48-557: HHU refer to: Heinrich Heine University in Düsseldorf, Germany Hohai University in Nanjing, Jiangsu, China Huaihua University in Huaihua, Hunan, China Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title HHU . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change
96-495: A French attorney's law school (École de formation de barreau – EFB). Another speciality is an extra-curricular qualification in Anglo-American law. Further education is provided by Düsseldorf Law School (DLS), which offers postgraduate masters in the protection of commercial rights, information rights and medical rights against a tuition fee. Research focuses on commercial law , European law and international law . Hubs are
144-750: A German public university, HHU receives funding from the Land of North Rhine-Westphalia and therefore does not charge tuition fees . However, a small service charge of currently about 230 Euros per semester (winter semester 2012/13) has become necessary to cover the expenses of the AStA, of student services such as housing and canteen organisation ( Studentenwerk ) and the semester ticket for free rides on all local trains and busses. Various scholarships are available to cover specific student expenses and/or needs. For example, there are bursary programmes to cover living costs, facilitate stays abroad, or to finish one's final thesis. Within
192-489: A modern University and State Library was opened to the public, and a sports centre was added in 1980/81. Following a quarrel of more than 23 years, the "nameless" university of Düsseldorf was finally christened after the poet Heinrich Heine , one of Düsseldorf's most famous sons, in 1989. From this period on, the campus university has been opening up towards the city and its citizens. Heinrich Heine University's Faculty of Business Administration and Economics opened in 1990, and
240-547: A significant volume of third-party founded collaborative projects are hepatology (CRC 974 and Research Unit 217), cardiovascular research , neurosciences, surgery (Research Unit 1585), infectiology and immunology (Research Unit 729), and diabetes and metabolism research. The Biomedical Research Centre (BMFZ), the Leibniz-Institute for Environmental Medicine (IUF), the C. and O. Vogt Institute for Brain Research and
288-418: A single word. This is useful when combinations of key presses are meaningful, and is sometimes used for passing the status of modifier keys on a keyboard (such as shift and control). But it does not scale to support more keys than the number of bits in a single byte or word. Devices with many switches (such as a computer keyboard ) usually arrange these switches in a scan matrix, with the individual switches on
336-444: A small series of lectures for the general public on topic(s) that are currently in the focus of public attention. Speakers have included, for example, Marcel Reich-Ranicki , Helmut Schmidt and Joschka Fischer . New traditions have come to supplement the guest lecture: since 2010 the "University Speech" and since 2011 the "Heinrich Heine Professorship for Business and Economics", both performed by external speakers of high calibre. As
384-543: A switch is pressed, released, and pressed again. This polling can be done by a specialized processor in the device to prevent burdening the main CPU . When a new symbol has been entered, the device typically sends an interrupt , in a specialized format, so that the CPU can read it. For devices with only a few switches (such as the buttons on a joystick ), the status of each can be encoded as bits (usually 0 for released and 1 for pressed) in
432-563: A year the short film competition for young talents from the region takes place on campus. There are various (student) associations, clubs, networks and societies. Examples are the local UNICEF group, a debating club, the European Student Network and the campus radio. Since 1989 the Heinrich Heine Guest Lecture has repeatedly drawn high-profile speakers to the university's campus. These guest professors usually perform
480-423: Is a text document , which consists of a string of alphanumeric characters . The most common form of digital data in modern information systems is binary data , which is represented by a string of binary digits (bits) each of which can have one of two values, either 0 or 1. Digital data can be contrasted with analog data , which is represented by a value from a continuous range of real numbers . Analog data
528-518: Is a public university in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany, which was founded in 1965. It is the successor organization to Düsseldorf 's Medical Academy of 1907. Following several expansions throughout the decades, the university has comprised five faculties since 1993. Currently, more than 36,000 full-time students are studying at HHU and a total staff of approximately 3,600 people (academic and non-academic). Düsseldorf University began with
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#1732897925915576-558: Is a scientific institution of HHU, which cultivates about 6,000 different kinds of plants from all around the globe. It is open to visitors throughout the whole year. With more than 3,000 students in the winter semester 2011/12, the Medical Faculty is HHU's third largest unit. Study offers range from Medicine and Dentistry ( state examination ) through Toxicology (MSc) to Public Health and Endocrinology (both MSc, further education ). Graduate studies have been institutionalised in
624-436: Is rather simpler than conversion of continuous or analog information to digital. Instead of sampling and quantization as in analog-to-digital conversion , such techniques as polling and encoding are used. A symbol input device usually consists of a group of switches that are polled at regular intervals to see which switches are switched. Data will be lost if, within a single polling interval, two switches are pressed, or
672-494: Is transmitted by an analog signal , which not only takes on continuous values but can vary continuously with time, a continuous real-valued function of time. An example is the air pressure variation in a sound wave . The word digital comes from the same source as the words digit and digitus (the Latin word for finger ), as fingers are often used for counting. Mathematician George Stibitz of Bell Telephone Laboratories used
720-593: The Appeal Court , District Court and Fiscal Court ). Beyond that, a specialty is a German-French course of law studies organized together with the University of Cergy-Pontoise near Paris which annually gives 15 German and 15 French law students the possibility to study both legal systems since 2005. Graduates of this three year law course are awarded the German legal "Zwischenprüfung" (German LL.B. equivalent) as well as
768-415: The students' representation (AStA) of Düsseldorf's four higher education institutions in a joint initiative. On offer are about 100 kinds of sports, workshops and sports holidays. Once a year the four AStAs organise a common sports day. Musical initiatives include the AStA's Local Heroes event, a platform for local bands, as well as jam sessions. There is also a semi-professional university orchestra. Once
816-584: The Bioeconomy Science Center (a cluster of 54 departments of the universities of Aachen , Bonn and Düsseldorf, as well as the Forschungszentrum Jülich) are important organisations forming the local research environment. One of HHU's smaller faculties, the Faculty of Business Administration and Economics, attracted about 1,100 students in the winter semester 2011/12. The faculty is housed in
864-761: The Centre for Information and Technology Law (ZfI), the Centre for Medical Law (IMR), the Insurance Law Institute, and the Institute of German and International Party Law and Party Research (PRuF). Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf is a public corporation of the Land of North Rhine-Westphalia. Its degree of autonomy from state ministries and other legal bodies is defined in the Higher Education Autonomy Act (HFG) of 31 October 2006. The rectorate (also called
912-510: The Düsseldorf Academy for Practical Medicine in 1907. The city's first real university, however, was only founded in 1965 by adding a combined Faculty of Natural Sciences – Arts and Humanities to the existing medical one. Only four years later, the university split the combined faculty into two separate bodies, which led to the constitution of a Faculty of Arts and Humanities as well as a Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences. In 1979
960-648: The Excellence Initiative of the German Federal and State Governments. HHU is currently involved in 23 international projects funded within the EU's Seventh Framework Programme . 11 further international projects have just ended. Twelve HHU researchers at the Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences currently have the prestigious ERC Grants. HHU promotes research- and knowledge-based start-ups . Its concept to strengthen an entrepreneurial culture at and around HHU
1008-526: The Faculty of Law opened in 1993. HHU's roughly triangular campus is located in the southeast of Düsseldorf, in the Bilk district. To the north, it borders the campus of the university hospital with which it forms a unit. Both campuses together expand over approximately 1,300,000 square metres (circa 130 hectares). New sections, such as the Student Service Center (SSC), have been added to existing parts of
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#17328979259151056-565: The Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences. International doctoral research programmes are available in the "Faculties" section. Key regions of HHU's internationalisation activities are Europe, United States, Japan and the Near East . At the moment there are 13 collaborations at university level, 80 collaborations in research or teaching at faculty or institute level, and over 140 Erasmus partnerships. The Student Service Centre (SSC) offers counselling and services. Sports are coordinated by
1104-489: The French "licence mention droit" (French LL.B. equivalent). Since 2008, the universities offer a subsequent two-year course whose participants specialize in business, labor as well as employment law and graduate with the French "Master 2 mention droit de l'entreprise" (French J.D. equivalent). Subsequently, they are also eligible for the German state examination in law (German J.D. equivalent) and for an admission exam with
1152-625: The German Diabetes Centre (DDZ) are important organisations that form the local research environment. About 8,000 students (winter semester 2011/12) in currently 26 B.A. and M.A. programmes make the Faculty of Arts and Humanities HHU's largest unit. It offers the prestigious M.A. in European Studies, a unique one-year English-taught course especially designed for exceptional graduates from universities in Israel, Palestine and Jordan. Recently,
1200-638: The Health Care Academy Düsseldorf). A major research hub in economics is competition economics , funded through the DFG ANR Project and centred in the Düsseldorf Institute for Competition Economics (DICE). Business studies focus on finance, accounting, management and marketing. The Faculty of Law offers practically oriented courses for the state examination in law through cooperation with various local institutions (e.g. courts such as
1248-484: The National Scholarship Programme at German universities, for example, HHU currently ranks among the top 5 providers of scholarships. According to the 2024 QS World University Rankings , the university ranks in the 801-850 tier globally, placing it 43rd nationally. In the 2024 THE World University Rankings , it is ranked in the 251-300 range internationally, positioning it between 25th and 31st within
1296-439: The campus. Already completed are the new Oeconomicum building (Faculty of Business Administration and Economics) and the new O.A.S.E. library (medical literature) – the latter one of Germany's most up-to-date structures for individual study and group work The ULB Düsseldorf is one of three state libraries in North Rhine-Westphalia and one of Germany's innovation leaders in the library sector due to its high service standards and
1344-545: The environment , and internal auditing . Current tasks for the university administration are the implementation of a campus management system as well as the renovation and improvement of campus infrastructure. In 2012 HHU and its partner institutions – the University of Cologne , the Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research and Forschungszentrum Jülich – received the grant for the Cluster of Excellence CEPLAS in
1392-720: The following programmes: RTG 1203 Dynamics in Hot Plasms (DFG), Graduate Cluster CLIB, NRW Research Academy Biostruct, RTG "Molecules of Infection" (Manchot Foundation), the international graduate school iGRAD-Plant in collaboration with the Forschungszentrum Jülich and Michigan State University, US; and the internally funded initiatives vivid, e-norm, and iGRASPseed. Research hubs with a significant volume of third-party founded collaborative projects are biology (Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences CEPLAS) and physics (CRC-TR 6, CRC-TR 18). The Biomedical Research Center (BMFZ) and
1440-461: The form of the faculty-wide Medical Research School Düsseldorf, which offers networking, services and counselling for both graduate students and their supervisors . Further structured doctorate support is provided by research training groups in neurosciences (RTG 1033, iBrain), in hepatology (research training in CRC 974) and in tumor research (Düsseldorf School of Oncology DSO). Research hubs with
1488-817: The four-year "bachelor plus", in which students spend one year at Michigan State University in East Lansing or at the University of Western Australia in Perth , and the international MSc in Biology enable students to gain international experience. The faculty has institutionalised support for doctoral studies in the form of iGRAD, the Interdisciplinary Graduate and Research Academy Düsseldorf to establish network structures and offer counselling and training services for doctoral students, supervisors and research training groups. Further backing for structured doctorates provide
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1536-575: The futuristic Oeconomicum building and offers Business Administration (BSc and MSc), Economics (BSc and MSc) and Business Chemistry (BSc and MSc, in cooperation with the Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences). Further education is provided by the Düsseldorf Business School (DBS), which offers MBA -Programmes against a tuition fee . Examples are General Management MBAs (in German as well as in English) and Health Management (in cooperation with
1584-518: The history of art (RTG 1678), in linguistics (research training in CRC 991), in ageing -related studies and in democracy research (Link.De) as well as within two German-Italian programmes (Interculturality and Communication, "Doctor Europaeus"). Among the research hubs in the faculty are linguistics (CRC 991), politics (Research Unit 1381), ancient history (funded by the NRW Academy for the Arts and Sciences),
1632-515: The history of art, and editing studies (complete works editions of Max Weber and Martin Buber in progress). Beyond that, the Faculty of Arts and Humanities contributes to HHU's Institute of German and International Party Law and Party Research (PRuF). HHU's second largest faculty offers its approximately 6,500 students (winter semester 2011/12) ten basic programmes (B.A. and state examination) and nine graduate programmes (MSc). Special programmes such as
1680-498: The interests of the students within the university community. The central administration has five departments: student affairs, academic management, personnel and organisation, finance, and facility management . It is the backbone of the university in terms of formal structures and governance processes. Head of approximately 340 administrative staff is the chancellor. Furthermore, the chancellor's three staff offices are responsible for legal advisory , work safety and protection of
1728-504: The interests of the various status groups within a faculty. It elects a dean as the head of faculty management (Dean's Office). Deans represent a faculty and its interests to the president's office. The student parliament is the highest plenary organ of all matriculated students at HHU. The central representative of student life and the voice of students' demands in university politics is the AStA (Allgemeiner Studierendenausschuss). One student association for each academic subject represents
1776-408: The intersections of x and y lines. When a switch is pressed, it connects the corresponding x and y lines together. Polling (often called scanning in this case) is done by activating each x line in sequence and detecting which y lines then have a signal , thus which keys are pressed. When the keyboard processor detects that a key has changed state, it sends a signal to the CPU indicating the scan code of
1824-406: The key and its new state. The symbol is then encoded or converted into a number based on the status of modifier keys and the desired character encoding . A custom encoding can be used for a specific application with no loss of data. However, using a standard encoding such as ASCII is problematic if a symbol such as 'ß' needs to be converted but is not in the standard. It is estimated that in
1872-519: The link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=HHU&oldid=1107625153 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Heinrich Heine University Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf ( abbr. HHU ; German: Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf ), named after German poet Heinrich Heine ,
1920-456: The nation. Further, the 2023 ARWU World University Rankings places the university within the 301-400 global bracket, translating to a national ranking between 20th and 24th. Digital data Digital data , in information theory and information systems , is information represented as a string of discrete symbols, each of which can take on one of only a finite number of values from some alphabet , such as letters or digits. An example
1968-502: The president's office and supervises their administration of university business (§21,3 HFG). The first University Council was inaugurated in October 2007. Current chairperson of the council is Anne-José Paulsen, a judge and president of the Appeal Court of Düsseldorf (Oberlandesgericht Düsseldorf). The Senate is the central democratic organ for discussions between the university's various status groups. Their representatives are elected by
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2016-453: The president's office, see HFG §15) manages the university. Its members are the president , four vice-presidents and the chancellor . From October 2008 to 2014, the president has been the physiologist Professor Michael Piper. Since November 2014 Professor Anja Steinbeck is the president of the HHU. The University Council consists of three internal and five external members. It gives advice to
2064-477: The program became increasingly popular with graduates from other regions globally. The German-French master programme Media Culture Analysis / Analyse de Pratiques Culturelles, enables students to obtain a double diploma of both the HHU and the University of Nantes . At doctoral level the academy of the Faculty of Arts and Humanities, PhilGrad, offers a broad range of counselling and career-relevant courses. Further support for structured doctorates provide programmes in
2112-452: The university public. Further senate members are the chancellor and the president. University law gives the senate the right to confirm elected rectorate members in their office. Furthermore, it can give "recommendations and statements" concerning the university's development. To a certain extent, statements have a binding character for the President's Office. Each faculty council represents
2160-567: The volume of its collections (currently 4 stars in the public library ratings ). In its university library function, it collects, archives and cares for scientific resources. In its state library function, it does alike for regional literature. As a central unit and (multi) media centre of HHU, the ZIM provides competencies and services in the field of digital information delivery and processing. Further fields of activity are digital communication and digital media . The Botanical Garden of Düsseldorf
2208-435: The word digital in reference to the fast electric pulses emitted by a device designed to aim and fire anti-aircraft guns in 1942. The term is most commonly used in computing and electronics , especially where real-world information is converted to binary numeric form as in digital audio and digital photography . Since symbols (for example, alphanumeric characters ) are not continuous, representing symbols digitally
2256-470: The year 1986, less than 1% of the world's technological capacity to store information was digital and in 2007 it was already 94%. The year 2002 is assumed to be the year when humankind was able to store more information in digital than in analog format (the "beginning of the digital age "). Digital data come in these three states: data at rest , data in transit , and data in use . The confidentiality, integrity, and availability have to be managed during
2304-703: Was successful in the EXIST competition of the Federal Ministry of Economics and Technology (Germany) . At present five degree programmes at HHU are taught in English: The Faculty of Arts and Humanities offers English Studies (B.A.), Comparative Studies in English and American Literature (M.A.) and European Studies (M.A.); furthermore, an International MSc in biology and an English-language MSc in Physics address students at
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