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40-509: 41°10′42″N 48°30′46″E  /  41.17833°N 48.51278°E  / 41.17833; 48.51278 Gürdəh (also, Girdaz , Gurdag , and Kyurdakh ) is a village in the Quba Rayon of Azerbaijan . The village forms part of the municipality of Zıxır . This Quba Rayon location article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Quba Rayon Quba District ( Guba District ; Azerbaijani : Quba rayonu )

80-777: A long shirt, wide trousers worn outside, a slim line dress, outer unbuttoned dress, headscarf, and "Moroccan" stockings. Male clothes are the Circassian coat and high fur-cap. Traditional occupations of the Tat population are agriculture, vegetable-growing, gardening and cattle-breeding. The main cultures are barley , rye , wheat , millet , sunflower , maize , potatoes and peas . Large vineyards and fruit gardens are widespread. Sheep , cows, horses , donkeys , buffalos and rarely camels are kept as domestic cattle. The traditional one or two-storeyed houses made of rectangular limestone blocks or river shingles and also have blank walls facing

120-537: A major portion of Tats in the 1926 census were listed under the categories "Persians" and "Azerbaijani Turks". This was particularly the case within the Azerbaijan SSR, where some 38,327 individuals were recorded as "Turks whose native language is Tat". The 1979 Soviet census counted 22,441 Tats of which 8,848 were located in the Azerbaijan SSR and 7,437 in the Dagestan ASSR. The earliest mention of Persians in

160-537: A progenitor of the first Shirvanshah dynasty (about 510 – 1538). After the region had been conquered by Arabs (7th and 8th centuries) Islamization of the local population began. Since the 11th century Oghuz tribes, led by Seljuq dynasts started to penetrate into the region. The gradual formation of the Azeri people started. Apparently, in this period the Turkic exonym Tat or Tati , which designated settled farmers,

200-473: Is a rich tradition of Tat spoken folk art. Genres of national poetry like ruba’is , ghazals , bayts are highly developed. While studying the works of Persian medieval poets of South Caucasus like Khaqani and Nizami Ganjavi some distinctive features of the Tat language have been revealed. As a result of the long co-existence of Tats and Azerbaijanis, many common features in farming, housekeeping, and culture have developed. Traditional Tat female clothes are

240-497: Is one of the 66 districts of Azerbaijan . Located in the northeast of the country, it belongs to the Guba-Khachmaz Economic Region . The district borders the districts of Qusar , Qabala , Ismayilli , Shamakhi , Shabran , and Khachmaz . Its capital and largest city is Quba . As of 2020, the district had a population of 173,400. The fertile region surrounding Quba is best known for its production of apples and

280-606: Is one of the languages of Old Persia. It is clear that they are from the people of Fars and after its destruction, they settled in those villages. ..The districts situated between the two cities of Shamakhi and Qodyal, which is now the city of Qobbeh, include Howz, Lahej, and Qoshunlu in Shirvan and Barmak, Sheshpareh and the lower part of Boduq in Qobbeh, and all the country of Baku, except six villages of Turkmen, speak Tat. it becomes apparent from this that they originate from Fars.“ According to

320-696: Is typical for Mountain Jews. Dermatoglyphic characteristics of the Tats and Mountain Jews also exclude ethnic similarity. In 2012 a uniparental genetic markers comparison between Judeo-Tat dialect and Muslim-Tat dialect speakers in Dagestan found independent demographic histories. Speakers of Mountain-Jew dialect and Tati language are representatives of two different nations, each with its own religion, ethnic consciousness, self-designation, way of life, material and spiritual values. Some 19th- and 20th-century publications describe

360-459: The Caspian lowlands to Quba where he built a fortress. Hussein-Ali died in 1757 and his son Fatali Khan carried on the expansion with Quba reaping the riches of its status as the capital. Some ruins from this period, such as Çirax Qala on the way to Baku , exist today. However, upon Fatali Khan's death in 1789, the city's fortunes began to turn. In 1806, the khanate was occupied and soon absorbed by

400-561: The Caucasus is found in the Greek historian Herodotus ' account of the Achaemenid expansion of 558–330 BC, during which they annexed Transcaucasia (South Caucasus) as the X, XI, XVIII and XIX satrapies of their empire. Archaeological material uncovered in present-day Azerbaijan, Armenia and Georgia include Achaemenid architecture , jewelry and ceramics. There is little information about

440-557: The North Caucasus from Qajar Iran . After that there is data about quantity and settling of the Tats, collected by tsarist authorities. When the city of Baku was occupied in the beginning of the 19th century during the Russo-Persian War (1804–1813), the whole population of the city (about 8,000 people) were Tats. Russia more or less openly pursued a policy to free their newly conquered land from Iran's influence. By doing this,

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480-690: The Persians were Zoroastrian . After they had been conquered by the Rashidun Caliphate , Islam became widespread. Today the Tats are mainly Shia Muslim , with a sizeable minority who are Sunni Muslim . The Tat language was widely spread in Eastern South Caucasus. Up to the 20th century it was also used by non-Muslim groups: Mountain Jews , part of the Armenians and the Udins . This has led some to

520-627: The Russian Empire . As a result, the city fell into the background of Azerbaijani history and politics. The city is home to several historic buildings, including the Juma Mosque (Cuma Məscid or Friday Mosque), Ardabil Mosque (Ərdəbil Məscid) and old hamman (baths). The region is home to Azerbaijan's largest community of Mountain Jews in the community of Qırmızı Qəsəbə (formerly in Russian : Krasnaya Sloboda , English: Red Town ), located just across

560-875: The 1894 publication of the Caucasian Calendar , there were 124,693 Tats in the Caucasus, however, due to the gradual spread of the Azerbaijani language, Tati was falling out of use. During the Soviet period, after the official term Azerbaijani had been introduced in the late 1930s, the ethnic self-consciousness of Tats changed greatly and many started to call themselves Azerbaijani. Whereas in 1926 about 28,443 Tats had been counted, in 1989 only 10,239 people recognized themselves as such. In 2005 American researchers carried out investigations in several villages of Guba , Devechi , Khizi , Siyazan , Ismailli and Shemakha districts of

600-473: The 19th-century Golestan-e-Eram , written by Abbasqulu Bakikhanov , Tati was widespread in many areas of Shamakhi , Baku, Darband and Guba : “There are eight villages in Tabarsaran which are: Jalqan, Rukan, Maqatir, Kamakh, Ridiyan, Homeydi, Mata'i, and Bilhadi. They are in the environs of a city that Anushiravan built near the wall of Darband. Its remains are still there. They speak the Tat language, which

640-611: The Middle Ages, the term Tati was used not only for the Caucasus but also for northern Iran, where it was extended to almost all of the local Iranian languages except Persian and Kurdish . Currently the term Tati and Tati language is used to refer to a particular group of north-western Iranian dialects (Chali, Danesfani, Hiaraji, Hoznini, Esfarvarini, Takestani, Sagzabadi, Ebrahimabadi, Eshtehardi, Hoini, Kajali, Shahroudi, Harzani) in Iranian Azerbaijan , as well as south of it in

680-450: The Republic of Azerbaijan, indicating 15,553 Tats in these villages. Although the majority of the Tat population of Azerbaijan and southern Dagestan uses the Turkic exonym Tati or Tat as a self-designation, there remain some local self-designations: On December 14, 1990, the Azeri cultural and educational society for studying and development of Tati language, history, and ethnography

720-807: The Russian Caucasus of which 118,165 were located in the Baku Governorate and 3,609 in the Dagestan Oblast . The 1897 Russian Empire census recorded 95,056 Tats, of which 89,519 were in the Baku Governorate and 2,998 in the Dagestan Oblast. The 1926 Soviet census only counted 28,705 Tats of which 28,443 were in the Azerbaijan SSR and 1,237 in the Dagestan ASSR . Arthur Tsutsiev notes that

760-500: The Russian government helped to create and spread a new Turkic identity that, in contrast to the previous one, was founded on secular principles, particularly the shared language. As a result, many Iranian-speaking residents of the future Azerbaijan Republic at the time either started hiding their Iranian ancestry or underwent progressive assimilation. The Tats and Kurds underwent these integration processes particularly quickly. According to

800-852: The Scientific Research Institute of Hematology and Transfusiology named after B. Eyvazov, 91 medical stations. There are 155 educational institutions, 135 secondary schools, 15 preschools and 5 kindergartens in the district. There is also a branch of the Azerbaijan State Pedagogical University, Guba Social-Economic College, Medical College, Vocational High School, Private Vocational School. Tat people (Caucasus) The Tat people or Transcaucasian Persians (also: Tat , Parsi , Daghli , Lohijon ) are an Iranian people presently living within Azerbaijan and Russia (mainly Southern Dagestan ). The Tats are part of

840-482: The anthropologist K.M. Kurdov carried out measurements of a large group of Tat population of Lahij village and revealed fundamental differences of their physical-anthropological type from the Mountain Jews. Measurements of Tats and Mountain Jews were also made by some other researchers. Cephalic index measurements have showed that while for Tats mesocephalia and dolichocephalia are typical, extreme brachycephalia

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880-769: The ceremony. Various competitions are held among the gardeners at the "Apple Festival". There are 134 historical and archaeological monuments in the Quba district. These include the temple of fire worshipers near the village of Khinalig, the Mausoleums of Aghbil dating back to the 16th century, the Sakina Khanum mosque , the Juma mosque , Ardabil mosque, which dates back to the 19th century. Ethnic groups in Quba (2019) Azerbaijanis (All parts of district) - 79.22%, Tats (Southern parts) - 9.10% and Lezgians (Northwestern parts) - 5.87 % are

920-586: The citizens of several Tat-speaking village of South Caucasus as Armenian Tats , Armeno-Tats , Christian Tats or Gregorian Tats . It was suggested that a part of the Persians of Eastern South Caucasus had adopted Armenian Christianity , but this did not take into consideration the fact that those citizens identify themselves as Armenians, because conversion to religion is strongly attached to ethnic identity in eastern cultures. There are traces of an Armenian phonological, lexical, grammatical, and calque substratum in

960-559: The city area of Quba is known for its fine carpets . Quba rose to prominence in the 18th century. In 1747, Nader Shah ruler of the Afsharid Dynasty was assassinated. That same year, Hussein-Ali, the Shah's designated ruler of the region, decided to attempt to unify the Azeri khanates as an independent kingdom. One of his first moves was to relocate his capital from the less defensible Xudat in

1000-416: The dialect of Tat-speaking Armenians. There are also Armenian affricates (ծ, ց, ձ) in words of Iranian origin, which do not exist in the Tat language. This can only be explained by Armenian influence. Although they have lost their language these Armenians managed to preserve their national identity. It has a distinct "us versus them" dichotomy, "Hay" (us) to "Muslims" (Tats and Azeri together). Starting from

1040-562: The grammatical structure of Juhuri retains archaic features of the language it is derived from. At the same time all of these languages are satiated with Hebrew words. The loanwords from Aramaic and Hebrew in Juhuri include words not directly connected with Judaic rituals (e.g. zoft resin, nokumi envy, ghuf body, keton linen, etc.) Some syntactical features that Juhuri has are ones typical for Hebrew. The physical-anthropological types of Tats and Mountain Jews are also dissimilar. In 1913

1080-487: The idea of the Mountain Jews' Tat origin started in the 1930s. Through the efforts of several Mountain Jews, closely connected with the regime, the idea of mountain Jews being not really Jews at all but Judaized Tats became widely spread. Some Mountain Jews started to register themselves as Tats because of secret pressure from the authorities. As a result of this, the words Tat and Mountain Jew became almost synonymous. The term "Tat"

1120-578: The idea that Muslim Tats, Tat-speaking Mountain Jews , and Tat-speaking Christian Armenians are one nation, practicing three different religions. The "Mountain Jews" belong to the community of Persian-speaking Jews. Some groups of this community live in Iran, Israel (especially), North America (especially), and Europe. The Jews of North Caucasus and modern day Azerbaijan were classified "Mountain Jews" only in 19th-century official Russian documentation. The Mountain Jews call themselves Juhuro , which means "Jews". In

1160-490: The indigenous peoples of Iranian origin in the Caucasus. Tats use the Tat language , a southwestern Iranian language somewhat different from Standard Persian , as well as Azerbaijani and Russian . Tats are mainly Shia Muslims with a significant Sunni Muslim minority. As late as the turn of the 20th century, the Tat constituted about 11% of the population of the entire eastern half of Azerbaijan (see Baku Governorate ,

1200-624: The largest ethnic groups of Quba District. Khinalugs (1.43%) are living in the village of Khinalug . Buduq (Budukh). group According to the Statistical Committee of the Republic , the number total of the population was 137,8 thousand in 2000. This figure increased by approximately 32.2 thousand and reached 170 thousand In 2018. There are Central hospital, Regional Perinatal Center, regional Diagnostic center of Guba, rehabilitation centers, center of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Guba Branch of

1240-541: The middle of the 16th century the state of Shirvanshahs was eliminated and South Caucasus joined Safavid Iran almost completely. In the late 18th century Russia actively started to contest the hegemony of Iran in the Caucasus. Following the Russo-Persian Wars of 1804-1813 and 1826-1828 and the respectively resulting treaties of Gulistan and Turkmenchay , Russia gained most of the South Caucasus and parts of

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1280-537: The permanent Persian population in South Caucasus since the Achaemenid period. Likely the ancestors of modern Tats settled in South Caucasus when the Sassanid Empire from the 3rd to 7th centuries built cities and founded military garrisons to strengthen their positions in this region. Khosrow I (531–579) presented the title of regent of Shirvan in eastern South Caucasus to a close relative of his, who later became

1320-816: The river from Quba City. Guba region has been known for its fruitful gardens since the Soviet era . According to the annual report of the Azerbaijan Statistical Committee, the apple orchards in the Guba-Khachmaz economic region covers nearly 22,000 hectares. About 14,000 hectares of these are in the Guba district. Since 2012, every year an apple festival is held in Guba . Compositions, national dances reflecting Azerbaijani custom and traditions, different types of apples, sweets and drinks prepared from apple are demonstrated at

1360-399: The roof. House furniture consisted of low couches, carpeted floors, and mattresses. Fireplaces, braziers , and ovens were used for heating the home in winter and cooking year-round. The property usually has a walled or fenced in yard and almost always has a garden. There is a veranda ( eyvan ), a paved drain or a small basin ( tənu ), covered cattle-pan, stable and hen-house. Originally

1400-587: The section on Demography). They formed nearly one-fifth (18.9%) of the population of the Baku province and over one-quarter (25.3%) of the Kuba Province—both on the Caspian Sea . Either through misrepresentation, data manipulation, or simple assimilation, the Tat portion of the population of Azerbaijan has shrunk to insignificance, facing assimilation. The 1886–1892 Tsarist population figures counted 124,683 Tats in

1440-405: The street. The roof is flat with an opening for a stone fireplace chimney. The upper floor is used for habitation and living areas where the family gets together (kitchen etc.) were situated on the ground floor. Typically one of the living room walls has several niches for the storage of clothes, bed linens, and sometimes crockery. Rooms were illuminated by lamps or by a skylight through an opening in

1480-456: The year 1888 A. Sh. Anisimov showed the closeness of the language of the Mountain Jews and the Tats. In his work Caucasian Jews-Mountaineers he came to the conclusion that the Mountain Jews were representatives of the Iranian family of the Tats, which had adopted Judaism in Iran and later moved to the South Caucasus. The ideas of Anisimov were supported during the Soviet period: the popularization of

1520-667: Was assigned to the South Caucasian dialect of the Persian language. The Mongols conquered South Caucasus in the 1230s and the Ilkhanate state was founded in the 1250s. Mongol domination lasted until 1360–1370, but that did not stop prominent poets and scientists to emerge. At the end of the 14th century, South Caucasus was invaded by Tamerlane . By the end of the 15th century, the state of Shirvanshahs had obtained considerable power, its diplomatic and economic ties had become stronger. In

1560-560: Was founded by the board of the Ministry of Justice of the Azerbaijan SSR . A primer and textbook of the Tat language together with literary and folklore pieces were published. The Persian settlers of the South Caucasus have long interacted with the surrounding ethnic groups, exchanging elements of their cultures. Arts like carpet -making, hand- weaving , metal manufacture, embossing and incrustation are highly developed. The arts of ornamental design and miniature are also very popular. There

1600-450: Was used in research literature as the second or even first name for Mountain Jews. This caused the whole cultural heritage (literature, theatre, music) created by Mountain Jews during the Soviet period to be attributed to the Tats. Comparing physic-anthropological characteristics of Tats and Mountain Jews together with information about their languages suggests no signs of ethnic unity between these two nations. Like most "Jewish" languages,

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