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21-508: Harian Rakjat ( EYD : Harian Rakyat , lit. 'People's Daily') was an Indonesian newspaper published by the Communist Party of Indonesia (PKI) from 1951 to 1965. The Harian Rakjat motto was "Untuk rakjat hanya ada satu harian, Harian Rakjat!" ('For the people there is only one daily, Harian Rakjat!'). Harian Rakyat was managed by Njoto as a member of the editorial board and Mula Naibaho as editor in chief. Harian Rakjat

42-522: A bold and offensive stance against its opponents. Its simple, agile, and forthright language style – in accordance with the teachings of Marxism and Leninism – was easily understood by the peasants and workers who were the basis of the PKI support. Harian Rakjat was seen as the defender of the Sukarno 's Political Manifesto ( Manipol ). While the right-wing or conservative newspapers were not too concerned about

63-507: A few may also come from other parts of speech, such as Indonesian mag 'gastritis' is actually pronounced as [max] or even [mah] , deriving from Dutch maag ; and bus pronounced as [bəs] or [bɪs] also from Dutch bus . Various minor changes were announced after 1975: Republican Spelling System The Republican Spelling System (in Indonesian : ejaan republik , when written in

84-511: Is a system of orthography released in 1972 to replace the preexisting Republican Spelling System ( RSS , also called the Soewandi Spelling System, SSS ). A joint initiative of Indonesia and neighboring country Malaysia (which also introduced the similar Joint Rumi Spelling system), the aim of the change in 1972 was to introduce greater harmonization of the Indonesian and Malay-language orthographies . The new EYD system, adopted on

105-547: Is also used as needed for Islamic subjects. Examples: This letter is also used in some placenames in Indonesia, derived from the local languages, e.g. Siluq Ngurai  [ id ] and Sekolaq Darat  [ id ] districts in West Kutai Regency , East Kalimantan . The writing of di- and ke- (affixes) can be distinguished from di and ke (prepositions), where di- and ke- are written together with

126-506: The 27th anniversary of Indonesia's independence on 17 August 1972, was decreed by President Suharto on the previous day. Government departments were instructed to begin using the EYD system on 1 January 1973. On 27 August 1975, the Minister of Education and Culture issued a decree which provided a detailed explanation of the changes in the new system and marked the official use of the EYD system. It

147-413: The PKI members and activists who supported the newspaper were hunted down, arrested, imprisoned, and even killed. The final words from the editor to its readers were, "Many-many thanks, all the readers!" The style of journalism carried by Harian Rakjat was 'confrontation journalism' with explosive/fiery language. Its editorials were confrontational, leading to conflicts with other media. It always took

168-497: The authorities. Because its message was considered to have violated the rules imposed by the government of the time, Harian Rakjat was occasionally banned. The first ban occurs lasted for 23 hours, between 13 September 1957, at 21.00 and 14 September 1957, at 20:00. Other newspapers, such as Indonesia Raya , Bintang Timur , Pemuda Merdeka , Djiwa Baru , Pedoman , Keng Po , and Java Bode , as well as three news agencies: Antara , PIA, and INPS were banned for

189-551: The current spelling system, or edjaan Republik , when written in this spelling system) or Soewandi Spelling (in Indonesian: ejaan Suwandi , when written in the current spelling system, or edjaan Suwandi , when written in this spelling system) was the orthography used for Indonesian from 17 March 1947 until 1972. This spelling replaced the earlier spelling system, the Van Ophuijsen Spelling System , which

210-572: The lack of consistent norms, particularly in the spelling of foreign and semi-naturalized words, and partly the lack of distinction between certain phonemes, which made the teaching of a correct pronunciation more difficult than it needed to be. The Republican Spelling System was in force from 1947 until 1972, when it was replaced by the Enhanced Spelling System ( Ejaan yang Disempurnakan , EYD ) when Mashuri Saleh became Minister of Education and Culture. On 23 May 1972, Mashuri legalized

231-412: The manifesto, Harian Rakjat became the manifesto's propaganda mouthpiece. It remained anti-imperialist , and considered the right-wing newspapers to have insulted Sukarno for not supporting the manifesto. Harian Rakjat took the stance that it would not publish any writing that was contrary to the ideas of the revolution. Enhanced Indonesian Spelling System The Perfected Spelling system

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252-567: The newspaper was banned again by the War Authority ( Penguasa Perang ). This time, the reason was not so clear. This led to the Harian Rakjat circulation expansion led by PKI officials D.N. Aidit , M.H. Lukman, and other PKI activists, who directly took to the streets. On 9 December 1959, Harian Rakjat was banned again for a story about "Njoto's 23 November lecture in the SBKA building", which

273-460: The question of democracy and political freedom. According to the War Authority, this could disrupt political stability in Indonesia. After the events of the 30 September Movement in 1965, all dailies published in Jakarta were banned, except the military-owned Angkatan Bersendjata and Berita Yudha . On 3 October 1965, Harian Rakjat finally ceased publication. It was not only disbanded: all

294-534: The same time period. The ban was repeated on 16 July 1959, for a month because the paper published the PKI Central Committee statement of 3 July, entitled "Evaluation after one year of the Working Cabinet does not guarantee the implementation of the 3 chapters program, so they should be retooled immediately". On 2 August 1959, a month after the ban, Harian Rakjat returned to print. On 2 November 1959,

315-524: The usage of the EYD, replacing the Republican system. This event was marked by changing the road sign at the front of his office from Djl Tjilatjap to Jl. Cilacap (Cilacap street). The differences between the Van Ophuijsen Spelling System and this system are: This article related to the Latin script is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . This article about Malayic languages

336-591: The use of the superscripted number "2" as used in the Republican Spelling is no longer valid. The practice remains common in informal usage such as in text messaging. Exceptions mostly come from proper nouns. Many personal names, particularly of younger people, do not follow the orthographic rules (see Indonesian names ). The common spelling variations include doubled letters, silent h following consonants, use of Dutch digraphs (which stems from Van Ophuijsen spelling ) and other eccentric letters. However,

357-440: The words that follow it, for example diambil , kehendak (taken, desire), while di and ke are written separately with the words that follow it, for example di rumah , ke pasar (at home, to the market). This is different from the former Republican Spelling, where both di- and di are written together with the words following it. Reduplication , mostly used in plural form of words, has to be fully written with letters, so

378-472: Was first published on 31 January 1951, and was originally named Soeara Rakyat ( lit. 'People's Voice'). In its heyday, Harian Rakjat was the most popular political newspaper ever published in Indonesia, with average circulation of 23,000 copies in the 1950s and 1960s. The newspaper was sold at a retail and subscription price of Rp 0.60 and Rp 14.5 a month, respectively. With its confrontational style, Harian Rakjat always opposed other parties and

399-670: Was formerly known as the Indonesian Spelling System ( Ejaan Bahasa Indonesia , EBI ), often referred to as the Indonesian Spelling System General Guidelines ( Pedoman Umum Ejaan Bahasa Indonesia , PUEBI ), between 2015 and 2022. Letters that had previously been included in the Republican Spelling as foreign loan letters are officially used in the EYD Spelling. The letters Q and X are used in scientific subjects. Examples: The letter Q

420-633: Was in force from 1901. While it simplified the van Ophuijsen system somewhat (notably with the introduction of the letter u and the removal of diacritics), it retained other aspects of the old system, such as the Dutch-influenced digraphs ch , dj and tj . The Soewandi spelling was exposed to continuous criticism from the literate community in the early fifties. The 'literate community' is not to be taken in its widest sense; those who engaged themselves in this question were particularly teachers, not unexpectedly. These shortcomings were of two kinds: partly

441-491: Was published on 24 November 1959. The reason for banning was also not clear, giving rise to protests. Following pressure, Harian Rakjat was finally permitted, and published again on 23 December 1959 . On 3 February 1961, the newspaper was banned again by in Greater Jakarta. The reason for the ban was the welcome address from PKI chairman D.N. Aidit on the 10th anniversary of Harian Rakjat . In his address, Aidit raised

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