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129-657: HSE University (Russian: «Высшая школа экономики», ВШЭ ), officially the National Research University Higher School of Economics (Russian: Национальный исследовательский университет «Высшая школа экономики» ) is a public research university founded in 1992 and headquartered in Moscow, Russia. Along with its main campus located in the capital, the university maintains three other regional campuses in Nizhny Novgorod , Perm and Saint Petersburg . There

258-601: A centrally based economy to a market economy started in the USSR in the 1980s. Consequently, in 1992, Gaidar's government initiated a number of reforms  [ ru ] that drastically increased the need for specialists familiar with the contemporary world economy to conduct analysis and run predictions. In 1992, the government enacted a law authorizing the creation of private universities. At that time, in Russia, 33 state universities specialized in sociology and economy. Reforming

387-709: A higher reputation domestically and globally . The University Grants Committee funds eight public universities in Hong Kong . The Hong Kong Academy for Performing Arts also receives funding from the government . There are four self-financing universities, namely Hong Kong Metropolitan University , Hong Kong Shue Yan University , Hang Seng University of Hong Kong , and Saint Francis University . In India , most universities and nearly all research institutions are public. Some private undergraduate colleges exist but most are engineering schools that are affiliated with public universities. Private schools can be partially aided by

516-673: A university institute , and a distance university in Portugal . Higher education in Portugal provided by state-run institutions is not free; students must pay a tuition fee. However, the tuition fee is lower than that of private universities. The highest tuition fee allowed by law in public universities is €697 per year as of 2022. Public universities include some of the most selective and demanding higher learning institutions in Portugal. In Russia , about 7.5 million students study in thousands of universities. Founded in 1755, Moscow State University

645-527: A few private institutions of higher learning, such as the National College of Ireland . However, none of the private institutions have university status and are highly specialized. Almost all universities in Italy are public but have institutional autonomy by law. The Italian state provides the majority of university funding. Therefore, students pay relatively low tuition fees, set by each university according to

774-1249: A handful of community colleges. In 2008, the Philippine Congress passed Republic Act 9500, declaring the University of the Philippines as the national university to distinguish it from all other state universities and colleges. Other notable public colleges and universities include the Polytechnic University of the Philippines , Technological University of the Philippines , Philippine Normal University , Batangas State University , and Mindanao State University . There are six autonomous public universities in Singapore , including National University of Singapore founded in 1905, Nanyang Technological University founded 1981, Singapore Management University founded in 2000, Singapore University of Technology and Design and Singapore Institute of Technology founded in 2009, and Singapore University of Social Sciences founded in 2017. In Sri Lanka , there are seventeen public universities. Most public universities are funded by

903-583: A job assignment to Leningrad and remained in her native region, because she did not want to leave her elderly mother alone. She worked as a primary school teacher in a rural school. Volodin graduated in mechanical engineering from the faculty of organization and technology of the Saratov State Agrarian University in 1986, and then obtained a Doctor of Law from the Russian Academy of State Service  [ Wikidata ] under

1032-585: A large family. His father was the captain of the river fleet; he died at the age of 51 in 1969. After the death of his father, he was brought up by his stepfather. His sister is an employee of a consulting firm, and his brother is a military pensioner. All of them, according to Volodin himself, live in the Saratov Oblast. His mother graduated from the Saratov Pedagogical College  [ Wikidata ] . After completing her studies, she refused

1161-525: A low-interest loan from the Higher Education Loan Board; students must pay back the loan after completing their higher education. In Nigeria , both the federal and state governments may establish public universities. South Africa has 26 public universities which are members of Universities in South Africa. These are categorized as traditional or comprehensive universities. In Tunisia ,

1290-530: A meeting of the State Duma, interrupted the report of the Minister of Economic Development Maxim Oreshkin and did not allow him to finish his speech. Volodin accused him of being unprepared and offered to report again in a month (usually such reports pass only once a year). According to some deputies, this case is the first in the entire post-Soviet history of Russia. On 6 April 2019, Volodin proposed amendments to

1419-631: A national institution in 1926, the Academy of Athens is the highest research establishment in Greece. Private higher education institutions cannot operate in Greece and are not recognized as degree-awarding bodies by the Greek government. In Ireland , nearly all universities, institutes of technology, colleges, and some third-level institutions are public. The state pays the cost of educating undergraduates, although students must contribute approximately €3,000. There are

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1548-433: A permanent rector - Yaroslav Kuzminov - who also participated in the founding of the university. In July 2021, Yaroslav Kuzminov resigned. Nikita Anisimov  [ ru ] became the new rector. Kuzminov was elected to the post of Academic Supervisor, which Yevgeny Yasin left for health reasons. Prior to that, the former Minister of Economics Yevgeny Yasin held the position of Academic Supervisor and represented

1677-464: A talk at the show discussing Navalny and some aspects of contemporary Russian state discourse, the recording of the speech was not published on the website as it usually happened with other talks. However, its full transcription was published on the BBC website . The Department of Media and Communications apologized to students who publicly protested against the case, calling it a manifestation of censorship. In

1806-573: A university, not a college, can issue doctorate degrees in Israel. In Japan , public universities are run by local governments, either prefectural or municipal. According to the Ministry of Education , public universities have "provided an opportunity for higher education in a region and served the central role of intellectual and cultural base for the local community in the region" and are "expected to contribute to social, economical and cultural development in

1935-531: A year and have to retake them, pay a partial or full tuition fee, ranging from €500 to €2000 per year. Private universities have existed in Serbia since 1989 but are held in less esteem because they are generally less academically rigorous than the public universities. Of the 74 universities in Spain , 54 are public and funded by the autonomous community in which they are based. University funding differs by region. However,

2064-448: Is a university or college that is owned by the state or receives significant funding from a government. Whether a national university is considered public varies from one country (or region) to another, largely depending on the specific education landscape. In contrast a private university is usually owned and operated by a private corporation (not-for-profit or for profit). Both types are often regulated, but to varying degrees, by

2193-520: Is a Russian politician who currently serves as the 10th Chairman of the State Duma since 2016. He is a former aide to President Vladimir Putin . The former Secretary-General of the United Russia party, he was a deputy in the State Duma from 1999 until 2011 and from 2016 to present day. From 2010 until 2012, he was Deputy Prime Minister of Russia . He is also a former first deputy Chief of Staff of

2322-513: Is a public research university and the most prestigious university in Russia. Saint Petersburg State University is a state-owned university that was founded in 1724; it is managed by the government of the Russian Federation . In Serbia , over 85% of college students study at state-operated public universities. Academically well-performing students pay only administrative fees of less than €100 per year. Students who fail multiple classes in

2451-674: Is also the Lyceum at HSE University in Moscow. Widely regarded among the most prestigious universities in Russia and the CIS , it acquired the status of "national research university" in 2009. HSE was the first educational institution in Russia to successfully introduce Bachelor's and Master's degrees, having also taken part in the development and implementation of the Unified State Exam to modernize education and health care systems of Russia. Starting from 2013, HSE University has also participated in

2580-588: Is around 1 million people, 17% of which are listeners from the United States. As of 2018, the university was involved in the work of 37 international laboratories, three of which are located in regional campuses. They were established on the initiative and at the expense of the university as well as "Megagrants" from the government. Among academic supervisors was Nobel Laureate in Economics Eric Maskin (Laboratory of Decision Choice and Analysis), receiver of

2709-544: Is determined only by the Russian people in the democratic elections—and no one else". Later Klintsevich denied the words of Chepurnoy and called it slander. At the same time, one of the members of the Moscow organization "Safe Capital" said that Klintsevich really mentioned the presidential ambitions of Volodin. "At one of the meetings in 2016 with our organization Klintsevich said that it is necessary to support Volodin in all his endeavors, because he, according to Klintsevich, will be

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2838-612: Is the Faculty of Economic Sciences . However, it later began to focus on Mathematics and Information Technology Programs. In 2017, HSE University launched degrees in Physics and Engineering Sciences, and even announced plans to open experimental laboratories at the institutes of the Russian Academy of Sciences . At the same time, the university launched the program " Data culture " aimed at the gradual implementation of digital literacy courses in all departmental units. In 1999, HSE University divided

2967-671: Is the only university in Russia that is ranked in top 100 of the Times Higher Education Young University Rankings. Furthermore, university representatives are part of the Civic Chamber of the Russian Federation and the Expert Council under the Government of Russia . HSE University was established on 27 November 1992 by a decree from the Russian government. Since then, the university has been administered by

3096-588: Is waiting for them with open arms" because they "committed treason against Russia". On 22 November 2023, he met with Chinese President Xi Jinping in Beijing. Volodin said that Russia and China are "not only strategic partners, but also strategic friends." They talked about deepening cooperation in the field of international platforms such as the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO), the BRICS group,

3225-732: The 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine by the Russian Union of Rectors (RUR) in March 2022, for being "diametrically opposed to the European values that they committed to when joining EUA”. In response to the Russian invasion, in March 2022 the Hamburg University of Applied Sciences , the Fletcher School at Tufts University , School of Slavonic and East European Studies at UCL , and Australian National University suspended their relationships with

3354-674: The Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) and the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU). On 16 February 2024, Volodin blamed "Washington", " Brussels " and various critics of the Kremlin in Western " unfriendly countries " for the death of opposition leader Alexei Navalny . On 20 April 2017, at the meeting of the organizing committee for the Victory Day, which was held by President Vladimir Putin, the head of

3483-596: The Constitution allowing the State Duma to participate more actively in the formation of the government . According to him, the State Duma should at least participate in consultations when appointing members of the government (currently, the participation of the State Duma in the formation of the government is limited only by the fact that it must give consent to the President to appoint the Prime Minister). Volodin said that

3612-577: The Fields Medal Andrei Okounkov and other professors from foreign universities. Besides research and development , and fundamental and applied research, the university has published the results of 15 large-scale continuously monitored studies, 11 statistics volumes, while additionally supporting national entrepreneurship, and starting from 2000, they have made filings to the Unified Archive of Economic and Sociological Data. According to

3741-523: The Korea National Open University which offers distance learning. The University of Seoul is a public municipal university. Manas University in Kyrgyzstan is a public higher education institution that offers associate degrees, undergraduate degrees, and graduate and postgraduate degrees. The University of Macau , Macao Polytechnic University , and Macao University of Tourism are

3870-520: The Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research controls public universities and guarantees admission to students who earn a Tunisian Baccalaureate . Using a state website, the students make a wish list of the universities they want to attend, with the highest-ranking students getting priority choices. Universities rank students according to the results of their baccalaureate. There are forty public universities in Bangladesh . They are overseen by

3999-683: The President of the Russian Federation in 1995. He obtained a PhD in law from the St. Petersburg University of the Russian Interior Ministry  [ Wikidata ] in 1996 with a thesis titled A Russian Constituent Entity: Problems of Power, Law-making and Administration ( Russian : Субъект Российской Федерации: проблемы власти, законотворчества и управления , romanized :  Subyekt Rossiyskoy Federatsii: problemy vlasti, zakonotvorchestva i upravleniya , lit.   'Subject of

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4128-484: The Presidential Administration of Russia . He has the federal state civilian service rank of 1st class Active State Councillor of the Russian Federation . Volodin engineered Putin's conservative turn in his third term and is considered part of his inner circle . Volodin was born 4 February 1964 in the village of Alekseyevka  [ Wikidata ] , Khvalynsky District , Saratov Oblast , in

4257-582: The Project 5-100 (the project was initiated by the Ministry of Education and Science to promote at least five Russian universities to the top 100 universities according to Times Higher Education World University Rankings , QS World University Rankings , and Academic Ranking of World Universities ). In 2022 it was ranked #568 in Best Global Universities by U.S. News & World Report , and #881 by Center for World University Rankings , and in 2020 it

4386-402: The United Russia congress, the university was called a "snake’s nest". Meanwhile, journalist Vladimir Solovyov spoke about HSE: "They are absolutely openly inciting things here, de facto preparing such a Maidan underground and are that very fifth column ." HSE has repeatedly appeared in political news. For example, in 2009, after a Dissenters' March , HSE management received a demand from

4515-785: The University Grants Commission which was created by the government in 1973. Most universities in Brunei are public. In the People's Republic of China , nearly all universities and research institutions are public. Typically, provincial governments run public universities. However, some are administered by municipal governments or are national , which the central government directly administers. Private undergraduate colleges exist but are primarily vocational colleges sponsored by private entities. Private universities usually cannot award bachelor's degrees. Public universities tend to enjoy

4644-708: The University of Mons in 2009. The state-created university founded in Antwerp in 1971 is now part of University of Antwerp . Hasselt University started as a state-created public institution managed by the Province of Limburg . Similarly, the Province of Luxembourg managed the state-created public university in Arlon which became part of ULiège in 2004. Since 1891, private universities have gradually become state-recognized and funded. Some private, mostly Catholic, organizations are called free institutions, as in administratively free from

4773-502: The Wagner Group rebellion . In October 2023, Volodin said that Russians who "desire the victory of the murderous Nazi Kyiv regime" should be sent to the far-eastern region of Magadan , known for its Stalin-era Gulag camps, and forced to work in the mines. In November 2023, he wrote on his Telegram channel that Russians who left the country after the Russian invasion of Ukraine and are now returning "should understand that no one here

4902-590: The Yandex group) – the Faculty of Computer Science. The first admission to the Faculty of Physics took place in 2017. In 2018, the university opened the faculties of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology. In recent years (2019–2020) the heads of various faculties in agreement with each other decided to start the company of renaming their faculties. The corresponding decision was made by the HSE Academic Council as part of

5031-512: The anti-government protests of 2009, many university students and lecturers attended rallies. After that, the HSE administration received a request from the Moscow police to expel students and to fire professors that took part in anti-government activities. However, the university refused to take the requested action elaborating on its decision with the phrase: "they [students and professors] are not forbidden from participating in politics". In March 2011,

5160-437: The constitution of Greece , higher education institutions (HEI) include universities, technical universities, and specialist institutions. HEI undergraduate programs are government-funded and do not charge tuition. A quarter of HEI postgraduate programs are tuition-free. After individual assessments, thirty percent of Greek students are entitled to attend any of the statutory postgraduate programs without tuition fees. Founded as

5289-579: The 150 universities in Taiwan are public. Because the Taiwanese government provides funding to public universities, their students pay less than half the tuition fees of those at private universities. Ten public universities were established before the 1980s and are the most prestigious in Taiwan. As a result, most students choose public universities for their tertiary education. In the late 19th century Thailand , there

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5418-531: The Center for Fundamental Research to coordinate university research including government orders. The first international laboratories affiliated with the university were launched in 2010–2011. By the beginning of the 2000s, universities in Russia were deprived of full state support and were forced to attract funds and investors on their own. At that time, HSE was already an influential think tank with more than 20% of its income earned by performing custom research. Besides

5547-799: The Code de l'éducation states that " private higher education establishments can in no case take the title of university. " Nevertheless, many private institutions, such as the Catholic University of Lille or the Catholic University of Lyon , use the university as their marketing name. Most higher education institutions in Germany are public and operated by the states . All professors are public servants. Public universities are generally held in higher esteem than their private counterparts. From 1972 through 1998, public universities were tuition-free; however, some states have since adopted low tuition fees. According to

5676-496: The Communist Party was again the sole opponent running against Volodin. On 12 October, Volodin was re-elected Chairman of the State Duma with a majority of 360 votes. In October 2016, he was among the three most influential politicians in Russia (after presidents Vladimir Putin and Dmitry Medvedev ) by rating of the Center for Political Technologies. According to a survey conducted by the expert-analytical center of RANEPA ,

5805-754: The Deputy Prime Minister of the Russian Federation). HSE founders noted that they intentionally avoided the term "university" and instead choose "school" referring to the London School of Economics . The European Union and the Government of France immediately sponsored the project. Therefore, HSE University sent its scholars to study in the Netherlands and invited professors from the Sorbonne University and Erasmus Programme . The missing library

5934-525: The Gaidar Institute for Economic Policy. HSE University was initially planned as a think tank for officials. It was supposed to promote reforms in Russia, to train economists, analysts, and teachers who would be able to work in the new conditions for the new government. On 27 November 1992, Gaidar signed the government decree "On creation of the Higher School of Economics" (it was his last decree as

6063-540: The HSE campus in Moscow launched the public project "University opened to the city" aimed at conducting a series of lectures, exhibitions, master classes, festivals, and educational activities for citizens. Following the example of the main campus, regional branches have also organized open lecture halls. For instance, in Saint Petersburg, a regular series of lectures takes place on the New Holland Island . In Perm,

6192-431: The HSE campus launched the summer lecture hall. Other social projects include Master's programs for teachers, development of education standards, expert support for Russian universities, work in associations, and free citizens' consultations on social and judicial questions. Despite its proximity to the government, the Higher School of Economics has repeatedly become the target of politically charged criticism. In 2014, at

6321-425: The HSE development programs for 2030, aimed at further increasing the university's global competitiveness. The main reason for doing so is that originally HSE was primarily focused on Economic studies, but with constant rapid development a lot of new branches appeared. Thus, instead of Higher School of Economics Faculty of Management it will be named "Higher School of Business". In 2010, a bronze bust of Yegor Gaidar

6450-423: The Higher School of Economics (HSE University) has recorded courses for Coursera . According to the platform's official statistics, in 2018, HSE university was in top universities with the most recorded online courses. Altogether, it had posted around 100 courses, 25 of which were in English. As for 2017, HSE had the most recorded courses among all universities in the country. The average number of course participants

6579-482: The Higher School of Economics, searches were carried out at the department of the presidential adviser on human rights, Mikhail Fedotov , who participated in the examination of the second criminal case of YUKOS . At the beginning of 2014, the government delayed the consideration of Yaroslav Kuzminov’s candidacy for the position of rector, but in the end the contract was extended for another five years. Public university A public university or public college

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6708-520: The Kyiv terrorist regime". On 18 May 2023, Volodin claimed that the "special military operation" in Ukraine "was inevitable." According to Volodin, "If it had not been started, the war that would have broken literally the following day or in a few days, would have dragged the world into a tragedy. That tragedy was prevented." He accused NATO, the United States and the European Union of "waging war in Ukraine" and claimed that "NATO assumed control over Ukraine, brought its mercenaries there both to power and to

6837-423: The London School of Economics (LSE) signed the agreement on establishing The International College of Economics and Finance (ICEF), that was later renamed to "International Institute of Economics and Finance". According to the regulations of the University of London, starting from the second year, students take classes in English. Upon the successful completion of requirements, they receive a double diploma issued by

6966-410: The Ministry of Education controls all public universities. Students enroll after completing a 8-4-4 educational program system and attaining a mark of C+ or above. Students who meet the criteria set annually by the Kenya Universities and Colleges Central Placement Service receive government sponsorship, with the government providing part of their university or college fees. Students are also eligible for

7095-487: The Moscow State University wherein 1989 Kuzminov founded "alternative" (or non-communist) Department of Economics sponsored by the Soros Foundation . In 1991, together with economists Oleg Ananin and Rustem Nureev , Kuzminov and Yasin prepared a grant application for the European Union . The proposed project was drawn up for 100 million euro that aimed to provide "technical assistance in the field of economic education". The proposed project included about 30 projects, including

7224-417: The Moscow police to expel students and fire lecturers who participated in the march. The university refused, noting that "they are not prohibited from engaging in politics." In March 2011, a debate took place at HSE between Alexei Navalny and Yaroslav Kuzminov about the "public procurement law" 94-FZ in the presence of representatives of the Ministry of Economic Development. In 2013, on the Moscow campus of

7353-410: The Nadezhda Ivanovna Makeeva associated Bolshoy Gorod LLC ( Russian : ООО «Большой Город» ). Makeeva's husband is the chairman of the board of NMC "Itera" Vladimir Pavlovich Makeev ( Russian : НГК «Итера» Владимир Павлович Макеев ) who is a close associate of the president of Itera Igor Makarov . Uncovered by Anonymous International and made public in June 2014, Volodin is a strong supporter of

7482-404: The Organization of Veterans of the War in Afghanistan Andrey Chepurnoy  [ ru ] spoke. He criticized Senator Frants Klintsevich  [ Wikidata ] , Chairman of the Russian Union of Veterans of Afghanistan. He spoke about the letter of Klintsevich, in which he indicates Volodin as the next President. Commenting on this speech, Putin said that "the successor to the President

7611-429: The Punjab is the biggest public university, followed by University of Karachi . The public universities receive guidance and recognition from the Higher Education Commission . There are more than 500 public higher education institutions in the Philippines that are controlled and managed by the Commission on Higher Education . Of the 500, 436 are state colleges and universities, 31 local colleges and universities, and

7740-424: The Russian Academic Excellence Project alone, the state granted 950 million rubles (as of January 2020, this amounts to approximately 13,874,037 euro). In 2007, HSE University co-founders established the HSE financial endowment – the nonprofit organization that accepts donations on behalf of the university and invests the received funds. The profit goes to the development of university projects. As of December 2018,

7869-437: The Russian Federation: problems of power, lawmaking and governance'). He worked as a lecturer and assistant professor while he studied in Petersburg. Since 2 August 2009 through the cooperative "Sosny" ( Russian : ДНП «Сосны» ), Volodin is a business partner of Sergey Neverov ( Russian : Сергей Неверов ), who was the Deputy Chairman of the State Duma and United Russia, Igor Rudensky ( Russian : Игорь Руденский ), who

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7998-405: The Russian ratings on the quality of education. The campus in Saint Petersburg was founded in 1997. As of 2018, the university in Saint Petersburg ranked third among the socio-economic universities of Russia and second in the city by rating of the average USE admission score of its entrants. As of 2019, the campus has a population of 5500 students and 485 faculty. The third regional campus in Perm

8127-404: The Shanghai Ranking. In September 1993, HSE University became the first university that introduced the Bologna education system in Russia. Thus, when Russia joined the Bologna Process in 1998, the Higher School of Economics already had certified graduates from the program – the first Master's graduation happened in 1995, while the Bachelor's took place the next year. In 1997, HSE University and

8256-450: The Speaker of the National Assembly of South Africa , Nosiviwe Mapisa-Nqakula . On 3 May 2023, Volodin called the alleged drone attack on the Kremlin a "terrorist attack" on Russia and compared the Ukrainian government to terrorist organizations such as al-Qaeda and the Islamic State , saying that "The Nazi Kyiv regime must be recognised as a terrorist organisation." He demanded the use of "weapons capable of stopping and destroying

8385-405: The State Duma Vyacheslav Volodin , the founder of " Sberbank " Herman Gref , the president of Renova Group Viktor Vekselberg , Russian billionaire technology entrepreneur Arkady Volozh , chairman of the management board of Otkritie FC Bank Mikhail Mikhailovich Zadornov , a major shareholder of the Russian gas company Novatek Leonid Mikhelson , philanthropist Vadim Moshkovich , as well as

8514-491: The State Duma hosted the Second "Russia-Africa" International Parliamentary Conference and Volodin met with more than 40 parliamentary delegations from most African countries . In a meeting with African representatives, he claimed that Washington and Brussels seek to take control of Russian and African natural resources and continue their colonial policies , saying that "They take all measures, including violent and terrorist, for their own benefit." He held bilateral meetings with

8643-494: The UBI Global World, in 2018, the university's business incubator was in the top 7 of world university incubators. Since 1 February 2017, HSE has been on the list of 23 Russian universities that grant academic degrees . In addition, the university has 16 dissertation councils. As of 2018, HSE University publishes 26 scientific journals, 11 of which are indexed in Scopus , and two in WoS . The average citation index in Scopus increased from 0.5% in 2013 to 6.2% in 2016. In 2013,

8772-415: The US and ban him from entering the United States. On 12 May 2014, Volodin was added to the European Union sanctions list due to his role in the annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation . He is barred from entering countries in the EU, and his assets in the EU have been frozen. He was sanctioned by the United Kingdom government the same year. For the first time, rumors that Volodin could become

8901-417: The USE, HSE experts worked on administrative reforms and on "The Digital Russia Program". In August 2008, HSE University became directly subordinated to the Russian government with which it was working closely for the previous five years. Under the instructions of the President, the university initiated the development of the "Strategy 2020" program. Starting from the 2010s, the Ministry of Education initiated

9030-424: The University of London and the Higher School of Economics. In 2001, the Ministry of Education initiated the project of the Unified State Exam (USE) which was developed together with the specialists from HSE. The USE is a series of exams that students must pass after graduating from school to apply to a university or professional college. Since 2009, the USE is the only form of graduation examination in schools. HSE

9159-453: The West apologize for its "disinformation" about the Kremlin's alleged plans to invade Ukraine . On 24 February 2022, Volodin said that "the purpose" of the Russian invasion of Ukraine is "to protect people living in Ukraine". He wrote on his Telegram that "demilitarizing Ukraine" is the "only path that will allow us to prevent war in Europe. Our only chance to stop the fighting and the humanitarian catastrophe." According to Meduza , he

9288-482: The academic year into five modules instead of semesters. However, later, the university administration decided to reduce the number of modules to four. Starting from 1997, most of the exams have taken place in written form, while all the major student works are checked with plagiarism detection software. Together with the modular system, the university introduced the «major/minor» education system, which means that students take main disciplines as their "major" and choose

9417-428: The anti-war Russians in exile "scoundrels" and demanded the confiscation of their properties in Russia. He repeatedly called Russians who left Russia after the invasion of Ukraine as "traitors". On 22 January 2023, Volodin threatened the use of nuclear weapons and claimed that Europe and the United States were leading the world into "global catastrophe" by providing military aid to Ukraine . On 19-20 March 2023,

9546-617: The article in the Izvestia about the personal life of a number of political figures of Russia, also spoke about the presidential ambitions of Volodin. On 28 April 2014, following the Crimean status referendum , the U.S. Treasury put Volodin on the Specially Designated Nationals List (SDN) , a list of individuals sanctioned as "members of the Russian leadership's inner circle." The sanctions freeze any assets he holds in

9675-433: The audience in the distant format. The university believes, that this measure will help to increase the engagement of students into the education process. Despite actively working for the government on various projects, the university had, until recently, positioned itself as a politically independent actor. Consequently, there have been incidents in the history of the university that caused public outcry. For instance, during

9804-489: The battlefield." On 3 June 2023, Volodin represented Russia at the inauguration ceremony of re-elected Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan . On 19 June 2023, Volodin misrepresented Czech President Petr Pavel 's remarks that Russians living in the West should be "monitored" and put under surveillance , and warned that Russians living abroad would be sent to concentration camps . Volodin expressed support for Putin during

9933-472: The block of additional programs subjected to individual choice as "minors". Altogether, this frees up time for students to prepare for seminars and individual projects. Assessment is carried out in accordance with the European Credit Transfer and Accumulation System . Correspondingly, every student has an individual GPA-based ranking that illustrates not only the academic performance, but also affects

10062-478: The businessman and political activist Mikhail Prokhorov . At the beginning of the 1990s, the state of education in the fields of economics and social science was poorly developed in Russian universities. One of the main causes of this state of affairs was the legacy of the communist system, a system that had led to the exile of many intellectuals , the absence of which would later end up limiting advancement in several academic fields of research. The transition from

10191-634: The central government establishes homogeneous tuition fees for all public universities which are much lower than those of their private counterparts. The highest tuition fee allowed by law was, as of 2010, €14.97 per academic credit, amounting to roughly €900 a year for an average 60-credit full-time course. Tuition fees at private universities might reach €18,000 a year. Vyacheslav Volodin Vyacheslav Viktorovich Volodin ( Russian : Вячеслав Викторович Володин , IPA: [vʲɪtɕɪsˈlaf ˈvʲiktərəvʲɪtɕ vɐˈlodʲin] ; born 4 February 1964)

10320-503: The creation of the " Strategy 2010  [ ru ] " – social and economic development program initiated by German Gref and aimed at forming foundation for government policy. In 2022 it was ranked #568 in Best Global Universities by U.S. News & World Report , and #881 by Center for World University Rankings , and in 2020 it was ranked in the #801-900 group in the Academic Ranking of World Universities (ARWU), also known as

10449-534: The dismissal of Sergey Sobyanin in connection with his approval to the Mayor of Moscow — Chief of Staff of the Presidential Executive Office . Following the mass protests against the outcomes of the 2011 Russian legislative election organized by several persons, including Alexei Navalny , who used Facebook, Twitter, and LiveJournal blogs to organize the events, Volodin, who was Deputy Prime Minister at

10578-416: The establishment of another group of eight nations—China, India, Russia, Indonesia, Brazil, Mexico, Iran and Turkey—that is 24.4% ahead of the old group of developed countries in terms of GDP and purchasing power parity." On 22 November 2022, he met with Cuban President Miguel Díaz-Canel . During the meeting, Volodin called Cuba "a symbol of the struggle of independence". In January 2023, Volodin called

10707-483: The existing conservative universities, including the Moscow State University , seemed like an ineffective solution. Thus, the government approved the idea to establish a new university with research priorities in socio-economic sciences. At the beginning of the 1990s, we understood that the absence of Russian economic school and Russian financial education is a strategic problem for the country <...>. It

10836-550: The faction of the Liberal Democratic Party and A Just Russia . On 5 October, Volodin was elected Chairman of the State Duma, with 404 votes. His only rival was the communist Dmitry Novikov , who received 40 votes. In 2021, Volodin was again nominated to the chairmanship of the 8th State Duma . His candidacy was again endorsed by the Liberal Democratic Party and A Just Russia — For Truth. Novikov from

10965-1003: The fee was €1,951 in 2015. Non-European Union students and students who want to complete a second bachelor's or master's degree pay a legal school fee. Annually, these legal school fees range between €7,000 for bachelor programs and €30,000 for master's programs in medicine. The Ministry of Education supervises all universities, including private institutions. Almost all universities in Norway are public and state-funded. In Poland , public universities are established by Acts of Parliament. The government pays all tuition fees and other costs of public university students. In contrast, private citizens, societies, or companies operate private universities that charge tuition fees directly to students. These institutions are generally held in lower regard than public universities. A small number of private universities do not charge fees, such as John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin . There are thirteen public universities,

11094-464: The fraction of the ruling party United Russia which has been founded in 2001. Since 2005 he was the party's Secretary-General of its Council Presidium. In 2007, he was elected to the Russian State Duma in its fifth session. Until October 2010, he was once more Chairman of the State Duma . On 21 October 2010, he was appointed Deputy Prime Minister under Dmitry Medvedev . as well as—after

11223-544: The front. Most of them refused to answer or made excuses why it was not possible for them to go to war in Ukraine. Volodin said that the State Duma will support deputies who want to enlist in the army and go to Ukraine. In September 2022, Volodin met in Moscow with Chinese politician Li Zhanshu , who was then a CCP Politburo Standing Committee member and was considered one of the closest confidants of CCP general secretary Xi Jinping . On 22 September 2022, in order to justify

11352-413: The future President, as "he has a desire to fly high". Another close to Volodin man said: "an ordinary person in the afternoon thinking about plans for the evening. Volodin does not think about plans for the evening—he has a plan for life. When he was Vice Mayor of Saratov, he already said to friends that he would become President of Russia." In addition, in 2015, the cleric Vsevolod Chaplin , commenting on

11481-508: The government through the University Grants Commission , which handles undergraduate placements and staff appointments. The top institutions include the University of Peradeniya founded in 1942 and the University of Colombo founded in 1921. Sri Lanka also has a joint service military university, the General Sir John Kotelawala Defence University , which is operated by the Ministry of Defence . One-third of

11610-675: The government. In Egypt, Al-Azhar University was founded in 970 AD as a madrasa ; it formally became a public university in 1961 and is one of the oldest institutions of higher education in the world. In the 20th century, Egypt opened many other public universities with government-subsidized tuition fees, including Cairo University in 1908, Alexandria University in 1912, Assiut University in 1928, Ain Shams University in 1957, Helwan University in 1959, Beni-Suef University in 1963, Zagazig University in 1974, Benha University in 1976, and Suez Canal University in 1989. In Kenya ,

11739-865: The interests of Yevgeny Prigozhin and the trolls at the Internet Research Agency . Defunct In 1990, he was elected as a member of the Saratov City Duma . Since 1992, Volodin was the Deputy of the Head of Administration of Saratov , since 1994 deputy chairman of the Saratov Oblast Duma and in 1996 he was appointed to the Vice Governor of the Saratov region. In the Russian legislative election in 1999 , he

11868-546: The leaders of all opposition parliamentary parties. In January 2020, Putin proposed introducing such amendments during his Address to the Federal Assembly . In November 2019, Volodin said that due to Ukrainian nationalism and an alleged oppression of ethnic minorities, there was a chance that some regions (oblasts) may separate from Ukraine . On 28 January 2022, Volodin promised that "Russia will not go to war against Ukraine." On 18 February 2022, he demanded that

11997-658: The legislation of the national government until higher education was moved to the control of the three communities in 1990. Consequently, the Flemish , the French , and the German communities determine which institutes of higher education organize and issue diplomas. Until the 1970s, Belgium had two state universities: the University of Liège (ULiège) and the Ghent University (UGent), both founded in 1817. These are often referred to as

12126-561: The level of recognition of Vyacheslav Volodin is at a high level. 83% of respondents know that he holds the post of Chairman of the State Duma. In addition, 78% of Russians have a positive or neutral view of Volodin's activities as Chairman of the State Duma. On 24 November 2016, he was elected Chairman of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Collective Security Treaty Organization and on 26 December 2016 he

12255-725: The massacre in the Ukrainian city of Bucha was a staged "provocation" by the West and Ukraine "aimed at discrediting Russia". On 6 July 2022, Volodin warned that Russia could demand back the US state of Alaska , which was sold by Russia to the United States in 1867, if the United States continued to seize Russian assets abroad . Russian citizens critical of the 2022 Russian mobilization have used social media and other electronic means (e.g. Twitter ) to enquire en masse Russia's top officials and deputies, who supported war with Ukraine and mobilization, whether they themselves or their sons would go to

12384-446: The military mobilization to the Russian public, he claimed that "not only armed Nazi formations, but also NATO forces are fighting against our soldiers and officers" in Ukraine. Volodin has controversially claimed that Ukraine "has lost the ability to exist as a state", "is occupied by NATO" and "has become a colony of the US". To downplay the international sanctions against Russia , Volodin stated that "Western sanctions are leading to

12513-578: The national or state governments. India also has an "open" public university, the Indira Gandhi National Open University which offers distance education. In terms of the number of enrolled students, it is now the largest university in the world with over four million students. In Indonesia , the government supports public universities in each province. Funding comes through the Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology and

12642-726: The new Chairman of the State Duma after the 2016 legislative election were circulated before the election. However, this information was not yet confirmed. After the 2016 legislative election , the previous Chairman of the State Duma Sergey Naryshkin was appointed Director of the Foreign Intelligence Service . On 23 September 2016, President Vladimir Putin proposed to the United Russia to nominate Volodin as Naryshkin's successor. The majority leader Vladimir Vasilyev endorsed Volodin's candidacy, alongside

12771-534: The participation of the State Duma in the formation of the government "would be consistent with the principles of proper balance of power" and "would provide a higher level of responsibility" in the work of Ministers. In July 2019, Volodin again called for the introduction of appropriate amendments to the Constitution in his article in the Parliamentary Newspaper . Later, Volodin's proposal was supported by

12900-513: The process of university mergers. Consequently, the Moscow Institute of Electronics and Mathematics was included into the administrative structure of HSE University. Additionally in 2011, the HSE Lyceum was founded for high school students. The university would go on to open several more faculties, including: The Faculty of Communication, Media, and Design, Philology, and in 2014 (with support of

13029-423: The protesters discussions on blogs and social networks and performs social media tracking which later led to the establishment of the Internet Research Agency . Despite the fact that Volodin actively supports Vladimir Putin (for example, he says that "no Putin, no Russia"), many experts talk about his presidential ambitions. So in 2012, one of his friends in an interview with Reuters said that considers Volodin

13158-512: The provincial and municipal governments. Some of the public universities in Iran offer tuition-free and tuition-based programs. State-run universities are highly selective and competitive. There are nine official universities in Israel , a few dozen colleges, and about a dozen foreign university extensions. The Council for Higher Education in Israel supervises all of these institutions academically. Only

13287-688: The public universities in Macau . There are twenty public universities in Malaysia , funded by the government but governed as self-managed institutions. Tribhuvan University was the first public university in Nepal . It operates through six different institutes and is affiliated with various colleges. There are government-funded Purbanchal University and Pokhara University . There are 107 public universities in Pakistan , compared to 76 private universities. University of

13416-475: The recent years, the HSE has tried to distance itself from any political affiliations which was especially evident in the case of Yegor Zhukov , who was sentenced to three years of probation for unauthorized rioting against corruption among Moscow authorities. Nikita Yuryevich Anisimov, Rector of the university, was suspended by the European University Association (EUA) following support for

13545-801: The region". This contrasts with the research-oriented aspects of national universities. In 2010, 127,872 students were attending 95 public universities, compared to 86 national universities and 597 private universities in Japan. Many public universities are relatively new; in 1980, there were only 34 public universities in Japan. Since July 2003, public universities may incorporate under the Local Independent Administrative Institutions Law. In South Korea , most public universities are national. There are 29 national universities, eighteen special universities, and ten educational universities. In addition, there are two national colleges and

13674-676: The same for all public universities. Except for some fields of study, notably medicine, all Austrians who pass the Matura exam have the right to attend any public university. Overenrolled degree programs have introduced additional entrance exams that students must pass in the first year or before starting the degree, especially with scientific subjects such as biology, chemistry, and physics. Private universities have existed since 1999 but are considered easier than public universities and thus hold less esteem. All public universities in Belgium were operated under

13803-462: The size of the endowment fund was 742.5 million rubles (as of January 2020, this amounts to approximately 10,845,942 euros). In 1996, the Higher School of Economics received the status of a State university. Along with the focus on economics, the university emphasized mathematics. By 1999, the Faculty of Law, School of Public Administration, Schools of Political and Social Science had been launched. In 2002, in addition to already existing faculties,

13932-654: The size of the scholarship, gives a discount on tuition fees and the opportunity to participate in foreign internships, learn additional languages at the university and much more. Only 8% of students continue education in foreign universities, while 9% of all students came from abroad or participated in exchange programs. The university collaborates with more than 500 partner universities, mainly from Europe and Asia. As for 2019, HSE University had 50 double degree programs with Humboldt University of Berlin , Erasmus University Rotterdam , University of Leeds , London School of Economics, ESCP Europe , and other universities. Since 2013,

14061-1079: The state despite being state-funded. As of 2022, the communities fund all recognized universities, public and private, which follow the same rules and laws. The state runs most public universities in Croatia . Students who perform well academically pay only administrative fees which are less than €100 per year. Students who fail multiple classes in a year must retake the courses and pay a partial or full tuition fee. Almost all universities in Denmark are public and are held in higher esteem than their private counterparts. Danish students attend university for free. All universities in Finland are public and free of charge. Most universities and grandes écoles in France are public and charge very low tuition fees—less than €1000 per year. Major exceptions are semi-private grandes écoles such as HEC , EMLyon or INSEAD . Article L731-14 of

14190-494: The student's family wealth, the course of study, and exam performance. A few scholarships are available for the best low-income students at the undergraduate and postgraduate levels. However, for research, private funding ranges from low to non-existent, compared to most European countries. The Netherlands Ministry of Education funds most public universities. Dutch citizens and those from European Union countries pay an annual tuition fee for their first bachelor's or master's degree;

14319-428: The time and later became First Deputy Chief of Staff of the Presidential Administration of Russia and was responsible for domestic policy, was tasked with countering these efforts and began to rein in the internet using Prisma ( Russian : «Призма» ) which "actively tracks the social media activities that result in increased social tension, disorderly conduct, protest sentiments and extremist" by monitoring in real time

14448-498: The two historic state universities. In 1965, small specialized single-faculty public institutions were recognized as universities, including the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and the Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech ; both are now part of the University of Liège . The Belgian state created smaller public universities that have since merged with larger institutions, including the public university at Mons in 1965 which became part of

14577-419: The university in other academic organizations, while the university President Alexander Shokhin represented it in its interactions with governmental bodies. Economists Vadim Radaev  [ ru ] , Lev Yakobson  [ ru ] , and Alexander Shamrin have filled the positions of vice-rectors at HSE. Members of various university councils include Russian politician Sergey Kiriyenko , Chairman of

14706-406: The university income amounted to 17.76 billion rubles (as of January 2020 this amounts to approximately 259,405,579 euros). The main sources of financing are state funds, private education services, fundamental and applied research, grants, donations, and others support. Applied research commissioned by government agencies, private companies or international organizations constitute up to 40% of

14835-620: The university initiated programs focusing on business and political journalism, psychology, and business informatics.With government support, in 1996–1998 HSE opened new campuses in Russian regions. The first was opened in Nizhny Novgorod, then followed by campuses in Perm and St. Petersburg. Initially, the university specialized in Economics, Management, and the Social and Human Sciences. Its oldest faculty

14964-471: The university organized debates on the Federal state law № 94  [ ru ] between Russian oppositionist Alexei Navalny and rector Kuzminov. Representatives of the Ministry of Economic Development were also present at the event. In 2018–20, there were several incidents related to the "V Tochku" university talk show. For instance, after the press secretary for the President of Russia Dmitry Peskov gave

15093-510: The university's income. Among regular clients are the Ministry of Education, the Moscow Department of Information Technology  [ ru ] , the Ministry of Economic Development , Rosneft , Aeroflot , Gazprom , Russian Railways . In one academic year, the university completes on average around 300 projects. Other sources of support come from state subsidies and scientific grants, including international programs. For instance, for

15222-406: The university. In 2022, Ukraine sanctioned the HSE. The university also fired dozens of its professors who protested the invasion. The first regional campus was opened in Nizhny Novgorod in 1996. As of 2018, the campus had a population of 2700 students and 320 faculty. In terms of quality of budgetary admission, it ranks first among the universities in Nizhny Novgorod and takes the 19th position in

15351-548: Was a candidate of the political bloc Fatherland – All Russia . After being elected Volodin became deputy chairman of the third State Duma , and from September 2001 he was the head of the Fatherland – All Russia . In 2003, he ran for a seat in the fourth State Duma and was elected as a Deputy from the Balakovo constituency , Saratov Oblast . In the fourth State Duma he was deputy chairman again and appointed first deputy head of

15480-614: Was a high demand for professional talent by the central government. In 1899, the King founded the School for Training of Civil Officials near the northern gate of the royal palace. Graduates from the school became royal pages, a traditional entrance into the Mahattai Ministry or other government ministries. As of 2019, Thailand has nineteen public universities. In Austria , most universities are public. The state regulates tuition fees, making costs

15609-730: Was a member of the Presidium of the General Council of United Russia, Sergei Prikhodko , who was a Deputy Prime Minister, Konstantin Kosachev ( Russian : Константин Косачев ), who was the head of the Duma Committee on International Affairs at that time, Yu.V. Pervova ( Russian : Ю.В. Первова ) and Nikolay Ashlapov ( Russian : Николай Аншлапов ), who was later the Head of the Federal Agency for Special Construction. "Sosny" purchased land from

15738-560: Was almost impossible to create such a system based on existing economic universities, thus, as it also happened to the Institute for the Economy in Transition period  [ ru ] , the Higher School of Economics started from scratch. In many ways, HSE University was founded by the efforts of Yaroslav Kuzminov and Yevgeny Yasin. By the beginning of the 1990s, both of them taught economics at

15867-488: Was also established in 1997. As of 2018, the university had around 2000 students and 120 faculty, and was rated 29th position in the Russian ranking on the quality of enrollment. In 2017, the Bachelor's program "Business informatics" took the fourth position in the same ranking). The campus collaborates with University of Essex and University of Évry Val d'Essonne to offer joint double-degrees with these institutions. In 2018,

15996-463: Was elected Chairman of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Union State . As Chairman, Volodin actively began to deal with the discipline of deputies. At first he forbade deputies to vote by proxy for other deputies. In this connection, the deputies have to attend the meetings in person. Fines for missing meetings without a valid reason were also introduced. On 6 March 2019, Vyacheslav Volodin, during

16125-442: Was offset by a rapidly created online resource system with training materials. Since the university deliberately avoided state education programs, it focused on translation of advanced foreign textbooks which formed the basis of education programs. University experts consulted with the government on socio-economic reforms, jurisprudence, and political science. For example, at the beginning of the 2000s, Kuzminov and Yasin participated in

16254-403: Was one of the first Russian politicians to publicly support the invasion. He has denounced Russians who oppose the war as "traitors". On 11 March 2022, he stated that "[Ukrainian] citizens are expendable for Washington and Brussels: the war to the last Ukrainian takes hundreds of lives every day. The Kyiv regime leads Ukraine to its complete disappearance." On 5 April 2022, Volodin claimed that

16383-431: Was put up by private donations of the faculty in the university building Durasov's Palace  [ ru ] . In 2018, the rector of HSE University, Yaroslav Kuzminov, announced that all lectures will switch to on-line format in 2020s Kuzminov claims that traditional classes are ineffective - they are visited by only 15-17% of students. Instead of them, professeurs will create their own distant courses and interact with

16512-592: Was ranked in the #801-900 group in the Academic Ranking of World Universities (ARWU), also known as the Shanghai Ranking. HSE offers education at all levels – from a lyceum for school students to post-graduate and MBA programmes. Students can pursue training in a number of fields, including the social sciences, economics, humanities, law, engineering, computer science, mathematics, physics, chemistry, biology and biotechnology, as well as in creative disciplines. HSE

16641-415: Was the first university in Russia to accept USE results as a main criteria for students enrolling. Thus, the university was able to set a high threshold and admit the most talented students from all over Russia. In 2004, the first Academic Foundation was established to support university research and promote academic activities. A year later a group of research laboratories was opened and in 2006 HSE launched

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