795) with the Indigenous people, which secured the safety of settlers to leave the forts and develop their farms. The settlers held services regularly and chartered the first church in 1799. It
728-680: The Marietta, Columbus and Cleveland Railroad, among other local railroads. Cutler served as General Manager and as President of the M&;C for many years. In 1860, oil was first drilled in the Marietta region. Oil booms in 1875 and 1910 made investors rich, who constructed numerous lavish houses in town, of which many still stand. The Dawes brothers of Marietta founded the Pure Oil Company . All four brothers became nationally prominent businessmen or politicians: Charles Gates Dawes , Rufus C. Dawes , Beman Gates Dawes and Henry May Dawes . Charles Dawes
784-681: The Mississippi to Great Britain after the French and Indian War . Two of their plates were discovered in the Marietta area in 1798, and one was replicated for what is known as the French monument, erected in the 20th century (see photo). In 1770, the future U.S. president George Washington , then a surveyor , began exploring large tracts of land west of his native Virginia . During the Revolutionary War , Washington told his friend General Rufus Putnam of
840-608: The Muskingum River. Goodfest is a music festival held at Goodfellows Park. In 2023, Marietta installed a gallery of public murals by local artists, which reflected Marietta's history. Marietta has a public library, a branch of the Washington County Public Library. Marietta uses the mayor-council form of government. The mayor is a full-time position; the seven city council members and the city council president are all part-time positions. The council president
896-586: The Ohio Valley Railroad was formed and for the next two years built tracks going north for 103 miles. Their home office was in Marietta, with treasurer offices in Pittsburgh. The Ohio Valley railroad was reorganized as the Marietta and Cleveland. The Pennsylvania Railroad in its expansion later purchased the railroad and its right-of-way between Marietta and Bellaire. Passengers traveling between Marietta and Parkersburg, Virginia (now West Virginia) had to take
952-715: The Queen of France , who had aided the colonies in their battle for independence from Great Britain. The settlers immediately started construction of two forts: Campus Martius , whose former site is now occupied by the museum of the same name , and Picketed Point Stockade , at the confluence of the Muskingum and Ohio rivers. At the same time, the settlers started developing their community, platted according to plans they had made in Boston. In 1788, George Washington said: No colony in America
1008-453: The Register. When the district was added to the Register in 1974, it encompassed an area roughly bounded by the Muskingum and Ohio Rivers and Warren, Third, Fifth, and Sixth Streets. In 2001, some of its original boundaries were slightly reduced, but it was also expanded greatly to include an area roughly bounded by Marion, Montgomery, Ohio, Greene, Butler, and Second through Ninth Streets, and
1064-673: The US celebration of the Northwest Territory, France gave a plaque to the city of Marietta, which was installed on the French monument, to commemorate these young men and their service. In 1939, the Sons and Daughters of Pioneer Rivermen was established in Marietta during the Great Depression to celebrate the city's substantial river history and its people. Two years later the Ohio River Museum
1120-682: The United States signed the Treaty of Fort Harmar with several Indigenous tribes that occupied areas of the Northwest Territory , to settle issues related to trade, as well as the boundary between their lands and United States settlement. The US did not address the Indigenous people's major grievance about American settlers moving into their lands, particularly in the Western Reserve , where there were disputes over land. Although Congress authorized Governor Arthur St. Clair to give land back to
1176-533: The United States' first aluminum historical markers, and currently produces about 1,200 markers per year for historical societies across the country. Marietta is home of the longest-running ferromanganese refinery in North America, Eramet Marietta Industries Inc., the only ferromanganese refinery in the United States until recently , and leader in Manganese emissions. The annual Ohio River Sternwheel Festival
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#17330851342141232-510: The air. As of the 2010 census , there were 14,085 people, 5,828 households, and 3,215 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,670.8 inhabitants per square mile (645.1/km ). There were 6,519 housing units at an average density of 773.3 per square mile (298.6/km ). The racial makeup of the city was 94.9% White , 1.3% African American , 0.3% Native American , 1.4% Asian , 0.5% from other races , and 1.5% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.1% of
1288-595: The beauty he had seen in his travels through the Ohio Valley and of his ideas for settling the territory. In the summer of 1781, John Carpenter built Carpenter's Fort , or Carpenter's Station as it was sometimes called, a fortified house above the mouth of Short Creek on the Ohio side of the Ohio River, near present-day Marietta. After the American Revolutionary War , the U.S. sold or granted large tracts of land to stimulate development in this area. Marietta
1344-436: The desires of the residents, a legislative committee found itself to have been deceived after residents resolved almost unanimously to reject many of the provisions, and five days after Marietta's incorporation bill passed, the first act was repealed and replaced by a new act drafted to reflect the resolution of Harmar's electorate. This status continued until 1890, when the two municipalities were re-merged. The same year marked
1400-555: The end of Harmar's own legal school district, separate from the districts of Marietta and Marietta Township , which had been formed in 1866. On January 9, 1970, the neighborhood was the site of fire at the Harmar House Center nursing home, which ultimately killed 32 of the 46 residents. Architecturally, Harmar is a good example of Ohio communities planned in the nineteenth century. Its grid plan begins at Fort Harmar and proceeds along both rivers away from their confluence, with
1456-533: The first bridge was destroyed in the Great Flood of 1913 and a swing bridge constructed in its place, although the bridge has since been replaced by a newer span that opened in September 2000. State Route 7 formerly traversed the neighborhood, although the opening of the nearby Washington Street Bridge facilitated its rerouting away from the Putnam Street Bridge. In 1974, 60 acres (24 ha) of Harmar
1512-694: The first free crossing of the Muskingum River . As transportation advanced along railroads and highways, Marietta was initially passed by. From 1868 to 1870, the B & O Railroad built a bridge to connect Parkersburg, West Virginia and Belpre; and the National Road went further north through Zanesville . But the Pennsylvania Railroad expanded in the late 19th century and had a station in Marietta, running 26 daily trains between Marietta and Pittsburgh . After WWII passenger service decreased as
1568-404: The fort that garrison troops routinely watched their farming activities, and their ventures across the river were not always peaceful, as pioneer Robert Warth was murdered by Indians just west of the fort on the flat land that later became occupied by the neighborhood. Until 1800, neither side of the river had an official legal status, but an act of the Northwest Territory legislature incorporated
1624-454: The fort, while the later designation expanded the district to the base of the bluff at the far edges of the neighborhood. Not all of the contributing properties are still in existence, as the destroyed Putnam Street Bridge was included in the district, but the replacement span was designed to be compatible with the architecture of Harmar to the west and the larger Marietta Historic District at its eastern end. Marietta, Ohio Marietta
1680-469: The multi-earthwork complex on the terrace east of the Muskingum River near its mouth with the Ohio. It is now known as the Marietta Earthworks. Developed over many years, it had a large enclosed square, within which were four platform mounds, used for ceremonial purposes and elite residential; another square, and a larger conical mound used for burials. A walled, graded path led to the river's edge. By
1736-402: The name of the railroad to the Marietta and Cincinnati Railroad that year. The right-of-way for an alternate connection to the B&O extended upriver from Marietta to Bellaire, Ohio . The M&C was bankrupt by 1857, but construction of track continued west to reach Cincinnati . The first through-train from Cincinnati ran on April 9, 1857. The M&C got out of bankruptcy in 1860. In 1871,
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1792-523: The new government decided to pay veterans of the Revolution with warrants for land in the Northwest Territory , which was organized under federal authority in 1787 by the Northwest Ordinance . Competing states had agreed to end their claims to the lands; Pennsylvania and Virginia received some lands in a settlement. Arthur St. Clair was appointed by the president as governor of the new territory. He
1848-498: The plan of the original complex, which "included a large square enclosure surrounding four flat-topped pyramidal mounds, another smaller square, and a circular enclosure with a large burial mound at its center." The walled, graded path, called by the settlers the Sacra Via , led from the largest enclosure to the lower river's edge. This pathway was destroyed in 1843 during mid-nineteenth century development. Local development began with
1904-442: The population. There were 5,828 households, of which 25.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 37.9% were married couples living together, 13.0% had a female householder with no husband present, 4.3% had a male householder with no wife present, and 44.8% were non-families. 37.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 15.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size
1960-676: The prehistoric culture that built the Marietta Earthworks continued. The complex was surveyed and drawn by Ephraim George Squier and Edwin Hamilton Davis , whose large project on numerous prehistoric mounds throughout the Ohio and Mississippi valleys was published by the Smithsonian Institution in 1848 as Ancient Monuments of the Mississippi Valley . It was the first book published by the Smithsonian. Their drawing above shows
2016-496: The railroads restructured and the federal government invested in highway construction. The last rail passenger service ended in 1953. Marietta was relatively isolated from new travel routes until 1967, when I-77 was opened with close access to the city. Before the United States entered World War I, a group of 23 young men went from Marietta College to serve in France in 1917 as an ambulance unit; four died in battle. In 1937–1938, during
2072-486: The rest of the city, it retains much of its nineteenth-century architecture and landscape, and most of the neighborhood is now a historic district on the National Register of Historic Places . The first pioneers of Marietta landed in April 1788, beginning by building cabins and planting crops along the river. They generally lived on the eastern side of the Muskingum, across from Fort Harmar, but their farms were close enough to
2128-495: The settled areas of both sides as the town of Marietta, effective January 1, 1801. Decades later, disagreements with city leaders prompted Harmar residents to request separation from the rest of the city, and on January 5, 1837, the General Assembly passed an act incorporating Point Harmar separately from Marietta, which itself was reincorporated by an act of March 13, 1837. Believing the bill's provisions to be in accord with
2184-567: The time of the historic tribes, such as the Shawnee , the purposes and makers of the monuments were no longer known. French explorers entered this area in the 18th century, and in 1749 buried numerous leaden plates to mark their claim to the Ohio Country (which they called the Illinois Territory, as they had more settlements near the Mississippi River .) They later ceded their territory east of
2240-544: The wide tree-lined streets being oriented north-south and east-west rather than paralleling the rivers. Houses in the neighborhood include examples of various nineteenth-century architectural styles; the Federal , Greek Revival , and Gothic Revival styles are most significant, and the Colonial Revival and Italianate styles are also common. Since 1880, Harmar has been connected by bridge to Putnam Street in Marietta proper;
2296-436: Was 2.14 and the average family size was 2.80. The median age in the city was 39 years. 18.9% of residents were under the age of 18; 16% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 21.1% were from 25 to 44; 25.7% were from 45 to 64; and 18.4% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 46.9% male and 53.1% female. Sewah Studios, a producer of historical markers, was founded in Marietta in 1927. The company produced
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2352-482: Was a Congregational institution; its charter was unusually inclusive due to the varied religious backgrounds of its members. The congregation constructed the first church building in 1807. The original church burned in 1905 and another constructed in its place in 1906. The church, First Congregational Church United Church of Christ, is the longest continuously worshiping congregation west of the Alleghenies. Education
2408-556: Was a Congregationalist church, founded around 1786. Before the mid-1790s services were held at the fort or in Munsell's Hall at nearby Point Harmar. In 1798 the Muskingum Academy was built on the site of the 19th century Marietta Congregationalist Church. The academy building served both educational and religious purposes. After the war, the newly formed United States had little cash but plenty of land. Eager to develop additional lands,
2464-492: Was designated the Harmar Historic District and listed on the National Register of Historic Places . Forty-two buildings, plus the fort site and one object , were included in the district as contributing properties . In 1993, the district was expanded by the addition of more than two hundred contributing properties over an area of approximately 150 acres (61 ha); the original district protected areas closer to
2520-489: Was developed as the site for the city library. As of 1900, the Mound Cemetery had the highest number of burials of Revolutionary War officers in the nation, indicating the nature of the generation that settled Marietta. Marietta's location on two major navigable rivers made it ideal for industry and commerce . Boat building was one of the early industries. Artisans built oceangoing vessels and sailed them downriver to
2576-568: Was elected in 1924 with President Calvin Coolidge to serve as the 30th Vice President of the United States (1925–1929). In 1925, he shared the Nobel Peace Prize , based on his work on the Dawes Plan and relieving an international crisis in 1923 related to German reparations after World War I . In 1880, the first Putnam Street Bridge was opened to connect Marietta to Fort Harmar. It provided
2632-415: Was ever settled under such favorable auspices as that which has just commenced at the Muskingum. ... If I was a young man, just preparing to begin the world, or if advanced in life and had a family to make provision for, I know of no country where I should rather fix my habitation.... The families of the settlers began arriving within a few months. By the end of 1788, 137 people populated the area. In 1789,
2688-511: Was finally built 1868–1870 by the B&O, as part of its main line from Baltimore to St. Louis, Missouri . This cut Marietta off from traffic and trade, although it retained local and Ohio service. In the early 20th century, 24 passenger trains served Marietta each day, most of which ran on the PRR tracks. William P. Cutler was a major figure in the M&C. He also backed the Union Railroad and
2744-546: Was founded by settlers from New England who were investors in the Ohio Company of Associates . It was the first of numerous New England settlements in what was then the Northwest Territory . These New Englanders, or " Yankees " as they were called, were descended from the Puritan English colonists who had settled New England in the 1600s and were primarily Congregationalists . The first church constructed in Marietta
2800-555: Was founded in 1976, and features Sternwheeler ships gathering on the Ohio River in Marietta. The event attracts an estimated 100,000 attendees per year. Other boating events include the Ralph Lindamood Memorial Regatta, the Marietta Invitational Regatta, and the "Head of the Muskingum". A Marietta Civil War Reenactment is held annually, and features Union and Confederate reenactors battling across
2856-471: Was important to the settlers, many of whom had been officers during the Revolution. During that first winter, they began a basic school for the children at Campus Martius. In 1797, settlers founded Muskingum Academy. The town had numerous abolitionists , and Ephraim Cutler was instrumental as a state delegate in 1802 at the state convention in swaying the vote for the state to be free of slavery. Townspeople organized and chartered Marietta College in 1835. It
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#17330851342142912-563: Was inaugurated on a site now marked by the Start Westward Memorial . The Ohio Company of Associates had supported provisions in the ordinance to allow veterans to use their warrants to purchase the land. They bought 1.5 million acres (6,100 km ) of land from Congress . On April 7, 1788, 48 men of the Ohio Company of Associates, led by General Putnam, arrived at the confluence of the Muskingum and Ohio rivers. The site
2968-471: Was inhabited by various native tribes of the Hopewell tradition , who built the Marietta Earthworks , a complex more than 1,500 years old, whose Great Mound and other major monuments were preserved by the earliest settlers in parks such as Mound Cemetery . Since 1835 the city has been home to Marietta College , a private, nonsectarian liberal arts school with approximately 1,200 students. Leading up to
3024-780: Was on the east side of the Muskingum River, across from Fort Harmar , a military outpost built three years prior. Bringing with them the first government sanctioned by the US for this area, they established the first permanent United States settlement in the Northwest Territory . (Older European settlements in the Northwest Territory region include Sault Ste. Marie, Michigan , 1668; Cahokia, Illinois , 1696, Detroit , 1701; Kaskaskia, Illinois , 1703, Ouiatenon, Indiana , 1717, Prairie du Rocher, Illinois , 1720; Vincennes, Indiana , 1732, Clarksville, Indiana , 1783, Martin's Ferry, Ohio , 1785, Fort Finney/ Jeffersonville, Indiana , 1786, most settled by ethnic French colonists from Canada.) The Americans named Marietta in honor of Marie Antoinette ,
3080-507: Was opened. In 1972, the museum campus was totally redesigned. The 2016 Ohio State of the State address was held at People's Bank Theater on April 6. The speech was given by governor John Kasich . According to the U.S. Census Bureau , the city has a total area of 8.75 square miles (22.66 km ), of which 8.43 square miles (21.83 km ) is land and 0.32 square miles (0.83 km ) is water. The Muskingum River and Duck Creek flow into
3136-426: Was used as a station on the Underground Railroad to help slaves escape from the South. Ohio University was founded earlier in Athens , on land reserved for public education under the Northwest Ordinance. The settlers preserved the Great Mound, or Conus, by planning their own cemetery around it. They also preserved the two largest platform mounds, which they called Capitolinus and Quadrophenus. The former
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