36-674: HM Prison Styal is a Closed Category prison for female adults and young offenders in Styal , Cheshire , England . The prison is operated by His Majesty's Prison Service . The prison occupies former buildings of the Styal Cottage Homes which opened as an orphanage for destitute children from the Manchester area in 1898. It closed in 1956 and the site re-opened as a women's prison in 1962, with women transferred from HMP Manchester . From 1983 Styal began holding young offenders, and in 1999
72-833: A library , gym and multi-faith chaplaincy . A Visitors Centre is available, run by Contact Cheshire Support Group with play area and refreshments. In the main Visits Hall, facilities include a tea bar and a children's play area (also run by Contact Cheshire Support Group). The prison was featured in the BBC2 documentary Women on the Edge – the Truth about Styal Prison on 27 February 2006. Notable people currently imprisoned or who were imprisoned at HMP Styal include: 53°20′25″N 2°14′21″W / 53.34028°N 2.23917°W / 53.34028; -2.23917 Prison security categories in
108-772: A 2010 Commons Justice Committee, they are independent from the UK and from each other and their relationship is with the Crown. The UK's responsibilities derive from that fact. All "insular" legislation has to receive the approval of the "King in Council", in effect, the Privy Council in London. Certain types of domestic legislation in the Isle of Man and the Bailiwick of Guernsey, however, may be signed into law by
144-466: A status if deemed to be deserving such as a borough or as a more prestigious city by the monarch. Many cities were designated over several centuries, and as Anglican dioceses began to be created the process of city creation became aligned to that used in England, being linked to the presence of a cathedral . Despite this, St Patrick's Isle adjoining the Isle of Man, which had a medieval cathedral ,
180-422: A wing was added to accommodate unsentenced female prisoners following the closure of Risley's remand centre. This increased the size of the prison by 60%. In 2003, Styal Prison was singled out as having one of the worst records for suicides in England and Wales. The Howard League for Penal Reform called for an independent inquiry into the jail, stating that bullying, drugs and overcrowding were probable causes for
216-410: A woman serving an eight-month sentence gave birth to a stillborn baby in the prison toilets. Despite having alerted prison staff several times, it took several hours for the woman to receive medical attention, the prison radio system failed when an ambulance was finally attempted to be called, and no attempts to perform CPR on the baby had been made. If the prisoner had received proper medical attention,
252-710: Is the States Assembly , the first known mention of which is in a document of 1497. The States of Jersey Law 2005 introduced the post of Chief Minister of Jersey , abolished the Bailiff's power of dissent to a resolution of the States and the Lieutenant Governor's power of veto over a resolution of the States, and established that any Order in Council or Act of the United Kingdom proposed to apply to Jersey must be referred to
288-657: Is today used irrespective of the gender of the person who holds it. The Channel Islands are part of the territory annexed by the Duchy of Normandy in 933 from the Duchy of Brittany . This territory was added to the grant of land given in settlement by the King of France in 911 to the Viking raiders who had sailed up the Seine almost to the walls of Paris. William the Conqueror , Duke of Normandy, claimed
324-716: The British Crown : the Bailiwick of Guernsey and the Bailiwick of Jersey , both located in the English Channel and together known as the Channel Islands , and the Isle of Man in the Irish Sea between Great Britain and Ireland . They are closely related to the countries of United Kingdom (UK), although they are not part of them. They have the status of "territories for which
360-590: The Platinum Jubilee of Elizabeth II , with Crown Dependencies and British Overseas Territories being allowed to take part for the first time. In the Dependencies, the only applicants were Douglas and Peel, both on the Isle of Man, and Douglas was granted the honour, making it the first formal city. According to the 1973 Kilbrandon Report , the Crown Dependencies are "like miniature states". According to
396-466: The States of Alderney . The three parliaments together can also approve joint Bailiwick-wide legislation that applies in those parts of the Bailiwick whose parliaments approve it. There are no political parties in any of the parliaments; candidates stand for election as independents . The Bailiwick of Jersey consists of the island of Jersey and a number of surrounding uninhabited islands. The parliament
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#1732863170484432-512: The Bailiwicks have had separate courts of appeal , but generally, the Bailiff of each Bailiwick has been appointed to serve on the panel of appellate judges for the other Bailiwick. The Bailiwick of Guernsey comprises three separate jurisdictions: The parliament of Guernsey is the States of Deliberation , the parliament of Sark is called the Chief Pleas , and the parliament of Alderney is called
468-484: The Channel Islands as successive monarchs have confirmed the liberties and privileges of the Bailiwicks , often referring to the so-called Constitutions of King John , a legendary document supposed to have been granted by King John in the aftermath of 1204. Governments of the Bailiwicks have generally tried to avoid testing the limits of the unwritten constitution by avoiding conflict with British governments. Following
504-432: The Channel Islands have been governed as: Each Bailiwick is a Crown dependency and each is headed by a Bailiff , with a Lieutenant Governor representing the Crown in each Bailiwick. Each Bailiwick has its own legal and healthcare systems and its own separate immigration policy, with "local status" in one Bailiwick having no validity in the other. The two Bailiwicks exercise bilateral double taxation treaties . Since 1961,
540-419: The Crown by a panel in each respective Crown dependency; this replaced the previous system of the appointments being made by the Crown on the recommendation of UK ministers. In 2005, it was decided in the Isle of Man to replace the Lieutenant Governor with a Crown Commissioner , but this decision was reversed before it was implemented. "The Crown" is defined differently in each Crown Dependency. Legislation of
576-557: The Isle of Man defines the "Crown in right of the Isle of Man" as being separate from the "Crown in right of the United Kingdom". In the Isle of Man the British monarch is styled Lord of Mann , a title variously held by Norse , Scottish and English kings and nobles (the English nobles in fealty to the English Crown) until it was revested into the British monarchy in 1765. The title "Lord"
612-491: The Keys as independents, rather than being selected by political parties . There is a Council of Ministers headed by a chief minister . Unlike the other Crown Dependencies, the Isle of Man has a Common Purse Agreement with the United Kingdom. As overseas territories were added to the land conquered by the British, a number of towns and villages began to request formal recognition to validate their importance, and would be accorded
648-535: The Lieutenant Governor, using delegated powers, without having to pass through the Privy Council. In Jersey, provisional legislation of an administrative nature may be adopted by means of triennial regulations (renewable after three years), without requiring the assent of the Privy Council. Much legislation, in practice, is effected by means of secondary legislation under the authority of prior laws or Orders in Council. A unique constitutional position has arisen in
684-665: The States so that the States can express their views on it. There are few political parties , as candidates generally stand for election as independents. The Isle of Man's Tynwald claims to be the world's oldest parliament in continuous existence, dating back to 979. (However, it does not claim to be the oldest parliament, as Iceland 's Althing dates back to 930.) It consists of a popularly elected House of Keys and an indirectly elected Legislative Council . These two branches may sit separately or jointly to consider pieces of legislation, which, when passed into law, are known as " Acts of Tynwald ". Candidates mostly stand for election to
720-521: The UK, and they are akin to "miniature states with wide powers of self-government". As the Crown Dependencies are not sovereign states, the power to pass legislation affecting the islands ultimately rests with the King-in-Council (though this power is rarely exercised without the consent of the dependencies , and the right to do so is disputed). However, they each have their own legislative assembly , with power to legislate on many local matters with
756-486: The United Kingdom In the United Kingdom, prisoners are divided into four categories of security. Each adult is assigned to a category according to their crime, sentence, the risk of escape, and violent tendencies. The categories are designated with the letters A to D, with A being the highest level of security, and D the lowest. There are three different prison services in the United Kingdom, and separate services for
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#1732863170484792-684: The United Kingdom is responsible", rather than sovereign states . As a result, they are not member states of the Commonwealth of Nations . However, they do have relationships with the Commonwealth and other international organisations, and are members of the British–Irish Council . They have their own teams in the Commonwealth Games . Each island's political development has been largely independent from, though often parallel with, that of
828-690: The age, gender and security classification of the prisoners it holds. Male adult prisoners (those aged 18 or over) are given a security categorisation soon after they enter prison. These categories are based on a combination of the type of crime committed, the length of sentence, the likelihood of escape, and the danger to the public if they were to escape. The four categories are: Category A, B and C prisons are called closed prisons, whereas category D prisons are called open prisons. Category A prisoners are further divided into standard risk, high risk and exceptional risk, based on their likelihood of escaping. Men on remand are held in category B conditions with
864-756: The assent of the Crown (the Privy Council , or, in the case of the Isle of Man, in certain circumstances the lieutenant-governor or, in the case of the Bailiwick of Guernsey, the Lieutenant-Governor). In Jersey and the Isle of Man, the head of government is called the chief minister . In Guernsey, the head representative of the committee-based government is the President of the Policy and Resources Committee . The term 'Crown Dependencies' has been disputed by Gavin St Pier , former Chief Minister of Guernsey . He argues that
900-711: The baby might have been saved. In 2021, the prison was placed under investigation by the Prisons and Probation Ombudsman. Since 2001, at least eleven women have died at HMP Styal: Styal is a Closed Category prison for sentenced and remanded female adults and young offenders. There are also facilities for mothers with babies up to age 18 months. The education provision at Styal is contracted out to The Manchester College . Courses offered include hairdressing , information technology , art and design , ESOL , catering , industrial cleaning , painting & decorating , and Open University support. Other facilities at HMP Styal include
936-407: The best" she had seen. An inspection report in 2018 found that the incidence of self-harm was high, but noted that it mainly occurred in a small number of women. The report was positive and particularly praised the prison's strategies for resettling inmates in the community on release. An average of 1.3 deaths from all causes occurred per year in inmates of the prison between 2000 and 2018. In 2020,
972-427: The exception of some of those who are held to be tried on (very) serious offences. These men are held in "provisional category A" conditions. Prisoners who have made active attempts to escape from custody are placed on the holding prison's escape list. These prisoners (sometimes referred to as "E men" or "E list men") are required to wear distinctive, brightly coloured clothing when being moved both inside and outside of
1008-553: The high number of deaths. In 2004, an inspection report from Her Majesty's Chief Inspector of Prisons stated that inmates at Styal Prison were being put at risk by a lack of support during drug withdrawal and with mental health problems. The report also expressed concern about the use of special cells to hold disruptive prisoners, including self-harmers . However, the report did praise the prison's staff–prisoner relations, education provision and resettlement services. The Chief Inspector also said that race relations at Styal were "among
1044-584: The nature of the offence they have been accused or convicted of: Since 2002, in Scotland , prisoners have been assigned to one of three categories: Prisoners (adult and young, male and female) are classified in a similar way to the English/Welsh system: Crown Dependencies The Crown Dependencies are three offshore island territories in the British Islands that are self-governing possessions of
1080-508: The prison and are handcuffed. In addition they are required to change cells frequently and to have their clothes and some of their personal property removed from their cell before being locked in for the night. Women are also classified into four categories. These categories are: Remand prisoners are always held in closed prisons. When children under 18 are sentenced or remanded in custody, they may be sent to one of three types of establishment depending on their needs, age, vulnerability and
1116-594: The restoration of King Charles II , who had spent part of his exile in Jersey, the Channel Islands were given the right to set their own customs duties, referred to by the Jersey Legal French term as impôts . The monarch is represented by a Lieutenant Governor in each Crown dependency, but this post is largely ceremonial. Since 2010 the Lieutenant Governors of each Crown dependency have been recommended to
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1152-667: The term was an administrative invention of Whitehall , which incorrectly implies that the islands are dependent upon the Crown, and advocates instead the use of the term 'Crown Dominion'. King Charles III [REDACTED] William, Prince of Wales [REDACTED] Charles III ( King-in-Council ) [REDACTED] Starmer ministry ( L ) Keir Starmer ( L ) Angela Rayner ( L ) ( King-in-Parliament ) [REDACTED] Charles III [REDACTED] [REDACTED] [REDACTED] The Lord Reed The Lord Hodge Andrew Bailey Monetary Policy Committee Since 1290,
1188-831: The three Crown Dependencies . His Majesty's Prison Service manages prisons in England and Wales , and also serves as the National Offender Management Service for England and Wales. Prisons in Scotland are managed by the Scottish Prison Service and prisons in Northern Ireland are managed by the Northern Ireland Prison Service . The Isle of Man and the Channel Islands have their own prison administrations. Prisons in England and Wales are divided into several categories relating to
1224-594: The title King of England in 1066, following the death of Edward the Confessor , and secured the claim through the Norman conquest of England . Subsequent marriages between Kings of England and French nobles meant that Kings of England had title to more French lands than the King of France. When the King of France asserted his feudal right of patronage , the then-King of England, King John , fearing he would be imprisoned should he attend, failed to fulfill his obligation. In 1204,
1260-556: The title and lands of the Duchy of Normandy and his other French possessions were stripped from King John of England by the King of France. The Channel Islands remained in the possession of the King of England, who ruled them as Duke of Normandy until the Treaty of Paris in 1259. John's son, Henry III , renounced the title of Duke of Normandy by that treaty, and none of his successors ever revived it. The Channel Islands continued to be governed by
1296-609: Was never granted privileges of a city. What is now Peel Cathedral was later built nearby, but only raised to the status of a cathedral in the 1980s. The Channel Islands were at first part of a mainland French diocese , and then came under the Bishop of Winchester after the English Reformation . These islands had no cathedral. Since the year 2000, the UK government has arranged competitions to grant city status to settlements. In 2021, submissions for city status were invited to mark
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