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86-590: The Hall–Carpenter Archives (HCA), founded in 1982, are the largest source for the study of gay activism in Britain, following the publication of the Wolfenden Report in 1957. The archives are named after the authors Marguerite Radclyffe Hall (1880–1943) and Edward Carpenter (1844–1929). They are housed at the London School of Economics , at Bishopsgate Library – (press cuttings), and in

172-617: A bar in New York City resisted a police raid. Immediately after Stonewall, such groups as the Gay Liberation Front (GLF) and the Gay Activists' Alliance (GAA) were formed. Their use of the word gay represented a new unapologetic defiance—as an antonym for straight ("respectable sexual behavior"), it encompassed a range of non-normative sexuality and sought ultimately to free the bisexual potential in everyone, rendering obsolete

258-817: A contingent dressed as workmen obtained access to the basement and shut off the lights. In 1971, the gay liberation movement in Germany and Switzerland started with Rosa von Praunheims movie It Is Not the Homosexual Who Is Perverse, But the Society in Which He Lives . Easter 1972 saw the Gay Lib annual conference held in the Guild of Undergraduates Union (students union) building at the University of Birmingham . In May 1974

344-583: A crime. In 1833, an anonymous English-language writer wrote a poetic defense of Captain Nicholas Nicholls, who had been sentenced to death in London for sodomy: Whence spring these inclinations, rank and strong? And harming no one, wherefore call them wrong? Three years later in Switzerland, Heinrich Hoessli published the first volume of Eros: Die Männerliebe der Griechen (English: "Eros: The Male Love of

430-411: A criminal offence". All but James Adair were in favor of this and, contrary to some medical and psychiatric witnesses' evidence at that time, found that "homosexuality cannot legitimately be regarded as a disease, because in many cases it is the only symptom and is compatible with full mental health in other respects." The report added, "The law's function is to preserve public order and decency, to protect

516-648: A digital issue each month via the Gay Times app, Apple News+ , Readly and other popular digital publication providers. In the same month, Gay Times became the first LGBTQ+ publication to pass a million followers on Instagram. In addition to improving their content through digital magazines, GT group expanded the audience of the company with improvements to the Gay Times website and social media platforms, as well as introducing four new podcasts in 2021: Snatched!; MediaWatch; Tag Talks; and Queer Me Out. This new expansion of

602-707: A first commemoration of the Stonewall Riots. Liberation groups, including the Gay Liberation Front, Queens, the Gay Activists Alliance, Radicalesbians , and Street Transvestites Action Revolutionaries (STAR) all took part in the first Gay Pride Week. Los Angeles held a big parade on the first Gay Pride Day. Smaller demonstrations were held in San Francisco, Chicago, and Boston. In the United Kingdom

688-468: A four-year period, from 1889 to 1893, form one of the earliest known works of self-conscious homosexual autobiography in English. The recently decoded autobiographies of Anne Lister are an earlier example in English. Another friend of Ives was the English socialist poet Edward Carpenter . Carpenter thought that homosexuality was an innate and natural human characteristic and that it should not be regarded as

774-563: A large impact on the LGBTQ+ community since it was founded, by covering issues such as the AIDS crisis and the fight for same sex marriage. The organisation hosts Gay Times Honours, an annual awards show celebrating figures in and beyond the LGBTQ+ community for their contributions, which first began in 2017. The goal of Gay Times Honours is to bring the LGBTQ+ community together to celebrate innovators and trailblazers from previous years who have had

860-458: A need to work together. Leaders of the lesbian and gay movement of the 1970s, '80s and '90s often attempted to hide masculine lesbians, feminine gay men , transgender people, and bisexuals from the public eye, creating internal divisions within LGBTQ communities. Roffee and Waling (2016) documented that LGBTQ people experience microaggressions, bullying and anti-social behaviors from other people within

946-555: A novel titled The Well of Loneliness . Its plot centers on Stephen Gordon, a woman who identifies herself as an invert after reading Krafft-Ebing's Psychopathia Sexualis , and lives within the homosexual subculture of Paris. The novel included a foreword by Havelock Ellis and was intended to be a call for tolerance for inverts by publicizing their disadvantages and accidents of being born inverted. Hall subscribed to Ellis and Krafft-Ebing's theories and rejected (conservatively understood version of) Freud's theory that same-sex attraction

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1032-617: A number of homosexual rights groups came into being or were revived across the Western world, in Britain, France, Germany, the Netherlands, the Scandinavian countries and the United States. These groups usually preferred the term homophile to homosexual , emphasizing love over sex. The homophile movement began in the late 1940s with groups in the Netherlands and Denmark, and continued throughout

1118-421: A popular all-night restaurant, Gene Compton's Cafeteria. The Wolfenden Report was published in Britain on September 4, 1957, after publicized convictions for homosexuality of well-known men, including Edward Montagu-Scott, 3rd Baron Montagu of Beaulieu . Disregarding the conventional ideas of the day, the committee recommended that "homosexual behaviour between consenting adults in private should no longer be

1204-413: A positive impact on their community. Previous winners include the cast of Heartstopper , Bella Ramsey , Jonathan Bailey , Edward Enninful , Sir Ian McKellen , Pabllo Vittar , Honey Dijon , Kylie Minogue , Tom Daley and akt . Gay Times Honours also features live performances by international stars. Previous performers include RAYE , Tove Lo , Rina Sawayama and Cat Burns . Amplifund

1290-543: A prominent influence in political systems of social acceptability. Radicals of the 1970s would later disparage the homophile groups for being assimilationist . Any demonstrations were orderly and polite. By 1969, there were dozens of homophile organizations and publications in the U.S., and a national organization had been formed, but they were largely ignored by the media. A 1965 gay march held in front of Independence Hall in Philadelphia, according to some historians, marked

1376-556: A rather cohesive group with a well-expressed philosophy. A secret British society called the Order of Chaeronea campaigned for the legalization of homosexuality. The society was founded in 1897 by George Cecil Ives , one of the earliest gay rights campaigners, who had been working for the end of oppression of homosexuals, what he called the "Cause". Members included Oscar Wilde , Charles Kains Jackson , Samuel Elsworth Cottam , Montague Summers , and John Gambril Nicholson . Ives met Wilde at

1462-591: A re-sort of the cuttings collection which had not been touched for a decade. With his then partner Micheal Anthony Chan arranged their transfer in 1995 to the Greenwich Lesbian and Gay Centre, in South East London. Simon Bradford, the librarian of the Cat Hill campus of Middlesex University was at this time creating a new Collections Room for a number of historical archives, and offered space to HCA. In February

1548-574: A sin or a criminal offense. In the 1890s, Carpenter began a concerted effort to campaign against discrimination on the grounds of sexual orientation , possibly in response to the recent death of Symonds, whom he viewed as his campaigning inspiration. His 1908 book on the subject, The Intermediate Sex , would become a foundational text of the LGBT movements of the 20th century. Scottish anarchist John Henry Mackay also wrote in defense of same-sex love and androgyny . English sexologist Havelock Ellis wrote

1634-574: A time when the legal penalty for buggery was death by hanging. His advocacy stemmed from his utilitarian philosophy , in which the morality of an action is determined by the net consequence of that action on human well-being. He argued that homosexuality was a victimless crime , and therefore not deserving of social approbation or criminal charges. He regarded popular negative attitudes against homosexuality as an irrational prejudice, fanned and perpetuated by religious teachings. However, he did not publicize his views as he feared reprisal; his powerful essay

1720-611: A work of what would later be called " gay history ." Although the Oxford English Dictionary credits the medical writer C.G. Chaddock for introducing "homosexual" into the English language in 1892, Symonds had already used the word in A Problem in Greek Ethics . Symonds also translated classical poetry on homoerotic themes, and wrote poems drawing on ancient Greek imagery and language such as Eudiades , which has been called "the most famous of his homoerotic poems". While

1806-450: Is a monthly digital cover story which focuses on emerging talent and community conversations. It was created in January 2019. ELEVATE by Gay Times and Apple Music is a collaboration between the companies with the aim to support and platform emerging LGBTQ+ music talent. Previous ELEVATE artists include Arlo Parks , Rina Sawayama , Victoria Monét and Hope Tala . Gay Times has had

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1892-791: Is a philanthropic initiative founded by Gay Times in partnership with GiveOut. It launched in June 2019 as a response to an increase in transphobia in global media, and raises money for global LGBTQ+ communities in various countries where LGBTQ+ people face daily challenges. Amplifund has supported LGBTQ+ people in Jamaica, Iraq, and Armenia, Nigeria, among other territories by collecting donations from individuals and organizations to GiveOut. Additionally, Gay Times has partnered with LGBTQ+ groups within these countries, such as Bisi Alimi Foundation (BAF) and The Queer Muslim Project (TQMP). In April 2024, during its 40th anniversary year, GAY TIMES Group expanded into

1978-555: Is also at Cat Hill, as well as a growing collection of lapel badges, T-shirts, printed carrier bags and banners from marches and demonstrations. The collection at Cat Hill was renamed The Lesbian and Gay Newsmedia Archive (LAGNA). LAGNA (press cuttings and book collection) moves to the Bishopsgate Library . Gay activism Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and queer ( LGBTQ ) movements are social movements that advocate for LGBTQ people in society. Although there

2064-530: Is her only known contribution to the cause. Women only began to join the previously male-dominated sexual reform movement around 1910 when the German government tried to expand Paragraph 175 to outlaw sex between women. Heterosexual feminist leader Helene Stöcker became a prominent figure in the movement. Friedrich Radszuweit published LGBT literature and magazines in Berlin (e.g., Die Freundin ). Hirschfeld, whose life

2150-546: Is not a primary or an overarching central organization that represents all LGBTQ people and their interests, numerous LGBTQ rights organizations are active worldwide. The first organization to promote LGBTQ rights was the Scientific-Humanitarian Committee , founded in 1897 in Berlin. A commonly stated goal among these movements is equal rights for LGBTQ people, often focusing on specific goals such as ending

2236-670: The American Psychiatric Association , after years of pressure from activists , changed the wording concerning homosexuality in the Sixth printing of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders from a "mental disorder" to that of a "sexual orientation disturbance". While still not a flattering description, it took gay people out of the category of being automatically considered mentally ill simply for their sexual orientation. By 1974, internal disagreements had led to

2322-541: The Authors' Club in London in 1892. Wilde was taken by his boyish looks and persuaded him to shave off his mustache, and once kissed him passionately in the Travellers' Club . In 1893, Lord Alfred Douglas , with whom he had a brief affair, introduced Ives to several Oxford poets whom Ives also tried to recruit. John Addington Symonds was a poet and an early advocate of male love. In 1873, he wrote A Problem in Greek Ethics ,

2408-684: The British Library (Sound Archive) (oral history tapes). These projects in partnership with the Lesbian and Gay Newsmedia Archive. The Campaign for Homosexual Equality (CHE) established the Gay Monitoring & Archive Project (GMAP) to collect evidence of discrimination and police arrests from all parts of the United Kingdom. It received agency press cuttings and collected other newspaper clippings sent in by its members. GMAP later became separate from CHE and one its founders, Julian Meldrum, moved all

2494-716: The British Library Sound Archive , part of the British Library. The Oral History project culminated in two books "Inventing Ourselves" and "Walking After Midnight" (see References). Around this time Kenneth Barrow had established the "National Lesbian & Gay Survey" within HCA. This was a Mass-Observation style survey engaging the opinions of "ordinary" lesbians and gay men on various vital or controversial contemporary issues, anthologies from which were later published by Routledge. The archives’ GLC funding terminated and

2580-490: The Gay Times company allows them to reach a broader audience of more of the LGBTQ+ community by showcasing more LGBTQ+ voices. The current editorial director of Gay Times is Megan Wallace, who was appointed in August 2023. Former editorial director, Lewis Corner, was appointed Senior Vice President, Global Content in the same month. Gay Times Magazine includes features on community and cultural conversations that align with

2666-599: The Scientific-Humanitarian Committee campaign publicly against the notorious law " Paragraph 175 ", which made sex between men illegal. Adolf Brand later broke away from the group, disagreeing with Hirschfeld's medical view of the " intermediate sex ", seeing male-male sex as merely an aspect of manly virility and male social bonding. Brand was the first to use " outing " as a political strategy, claiming that German Chancellor Bernhard von Bülow engaged in homosexual activity. The 1901 book Sind es Frauen? Roman über das Dritte Geschlecht (English: Are These Women? Novel about

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2752-677: The United Kingdom and distributed globally, and includes interviews, fashion, news, features, music, film, style and travel. Gay Times also features an online site as well as social promotion channels under the brand name. The magazine is published by GAY TIMES Ltd. The current CEO of GAY TIMES Ltd. is Tag Warner, who was appointed in January 2019. Warner established Gay Times Group, also known as GT Group, which expanded Gay Times from 200,000 to 4 million monthly visitors. The magazine ceased print publication in September 2021 and now releases

2838-460: The criminalization of homosexuality or enacting same-sex marriage . Others have focused on building LGBTQ communities or worked towards liberation for the broader society from biphobia , homophobia , and transphobia . LGBTQ movements organized today are made up of a wide range of political activism and cultural activity, including lobbying , street marches , social groups , media, art, and research . Sociologist Mary Bernstein writes: "For

2924-527: The drag queen caucus of the GLF, including Marsha P. Johnson and Sylvia Rivera , formed the group Street Transvestite Action Revolutionaries (STAR), which focused on providing support for gay prisoners, housing for homeless gay youth and street people, especially other young "street queens". In 1969, Lee Brewster and Bunny Eisenhower formed the Queens Liberation Front (QLF), partially in protest to

3010-710: The queer movement have argued that the categories of gay and lesbian are restrictive, and attempted to deconstruct those categories, which are seen to "reinforce rather than challenge a cultural system that will always mark the non heterosexual as inferior." After the French Revolution the anticlerical feeling in Catholic countries coupled with the liberalizing effect of the Napoleonic Code made it possible to sweep away sodomy laws. However, in Protestant countries, where

3096-540: The 17th-century cross-dressing was common in plays, as evident in the content of many of William Shakespeare 's plays and by the actors in actual performance (since female roles in Elizabethan theater were always performed by males, usually prepubescent boys). Thomas Cannon wrote what may be the earliest published defense of homosexuality in English, Ancient and Modern Pederasty Investigated and Exemplify'd (1749). Although only fragments of his work have survived, it

3182-579: The 1950s and 1960s with groups in Sweden, Norway, the United States, France , Britain and elsewhere. ONE, Inc. , the first public homosexual organization in the U.S., was bankrolled by the wealthy transsexual man Reed Erickson . A U.S. transgender rights journal, Transvestia: The Journal of the American Society for Equality in Dress , also published two issues in 1952. The homophile movement lobbied to establish

3268-595: The Archives at the London School of Economics (LSE) with the active support of the Archivist, Angela Raspin. A number of gay activists, such as Peter Tatchell and John Chesterman, donated personal collections. The HCA at LSE have continued to grow with new accessions, and have been extensively sorted and indexed by Sue Donnelly and other professional archivists in her team. The Hall–Carpenter Archives Management Committee

3354-476: The GLF had its first meeting in the basement of the London School of Economics on October 13, 1970. Bob Mellors and Aubrey Walter had seen the effect of the GLF in the United States and created a parallel movement based on revolutionary politics and alternative lifestyle. By 1971, the UK GLF was recognized as a political movement in the national press, holding weekly meetings of 200 to 300 people. The GLF Manifesto

3440-479: The GLF were established across the U.S. and in other parts of the Western world. The Front homosexuel d'action révolutionnaire was formed in 1971 by lesbians who split from the Mouvement Homophile de France . The Gay liberation movement overall, like the gay community generally and historically, has had varying degrees of gender nonconformity and assimilationist platforms among its members. Early marches by

3526-579: The Greeks"), another defense of same-sex love. In many ways, social attitudes to homosexuality became more hostile during the late Victorian era . In 1885, the Labouchere Amendment was included in the Criminal Law Amendment Act , which criminalized 'any act of gross indecency with another male person'; a charge that was successfully invoked to convict playwright Oscar Wilde in 1895 with

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3612-521: The LGBTQ community. This is due to misconceptions and conflicting views as to what entails "LGBT". For example, transgender people found that other members of the community were not understanding toward their own, individual, specific needs and would instead make ignorant assumptions, and this could cause health risks. Additionally, bisexual people found that lesbian or gay people were not understanding or appreciative of bisexual sexuality. Evidently, even though most of these people would say that they stand for

3698-545: The LGBTQ+ community. It has been in continuous publication for more than 530 issues, having spotlighted stories within the community throughout five decades. Gay Times cover stars across the years include Dusty Springfield , Sir Ian McKellen , Paul O'Grady , Graham Norton , Lizzo , Lady Gaga , Justin Fashanu , Laverne Cox , Elliot Page , Trixie Mattel , Bronski Beat , Billy Porter , Julia Fox , Boy George , Joey Graceffa , Kylie Minogue and more. Amplify by Gay Times

3784-739: The LSE archive had a policy of not taking newspaper cuttings, the collection remained in the LLGC building in Cowcross Street, although the early cuttings relating to the start of the AIDS epidemic were moved to the Terence Higgins Trust. The cuttings then moved to SIGMA (an organisation conducting sexual research in relation to HIV) in Brixton . A professional archivist, Mark Collins, joined the volunteer team and started

3870-630: The Labour Home Secretary . When passed, the Sexual Offenses Act decriminalized homosexual acts between two men over 21 years of age in private in England and Wales . The seemingly innocuous phrase 'in private' led to the prosecution of participants in sex acts involving three or more men, e.g. the Bolton 7 who were so convicted as recently as 1998. Bisexual activism became more visible toward

3956-574: The Lyndhurst Settlement helped with funding. A fundraiser was employed who wrote to around thirty charitable trusts – but none replied favourably. It looked unlikely that the London Lesbian & Gay Centre would receive funding and its closure was imminent, the Directors made a deliberate choice to try to house the Archives in a university, preferably in London. Core collections, were moved to

4042-621: The Mattachine society and Daughters of Bilitis stressed looking "respectable" and mainstream, and after the Stonewall Uprising the Mattachine Society posted a sign in the window of the club calling for peace. Gender nonconformity has always been a primary way of signaling homosexuality and bisexuality, and by the late 1960s and mainstream fashion was increasingly incorporating what by the 1970s would be considered "unisex" fashions. In 1970,

4128-454: The Media (1984). Work started on indexing the "News Library" of press cuttings, the records of gay organisations and a "Pink Thesaurus" was created by volunteers. The archives employed Margot Farnham (until 1988) to coordinate a volunteer group for an Oral History project. Thirty-five interviews were carried out using new sound recording/transcribing equipment. The tapes and transcriptions are now in

4214-688: The NCCL provided essential meeting and working space in Southwark , with financial assistance from the Lyndhurst Settlement . It also received personal donations from members of the lesbian and gay community. The archives moved to its first rented office accommodation in Mount Pleasant, London. A major funding bid resulted in a grant of £32,000 from the Greater London Council (GLC). Part of this

4300-448: The Third Sex ) by Aimée Duc was as much a political treatise as a novel, criticizing pathological theories of homosexuality and gender inversion in women. Anna Rüling , delivering a public speech in 1904 at the request of Hirschfeld, became the first female Uranian activist. Rüling, who also saw "men, women, and homosexuals" as three distinct genders, called for an alliance between the women's and sexual reform movements, but this speech

4386-474: The Year (Consumer Media)' at The Drum Online Media Awards 2022. In the same year, Gay Times won 'Brand of the Year (Consumer Media)' and 'Editorial Team of the Year (Consumer Media)' at the British Media Awards 2022. Tag Warner was listed on the Forbes '30 Under 30' list in 2022 in his role as CEO of GAY TIMES. Gay Times won the coveted 'Cover of the Year' at the PPA Awards 2022 for its cover story featuring Little Mix star Jade Thirlwall . Lewis Corner

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4472-490: The age of consent for same-sex partners to be at age 15, making it equal to heterosexual couples. In Japan, LGBT groups were established in the 1970s. In 1971, Ken Togo ran for the Upper House election. Bisexuals became more visible in the LGBT rights movement in the 1970s. In 1972 a Quaker group, the Committee of Friends on Bisexuality, issued the "Ithaca Statement on Bisexuality" supporting bisexuals. The Statement, which may have been "the first public declaration of

4558-417: The beginning of the modern gay rights movement. Meanwhile, in San Francisco, the LGBT youth organization Vanguard was formed by Adrian Ravarour to demonstrate for equality, and Vanguard members protested for equal rights during the months of April–July 1966, followed by the August 1966 Compton's riot, where transgender street prostitutes in the poor neighborhood of Tenderloin rioted against police harassment at

4644-410: The bisexual movement" and "was certainly the first statement on bisexuality issued by an American religious assembly," appeared in the Quaker Friends Journal and The Advocate in 1972. In that same year the National Bisexual Liberation Group formed in New York. In 1976 the San Francisco Bisexual Center opened. Gay Times Gay Times Magazine is published digitally each month in

4730-423: The categories of homosexual and heterosexual. According to Gay Lib writer Toby Marotta , "their Gay political outlooks were not homophile but liberationist". "Out, loud and proud," they engaged in colorful street theater . The GLF's "A Gay Manifesto" set out the aims for the fledgling gay liberation movement, and influential intellectual Paul Goodman published " The Politics of Being Queer " (1969). Chapters of

4816-661: The church was less severe, there was no general reaction against statutes that were religious in origin. As a result, many of those countries retained their statutes on sodomy until late in the 20th century. However, some countries have still retained their statutes on sodomy. For example, in 2008 a case in India's High Court was judged using a 150-year-old reading that was punishing sodomy. In eighteenth - and nineteenth-century Europe , same-sex sexual behavior and cross-dressing were widely considered to be socially unacceptable, and were serious crimes under sodomy and sumptuary laws . There were, however, some exceptions. For example, in

4902-416: The citizen from what is offensive or injurious, and to provide sufficient safeguards against exploitation and corruption of others ... It is not, in our view, the function of the law to intervene in the private life of citizens, or to seek to enforce any particular pattern of behavior." The report eventually led to the introduction of the Sexual Offences Bill 1967 supported by Labour MP Roy Jenkins , then

4988-429: The civil and political spheres. As with other social movements, there is also conflict within and between LGBTQ movements, especially about strategies for change and debates over exactly who represents the constituency of these movements, and this also applies to changing education. There is debate over the extent that lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and intersex people, as well as others, share common interests and

5074-426: The earliest organizations for bisexuals, the Sexual Freedom League in San Francisco, was facilitated by Margo Rila and Frank Esposito beginning in 1967. Two years later, during a staff meeting at a San Francisco mental health facility serving LGBT people, nurse Maggi Rubenstein came out as bisexual. Due to this, bisexuals began to be included in the facility's programs for the first time. The new social movements of

5160-469: The end of the 1960s in the United States. In 1966 bisexual activist Robert A. Martin (also known as Donny the Punk) founded the Student Homophile League at Columbia University and New York University. In 1967 Columbia University officially recognized this group, thus making them the first college in the United States to officially recognize a gay student group. Activism on behalf of bisexuals in particular also began to grow, especially in San Francisco. One of

5246-431: The first nation to decriminalize homosexuality, probably thanks in part to Jean Jacques Régis de Cambacérès , who was one of the authors of the Napoleonic Code . With the introduction of the Napoleonic Code in 1808, the Duchy of Warsaw also decriminalized homosexuality. In 1830, the new Penal Code of the Brazilian Empire did not repeat the title XIII of the fifth book of the "Ordenações Philipinas", which made sodomy

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5332-574: The first objective scientific study of homosexuality in 1897, in which he treated it as a neutral sexual condition. Called Sexual Inversion it was first printed in German and then translated into English a year later. In the book, Ellis argued that same-sex relationships could not be characterized as a pathology or a crime and that its importance rose above the arbitrary restrictions imposed by society. He also studied what he called 'inter-generational relationships' and that these also broke societal taboos on age difference in sexual relationships. The book

5418-488: The gains made in Germany would soon be drastically reversed with the rise of Nazism , and the institute and its library were destroyed in 1933. The Swiss journal Der Kreis was the only part of the movement to continue through the Nazi era. USSR's Criminal Code of 1922 decriminalized homosexuality. This was a remarkable step in the USSR at the time – which was very backward economically and socially, and where many conservative attitudes towards sexuality prevailed. This step

5504-431: The lesbian and gay movement, then, cultural goals include (but are not limited to) challenging dominant constructions of masculinity and femininity , homophobia , and the primacy of the gendered heterosexual nuclear family ( heteronormativity ). Political goals include changing laws and policies to gain new rights, benefits, and protections from harm". Bernstein emphasizes that activists seek both types of goals in both

5590-408: The most severe sentence possible under the Act. The first person known to describe himself as a drag queen was William Dorsey Swann , born enslaved in Hancock, Maryland . Swann was the first American on record who pursued legal and political action to defend the LGBTQ community 's right to assemble . During the 1880s and 1890s, Swann organized a series of drag balls in Washington, D.C. Swann

5676-448: The movement's splintering. Organizations that spun off from the movement included the London Lesbian and Gay Switchboard , Gay News , and Icebreakers . The GLF Information Service continued for a few further years providing gay related resources. GLF branches had been set up in some provincial British towns (e.g., Bradford, Bristol, Leeds, and Leicester) and some survived for a few years longer. The Leicester group founded by Jeff Martin

5762-471: The papers into his London flat. Its first funding was a grant made to the National Council for Civil Liberties (NCCL) from the Manpower Services Commission . Julian, with others, set up a limited company called the Hall–Carpenter Memorial Archives Ltd and in 1983 registered as a charity. Trustees included Oliver Merrington (Chair of the archive) and Michael Mason, publisher of Capital Gay. The Albany Trust, donated its archives and press cuttings, and

5848-847: The political mainstream on the same level as other groups in society. In arguing that sexual orientation and gender identity are innate and cannot be consciously changed, attempts to change gay, lesbian, and bisexual people into heterosexuals (" conversion therapy ") are generally opposed by the LGBTQ community. Such attempts are often based on religious beliefs that perceive gay, lesbian, and bisexual activity as immoral. Religion has, however, never been univocal opposed to either homosexuality, bisexuality or being transgender, usually treating sex between men and sex between women differently. As of today, numerous religious communities and many believers in various religions are generally accepting of LGBTQ rights. However, others within LGBTQ movements have criticized identity politics as limited and flawed, elements of

5934-460: The same values as the majority of the community, there are still remaining inconsistencies even within the LGBTQ community. LGBTQ movements have often adopted a kind of identity politics that sees gay, bisexual, and transgender people as a fixed class of people; a minority group or groups, and this is very common among LGBTQ communities. Those using this approach aspire to liberal political goals of freedom and equal opportunity , and aim to join

6020-447: The sixties, such as the Black Power and anti-Vietnam war movements in the US, the May 1968 insurrection in France, and Women's Liberation throughout the Western world, inspired many LGBT activists to become more radical, and the Gay Liberation movement emerged towards the end of the decade. This new radicalism is often attributed to the Stonewall riots of 1969, when a group of gay men, lesbians, drag queens and transgender women at

6106-415: The taboos of Victorian England prevented Symonds from speaking openly about homosexuality, his works published for a general audience contained strong implications and some of the first direct references to male-male sexual love in English literature. By the end of his life, Symonds' homosexuality had become an open secret in Victorian literary and cultural circles. In particular, Symonds' memoirs, written over

6192-488: The talent management space, launching the dedicated LGBTQ+ talent agency ‘ wax ’. wax offers full-service cross-sector commercial talent management to a selection LGBTQ+ of talent and influencers, specialising in talent brand partnerships and broadcast. As well as an international casting division with a large network of talent in the LGBTQ+ sector and beyond. Gay Times has won numerous awards for its LGBTQ+ content and industry-leading team. In 2022, Gay Times won 'Brand of

6278-428: The traditional institutions of family and marriage that were seen to enslave women. Some advocates of free love in the early 20th century, including Russian anarchist and feminist Emma Goldman , also spoke in defense of same-sex love and challenged repressive legislation. An early LGBT movement also began in Germany at the turn of the 20th century, centering on the doctor and writer Magnus Hirschfeld . In 1897 he formed

6364-401: The transfer was arranged and a formal ten-year loan agreement signed with Middlesex University. Oliver Merrington was appointed Honorary Research Archivist by the university, and held weekly volunteer sessions there to organise the cuttings. On 2 June the collection was opened by a Member of Parliament, Evan Harris (standing in for Stephen Twigg MP). The photograph collection from Gay News

6450-621: The treatment of the drag queens at the first Christopher Street Liberation Day March . One of the values of the movement was gay pride . Within weeks of the Stonewall Riots, Craig Rodwell , proprietor of the Oscar Wilde Memorial Bookshop in lower Manhattan, persuaded the Eastern Regional Conference of Homophile Organizations (ERCHO) to replace the Fourth of July Annual Reminder at Independence Hall in Philadelphia with

6536-489: Was a humorous anthology of homosexual advocacy, written with an obvious enthusiasm for its subject. It contains the argument: "Unnatural Desire is a Contradiction in Terms; downright Nonsense. Desire is an amatory Impulse of the inmost human Parts: Are not they, however, constructed, and consequently impelling Nature?" Social reformer Jeremy Bentham wrote the first known argument for homosexual law reform in England around 1785, at

6622-466: Was arrested in police raids numerous times, including in the first documented case of arrests for female impersonation in the United States, on April 12, 1888. From the 1870s, social reformers began to defend homosexuality, but due to the controversial nature of their advocacy, kept their identities secret. The Uranian poets and prose writers, who sought to rehabilitate the love between men and boys and in doing so often appealed to Ancient Greece, formed

6708-465: Was caused by childhood trauma and was curable. In the United States, several secret or semi-secret groups were formed explicitly to advance the rights of homosexuals as early as the turn of the 20th century, but little is known about them. A better documented group is Henry Gerber 's Society for Human Rights formed in Chicago in 1924, which was quickly suppressed. Immediately following World War II ,

6794-464: Was dedicated to social progress for people who were transsexual, transvestite and homosexual, formed the Institut für Sexualwissenschaft (Institute for Sexology) in 1919. The institute conducted an enormous amount of research, saw thousands of transgender and homosexual clients at consultations, and championed a broad range of sexual reforms including sex education, contraception and women's rights. However,

6880-536: Was in abeyance. Oliver Merrington, one of the original Directors, took over as the Honorary Secretary/Treasurer, arranging meetings, dissolving the Limited Company, issuing occasional newsletters and drawing up formal agreements with the repositories. He arranged a regular donation of press cuttings from the monthly Gay Times . The Press Cuttings Collection proved much more difficult to house, as

6966-557: Was not published until 1978. The emerging currents of secular humanist thought that had inspired Bentham also informed the French Revolution , and when the newly formed National Constituent Assembly began drafting the policies and laws of the new republic in 1792, groups of militant "sodomite-citizens" in Paris petitioned the Assemblée nationale , the governing body of the French Revolution , for freedom and recognition. In 1791, France became

7052-636: Was noted for its involvement in the setting up of the local "Gayline", which is still active today and has received funding from the National Lottery . They also carried out a high-profile campaign against the local paper, the Leicester Mercury , which refused to advertise Gayline's services at the time. In 1972, Sweden became the first country in the world to allow people who were transsexual by legislation to surgically change their sex and provide free hormone replacement therapy . Sweden also permitted

7138-418: Was part of a larger project of freeing sexual relationships and expanding women's rights – including legalizing abortion, granting divorce on demand, equal rights for women, and attempts to socialize housework. During Stalin's era, however, USSR reverted all these progressive measures – re-criminalizing homosexuality and imprisoning gay men and banning abortion. In 1928, English writer Radclyffe Hall published

7224-430: Was published, and a series of high-profile direct actions, were carried out. The disruption of the opening of the 1971 Festival of Light was the best organized of GLF action . The Festival of Light, whose leading figures included Mary Whitehouse , met at Methodist Central Hall . Groups of GLF members in drag invaded and spontaneously kissed each other; others released mice , sounded horns, and unveiled banners, and

7310-428: Was so controversial at the time that one bookseller was charged in court for holding copies of the work. It is claimed that Ellis coined the term 'homosexual', but in fact he disliked the word due to its conflation of Greek and Latin . These early proponents of LGBT rights, such as Carpenter, were often aligned with a broader socio-political movement known as ' free love '; a critique of Victorian sexual morality and

7396-596: Was to set up a Media Project to monitor television and radio broadcasts, and Lorraine Trenchard and Mark Finch were employed to run this. The archives moved to the new London Lesbian & Gay Centre (LLGC) in Cowcross Street , Farringdon (at that time the largest lesbian & gay centre in Europe). Early publications included The Gay News Index (1982); ‘Declaring an Interest’ – a projected catalogue of gay images on television in Britain, (1982–83); and A.I.D.S. through

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