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63-549: Harcourt Arboretum is an arboretum owned and run by the University of Oxford . It is a satellite of the university's botanic garden in the city of Oxford , England . The arboretum itself is located six miles (ten kilometres) south of Oxford on the A4074 road, near the village of Nuneham Courtenay in Oxfordshire , and comprises some 150 acres (60 hectares). Professor Simon Hiscock is

126-651: A Viewing Order was needed so as not to interfere with funeral events. An arboretum containing mostly plants from Scandinavian countries. Situated on the European side of Istanbul in the northern Sarıyer district, Atatürk Arboretum covers 296 ha (730 acres) adjacent to the Belgrad Forest . The arboretum also includes a rare plant nursery operated by Istanbul University Forestry Department. A small arboretum at Bank Hall Gardens , Bretherton in Lancashire , contains

189-638: A fruticetum , from the Latin frutex , meaning shrub , much more often a shrubbery , and a viticetum (from the Latin vitis, meaning vine , referring in particular to a grape vine ). A palm house is a large greenhouse for palms and other tender trees. Egyptian pharaohs planted exotic trees and cared for them; they brought ebony wood from the Sudan, and pine and cedar from Syria. Hatshepsut 's expedition to Punt returned bearing thirty-one live frankincense trees,

252-607: A yew thought to be at least 550 years old, the oldest in Lancashire. George Anthony Legh Keck had the arboretum planted in the gardens which were abandoned from the 1970s until 1995 when Bank Hall Action Group cleared the grounds. It contains one of two known fallen Sequoia sempervirens in the UK , Wellingtonia , dawn redwood ( Metasequoia glyptostroboides ), Atlas cedar ( Cedrus atlantica ), western hemlock ( Tsuga heterophylla ), Chinese swamp cypress and yew. Recent additions by

315-466: A " stool ", removes everything but vital parts of the plant, resulting in long new stems known as "canes". Other shrubs respond better to selective pruning to dead or unhealthy, or otherwise unattractive parts to reveal their structure and character. Shrubs in common garden practice are generally considered broad-leaved plants , though some smaller conifers such as mountain pine and common juniper are also shrubby in structure. Species that grow into

378-525: A 250-hectare site in the Greenhills Forest areas west of the Tuggeranong Parkway and Lake Burley Griffin , Canberra , Australia . It includes an existing stand of 5000 Himalayan Cedars and the 80-year-old Cork Oak plantation which were damaged by the 2001 and 2003 Canberra bushfires . It features different types of threatened and symbolic trees from around Australia and the world, including

441-539: A committee until it was acquired by the Derby Corporation during the 1880s, the Derby Arboretum was only open free to the public for two days of the week for its first four decades, the remaining days being reserved for subscribers and their families and guests. Very popular anniversary festivals were staged annually which drew crowds of tens of thousands and helped to fund the upkeep of the park. The Derby Arboretum

504-459: A large variety of rare but hardy plants and trees, including amongst many species a grove of Giant Redwoods and a substantial Liquidambar collection. The arboretum is extensively labelled with educational notes and information for many of the plants. Wolverley, Kiddermister, Bodenham Arboretum has 156 acres (0.63 km ) contains mature woodland, specimen trees and shrubs. With a collection of over 3,000 species of trees and shrubs it includes

567-465: A new cafe and visitor centre. Dropmore Park , Buckinghamshire (Bucks) England, was created in the 1790s for future prime minister Lord Grenville . On his first day in occupation, he planted two cedar trees. At least another 2,500 trees were planted. By the time Grenville died in 1834, his pinetum contained the biggest collection of conifer species in Britain. Part of the post-millennium restoration

630-399: A number of collections such as Acers, North American Oaks and Alders. There are many species of insects and resident and migrating birds with the aquatic and wet margins to the pools provide a breeding ground for many water-fowl and frogs. The Derby Arboretum opened on 16 September 1840. Commissioned and presented by Joseph Strutt (1766–1844) a wealthy industrialist and major local benefactor,

693-512: A quiet, peaceful stroll along the many walking tracks and roads providing access to the 126 hectares of breathtaking scenery and tranquil beauty that the Arboretum has to offer. The RJ Hamer Arboretum land is a small part of the original Dandenong and Woori Yallock State forest, proclaimed over 110 years ago. The RJ Hamer Arboretum is the first known occasion in which a forest style Arboretum was completely established by planting. A basic planting design

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756-456: A reasonable length beforehand. Many trees can grow in multiple stemmed forms also while being tall enough to be trees, such as oak or ash . An area of cultivated shrubs in a park or a garden is known as a shrubbery . When clipped as topiary , suitable species or varieties of shrubs develop dense foliage and many small leafy branches growing close together. Many shrubs respond well to renewal pruning , in which hard cutting back to

819-586: A shrub as less than 6 m (20 ft) and a tree as over 6 m. Others use 10 m (33 ft) as the cutoff point for classification. Many trees do not reach this mature height because of hostile, less than ideal growing conditions, and resemble shrub-sized plants. Others in such species have the potential to grow taller in ideal conditions. For longevity, most shrubs are classified between perennials and trees. Some only last about five years in good conditions. Others, usually larger and more woody, live beyond 70. On average, they die after eight years. Shrubland

882-512: A shrubby habit may be either deciduous or evergreen . In botany and ecology , a shrub is more specifically used to describe the particular physical canopy structure or plant life-form of woody plants which are less than 8 metres (26 ft) high and usually multiple stems arising at or near the surface of the ground. For example, a descriptive system widely adopted in Australia is based on structural characteristics based on life-form, plus

945-418: A significant contribution to its planting, specialising in exotic, pendulous, contorted and twisted trees. It is also his final resting place – he is buried beneath a massive slab of Cumbrian slate inscribed by local artist John Skelton with the simple words "Edward James, Poet 1907 – 1984". The Sequoiafarm Kaldenkirchen is a German arboretum that has been used as a biological institute for many years. It

1008-779: A small lake, lodges, benches and other features and some of the nineteenth-century trees still survive. Affectionately referred to as "The Arb", the Nottingham Arboretum it also gives its name to the residential area – in which it lies – of the City of Nottingham , England. Located in Dompierre-les-Ormes , in South Burgundy , near Mâcon , the Arboretum de Pézanin was established in 1903 by French botaniquer Joseph-Marie-Philippe Lévêque de Vilmorin (1872–1917). Acquired by

1071-399: A small number of shrubs have culinary usage. Apart from the several berry -bearing species (using the culinary rather than botanical definition), few are eaten directly, and they are generally too small for much timber use unlike trees. Those that are used include several perfumed species such as lavender and rose , and a wide range of plants with medicinal uses. Tea and coffee are on

1134-535: A spectacular display of colour in May and June. In the Summer the arboretum is bordered by white foxgloves, interspersed with shades of pink. The arboretum is much loved by locals but it is an irony that the fame of its youth has been largely forgotten, unappreciated, in its magnificent maturity. The Greifswald Botanic Garden and Arboretum (total area 9 hectares, German: Botanischer Garten und Arboretum der Universität Greifswald),

1197-577: Is a collection of mature trees and shrubs that spreads over 10 acres of the Golden Grove / Gelli Aur Country Park . Commissioned by John Campbell, 2nd Earl Cawdor , the majority of the planting took place in 1865. It is an unusual, fine arboretum and celebrated in Victorian and Edwardian times as the finest in the UK. It is built in an arc as though embracing the house, fanning out from an ancient oak which stands at

1260-511: Is a place planted with trees, not necessarily in this specific sense, and "arboretum" as an English word is first recorded used by John Claudius Loudon in 1833 in The Gardener's Magazine , but the concept was already long-established by then. An arboretum specializing in growing conifers is known as a pinetum . Other specialist arboreta include saliceta ( willows ), populeta ( poplar ), and querceta ( oaks ). Related collections include

1323-523: Is a small-to-medium-sized perennial woody plant . Unlike herbaceous plants , shrubs have persistent woody stems above the ground. Shrubs can be either deciduous or evergreen. They are distinguished from trees by their multiple stems and shorter height , less than 6–10 m (20–33 ft) tall. Small shrubs, less than 2 m (6.6 ft) tall are sometimes termed as subshrubs . Many botanical groups have species that are shrubs, and others that are trees and herbaceous plants instead. Some define

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1386-485: Is also significant because it was the planted counterpart to Loudon's Arboretum et Fruticetum Britannicum (1838) which detailed all the hardy and semi-hardy trees and shrubs of the British Isles. Within the park, the trees and shrubs were laid out according to the natural system and labelled so that visitors could identify them using the guide. The Derby park had a major impact on park design elsewhere including Europe,

1449-518: Is an arboretum and a scientific-researching institute of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine . The park is located in the northern part of the Uman city, Cherkasy Oblast ( Central Ukraine ), near the river Kamianka. Some areas of the park are reminiscent of an English garden . Today the park is a popular recreational spot, annually visited by 500,000 visitors. Shrub A shrub or bush

1512-562: Is located in the area of two neighboring villages Vieska nad Žitavou and Tesárske Mlyňany near Zlaté Moravce , Slovakia . It was established in 1892 by Hungarian Count István Ambrózy-Migazzi. Today, it is governed by the Slovak Academy of Sciences . Within its 67 hectares (170 acres) area, the arboretum features more than 2,300 woody plant species, being one of the largest collections in Central Europe . The Nottingham Arboretum (1852)

1575-799: Is situated close to the Dutch border in North Rhine-Westphalia and has 500 varieties of trees and an interesting ground flora. The founder Illa and Ernst J. Martin wanted to find out if the giant sequoia, which had existed in Germany before the ice age, could be introduced to German forestry . Sochi Arboretum is a monument of landscape architecture located in the Khosta district of the city of Sochi , Krasnodar Krai , in Russia. It includes 76 species of pine, 80 species of oak, and 24 species of palm. Sofiyivsky Park

1638-519: Is the natural landscape dominated by various shrubs; there are many distinct types around the world, including fynbos , maquis , shrub-steppe , shrub swamp and moorland . In gardens and parks, an area largely dedicated to shrubs (now somewhat less fashionable than a century ago) is called a shrubbery , shrub border or shrub garden. There are many garden cultivars of shrubs, bred for flowering, for example rhododendrons , and sometimes even leaf colour or shape. Compared to trees and herbaceous plants,

1701-534: Is to use what survives as the basis for a collection of some 200 species. Dømmesmoen Arboret is a 40 hectares (99 acres) arboretum in Grimstad municipality, Aust-Agder county, Norway . In the Dømmesmoen forest, where the arboret is planned in harmony with nature, 22 different ecosystems have been defined. The trees and plants have been planted along the tracks so that the visitors can experience and learn about them in

1764-566: Is tucked away on a south facing escarpment of the famous Cotswold Hills. Bedgebury National Pinetum , near Goudhurst , Kent is one of the world's most complete collections of conifers . The 300 acre Pinetum contains over 12,000 trees and shrubs (including 1,800 different species) from across five continents, many of them rare and endangered. Located in South Derbyshire near Ashby-de-la-Zouch, with planting begun in 1992, this 9 acre Royal Horticultural Society recommended arboretum contains

1827-513: The British climate , an international history of arboriculture , an assessment of the cultural, economic and industrial value of trees and four volumes of plates. Loudon urged that a national arboretum be created and called for arboreta and other systematic collections to be established in public parks , private gardens, country estates, and other places. He regarded the Derby Arboretum (1840) as

1890-495: The Derby Arboretum opened in 1840, another arboretum was opened for free public access at Abney Park Cemetery in Stoke Newington near London, modelled partly on Mount Auburn Cemetery near Boston and designed by Loddiges nursery. It was laid out with 2,500 trees and shrubs, all labelled and arranged in an unusual alphabetical format from A for Acer (maple trees) to Z for Zanthoxylum (American toothache trees). Until Kew

1953-558: The Horti Praefectus (Director) of the botanic garden and arboretum. The arboretum forms an integral part of the tree and plant collection of the University of Oxford Botanic Garden. It occupies part of what were the grounds of Nuneham House , about 1 + 1 ⁄ 2 miles (2.5 kilometres) from the house itself. It was designed to form an impressive entrance to the landscaped grounds of the house. William Sawrey Gilpin (1762–1843),

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2016-599: The United Kingdom . One example of an early European tree collection is the Trsteno Arboretum , near Dubrovnik in Croatia . The date of its founding is unknown, but it was already in existence by 1492, when a 15 m (49 ft) span aqueduct to irrigate the arboretum was constructed; this aqueduct is still in use. The garden was created by the prominent local Gučetić/Gozze family . It suffered two major disasters in

2079-552: The 1930s, this Forestry Commission arboretum is at Kilmun , Argyll and Bute , Scotland . Established in the early 19th century around the historical Kórnik Castle by its owner, Count Tytus Działyński , later enriched by his heirs : his son Jan Kanty Działyński and Władysław Zamoyski . It is the largest and oldest arboretum in Poland. It covers over 40 hectares and is famous for rich collections of rhododendrons , azaleas , conifers , lilacc , and other woody species from all over

2142-494: The 1990s but its two unique and ancient Oriental Planes remained standing. The arboretum at Ooty was established in 1992 with an aim of conserving native and indigenous trees, and is maintained by the Department of Horticulture with Hill Area Development Programme funds. It occupies 1.58 hectares (3.9 acres) near Ooty Lake . The site is a micro watershed area and a natural habitat for both indigenous and migratory birds; prior to

2205-571: The Action Group include paperbark maple ( Acer griseum ) (2004), cedar of Lebanon ( Cedrus libani ) (2005), further yew and pine trees (2006–2009) and a Ginkgo biloba (2011) for the Royal Wedding of the Duke and Duchess of Cambridge. It also has many specimens of snowdrop , daffodil and bluebell . Situated one and a quarter miles west of Moreton-in-Marsh , Gloucestershire , Batsford Arboretum

2268-638: The British colonies and North America and other public parks and arboreta were established modelled on Loudon's creation and using his ideas. In 1859 for example, it was visited by Frederick Law Olmsted on his European tour of parks, and it had an influence on the planting in Central Park , New York. Industrial pollution killed most of the original plantings by the 1880s (although a few examples remain), but it has been renovated and replanted with National Lottery Heritage funding closer to Loudon's original layout and with

2331-475: The Derby Arboretum was designed by John Claudius Loudon and had a major impact upon the development of urban parks. It was one of the first Victorian public parks and also unusual for the quality of its collection of trees and shrubs. Although established on only quite a small site of 14 acres, the park featured a labelled collection of over 1000 trees and shrubs and was landscaped with mounds, sinuous paths, urns, benches, statues, lodges and other features. Managed by

2394-582: The Southern Hemisphere can be found at Eastwoodhill Arboretum , Ngatapa , Gisborne , New Zealand . The arboretum is the realization of the dream of William Douglas Cook (1884–1967), who started planting trees on his farm shortly after the First World War . The arboretum is now the National Arboretum of New Zealand, and holds some 4,000 different trees, shrubs and climbers. This arboretum

2457-412: The artist and later landscape designer, laid out the pinetum , which forms the core of the arboretum. The trees are now mature, with giant redwoods and monkey-puzzle trees. The grounds include a 10-acre (4 ha) typical English woodland and a 37-acre (15 ha) summer flowering meadow. In late spring, the azaleas and rhododendrons are especially impressive. There are carpets of bluebells in

2520-482: The creation of the arboretum it had been neglected, and the feeder line bringing water to the lake was contaminated with urban waste and agricultural chemicals . From 2005 to 2006 the Hill Area Development Programme provided funds of Rs 1,250,000 for the construction of permanent fencing, a footpath, and other infrastructure facilities. Probably the largest collection of Northern Hemisphere trees in

2583-513: The densest burial mound areas found in Norway. The most famous attractions at Dømmesmoen among locals are a 400-500 year old hollow oak , and a wooden tower overlooking the town of Grimstad. 2 kilometres east of Dømmesmoen, at Fjære , Fjære church is situated. The stone church was built around year 1150, and has significant historical value dating back to the Viking area. Golden Grove / Gelli Aur Arboretum

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2646-407: The early 1950s. The arboretum comprises some 18,000 trees and shrubs, over an area of approximately 600 acres (240 ha). It has 17 miles (27 km) of marked paths which also provide access to a wide variety of rare plants. The St Roche's Arboretum at West Dean College is a circuit walk 2.5 miles (4.0 km) long that encompasses a collection of specimen trees and shrubs. Edward James made

2709-494: The individual trees are labelled for identification. The trees may also be organised in a way to aid their study or growth. Many tree collections have been claimed as the first modern arboretum, with the term applied retrospectively as it probably did not come into use even orally until the later eighteenth century, or later. Probably the most important early proponent of the arboretum in the English-speaking transatlantic world

2772-442: The late 13th century, and had them brought by elephant to his winter capital at Khanbaliq (modern Beijing ), where they were planted on a large artificial mound, "a hundred paces in height and over a mile in cicumference", known as the "Green Mound", with a palace or pavilion at the top. The ground of the mound was also covered in pieces of green stone. In an arboretum a wide variety of trees and shrubs are cultivated. Typically

2835-519: The most important landscape-gardening commission of the latter part of his career because it demonstrated the benefits of a public arboretum (for more details see below). Commenting on the Loddiges family's famous Hackney Botanic Garden arboretum, begun in 1816, which was a commercial nursery that subsequently opened free to the public, for educational benefit, every Sunday, Loudon wrote: "The arboretum looks better this season than it has ever done since it

2898-489: The park between 1885 and 1927. Today it contains over 1,200 taxa (species and cultivars) of broad-leaved trees, 300 of coniferous trees, and about 600 of perennial herbs. Arboretum Wespelaar , in Wespelaar , Belgium , brings together trees and shrubs from the whole world. The arboretum focuses on: Acer , Magnolia , Rhododendron and Stewartia . The Westonbirt Arboretum , near Tetbury, Gloucestershire, England ,

2961-543: The plant world into trees, shrubs and herbs. Small, low shrubs, generally less than 2 m (6.6 ft) tall, such as lavender , periwinkle and most small garden varieties of rose , are often termed as subshrubs . Most definitions characterize shrubs as possessing multiple stems with no main trunk below. This is because the stems have branched below ground level. There are exceptions to this, with some shrubs having main trunks, but these tend to be very short and divide into multiple stems close to ground level without

3024-458: The roots of which were carefully kept in baskets for the duration of the voyage; this was the first recorded attempt to transplant foreign trees . It is reported that Hatshepsut had these trees planted in the courts of her Deir el Bahri mortuary temple complex. Marco Polo describes how Kublai Khan collected specimens of evergreen trees that he admired from around the Mongol Empire in

3087-643: The state in 1935, it is now one of the richest collection in France , visited every year by thousands of tourists. Průhonice Park in the Czech Republic is a National Heritage Site, and since 2010 has been included within the boundaries of the UNESCO World Heritage Site of Prague . The arboretum was founded in 1885 by Count Arnošt Emanuel Silva-Tarouca. 2,360 taxa (species and cultivars), of which 310 were evergreen and 2,050 deciduous taxa were planted in

3150-578: The top of the terraced lawn. The natural slope enhancing the view from the house. Many of the trees are champions, they love the damp, temperate climate. Several are on the Monumental Trees website. The Great Western Red Cedar is particularly spectacular, people come from all over the world to see it. Herbaceous plants and bulbs were planted as part of the carpet, and American and Asiatic shrubs were planted to provide colour and fragrance. The Rhododendrons are an extremely fine single variety and present

3213-525: The tree-shrub boundary; they are normally harvested from shrub-sized plants, but these would be large enough to become small trees if left to grow instead. Shrubs are perennial woody plants, and therefore have persistent woody stems above ground (compare with succulent stems of herbaceous plants ). Usually, shrubs are distinguished from trees by their height and multiple stems. Some shrubs are deciduous (e.g. hawthorn ) and others evergreen (e.g. holly ). Ancient Greek philosopher Theophrastus divided

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3276-474: The various ecosystems. Information about the various ecosystems are found along the tracks in the forest and park area. Through the years, approximately 700 different species of trees and plants have been planted in the Dømmesmoen area. The Dømmesmoen area, where the arboret is situated, has a fascinating history. Excavations have found traces of settlements that can be dated to around year 0. There are 50-60 burial mounds from pre Viking area at Dømmesmoen, among

3339-409: The woods too. In the autumn, the leaf colours are brilliant, including Japanese maples . Peacocks roam the grounds, as they have since the establishment of the arboretum. In recent years, paths have been improved for accessibility. The grounds are open to the public at a charge. [REDACTED] Media related to Harcourt Arboretum at Wikimedia Commons Arboretum In Latin, an arboretum

3402-522: The world's largest planting of the Wollemi pine . There will eventually be 100 forests and 100 gardens with almost 80 forests planted already. Located at Yarramundi Reach on the shores of Lake Burley Griffin , the Lindsay Pryor National Arboretum is a 30-hectare site originally planted by Professor Pryor between 1954 and 1957 to improve the view from Government House. Shortly before

3465-472: The world. The Institute of Dendrology in Kórnik is located within the arboretum. Affectionately referred to as "The Arb" or "The Arbo", Lincoln Arboretum is to the east of the city and retains its line of sight up the hill to the nearby Lincoln Cathedral . This was one of the original design features. It was laid out between 1870 and 1872 by Edward Milner and has been renovated since 2002. Arborétum Mlyňany

3528-522: Was completed in 1970 and planting was carried out for the next 15 years. The Tasmanian Arboretum was established in 1984 on the Don River in Devonport, Tasmania , Australia . The main site is 58 ha. There are over 2,500 plants in the geographic and thematic collections along with riparian revegetation. Maintenance of the collections is done by volunteers. National Arboretum Canberra is being developed on

3591-414: Was designed by Samuel Curtis as the centrepiece of a major scheme enclosing the common lands around the town. It included various public walks, parks, cemeteries and other green spaces. The Nottingham Arboretum was modelled on Loudon's Derby Arboretum and also originally had a systematic labelled collection of trees and shrubs. Advantage was taken on the hilly site to produce an attractive landscaped park with

3654-586: Was enlarged and opened to the public, this remained the largest arboretum in Europe. It never achieved the recognition of the better financed early nineteenth century botanical gardens and arboreta that could afford members' events, indoor facilities and curatorial staff for those who paid accordingly. However, unlike these, and even unlike the 'public' arboretum at Derby, the Abney Park arboretum always offered public access free of charge, though sometimes, by pre-arrangement;

3717-512: Was founded around 1828 as the private tree collection of Captain Robert Holford at the Holford estate. Holford planted in open fields and laid out rides before he rebuilt the house. Planting at Westonbirt was continued by his son, George Holford. Eventually the estate passed to the government in lieu of death duties and was opened to the public. Also the word "arbortorium" was changed to arboretum in

3780-460: Was founded in 1763. It is one of the oldest botanical gardens in Germany, and one of the oldest scientific gardens in the world. It is associated with the University of Greifswald in Greifswald, Germany. This is located at RHS Garden, Wisley , Surrey , England. The Kew Gardens botanical gardens are set within an arboretum covering the majority of the 121-hectare (300-acre) site. Established in

3843-485: Was offered to Hamilton residents in 1997. Trees and shrubs were planted there from 1973 by John and Bunny Mortimer to provide shelter and shade for local animals. The arboretum is a popular picnic spot and is enjoyed by about 60,000 people every year. The twenty-two hectare arboretum contains 1500 species of trees and much birdlife. Parks Victoria RJ Hamer Arboretum, Visitors to the RJ Hamer Arboretum can take

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3906-723: Was planted... The more lofty trees suffered from the late high winds, but not materially. We walked round the two outer spirals of this coil of trees and shrubs; viz. from Acer to Quercus . There is no garden scene about London so interesting". A plan of the Loddiges' arboretum was included in The Encyclopaedia of Gardening , 1834 edition. Leaves from Loddiges' arboretum and in some instances entire trees, were studiously drawn to illustrate Loudon's encyclopaedic book Arboretum et Fruticetum Britannicum which also incorporated drawings from other early botanic gardens and parklands throughout

3969-470: Was the prolific landscape gardener and writer, John Claudius Loudon (1783–1843) who undertook many gardening commissions and published the Gardener's Magazine , Encyclopaedia of Gardening and other major works. Loudon's Arboretum et Fruticetum Britannicum , 8 vols., (1838) is probably the most significant work on the subject in British history and included an account of all trees and shrubs that were hardy in

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