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69-645: Gunn City is a village in Cass County , Missouri , United States. The population was 118 at the 2010 census . It is part of the Kansas City metropolitan area . Gunn City was platted in 1871. It was named for O. B. Gunn, an engineer of the Missouri–Kansas–Texas Railroad . A famous vigilante action took place in Gunn City on April 23, 1872, that came to be called the "Gunn City Massacre." Outraged by

138-620: A presidential candidate . The Harrisonville area was long inhabited by speakers of the Dhegihan Siouan-language family: The Osage , Quapaw , Omaha , Ponca and Kansa tribes make up this sub-group. The Kansa tribal range extended southward from the Kansas-Missouri River junction as far as the northern edge of present-day Bates County, Missouri , taking in the sites of modern Pleasant Hill, Garden City, Archie and Drexel. On their southeastern border they were neighbors of

207-570: A Democrat. All of Cass County is a part of Missouri's 31st District in the Missouri Senate and is currently represented by Rick Brattin (R- Harrisonville ). All of Cass County is included in Missouri's 4th Congressional District and is currently represented by Vicky Hartzler (R- Harrisonville ) in the U.S. House of Representatives . Hartzler was elected to a sixth term in 2020 over Democratic challenger Lindsey Simmons. Cass County, along with

276-461: A Revolutionary War veteran who fought under General George Washington at Bunker Hill . Cass attended the private Phillips Exeter Academy . In 1800, the family moved to Marietta , Ohio , part of a wave of westward migration after the end of the war and defeat of Native Americans in the Northwest Indian War . Cass studied law with Return J. Meigs Jr. , was admitted to the bar, and began

345-567: A band of Native Americans. The Americans killed one Native American and scalped him. Cass and his fellow Americans then withdrew safely. Cass became colonel of the 27th United States Infantry Regiment on February 20, 1813. Soon after, he was promoted to brigadier general in the Regular Army on March 12, 1813. Cass took part in the Battle of the Thames , which saw the death of Tecumseh . Cass resigned from

414-543: A consolation prize for his previous presidential runs. Although retaining incumbent Secretary of State William L. Marcy was considered the best option by many, Buchanan made it clear that he did not want to keep anyone from the Pierce Administration. Moreover, Marcy had opposed his earlier presidential bids, and was in poor health in any event, ultimately dying in July 1857. Cass, aged 75, was seen by most as too old for such

483-595: A county caucus, which selected a delegation favoring Santorum. Incumbent President Barack Obama easily won the Missouri Democratic Primary and renomination. He defeated Romney in the general election. In 2008, the Missouri Republican Presidential Primary was closely contested, with Senator John McCain (R- Arizona ) prevailing and eventually winning the nomination. However, former Governor Mitt Romney (R- Massachusetts ) won

552-411: A demanding position and was thought to likely be little more than a figurehead. Buchanan, weighing many of the other options for Secretary of State, considered that Cass was the best choice to avoid political infighting and sectional tensions. Buchanan wrote a flattering letter offering him the post of Secretary of State, commenting that he was remarkably active and energetic for his advanced age. Cass, who

621-586: A fellow Democrat as president all failed in their bid to do so. Cass made another bid for president in 1852 but neither he nor rival Democratic contenders Buchanan and Stephen Douglas secured a majority of delegates’ votes at the Democratic Convention in Baltimore , and the party went with Franklin Pierce instead. On March 6, 1857, President James Buchanan appointed Cass to serve as Secretary of State as

690-479: A female householder with no husband present, and 23.80% were non-families. 20.00% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.50% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.69 and the average family size was 3.09. In the county, the population was spread out, with 28.40% under the age of 18, 7.30% from 18 to 24, 30.20% from 25 to 44, 22.30% from 45 to 64, and 11.70% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age

759-504: A majority in Cass County. The 2012 Missouri Republican Presidential Primary's results were nonbinding on the state's national convention delegates. Voters in Cass County supported former U.S. Senator Rick Santorum (R- Pennsylvania ), who finished first in the state at large, but eventually lost the nomination to former Governor Mitt Romney (R- Massachusetts ). Delegates to the congressional district and state conventions were chosen at

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828-455: A number of bands negotiated being allowed to remain in Michigan. At the end of his term, President Jackson appointed Cass to succeed Edward Livingston as the U.S. Minister to France on October 4, 1836. He presented his credentials on December 1, 1836, and served until he left his post on November 12, 1842, when he was succeeded by William R. King , who later became the 13th Vice President of

897-400: A plurality in Cass County. Then- Senator Hillary Clinton (D- New York ) received more votes than any candidate from either party in Cass County during the 2008 presidential primary. Despite initial reports that Clinton had won Missouri, Barack Obama (D- Illinois ), also a Senator at the time, narrowly defeated her statewide and later became that year's Democratic nominee, going on to win

966-849: A position he would hold until 1836. Cass was a central figure in implementing the Indian removal policy of the Jackson administration; Congress had passed the Indian Removal Act in 1830. While it was directed chiefly against the Southeastern tribes, especially the Five Civilized Tribes, it also affected tribes in Ohio, Illinois, and other areas east of the Mississippi River. Most were forced to Indian Territory in present-day Kansas and Oklahoma , but

1035-679: A practice in Zanesville . In 1806, Cass was elected to the Ohio House of Representatives . The following year, President Thomas Jefferson appointed Cass as the U.S. Marshal for Ohio. He joined the Freemasons , an increasingly popular fraternal organization in that period, being initiated as an Entered Apprentice in what was later American Union Lodge No.1 at Marietta on December 5, 1803. He achieved his Fellow Craft degree on April 2, 1804, and his Master Mason degree on May 7, 1804. On June 24, 1805, he

1104-520: A reconnaissance force combined with 150 Ohio infantry troops under Cass were near the bridge leading to Fort Malden. Two British guns fired on the Americans and disabled an American cannon. The Americans captured two British soldiers after they crossed the bridge, before safely withdrawing with their prisoners. On July 28, 1812, Colonel Cass conducted a hit-and-run attack at the Rivière aux Canards driving back

1173-534: A religion are Southern Baptists (43.71%), Roman Catholics (17.42%), and United Methodists (11.07%). School districts include: Full K-12 school districts Elementary school districts: Local politics are controlled by the Republican Party in Cass County. Cass County is split between five legislative districts in the Missouri House of Representatives , four of which are held by Republicans and one by

1242-516: A small number of slaves continued to reside in Michigan until it achieved statehood. Despite his later claims to the contrary, as territorial governor, Cass is known to have owned at least one slave, a household servant, as evidenced by 1818 correspondence between him and Alexander Macomb . Slavery continued in Michigan until admission to the Union in 1837, when its first state constitution outlawed slavery statewide. In 1830, Cass published an article in

1311-453: A strongly Republican county in presidential elections. Cass County strongly favored Donald Trump in both 2016 and 2020 . The last Democratic candidate to carry the county was Jimmy Carter in 1976 . Voters in Cass County generally adhere to socially and culturally conservative principles which tend to influence their Republican leanings. Despite Cass County's longstanding tradition of supporting socially conservative platforms, voters in

1380-498: A swindle by certain officials of a company building a rail line to Santa Fe , local citizens reacted by trapping the perpetrators on a train and shooting them dead. According to the United States Census Bureau , the village has a total area of 0.08 square miles (0.21 km), all of it land. As of the census of 2010, there were 118 people, 34 households, and 27 families living in the village. The population density

1449-433: Is a county located in the western part of the U.S. state of Missouri and is part of the Kansas City metropolitan area . As of the 2020 census , the population was 107,824. Its county seat is Harrisonville ; however, the county contains a portion of Kansas City, Missouri . The county was organized in 1835 as Van Buren County , but was renamed in 1849 after U.S. Senator Lewis Cass of Michigan , who later became

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1518-615: Is land and 5.7 square miles (15 km ) (0.8%) is water. Cass County is one of the few counties in the US to border two counties of the same name in different states (Johnson County in Missouri and Kansas). As of the census of 2000, there were 82,092 people, 30,168 households, and 22,988 families residing in the county. The population density was 117 inhabitants per square mile (45/km ). There were 31,677 housing units at an average density of 45 units per square mile (17/km ). The racial makeup of

1587-576: The 30th Congress . In 1848, he resigned from the Senate to run for president in the 1848 election . William Orlando Butler was selected as his running mate. Cass was a leading supporter of the doctrine of popular sovereignty , which held that the (white male) American citizens who lived in a territory should decide whether to permit slavery there. His nomination caused a split in the Democratic Party, leading many antislavery Northern Democrats to join

1656-631: The Free Soil Party , which nominated former President Martin Van Buren . After losing the election to Zachary Taylor , Cass was returned by the state legislature to the Senate, serving from 1849 to 1857. He was the first non-incumbent Democratic presidential candidate to lose an election and the first Democrat who was unsuccessful in his bid to succeed another Democrat as president. Apart from James Buchanan's election to succeed Franklin Pierce in 1856, subsequent Democrats who attempted election to succeed

1725-532: The North American Review that passionately argued that Indians were "inherently inferior" to whites, and incapable of being civilized and thus should be removed from the eastern United States. This article caught the attention and approval of Andrew Jackson. On August 1, 1831, Cass resigned as governor of the Michigan Territory to take the post of Secretary of War under President Andrew Jackson ,

1794-455: The Sauk , Fox and Kickapoo tribes. The early camp meetings held by European-American settlers southwest of Harrisonville often attracted as many as 500 Indians, in addition to Europeans. They seemed to enjoy the enthusiastic religious services, accompanied by hymn singing and socializing, as much as the white settlers did. The first European-American settler on the site of modern Harrisonville

1863-626: The War of 1812 broke out, Cass took command of the 3rd Ohio Volunteer Regiment . During the war, Cass conducted several military operations around the Canada–United States border . On July 16, 1812, a British force consisting of the 41st Regiment of Foot , 60 men of the Canadian Militia and a number of Indians were posted near Fort Malden . Cass and Colonel James Miller led a concealed American reconnaissance force near them. The British detected

1932-521: The poverty line , including 7.00% of those under age 18 and 5.20% of those age 65 or over. According to the Association of Religion Data Archives County Membership Report (2010), Cass County is sometimes regarded as being on the northern edge of the Bible Belt , with evangelical Protestantism being the most predominant religion. The most predominant denominations among residents in Cass County who adhere to

2001-590: The Americans, and sent a party of Indians over a nearby bridge to draw them out; however, once the Indians crossed, the concealed Americans opened fire, wounding two and killing one. Cass and Miller send word to General William Hull , requesting permission to attack Fort Malden and hold it until reinforcements arrived. However, Hull, an indecisive officer, was unsupportive and refused to agree to their request, which led Cass and Miller to withdraw their men back to American lines. On July 19, 1812, Colonel Duncan McArthur with

2070-602: The Army on May 1, 1814. As a reward for his military service, Cass was appointed Governor of the Michigan Territory by President James Madison on October 29, 1813, serving until 1831. As he was frequently traveling on business, several territorial secretaries often acted as governor in his place. During this period, he helped negotiate and implement treaties with Native American tribes in Michigan, by which they ceded substantial amounts of land. Some were given small reservations in

2139-691: The Cabinet in December 1860 in protest of Buchanan's handling of the threatened secession of several Southern states. Since his death in 1866, he has been commemorated in various ways, including with a statue in the National Statuary Hall . Cass was born on October 9, 1782, in Exeter, New Hampshire , near the end of the American Revolution . His parents were Molly ( née Gilman) Cass and Major Jonathan Cass,

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2208-497: The Democratic side, former Vice President Joe Biden (D- Delaware ) both won statewide and carried Cass County by a wide margin. Biden went on to defeat President Donald Trump in the general election. Incumbent President Donald Trump (R- Florida ) faced a primary challenge from former Massachusetts Governor Bill Weld , but won both Cass County and statewide by overwhelming margins. The 2016 presidential primaries for both

2277-509: The Osage. There is no evidence that either of these tribes ever had a truly permanent settlement in the territory of Cass County. Other historical tribes in the area were reportedly Shawnee and Lenape (aka Delaware), whose tribes spoke related Algonquian languages . The Lenape had been pushed to the Midwest from their territory along the mid-Atlantic coast by continuous white encroachment. In 1818

2346-500: The Republican and Democratic parties were held in Missouri on March 15. Businessman Donald Trump (R- New York ) narrowly won the state overall, but Senator Ted Cruz (R- Texas ) carried a plurality of the vote in Cass County. Trump went on to win the nomination and the presidency. On the Democratic side, former Secretary of State Hillary Clinton (D- New York ) narrowly won statewide, but Senator Bernie Sanders (I- Vermont ) won

2415-573: The United States under President Franklin Pierce . In the 1844 Democratic convention , Cass stood as a candidate for the presidential nomination, losing on the 9th ballot to dark horse candidate James K. Polk . Cass was elected by the state legislature to represent Michigan in the United States Senate , serving in 1845–1848. He served as chairman of the Committee on Military Affairs in

2484-587: The United States had granted land to the Lenape in southern Missouri Territory, but they were forced to cede it back in 1825, after Missouri became a state. At that time, they were removed to a reservation in Kansas. Other Lenape had previously migrated south to Texas, seeking refuge in what was still Mexican territory after it gained independence from Spain. Those who remained in the Harrisonville area were close relatives of

2553-587: The United States to accept the islands under a protectorate in June 1858. Cass resigned on December 14, 1860, because of what he considered Buchanan's failure to protect federal interests in the South and failure to mobilize the federal military, actions that might have averted the threatened secession of Southern states. On May 26, 1806, Cass married Elizabeth Spencer (1786–1853), the daughter of Dr. Joseph Spencer Jr. and Deborah (née Seldon) Spencer. Her paternal grandfather

2622-414: The age of 18 living with them, 52.9% were married couples living together, 17.6% had a female householder with no husband present, 8.8% had a male householder with no wife present, and 20.6% were non-families. 5.9% of all households were made up of individuals. The average household size was 3.47 and the average family size was 3.56. The median age in the village was 33 years. 33.1% of residents were under

2691-502: The age of 18; 7.5% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 30.5% were from 25 to 44; 20.3% were from 45 to 64; and 8.5% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the village was 47.5% male and 52.5% female. As of the census of 2000, there were 85 people, 32 households, and 24 families living in the village. The population density was 1,054.6 inhabitants per square mile (407.2/km). There were 33 housing units at an average density of 409.4 per square mile (158.1/km). The racial makeup of

2760-581: The anti-slavery wing of the party. Van Buren led the Free Soil Party 's presidential ticket and appealed to many anti-slavery Democrats, possibly contributing to the victory of Whig nominee Zachary Taylor . Cass returned to the Senate in 1849 and continued to serve until 1857 when he accepted appointment as the Secretary of State . He unsuccessfully sought to buy land from Mexico and sympathized with American filibusters in Latin America . Cass resigned from

2829-521: The appointment. In 1820, Cass led an expedition to the northwestern part of Michigan Territory, in the Great Lakes region in today's northern Minnesota . Its purpose was to map the region and locate the source of the Mississippi River . The headwater of the great river was then unknown, resulting in an undefined border between the United States and British North America , which had been linked to

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2898-627: The area. Most of the buildings were burned, the jail among them. Fort Harrisonville was a Union stronghold for a brief period in 1863 and provided protection for loyal Union families. Some of the county's local history is presented at the Pleasant Hill Historical Society Museum , in Pleasant Hill on the northern edge of the county. According to the U.S. Census Bureau , the county has a total area of 702 square miles (1,820 km ), of which 697 square miles (1,810 km )

2967-480: The bonds to the new Saint Louis and Santa Fe Railroad, from whence they were later assigned to the Land Grant Railroad & Construction Company of New York City . Residents of Cass County gained a court injunction in an effort to prevent the funding of these bonds, but by legal maneuvering and collusion, the company gained a new set of bonds, issued secretly. The populace was outraged, believing this maneuver

3036-445: The county have a penchant for advancing populist causes. In 2018, Missourians voted on a proposition (Proposition A) concerning right to work , the outcome of which ultimately reversed the right to work legislation passed in the state the previous year. 66.33% of Cass County voters cast their ballots to overturn the law. The 2020 presidential primaries for both the Democratic and Republican parties were held in Missouri on March 10. On

3105-432: The county was 95.62% White , 1.42% Black or African American , 0.58% Native American , 0.48% Asian , 0.04% Pacific Islander , 0.50% from other races , and 1.35% from two or more races. Approximately 2.21% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. There were 30,168 households, out of which 38.10% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 63.60% were married couples living together, 9.10% had

3174-607: The extradition of William Walker to the United States. Cass attempted to buy more land from Mexico , but faced opposition from both Mexico and congressional leaders. He also negotiated a final settlement to the Clayton–Bulwer Treaty , limiting U.S. and British control of Latin American countries. The chiefs of Raiatea and Tahaa in the South Pacific, refusing to accept the rule of King Tamatoa V , unsuccessfully petitioned

3243-516: The final four months of Buchanan's administration. As expected, the aged Cass largely delegated major decision-making to subordinates, but eagerly signed his name on papers and dispatches penned by them. While sympathetic to American filibusters in Central America, he was instrumental in having Commodore Hiram Paulding removed from command for his landing of Marines in Nicaragua and compelling

3312-486: The issuance of bonds, three men involved in the swindle were shot and killed by a mob on April 24, 1872, when their train was stopped on a Katy railroad spur. This became known as the " Gunn City Massacre" because it took place near that city. In 1857 Cass County had approved a large stock subscription for the Pacific Railroad Company, to support its construction in the area. This corporation later surrendered

3381-473: The presidency. Lewis Cass Born in Exeter, New Hampshire , he attended Phillips Exeter Academy before establishing a legal practice in Zanesville, Ohio . After serving in the Ohio House of Representatives , he was appointed as a U.S. Marshal . Cass also joined the Freemasons and would eventually co-found the Grand Lodge of Michigan . He fought at the Battle of the Thames in the War of 1812 and

3450-502: The presidential nomination at the 1844 Democratic National Convention ; a deadlock between supporters of Cass and former President Martin Van Buren ended with the nomination of James K. Polk . In 1845, the Michigan Legislature elected Cass to the Senate, where he served until 1848. Cass's nomination at the 1848 Democratic National Convention precipitated a split in the party, as Cass's advocacy for popular sovereignty alienated

3519-452: The rest of the state of Missouri, is represented in the U.S. Senate by Josh Hawley (R- Columbia ) and Roy Blunt (R- Strafford ). Blunt was elected to a second term in 2016 over then-Missouri Secretary of State Jason Kander . Cass County was, up to World War II , solidly Democratic rooted in its strong secessionist sympathies during the Civil War . However, since 1952 it has become

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3588-638: The river. The Cass expedition erroneously identified what became known as Cass Lake as the Mississippi's source. It was not until 1832 that Henry Rowe Schoolcraft , the Cass expedition's geologist, identified nearby Lake Itasca as the headwater of the Mississippi. Though the Northwest Ordinance of 1787 prohibited slavery in the Northwest Territory , which included what later became Michigan Territory,

3657-465: The same year, the first court met for the county, known as Van Buren County. Justices James McClellan and William Savage met in McClellan's residence about three miles (4.8 km) southeast of Peculiar on September 14, 1835. William Lyon was appointed clerk of the court and county government was organized, including the establishment of Grand River Township. In the spring of 1837 the town of Harrisonville

3726-524: The territory. In 1817, Cass was one of the two commissioners (along with Duncan McArthur ), who negotiated the Treaty of Fort Meigs , which was signed on September 29 with several Native American tribes of the region, under which they ceded large amounts of territory to the United States. This helped open up areas of Michigan to settlement by Euro-Americans. That same year, Cass was named to serve as Secretary of War under President James Monroe , but he declined

3795-421: The town was $ 28,333, and the median income for a family was $ 27,500. Males had a median income of $ 31,250 versus $ 11,875 for females. The per capita income for the town was $ 11,144. There were 18.8% of families and 22.2% of the population living below the poverty line , including 30.0% of under eighteens and none of those over 64. Cass County, Missouri Associate Commissioner Monty Kisner Cass County

3864-409: The village was 100.00% White . There were 32 households, out of which 43.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 65.6% were married couples living together, 12.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 21.9% were non-families. 15.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 6.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size

3933-712: Was Joseph Spencer , a Continental Congressman who was a major general in the Continental Army . Lewis and Elizabeth were the parents of seven children, five of whom lived past infancy: Cass died on June 17, 1866, in Detroit , Michigan . He is buried in Elmwood Cemetery in Detroit. Through his daughter Mary, he was the great-grandfather of Cass Canfield (longtime president and chairman of Harper & Brothers , later Harper & Row ). Through his daughter Matilda, he

4002-399: Was 1,475.0 inhabitants per square mile (569.5/km). There were 36 housing units at an average density of 450.0 per square mile (173.7/km). The racial makeup of the village was 89.8% White , 0.8% African American , 0.8% Pacific Islander , and 8.5% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.8% of the population. There were 34 households, of which 50.0% had children under

4071-408: Was 2.66 and the average family size was 3.00. In the town the population was spread out, with 32.9% under the age of 18, 2.4% from 18 to 24, 35.3% from 25 to 44, 17.6% from 45 to 64, and 11.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 30 years. For every 100 females, there were 117.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 103.6 males. The median income for a household in

4140-413: Was 36 years. For every 100 females there were 95.90 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 92.90 males. The median income for a household in the county was $ 49,562, and the median income for a family was $ 55,258. Males had a median income of $ 39,001 versus $ 26,174 for females. The per capita income for the county was $ 21,073. About 4.20% of families and 5.80% of the population were below

4209-508: Was James Lackey in 1830. Other early settlers were Humphrey Hunt, John Blythe, and Dr. Joseph Hudspeth. Lackey was considered a "squatter," as he built a cabin and enclosed a small field on the tract of public land taken to establish the county seat. The site of the town was fixed under an act of the Missouri General Assembly in 1835, by David Waldo of Lafayette County and Samuel Hink and William Brown, both of Jackson County . In

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4278-476: Was admitted as Charter member of the Lodge of Amity 105 (later No.5), Zanesville. He served as the first Worshipful Master of the Lodge of Amity in 1806. Cass was one of the founders of the Grand Lodge of Ohio , representing the Lodge of Amity at the first meeting on January 4, 1808. He was elected Deputy Grand Master on January 5, 1809, and Grand Master on January 3, 1810, January 8, 1811, and January 8, 1812. After

4347-556: Was appointed to govern Michigan Territory in 1813. He negotiated treaties with American tribes to open land for American settlement as part of the belief in the 19th century phrase " manifest destiny " at the time, and led a survey expedition into the northwest part of the territory. Cass resigned as governor in 1831 to accept appointment as Secretary of War under Andrew Jackson. As Secretary of War, he helped implement Jackson's policy of Indian removal . After serving as ambassador to France from 1836 to 1842, he unsuccessfully sought

4416-471: Was appointed town commissioner on April 8, 1837. The first town lots were sold on June 12 of that year; those facing the public square sold at $ 20 each, the others at $ 10. "Democrat" was strongly urged as a name for the new town but was finally rejected. The town was named after U.S. Representative Albert G. Harrison from Missouri. The first house within the town was erected by Jason L. Dickey in 1836. The first jail in Harrisonville and second for Cass County

4485-529: Was convicted. At the time of the shootings, a related mob burned a Republican newspaper owned by Porter J. Coston, in Harrisonville, Missouri. By 1860, the year before the Civil War, 12 cities in Missouri had populations of approximately 2,500 or more. Harrisonville ranked 37th, with a population of 675. In 1863 the town was depopulated , as the United States forces pushed the people out in an effort to reduce any local support for insurgent guerrilla activity in

4554-444: Was established in 1838. Its site was 312 S. Independence. One of its successors is recognized among the state's historic sites. On October 8, 1835, the first church in Harrisonville was organized. Its site was two miles southwest of town and it was known as Hopewell or New Hope Baptist. Harrisonville eventually was served by railroad lines known as the Missouri Pacific and the Frisco. After a scandal in funding railroad construction by

4623-446: Was intended to benefit the holders of the now worthless bonds, by re-obligating the county to pay those same bonds. The county attorney, a judge of the county court, and a third man involved in the scandal were shot and killed while on a train stopped between Bryson, Missouri and Paola, Kansas . (It was in or near what is now known as Gunn City ). Afterward some 41 men were arrested as suspects and prosecuted for these killings, but none

4692-637: Was platted by Enoch Rice, Francis Prine and Welcome Scott, who had been appointed commissioners by the state legislature in the winter of 1836. These commissioners, in company with Martin Rice, the county surveyor, met at the home of John Cook on April 3, 1837, to resolve Lackey's preemption claim. In May they laid off the town in lots 3, 4, 5 and 6 of the northeast and northwest quarters of Section 4, Township 44N., Range 31W. Within these 160 acres (0.65 km ) there were to be four streets: Wall and Pearl running east to west, and Lexington and Independence going north and south, each less than 40 feet wide. Fleming Harris

4761-416: Was retiring from the Senate, but not eager to leave Washington and return home to Michigan, immediately accepted. Taking the position, Cass promised to refrain from making anti-British remarks in public (having served in the War of 1812, Cass had a low opinion of London). Most assumed Cass was a temporary Secretary of State until a younger, more fit man could be found, however, he ultimately served for all but

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