The Haima Freema (普力马) is a Compact MPV car that is manufactured by the Chinese manufacturer Haima . Its first generation ran from 2004 to 2011 and second generation ran from 2011 to 2014.
62-624: Haima was founded in the 1990s as Hainan Mazda Motor, a joint venture partnership between the Chinese province of Hainan and Mazda that aimed to build Mazdas in China for the local market. In that composition, the company continued to exist until the early 2000s, when the Chinese FAW Group took over Mazda's 49 percent share of the company and formed Haima. However, this has no effect to Haima continuing to use dated Mazda platforms and technology, which led to
124-482: A Soviet -style command economy to a socialist market economy ( socialism with Chinese characteristics ), the plans since the 11th Five-Year Plan for 2006 to 2010 have been referred to in Chinese as "guidelines" ( Chinese : 规划 ; pinyin : guīhuà ) instead of as "plans" ( Chinese : 计划 ; pinyin : jìhuà ). Medium and long-term planning are central to coordinating state activity across many policy areas in China and China's Five-Year Plans are one of
186-550: A greater focus on consumer goods. It called for enhancing "eating, clothing, and daily use" items ( chi, chuan, yong ). During discussions of the Third Five Year Plan, Mao acknowledged that during the Great Leap Forward, "We set revenue too high and extended the infrastructure battlefront too long," and that it was "best to do less and well." The Plan ultimately called for the prioritization of national defense in
248-419: A joint venture with General Motors in 2009 and has joint ventures with a handful of other foreign companies as well. The company produced more than 1.5 million vehicles in 2008, and in 2009 it was the largest machinery corporation and the second largest auto manufacturer in China. In 2010, the 2.56 million units sold made it the third most-productive vehicle maker in China that year, and one of its offerings,
310-507: A new phase, one of exploration and development. In April 1979, the central government formally put forward new principles of readjustment, reform, rectification and improvement. According to China Daily , the 6th Plan was first planned as part of the "Ten Year National Economic Development Plan Outline for 1976–1985" until the State Council decided to redraft the country's mid- and long-term plans in 1980. The 1982 national planning meeting
372-774: A passenger car production base in the Chenghua District of Sichuan province and another in Changchun , Jilin province . As of 2008, its 10,000 units/year capacity production base in Changchun makes the Toyota Prius and the Toyota Land Cruiser . The other production base it controls may make buses. This equally owned joint venture with Toyota makes engines at its production bases in the Xiqing District of Tianjin and at
434-788: A second VW production base is, as of 2009, scheduled to be built in the city. The Dalian division of FAW Bus and Coach Co Ltd manufactures Jiefang and Yuan Zheng brand medium and large-size buses in a production base in Dalian , Liaoning province . An unfinished bus production base in at the Dalian Economic & Technological Development Zone is expected to be complete in mid-2010 and will produce hybrid buses. Another Dalian base produces engines for commercial trucks, construction equipment, and agricultural machinery. As of 2010, 150,000 units/year production capacity FAW-VW production base will soon be built in this Guangdong province city. Located in
496-517: A strong cooperative relationship with a foreign counterpart. SAIC was the first, in 1984 and also with VW . Volkswagen was the first foreign partner for FAW, but others soon followed. The company acquired 50% ownership of Tianjin Automotive Xiali in September, 2002, and renamed the brand FAW Tianjin . As a result, FAW ended up with Toyota as a foreign joint venture partner. FAW established
558-472: Is essentially a rebadged first generation Mazda Premacy . The Freema model sold between 2004 and 2011 only has one source of power on the specifications options, a 1.8 liter engine that produces 122 hp powering the front wheels via a five-speed manual transmission. Based on the same structure as the first generation Freema, the second generation Freema debuted in 2011 with prices starting at 83,800 yuan and ending at 109,800 yuan. The second generation Freema
620-621: Is one make of Jiefang branded trucks. Bestune was established on August 18, 2006, It may also be known as Ben Teng . It serves as the passenger car brand in FAW Group. Created in 2003, FAW operates this joint venture with Japanese automaker Toyota through Tianjin FAW . Key subsidiaries include: Operates a passenger car production base in the Nansha Economic Development District of Guangzhou , Guangdong province . Operates
682-478: Is powered by engines including a 120 hp 1.6 liter gasoline engine and a 122 hp 1.8 liter gasoline engine, both engines mated to a 5-speed manual gearbox or a CVT. Dimension wise, the second generation Haima Freema was given an extended wheelbase extended from the standard first generation Freema and Mazda Premacy. The extended longer wheelbase made it possible for Haima to offer the second generation Freema as an optional seven-seater. The front end design of
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#1732876928421744-576: The CCP Central Committee in the fall prior to the start of a Plan period. More detailed plans are approved by the National People's Congress the following March. These plans establish national priorities and outline how they will be met. Administratively, the Plans result in the development of numerous specific action plans across different levels of administration. These programs evolve over
806-590: The Central Military Commission , and the full proposal for the plan was released following the plenum and approved by the National People's Congress on 14 March 2011. The plan shifted emphasis from investment towards consumption and development from urban and coastal areas toward rural and inland areas – initially by developing small cities and greenfield districts to absorb coastal migration. The plan also continued to advocate objectives set out in
868-691: The Chinese Communist Party (CCP) since 1953 in the People's Republic of China . Since 1949, the CCP has shaped the Chinese economy through the plenums of its Central Committee and national party congresses . Planning is a key characteristic of the nominally socialist economies , and one plan established for the entire country normally contains detailed economic development guidelines for all its regions. In order to more accurately reflect China's transition from
930-770: The FAW-Volkswagen joint venture and the other makes self-branded autos. An unfinished production base in the Longquan Economic Development Zone in Chengdu , Sichuan province , replaces an older Sichuan base and will produce passenger cars for a FAW-Toyota joint venture, Tianjin FAW Toyota Motor Co Ltd, when it is completed in 2010. FAW Jiefang Truck Co Ltd also has a production base here. Another site in Chengdu produces cars for FAW-Volkswagen , and
992-906: The Tianjin Economic and Technological Development Zone . Combined, both bases can produce 440,000 units annually. Making engines at a 130,000 units/year capacity production base in the Changchun Economic and Technology Development Zone, this equally owned joint venture was established in 2004. Established in 1991, this large-scale automobile manufacturer is a joint venture between FAW Group and Volkswagen AG which, as of 2003, have ownership stakes of 60% and 40%, respectively. It manufactures Audi and Volkswagen -branded automobiles for sale in China. This subsidiary of FAW's joint venture with VW controls production bases in Chengdu , Sichuan province . A joint venture with General Motors that mainly produces Jiefang light-duty trucks, this JV includes
1054-459: The great sparrow campaign , which led to an infestation of locusts, as well as unprecedented natural and weather based issues, caused a huge decrease in food production. Simultaneously, rural officials, under huge pressure to meet their quotas, vastly overstated how much grain was available. Thus, a massive nationwide famine ensued. The policies of the Second Plan's Great Leap Forward departed from
1116-564: The " Made in China 2025 " plan. The 14th Five-Year Plan was drafted during the fifth plenum of the 19th Central Committee held from 26 to 29 October 2020. Han Wenxiu, the deputy director of the Office of the Central Finance and Economic Commission, said CCP general secretary Xi Jinping had personally led the drafting process through multiple meetings of the Politburo, its standing committee, and
1178-423: The 10th Five-Year Plan. The 11th Five-Year Plan introduced a new category of "binding targets" ( yueshuxing zhibiao ) intended as government promises. These binding targets have since been used especially in non-economic policy areas like environmental protection and land management. Of 22 targets listed in the 11th Five-Year Plan, eight of them were binding targets. These binding targets were incorporated into
1240-572: The 1976–1985 Ten Year Plan Outline of Developing National Economy (Draft) in 1975, which included the 5th Five-Year Plan. In March 1978, the Ten Year Development Outline was amended because the original version in 1975 stipulated that by 1985, steel and petroleum outputs should reach 60 and 250 million tons respectively, and 120 large projects, including 10 steel production bases, nine non-ferrous metal bases, eight coal bases and 10 oil and gas fields, should be built. To achieve these goals,
1302-586: The CPC had determined that gross value of agricultural products should increase 270%; in fact, the gain was a considerably more modest 35%. The country saw increases in capital construction over those observed during the first Five-Year Plan and also saw significant increases in industry (doubling output value) and income (workers and farmers, increase by as much as 30%). However, the Great Leap Forward , which diverted millions of agricultural workers into industry, and
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#17328769284211364-542: The Conference of CCP Delegates convened to adopt the "Proposal for the Seventh Five Year Plan" which was set to begin in 1986. The proposal demonstrated a shift from direct government control over enterprises to using indirect macroeconomic controls to "establish a new system for the socialist economy." In March 1986, the State Council submitted "The 7th Five Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development of
1426-504: The Eleventh Five-Year Plan to enhance environmental protection, accelerate the process of opening and reform, and emphasize Hong Kong's role as a center of international finance. It prioritized more equitable wealth distribution, increased domestic consumption, and improved social infrastructure and social safety nets. Improvements in the social safety net were intended to reduce precautionary saving . The plan sought to expand
1488-714: The FAW No. 2 Engine Factory, the FAW No. 2 Car Factory, and the former FAW No. 1 Car Factory, this publicly listed subsidiary produces cars, transmissions, and engines. It has a production base in western Changchun , Jilin province . Founded in 1959, it produces buses sold under the Taihu brand. Created in 1997 when FAW purchased a controlling interest in Hongta Yunnan Automobile Co Ltd, this subsidiary company, as of 2003, produces 1/2-3 ton pickups and light trucks as well as license-built Daihatsu models. This factory
1550-566: The FAW Xiali, was the 7th most-purchased car in China in 2010. It produced 2.6 million vehicles in 2011, the third-largest output of any China-based company. While it retained its third place rank, the number of whole vehicles produced in 2012 slowed to 2.3 million. Passenger cars made up a relatively scant 64% of total production that year. In July 2021, FAW transferred 49% of the shares of FAW Haima to Hainan Development Holdings Co., Ltd. (Hainan Holdings) at no charge. Haima Automobile holds 51% of
1612-526: The First Five-Year Plan was quite successful, especially in those areas emphasized by the Soviet-style development strategy. During this Plan period, China began developing a heavy-industrial base and brought its industrial production above what it had been prior to war. China also raised its agricultural production to above prewar levels, resulting primarily from gains in efficiency brought about by
1674-949: The Freema EV based on the second generation Freema carried on even after the internal combustion engine version was discontinued. FAW Group China FAW Group Corp., Ltd. ( First Automotive Works ) is a Chinese state-owned automobile manufacturer headquartered in Changchun , Jilin . Founded on 15 July 1953, it is currently the second largest of the " Big Four " state-owned car manufacturers of China, together with SAIC Motor , Dongfeng Motor Corporation and Changan Automobile . The company produces and sells vehicles under its own branding, such as Hongqi , Bestune (Benteng) as well as under foreign-branded joint ventures such as FAW-Toyota and FAW-Volkswagen (Volkswagen, Audi, Jetta). Its principal products are automobiles, buses, light, medium and heavy-duty trucks, and auto parts. FAW became China's first automobile manufacturer when it unveiled
1736-523: The Harbin Light Vehicle and FAW Hongta Yunnan factories. This joint venture with General Motors mainly produces Jiefang light-duty trucks. This joint venture with US based design firm Silk EV produces high end luxury hybrid sports cars. FAW has at least 28 wholly owned subsidiaries and controlling shares in 18 partially owned subsidiaries. These include the wholly owned subsidiaries FAW Jiefang Truck Co Ltd and FAW Bus and Coach Co Ltd, and
1798-1051: The People's Republic of China, 1986–1990" to the Fourth Session of the Sixth National People's Congress for review and ratification. It was the first time in China's history that an all-round plan for social and economic development was created at the start of a new five-year plan. The national goals of the Plan included speeding up development on the coast, with inland regions role's being to "support and accelerate coastal development." During this Plan period, different regions of China were encouraged to develop by leveraging their respective advantages. Coastal regions were instructed to focused on "the restructuring of traditional industries, new industries, and consumer goods production." Western regions were to focus on processing and agriculture. In central regions, energy, construction, and minerals were
1860-444: The Plan, considerable success was achieved. In 1977, the gross output value of industry and agriculture reached 505.5 billion yuan, 4.4% above-target and representing an increase of 10.4% compared with the previous year. Gross domestic product for 1978 reached 301 billion yuan, an increase of 12.3% compared with 1977, and an increase of 19.4% compared with 1976. However, during this period, the Chinese economy developed too quickly, and
1922-496: The USSR is even credited with choosing Changchun as the location for the first FAW facility. First Automotive Works initially made only commercial trucks, but started producing passenger cars in 1958. These vehicles, Hongqi luxury sedans, were the first domestically produced Chinese automobiles. Made primarily for the party elite, the design changed little over their thirty-year production run. Following this, FAW's Audi products are
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1984-650: The United States or the Soviet Union, the First Automotive Works transferred a third of its workforce to develop the Second Automotive Works. In 1992, the name First Automotive Works was changed to FAW Group Corporation. Though FAW was the fourth Chinese automaker to take on Western partners, its early joint venture with Volkswagen in 1990 saw it become the second Chinese auto company to develop
2046-438: The United States would ultimately invade China. Support among leadership for Mao's proposed Third Front construction increased as a result and changed the direction of the Third Five Year Plan. The Fourth Five Year Plan sought decentralization and prioritized "small scale, indigenous, and labor intensive" development projects over "large scale, foreign, and capital intensive" development. The central government stipulated
2108-479: The approach in the Soviet-inspired First Plan, which stressed central command and extensive planning. Instead, the approach entailed local areas marshalling all available resources for large projects. In 1960–61, attempts were made to redirect twenty million workers into agricultural production and to reallocate investment into those industrial sectors that could further support agriculture. This shift
2170-476: The approach in the first Five-Year Plan was for the government to buy them out, including through coercing reluctant sellers if necessary. Government control over industry was increased during this period by applying financial pressures and inducements to convince owners of private, modern firms to sell them to the state or convert them into joint public-private enterprises under state control. The Plan strained agricultural production. In terms of economic growth,
2232-463: The automaker FAW Group. Hongqi was launched in 1958, making it the oldest Chinese passenger car marque. In Chinese, hongqi means " red flag ." Jiefang is the medium and heavy trucks brand of FAW Group. The first truck rolled off of the lines in 1956, which was the first ever-built truck by the People's Republic of China . Jiefang became a subsidiary on 18 January 2003 with two subsidiaries of its own, Qingdao Truck Division and FAW Trading Company, it
2294-415: The course of the plan period. As academic Sebastian Heilmann observes, this process is best viewed as a planning coordination and evaluation cycle rather than a unified blueprint. China's Five-Year Plans have been praised for their efficiency, capabilities and their importance to rapid economic growth, development, corporate finance and industrial policies . Having restored a viable economic base,
2356-488: The criteria for local cadre performance evaluations. The Plan also reflected a change in terminology to the allocation of administrative resources via "programs" rather than "plans." The Twelfth Five-Year Guideline was debated in mid-October 2010 at the fifth plenary session of the 17th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party , the same session in which Xi Jinping was selected as Vice Chairman of
2418-519: The drafting panel that he headed. The Plan was drafted against the backdrop of worsening China–United States relations and the COVID-19 pandemic , which caused China's economy to shrink in the first quarter of 2020 – the first time in 44 years. Continuing themes from the prior two plans, the Fourteenth Five-Year Plan also seeks to boost the services sector, increase urbanization, and expand
2480-616: The first five-year plan ), and produced its first product, the Jiefang CA-10 truck (based on the Soviet ZIS-150 ) in 1956. Soviet Russia lent assistance during these early years providing technical support, tooling, and production machinery. Before the first factory opened, 39 Chinese FAW employees traveled to the Stalin Truck Factory for instruction in truck production. Operations were conducted under Soviet direction, and
2542-490: The first generation Haima Freema model being sold as a rebadge of the Mazda Premacy and the second generation Freema model still utilizing the same platform. Haima converted 12 copies of the first generation Freema into electric vehicles as part of a field test, and later launched the Freema EV in 2011. Production continued after the second generation gasoline-powered Freema was discontinued. The first generation Haima Freema
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2604-557: The focus on developing industry, northeast China was the region which received the greatest share of state funds during the First Plan. The First Five-Year Plan phrased its developmental focus in the terminology of revolution. It attributed the backwards state of China's economy to contradictions between the developing productive forces and the capitalist relations of production . Agriculture, fishing, and forestry would be collectivized. Regarding commercial and services industries,
2666-533: The focus. During the 10th Five-Year Plan, the strategic purpose of planning shifted from narrow, quantitative growth targets to coordinating structural and qualitative changes in economic and social growth targets. The Plan described science, technology, and human resources as decisive areas to improve for China to catch-up with the most advanced countries. Focuses included growing the services sector, developing domestic economic demand, rural urbanization, and western development. Environmental sustainability
2728-399: The government would invest 70 billion yuan in infrastructure construction, equaling total national investment over the previous 28 years. These were impossible targets and ran counter to economic development rules. The Plan put forward suggestions to set up an independent and comparatively complete industrial system and national economic system from 1978 to 1980. With the implementation of
2790-456: The leadership under Chairman Mao Zedong , Premier Zhou Enlai , and other revolutionary veterans sought to implement what they termed a socialist transformation of China. The First Five-Year Plan was deeply influenced by Soviet methodologies and assistance from Soviet planners. Industrial development was the primary goal. With Soviet assistance in the form of both funds and experts, China began to develop industries from scratch. Consistent with
2852-446: The light of a possible big war, actively preparing for conflicts and speeding up construction in three key areas; national defense, science and technology, and industry and transport infrastructure. The turn towards a greater emphasis on developing heavy industries and national defense industries was prompted by the Gulf of Tonkin incident , which increased fears among Chinese leadership that
2914-474: The most prominent examples of this approach. Through the Five-Year Plans, the CCP and the government establish their policy priorities. Five-Year Plans continue to be a central means of organizing policy in China, especially in the areas of environmental protection , education , and industrial policy . The initial formulation of a Five-Year Plan begins with fairly short, general guidelines prepared by
2976-601: The nation's first domestically produced passenger car, the Hongqi, in 1958. As a state-owned enterprise of China, FAW Group is controlled and managed by SASAC , which under Chinese law performs the functions of an investor. The company has three publicly traded subsidiaries: FAW Jiefang Group Co., Ltd. ( SZSE : 000800 ), Changchun FAWAY Automobile Components Co., Ltd. ( SSE : 600742 ) and Qiming INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY Co., Ltd. ( SZSE : 002232 ). First Automotive Works broke ground on its first factory in 1953 (the first year of
3038-552: The pre-facelift second generation Haima Freema is especially controversial as it heavily resembles the front end of the Toyota Camry / Aurion (XV40) . The second generation Freema received a facelift in 2014 mainly updating the front end with refreshed bumpers and grilles. The Haima Freema EV (普力马EV) is the electric variant of the Haima Freema. It was initially launched in 2011 based on the first generation Freema, and production of
3100-509: The products it produces carry the Oley brand. Established in 1997, this part-owned subsidiary designs, produces, and markets medium and heavy truck bodies, wheels, and components for both FAW and other manufacturers. Established in 1965, this FAW Group subsidiary made military vehicles until partnering with FAW in the 1990s. It has since produced pickups, Jiefang trucks, and mini-vehicles (small trucks and vans that see commercial use). This factory
3162-616: The publicly traded FAW Car Co Ltd , Tianjin FAW Xiali Automobile Co Ltd, and Changchun FAWAY Automobile Components Co Ltd. The following is an incomplete list. Chengdu FAW produces Huaxi brand light and medium buses based on the Toyota Coaster . Originally the Sichuan Bus Company, it became a partially-owned subsidiary in 2002 after acquisition by FAW. Created in 1997 from the merger of Changchun Gear Factory,
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#17328769284213224-401: The reorganization and cooperation achieved through cooperative farming. Although urbanization had not been a specific goal of the plan's focus on industrialization, industrialization also prompted extensive urban growth. By 1956, China had completed its socialist transformation of the domestic economy. This plan was created to accomplish several tasks, including: The Political Bureau of
3286-565: The services industry in order to increase employment and continue urbanization to help raise real wages . Continuing themes from the Twelfth Five-Year Plan, the Thirteenth Five-Year Plan also sought to boost the services sector, increase urbanization, and expand the social safety net to reduce precautionary savings. It also emphasized innovation, the completion of building a moderately prosperous society , and started
3348-480: The shares in FAW Haima, while Hainan Holdings hold 49% of the shares. As of 2024, many other brands have been liquidated, leaving only Hongqi and Bestune as passenger car brands. FAW sold products under at least ten different brands including its own, but most of its brands has been discontinued or consolidated into Hongqi , Jiefang and Bestune brand currently. Hongqi is a Chinese luxury car marque owned by
3410-424: The sunny, southern vacation spot of Hainan island and built in 1958, Hainan Island Test Grounds is an auto testing site that includes a test track. FAW Hainan Automobile Co Ltd operates FAW's southernmost production facility here. Five-Year Plans of China The Five-Year Plans ( Chinese : 五年计划 ; pinyin : Wǔnián Jìhuà ) are a series of social and economic development initiatives issued by
3472-479: The traditionally favoured choice for ranking Chinese state officials. The First Automotive Works "winged 1" badge is derived from the Chinese 一汽 ("一" meaning "one" and "汽", from "汽车" meaning "automotive") and depicts a hawk spreading its wings, 一 (1). The logo was introduced in 1964. During the Third Front campaign to develop strategic industries in China's rugged interior to prepare for potential invasion from
3534-413: The very high goals triggered the onset of yet another round of mistakes. In December 1978, the 3rd Plenary Session of the 11th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party shifted the work focus of the CCP to modernization. The Session emphasized that the development should follow economic rules and proposed readjustment and reform measures, which indicated that national economic development had entered
3596-470: Was again mainly focused on the drafting of the Plan. It was only in December that year that the fifth meeting of the 5th National People's Congress officially ratified the Plan. The Sixth Five-Year Plan was the first to address government policy support for solar PV panel manufacturing. Policy support for solar panel manufacturing has been a part of every Five-Year Plan since. In late September 1985,
3658-407: Was also addressed. Goals included increasing forest coverage to 18.2%, and the urban green rate to 35%. The total amount of major urban and rural pollutants discharged were targeted for a 10% reduction as compared with 2000, and more measures would be taken to protect and save natural resources. The planning philosophy for the 11th Five-Year Plan was significantly shaped by a mid-term evaluation of
3720-502: Was also in sharp contrast to the rapid industrialization seen in the First Five-Year Plan. The Third Plan was originally due early in 1963, but at that time China's economy was too dislocated, as a result of the failure of the Great Leap Forward and four poor harvests to permit any planned operations. No five-year plan ultimately covered the period 1963–1965. As initially conceived, the Third Five Year Plan emphasized further development in China's already more developed coastal areas and
3782-476: Was included in the FAW-GM Light Duty Commercial Vehicle joint venture. Founded in 1980, this company became a wholly owned subsidiary of FAW Group in either 1987 or March 1991. It manufactures compact trucks and buses originally based on Suzukis. More recently, Jilin participated in a five-year-long joint venture with Daihatsu . As of 2012, this company has two factories and some of
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#17328769284213844-597: Was included in the FAW-GM Light Duty Commercial Vehicle joint venture. FAW has production bases located in 14 provinces throughout China including the provinces of Guangdong , Hainan , Heilongjiang , Jilin , Liaoning , Shandong , Sichuan , and Yunnan . Non-provincial locales include Pudong and Tianjin . FAW headquarters are located in Changchun , Jilin province , and operations here include an R&D and test center. Additionally, FAW has two production bases here—one produces for
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