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23-528: Guttentag may refer to Dobrodzień , a town in Poland Bill Guttentag (born 1958), American film writer, producer and director Jack M. Guttentag (1923–2024), American academic, professor emeritus of finance Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Guttentag . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change

46-483: A sizable German minority (25.3% according to the 2002 census) has continued to settle in the area even after the war. See twin towns of Gmina Dobrodzień . Upper Silesia plebiscite The Upper Silesia plebiscite was a plebiscite mandated by the Versailles Treaty and carried out on 20 March 1921 to determine ownership of the province of Upper Silesia between Weimar Germany and Poland . The region

69-569: Is an archaic variant of standard Polish Dzień Dobry , while Guttentag is an archaic variant of standard German Guten Tag . The area is documented as part of the Upper Silesian Duchy of Opole of the fragmented Kingdom of Poland , since about 1163 under the rule of Duke Bolesław I the Tall . The name Dobrosin was first recorded in a 1279 deed; the name varied throughout the centuries ( Dobradin , Dobrodzen , Dobrodzin , Dobrydzień etc.). It

92-605: The German-Polish Accord on East Silesia (Geneva Convention), a minority treaty , was concluded on 15 May 1922 which dealt with the constitutional and legal future of Upper Silesia that had partly become Polish territory. The earliest exact census figures on ethnolinguistic or national structure (Nationalverschiedenheit) of the Prussian part of Upper Silesia , come from 1819. Polish immigration from Galicia , Congress Poland and Prussian provinces into Upper Silesia during

115-693: The Kingdom of Prussia according to the Treaty of Breslau . Incorporated into the Prussian Province of Silesia , it became part of the German Empire in 1871. Despite Germanisation policies, the town has retained its Polish character and its population was predominantly Catholic . In the Catholic church, Polish sermons took place weekly, German ones every month. Small Protestant and Jewish minorities also lived in

138-442: The 19th century was a major factor in their increasing numbers. The last Prussian general census figures available are from 1910 (if not including the 1911 census of school children – Sprachzählung unter den Schulkindern – which revealed a higher percent of Polish-speakers among school children than the 1910 census among the general populace). Figures ( Table 1. ) show that large demographic changes took place between 1819 and 1910, with

161-633: The German side, within the Prussian Province of Upper Silesia and ended up very close to the new German–Polish border. In May 1921 it was still captured by Polish insurgents during the Third Silesian Uprising , however it remained part of Germany after 1922. Several Polish organizations and enterprises operated in the town in the interbellum , including the Union of Poles in Germany , a Polish scout troop and

184-470: The Polish Bank Ludowy ("People's Bank"). Polish activists were persecuted since 1937. In the months before the outbreak of World War II , in 1939, the houses of Polish activists and Polish institutions and enterprises were the target of numerous attacks, anonymous threatening letters were sent to Poles, while the police refused protection. After the invasion of Poland , which started World War II ,

207-543: The area yielded iron, zinc, and lead as well. The "Industrial Triangle" on the eastern side of the plebiscite zone – between the cities of Beuthen (Bytom), Kattowitz (Katowice), and Gleiwitz (Gliwice) was the heart of this large industrial complex. The Upper Silesia plebiscite was therefore a plebiscite for self-determination of Upper Silesia required by the Treaty of Versailles . Both Germany and Poland valued this region not only for reasons of national feeling, but for its economic importance as well. The area

230-621: The assets of the Polish bank were confiscated by the German state. Jews, most of whom supported Germany against Poland in the 1921 plebiscite, were also persecuted by the Germans in the 1930s, resulting in their emigration to the west. The synagogue was dismantled by the Germans. In 1945, as part of Potsdam Agreement by the Allied victors after World War II , the town became part of the Republic of Poland and

253-408: The end of World War I placed some formerly German territory in neighboring countries, some of which had not existed at the beginning of the war. In the case of the new Polish state , the Treaty of Versailles established some 54,000 square kilometers of formerly German territory as part of newly independent Poland. Many of these areas were ethnically mixed. In three of these ethnically mixed areas on

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276-505: The final position of the opposing forces became, roughly, the new border. The decision was handed over to the League of Nations , which confirmed this border, and Poland received roughly one third of the plebiscite zone by area, including the greater part of the industrial region. After the referendum, on 20 October 1921, a conference of ambassadors in Paris decided to divide the region. Consequently,

299-498: The historic name Dobrodzień was restored. Up till then the town had a mostly Protestant population, but after the expulsion of most of the German inhabitants, it was resettled with mainly Catholic Poles, many of whom were expelled from former eastern Poland annexed by the Soviet Union , in particular from Barszczowice . Dobrodzień and most of the surrounding towns are at present officially bilingual in both Polish and German;

322-426: The link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Guttentag&oldid=1205802484 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Dobrodzie%C5%84 Both names in Polish and German mean "Good day". Dobrodzień

345-488: The new German-Polish border, however, the Allied leaders provided for border plebiscites or referendums. The areas would be occupied by Allied forces and governed in some degree by Allied commissions. The most significant of these plebiscites was the one in Upper Silesia , since the region was a principal industrial center. The most important economic asset was the enormous coal-mining industry and its ancillary businesses, but

368-646: The plebiscite area, as they were almost entirely populated by Germans . (67.2%) (61.1%) (62.0%) (62.6%) (62.1%) (58.6%) (58.1%) (58.1%) (58.6%) (58.7%) (57.3%) (59.1%) (59.8%) or up to 1,560,000 together with bilinguals (29.0%) (37.3%) (36.1%) (35.6%) (36.3%) (36.8%) (37.4%) (37.2%) (36.5%) (36.5%) (38.1%) (36.3%) (36.8%) (3.8%) (1.6%) (1.9%) (1.8%) (1.6%) (4.6%) (4.5%) (4.7%) (4.9%) (4.8%) (4.6%) (4.6%) (3.4%) (5.9%) (7.3%) (5.8%) The Paris Peace Conference at

391-400: The region as well. The area was policed by French, British, and Italian troops, and overseen by an Inter-Allied Commission. The Allies planned a partition of the region, but a Polish insurgency took control of over half the area. The Germans responded with volunteer paramilitary units from all over Germany, which fought the Polish units. In the end, after renewed Allied military intervention,

414-666: The region's total population quadrupling, the percent of Germans increasing significantly, while Polish-speakers maintained their steady increasing numbers. Also the total land area in which Polish was spoken, as well as the land area in which it was spoken, declined between 1790 and 1890. Polish authors before 1918 estimated the number of Poles in Prussian Upper Silesia as slightly higher than according to official German censuses. The three western districts of Falkenberg (Niemodlin) , Grottkau (Grodków) and Neisse (Nysa) , though part of Regierungsbezirk Oppeln , were not included in

437-571: The town. According to the German census of 1890, Guttentag town had a population of 2,426, of which 1,350 (56%) were Poles . The town suffered a fire in 1846. After World War I , in the Upper Silesia plebiscite held in March 1921, 79.5% of the citizens of the town came out in favour of a continuance in Germany, and while most parts of the Lubliniec district were reintegrated with the re-established Polish Republic , Dobrodzień, as Guttentag , remained on

460-456: Was ethnically mixed with both Germans and Poles ; according to prewar statistics, ethnic Poles formed 60 percent of the population. Under the previous rule by the German Empire , Poles claimed they had faced discrimination, making them effectively second class citizens. The period of the plebiscite campaign and inter- Allied occupation was marked by violence. There were three Polish uprisings , and German volunteer paramilitary units came to

483-644: Was granted town rights according to Magdeburg law in 1374 by Duke Vladislaus II of Opole , who then vested it with various privileges in 1384. It remained under the rule of the local Polish dukes of the Piast dynasty , although as a fief of the Bohemian Crown from 1327, until the dissolution of the Duchy of Opole and Racibórz in 1532, when it was incorporated into the Habsburg -ruled Kingdom of Bohemia , as part of which it

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506-410: Was occupied by British, French, and Italian forces, and an Interallied Committee headed by a French general, Henri Le Rond . The plebiscite was set for 20 March 1921. Both Poles and Germans were allowed to organize campaigns. Each side developed secret paramilitary forces – both financed from the opposing capitals, Warsaw and Berlin. The major figure of the campaign was Wojciech Korfanty ,

529-564: Was owned by the Posadowski, Jarocki, Blacha and Blankowski noble families. The first mention of the German name Guttentag occurred in 1636, as a literal translation of the original Polish name. In 1645 along with the former Duchy of Opole and Racibórz it returned to Poland under the House of Vasa , and in 1666 it passed to Bohemia again. Upon the First Silesian War , in 1742, it was annexed by

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