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88-512: Gundelfingen is one of the larger municipalities in the Breisgau-Hochschwarzwald district. It consists of the old place Gundelfingen and the village Wildtal, which was included in the municipality in the 1970s. Gundelfingen was founded in the 4th century, so at least the suffix "-ingen" suggests. The name means that some Alamannic chief by the name of Gundolf settled there with his folk. The first sure sign of Gundelfingen's existence

176-432: A Gothic edifice. In 1218, when Bertold V died, then Egino V von Urach, the count of Urach assumed the title of Freiburg's count as Egino I von Freiburg. The city council did not trust the new nobles and wrote down its established rights in a document. At the end of the thirteenth century there was a feud between the citizens of Freiburg and their lord, Count Egino II of Freiburg. Egino II raised taxes and sought to limit

264-752: A German Language and Area Studies program where visiting students get to take classes at the University of Freiburg . The DFG / LFA Freiburg , a French-German high school established by the 1963 Élysée Treaty , is in the city. UWC Robert Bosch College is among the newest members of the United World Colleges (UWC) movement, one of its eighteen colleges around the world, having started accepting students in September 2014. Christianity Freiburg belonged to Austria until 1805 and remained Catholic, although surrounding villages like Haslach , Opfingen, Tiengen, and

352-604: A balance between city traditions and old Roman Law . The reforms were well received, especially the sections dealing with civil process law, punishment, and the city's constitution. In 1520, Freiburg decided not to take part in the Reformation and became an important centre for Catholicism on the Upper Rhine . Erasmus moved here after Basel accepted the Reformation. In 1536, a strong and persistent belief in witchcraft led to

440-656: A city of over 100,000 people. The current mayor of Freiburg is Martin Horn since 2018. He was previously a member of the Social Democratic Party (SPD) but left before running for mayor. In the election, he was supported by the SPD and the Free Democratic Party (FDP). The most recent mayoral election was held on 22 April 2018, with a runoff held on 6 May, and the results were as follows: The Freiburg city council governs

528-457: A distance. A large part of the mountainous area in the east of Gundelfingen was classified as a protected area of Baden-Württemberg under the name "Landschaftsschutzgebiet Gundelfingen-Wildtal-Heuweiler". Heuweiler is a neighboring village which is associated with Gundelfingen for administrative purposes. A church was mentioned in Gundelfingen for the first time in 1275. However, only since

616-683: A free Lutheran church, is situated in Freiburg. There are multiple other free Protestant churches: e.g., the Calvary Chapel or Chrischona International. An old congregation has existed in Freiburg since the late 1900s, which utilises the old monastery church of the Ursulines in the black monastery at the border of the old city center. The Catholic Church of St. Maria Schutz has been made available for Masses by Greek, Serbian, Russian and Rumanian Orthodox congregations. Judaism Jews are said to have lived in

704-533: A large portion of the city centre, with the notable exception of the Münster , which was only lightly damaged. After the war, the city was rebuilt on its medieval plan. On 22 October 1940, the Nazi Gauleiter of Baden, Robert Heinrich Wagner , ordered the deportation of all of Baden's and 350 of Freiburg's Jewish population. They were deported to Camp Gurs in the south of France, where many died. On 18 July 1942,

792-469: A meeting place. To the east of the city centre, the Schlossberg hill provides extensive views over the city and surrounding region. The castle (Schloss) from which the hill takes its name was demolished in the 1740s, and only ruins remain. Schlossberg retained its importance to the city, however, and 150 years ago the city leaders opened up walks and views to make the mountain available to the public. Today,

880-464: Is 3.6 kilometres (2.2 mi) long, runs from Günterstal up to a nearby mountain called Schauinsland . The city has an unusual system of gutters (called Freiburg Bächle ) that run throughout its centre. These Bächle , once used to provide water to fight fires and feed livestock, are constantly flowing with water diverted from the Dreisam . They were never intended to be used for sewage, and even in

968-404: Is 42 kilometres (26 mi) to the south. The city is situated in the major wine-growing region of Baden and, together with Offenburg , serves as a tourist entry-point to the scenic Black Forest . According to meteorological statistics, Freiburg held the all-time German temperature record of 40.2 °C (104.4 °F) from 2003 to 2015. An old university town and archiepiscopal seat, it

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1056-430: Is a Landkreis (district) in the southwest of Baden-Württemberg , Germany . Fifty towns and municipalities with 133 settlements lie within the district. The district itself belongs to the region of Freiburg with the region of Southern Upper Rhine . The municipal offices are in the city of Freiburg im Breisgau which is almost entirely surrounded by Breisgau-Hochschwarzwald, but is independent of it. In addition,

1144-567: Is a stream having its source on the Roßkopf and the Reutebacher Höfe are remote farmhouses on this mountain which are connected by a road, the Pochgasse , to Freiburg 's suburb Zähringen. The area where they are located has the same name as the stream and is also called Reutebach. It was an enclave of Gundelfingen until the expansion of its boundaries by the incorporation of Wildtal. Once Reutebach

1232-543: Is at the same time the Mayor of the neighboring village Heuweiler which is associated for administrative purposes. On the territory that belongs to the municipality of Gundelfingen you can, inter alia, find the following: Since 1993 storks are nesting again in Gundelfingen. Their nest is on the steeple of the Protestant church at the corner of the streets Kirchstraße and Kirchenwinkel . The "Luthereiche" ( Luther 's oak) which

1320-762: Is bypassing Gundelfingen in the West. The region has a well-developed road network: Bundesstraße (federal highway) B 3 (from Buxtehude in the Hamburg Metropolitan Region in Northern Germany to Weil am Rhein on the Swiss border) which once crossed Gundelfingen is now bypassing it so as to tackle traffic congestion. Nevertheless, on its former course through Gundelfingen it is still called Alte (old) Bundesstraße and remains its main street connecting it with Freiburg . Bundesstraße B 294 (from Freudenstadt in

1408-572: Is classified as ( Upper Rhenish ) Low Alemannic , and therefore most closely related to the other dialects of Baden north of Markgräflerland and south of Karlsruhe , to most dialects historically spoken in Alsace ( Alsatian ), and to Basel German . Freiburg was founded by Konrad and Duke Berthold III of the House of Zähringen in 1120 as a free market town; hence its name, which translates to "free (or independent) town". Frei means "free", and Burg , like

1496-418: Is decorated with statues and the coat of arms of four Habsburg emperors. The Altes Rathaus , or old city hall, was completed in 1559 and has a painted façade. The Platz der alten Synagoge "Old Synagogue Square" is one of the more important squares on the outskirts of the historic old city. The square was the location of a synagogue until it was destroyed on Kristallnacht in 1938. Zum Roten Bären ,

1584-458: Is found in a 1008 treaty, where a place called Gondalvingen is named. In 1327, Gundelfingen was sold by Counts Konrad and Friedrich of Freiburg to Schnewelin Bernlapp. In 1507, his successor Balthasar von Blumeneck sold Gundelfingen again, this time to Margrave Christopher I of Baden . Since then it was part of Baden . In the 16th century, some 350 inhabitants lived in Gundelfingen. In 1825 it

1672-678: Is located directly on the Loire approximately 19 miles from Orléans . Ten years later, in 1997, followed the Polish town Bieruń (German Berun) with approximately 20,000 inhabitants, 12 miles south of Katowice in Upper Silesia . Since 1997 a partnership has been maintained with the Saxon village Scheibenberg which has almost 2,400 residents. Breisgau-Hochschwarzwald Breisgau-Hochschwarzwald ( French : Arrondissement de Brisgau-Haute-Forêt-Noire )

1760-550: Is located on the Rhine Valley Railway Line Karlsruhe - Basel and the trains of two regional train operators are stopping at its train station: DB Regio and Breisgau S-Bahn (the latter operating the line branching off to Elzach ). In Gundelfingen there are two official carnival clubs: The first twinning arrangement was concluded in 1987 with the French town Meung-sur-Loire which has 6800 inhabitants and

1848-492: Is operated by Binninger. Near the border to Freiburg is the new terminal Station oft the tramline 2. In the morning and in the afternoon, line 5 is driving to the station, which name is "Gundelfinger Straße" (Street of Gundelfingen), too. The Station is also the terminal station of the buslines 13, 15, 16, 22 (Bissier Street), 24, 25 ( Hugstetten railway station), 201, 7203 ( Denzlingen ) and 1076 ( Colmar in France). Gundelfingen

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1936-533: Is the name of both the village pertaining to Gundelfingen and the valley. The most important stream of this valley and of Gundelfingen is the Schobbach . In Wildtal, at the corner of the streets Heuweilerweg and Talstraße , you see the "Dorfbrunnen" (village well). The "Talstraße" ( dale street) leads you right through the whole "Wildtal" valley. At the end of the valley you come to the "Wildtalereck", 1496 ft above sea level, from where there are views towards

2024-399: Is the site of Freiburg's Münster , a gothic minster cathedral constructed of red sandstone, built between 1200 and 1530 and noted for its towering spire. The Historical Merchants' Hall ( Historisches Kaufhaus ), is a Late Gothic building on the south side of Freiburg's Münsterplatz . Built between 1520 and 1530, it was once the center of the financial life of the region. Its façade

2112-563: Is there a 3-kilometre-long boundary with the municipality of Vörstetten and the district of Emmendingen . The neighbouring counties are Emmendingen , Schwarzwald-Baar , Waldshut , Lörrach and the French départements of the Haut-Rhin and the Bas-Rhin . The independent city of Freiburg is surrounded by the district. The district is named after the Breisgau , a historical territory, and

2200-466: Is traversed by an extensive system of runnels called Bächle ( lit. small streams ), that are fed with water from the Dreisam and run on the side and sometimes in the middle of almost all streets and alleys, giving the city a unique touch. Freiburg has a high standard of living , and is known for its advanced environmental practices, which is embodied by projects like the creation of the sustainable district of Vauban . The dialect spoken in Freiburg

2288-609: The Breisgau ; mostly called simply Freiburg ) is the fourth-largest city of the German state of Baden-Württemberg after Stuttgart , Mannheim and Karlsruhe . Its built-up area has a population of about 355,000 (2021), while the greater Freiburg metropolitan area ("Einzugsgebiet") has about 660,000 (2018). Freiburg is located in Baden , at the southwestern foothills of the Black Forest , on

2376-522: The Alsatian Plain in France . Walking towards the east you will reach the "Martinsfelsen" (Martin's rock), 2250 ft above sea level, offering a good view of the northern Breisgau . In 2003, four wind turbines were built. One of these four wind turbines is standing on the section of the mountain which belongs to Gundelfingen. Due to these wind turbines the Roßkopf is now easily recognizable from

2464-545: The Augustiner Museum in 1921, it is now a popular social space for Freiburg's younger residents. It has a number of restaurants and bars, including the local brewery 'Feierling', which has a Biergarten . On warm summer nights, hundreds of students gather here. At the centre of the old city is the Münsterplatz or Cathedral Square, Freiburg's largest square . A farmers' market is held here every day except Sundays. This

2552-747: The Catholic University of Applied Sciences Freiburg , the International University of Cooperative Education IUCE, three Max Planck institutes , five Fraunhofer institutes , and one Leibniz institute . The city is home to the IES Abroad European Union program, which allows students to study the development and activities of the EU . This is in addition to an Environmental Science and Sustainability program focused on Freiburg's famed green lifestyle and infrastructure. IES Abroad also offers

2640-733: The Dreisam River, a tributary of the Elz . It is Germany's southwestern- and southernmost city with a population exceeding 100,000. It lies in the Breisgau , one of Germany's warmest regions, in the south of the Upper Rhine Plain . Its city limits reach from the Schauinsland summit (1,284 metres (4,213 ft)) in the Black Forest to 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) east of the French border, while Switzerland

2728-754: The High Black Forest ( Hochschwarzwald ). The climate in Breisgau-Hochschwarzwald is very varied. Between Ihringen , the place with the highest annual average temperature in Germany, and the summit of the Feldberg, both the warmest and the coldest places in Baden-Württemberg lie in Breisgau-Hochschwarzwald. Climatically, the district is one of the warmest regions in Germany: its mean annual temperature in

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2816-552: The North Sea regions, and the Rhine and Danube rivers. In 1200, Freiburg's population numbered approximately 6,000 people. At about that time, under the rule of Bertold V , the last duke of Zähringen, the city began construction of its Freiburg Minster cathedral on the site of an older parish church. Begun in the Romanesque style, it was continued and completed 1513 for the most part as

2904-518: The Northern Black Forest to Freiburg ) is also closely bypassing Gundelfingen and connecting it with Autobahn (motorway) A 5 (from three-leg motorway interchange Hattenbacher Dreieck near Bad Hersfeld in northeastern Hesse to Basel in Switzerland ). Moreover, there are local roads to the neighboring villages Heuweiler and Vörstetten . Gundelfingen is served by feeder buses to

2992-711: The Schlossbergbahn funicular railway connects the city centre to the hill. Other museums in the city include the Archaeology Colombischlössle Museum . Freiburg is bordered by the Black Forest mountains Rosskopf and Bromberg to the east, Schönberg and Tuniberg to the south, with the Kaiserstuhl hill region to the west. The Köppen climate classification classifies Freiburg's climate as temperate oceanic climate ( Köppen : Cfb ; Trewartha : Dobk ). Thus, July and August are, along with Karlsruhe ,

3080-509: The plague had not yet broken out in the city, Jews were accused of having spread it and taken into custody. All Jews except pregnant women were burned alive on 31 January 1349. The remaining children were forced to be baptised. This pogrom left Jews very hesitant to resettle in the city. In 1401, the city council decreed a regulation banning all Jews from Freiburg (orig. Middle High German dialect: “daz dekein Jude ze Friburg niemmerme sin sol” [27]. This

3168-509: The protestant reformation will be celebrated. Such an oak has the function of a monument commemorating the reformation . The very first oak with that purpose was planted in Wittenberg on the same spot where Luther had publicly burned the papal bull . This pond is located in a small park in the middle of the residential area Am See (at the lake) to the east of the train station. Mallards as well as goldfish are living there. Further to

3256-670: The tram network operated by Freiburger Verkehrs AG , OVS Schumacher, Rast Reisen and Binninger. Lines: 15 (Wildtal, "Berggasse" in Freiburg ), 16 (industrial area oft Gundelfingen, railway station), 13 ("Blumenstraße" and the industrial area of Gundelfingen) and 24 (to the West of Freiburg through the industrial area Industriegebiet Freiburg Nord ). Buses to the hinterland are operated by SüdbadenBus, but practically all are bypassing Gundelfingen and you have to change in Freiburg . In addition, bus line 201 from Freiburg to Vörstetten and further on to Reute and Nimburg (Teningen-Nimburg) which

3344-475: The Baden-Württemberg State Office of Statistics (only main residences). The economy is based on tourism , wine , and forestry . Politically, the majority of the district parliament ( Kreistag ) is traditionally conservative ( CDU ), with higher levels of conservative votes the farther the distance from Freiburg (which has a green - red majority). The left half of the coat of arms show

3432-503: The Bishop of Strasbourg to death on 29 July 1299. It was a Pyrrhic victory , since henceforth the citizens of Freiburg had to pay an annual expiation of 300 marks in silver to the count of Freiburg until 1368. In 1366 the counts of Freiburg made another failed attempt to occupy the city during a night raid. Eventually the citizens were fed up with their lords, and in 1368 Freiburg purchased its independence from them. The city turned itself over to

3520-585: The City Mayors Foundation. Politically, it is a longtime stronghold of the Alliance 90/The Greens , who have seen consistent success since the 1990s and have been the largest party on the city council since 2004. For many years, they performed more strongly in Freiburg than any other major city: former mayor Dieter Salomon , who served from 2002 to 2018, was the first member of the Greens to hold such an office in

3608-453: The East, in the forest just above the streets Sonnhalde and Jägerpfad , there is a very interesting birding trail with more than 40 nest boxes where numerous species of birds are breeding. Furthermore, a large number of birds which do not have their nests in cavities can be observed there as well. The hill to the south of this area and the north of the street Am Rebberg , itself to the north of

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3696-566: The Habsburg territories in the southwest of Germany. In 1805, the city, together with the Breisgau and Ortenau areas, became part of Baden . In 1827, when the Archdiocese of Freiburg was founded, Freiburg became the seat of a Catholic archbishop. Freiburg was heavily bombed during World War II . In May 1940 , aircraft of the Luftwaffe mistakenly dropped approximately 60 bombs on Freiburg near

3784-470: The Middle Ages such use could lead to harsh penalties. During the summer, the running water provides natural cooling of the air, and offers a pleasant gurgling sound. It is said that if one accidentally falls or steps into a Bächle , they will marry a Freiburger, or 'Bobbele'. The Augustinerplatz is one of the central squares in the old city. Formerly the location of an Augustinian monastery that became

3872-566: The Rhine valley is 11 °C (52 °F), its average rainfall is approximately 900 mm (35 in), and it has about 1,800 hours of sunshine annually. Moreover, the highest temperature ever measured in Germany , 40.2 °C (104.4 °F), was recorded on 13 August 2003 in the municipality of March . March shares this record with Gärmersdorf near Amberg , Freiburg and Karlsruhe . The County of Breisgau ( Grafschaft Breisgau ) and County of Baar ( Grafschaft Baar ) were formed on

3960-531: The Roßkopf such as the Roßkopfturm . From Zähringen castle you walk through the mountain forest to a spot called "Rottecksruhe" (Rotteck's rest), 1935 ft above sea level. Once there stood a farmhouse owned by Karl von Rotteck . In its place there is now a small hut where you can rest. The mountain on which you are walking is called Roßkopf (horsehead). It rises to 2418 ft above sea level. Just north of

4048-705: The Younger and Gregorius Sickinger . In 1805, with the attack of Breisgau on the Grand Duchy of Baden by a Catholic ruler, many Protestants moved into the city. Since 2007, any Protestants who are not part of a 'free church' belong to the newly founded deanery of Freiburg as part of the parish of Südbaden which in itself is a part of the Landeskirche Baden. The seat of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in Baden ,

4136-522: The beginning of the Thirty Years' War in 1618, its population numbered between 10,000 to 14,000; when it ended in 1648, only 2,000 remained. In August 1644, it was the site of the Battle of Freiburg , said to be the bloodiest battle of the war in terms of percentage of casualties. Between 1648 and 1805, when the city was not under French occupation it was the administrative headquarters of Further Austria ,

4224-412: The borders of the former province of Baden and the former Margraviate of Hohenzollern. The cathedral, in which the bishop resides, is Freiburg Minster . Also, part of the ecclesiastical province of Freiburg are the suffragan dioceses of Mainz and Rottenburg-Stuttgart . Until 1929, the dioceses of Limburg and Fulda also belonged to this ecclesiastical province. The Archbishop of Freiburg holds

4312-513: The church of Reutebach were discovered under the parking lot in the Harbuckweg (which branches off from the Pochgasse ) in the forest of Zähringen just across the bridge over the Reutebach. In the past the villages Zähringen, Wildtal, and Gundelfingen belonged to the former parish of Reutebach. The aforementioned parking lot is also a trailhead for walks to the Reutebacher Höfe and other spots on

4400-570: The citizens' freedom, after which the Freiburgers used catapults to destroy the count's castle atop the Schloßberg , a hill that overlooks the city center. The furious count called on his brother-in-law the Prince-Bishopric of Strasbourg , Conrad of Lichtenberg , for help. The bishop responded by marching with his army to Freiburg. According to an old Freiburg legend, a butcher named Hauri stabbed

4488-438: The city alongside the Mayor. The most recent city council election was held on 9 June 2024, and the results were as follows: Freiburg is a center of academia and research, in which numerous intellectual figures and Nobel Laureates have lived, worked, and taught. The city houses one of the oldest and most renowned of German universities, the Albert Ludwig University of Freiburg , as well as its medical center . Home to some of

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4576-525: The city before 1230, but it was only after 1230 that they supposedly founded an official community in the Webergasse (a small street within the town center). The counts of Freiburg bought the lucrative Schutzjude , which means that all personal information on Jews living in Freiburg was directly sent to Konrad II and his co-reigning son Friedrich. The two issued a comprising letter promising safety and liberty to all local Jews on 12 October 1338. It lost all value shortly after, however, on 1 January 1349. Although

4664-416: The city's first witch-hunt . The need to find a scapegoat for calamities such as the Black Plague , which claimed 2,000 area residents (25% of the city population) in 1564, led to an escalation in witch-hunting that reached its peak in 1599. A plaque on the old city wall marks the spot where burnings were carried out. The seventeenth, eighteenth, and nineteenth centuries were turbulent times for Freiburg. At

4752-652: The colors of Austria , and the right side the colors of Baden , as parts of the District belonged to both states at various times. In the middle, the coat of arms shows an eagle , taken from the coat of arms of the Princes of Fürstenberg . The coat of arms was granted in 1974, and it is very similar to the coat of arms of the previous Freiburg district. 47°57′N 7°51′E  /  47.95°N 7.85°E  / 47.95; 7.85 Freiburg Freiburg im Breisgau ( German: [ˈfʁaɪbʊʁk ʔɪm ˈbʁaɪsɡaʊ] ; Alemannic : Friburg im Brisgau ; French : Fribourg-en-Brisgau ; lit. Freecastle in

4840-421: The council has three satellite offices in Müllheim , Titisee-Neustadt and Breisach am Rhein . Breisgau-Hochschwarzwald covers areas which are very different in scenic character: in the Upper Rhine Plain are the Markgräflerland and its foothill zone , which is continued north of the Breisgau with the hills of Kaiserstuhl , the Tuniberg and the Nimberg . Within the district, the Black Forest covers

4928-405: The dawn of the Renaissance was a time of both advances and tragedy for Freiburg. In 1457, Albrecht VI , Regent of Further Austria , established Albert-Ludwigs-Universität , one of Germany's oldest universities. In 1498, Emperor Maximilian I held a Reichstag in Freiburg. In 1520, the city ratified a set of legal reforms, widely considered the most progressive of the time. The aim was to find

5016-399: The following extreme values: Freiburg is known as an "eco-city". In June 1995, the Freiburg city council adopted a resolution that it would permit construction only of " low-energy buildings " on municipal land, and all new buildings must comply with certain low energy specifications. The neighbourhoods of Vauban and Rieselfeld were developed and built in the late 1990s in accordance with

5104-404: The former rural districts of Freiburg , Müllheim and Hochschwarzwald (with its head office in Neustadt in the Black Forest). In addition, the municipality of Unadingen from the district of Donaueschingen was incorporated. Other municipalities were integrated into the city of Freiburg. The southern part of the district of Müllheim went to Lörrach and some municipalities were transferred from

5192-429: The greatest minds of the West , including such eminent figures as Johann Eck , Max Weber , Edmund Husserl , Martin Heidegger , and Friedrich Hayek , it is one of Europe's top research and teaching institutions. Freiburg also plays host to various other educational and research institutes, such as the Freiburg University of Education, the Protestant University for Applied Sciences Freiburg , Freiburg Music Academy ,

5280-460: The hands of the House of Habsburg (see Anterior Austria ). The Swabian princes of Fürstenberg dominated the Baar, while the area south of Freiburg, the Markgräflerland , ended up with the margraves of Baden . In 1805/06, after the end of the Napoleonic wars , the region became part of the Grand Duchy of Baden . The district of Breisgau-Hochschwarzwald was established as part of the district reform of Baden-Württemberg on 1 Jan 1973, mainly from

5368-423: The households in this small community. Because of its scenic beauty, relatively warm and sunny climate, and easy access to the Black Forest , Freiburg is a hub for regional tourism . In 2010, Freiburg was voted as the Academy of Urbanism's European City of the Year in recognition of the exemplary sustainable urbanism it has implemented over the past several decades. The longest cable car run in Germany, which

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5456-421: The implementation of the Reformation in the Margraviate of Baden in 1556 Gundelfingen had its own (from then on protestant ) minister. The Baptists established themselves in Gundelfingen in 1877. The Catholic parish church Brother Klaus was built in 1975. There is even a Russian orthodox chapel in an isolated location in the Roßwinkel which is cut off by Bundesstraße (federal highway) B 3 which

5544-401: The modern English word " borough ", was used in those days for an incorporated city or town, usually one with some degree of autonomy. The German word Burg also means "a fortified town", as in Hamburg . Thus, it is likely that the name of this place means a "fortified town of free citizens". This town was strategically located at a junction of trade routes between the Mediterranean Sea and

5632-456: The old district of Hochschwarzwald to Waldshut . Later, more municipalities were incorporated into the city of Freiburg: Munzingen on 1 July 1973, Hochdorf on 1 September 1973 and Ebnet and Kappel on 1 July 1974. On 1 September 1973, the municipality of Schönenbach, which belonged to the district of Waldshut, was added. On 1 January 1974 Kiechlinsbergen was ceded to Emmendingen. On 1 April 1974 Leiselheim followed. On 18 March 1975 Grünwald

5720-412: The oldest hotel in Germany, is located along Oberlinden near the Swabian Gate. The Siegesdenkmal , or victory monument, is a monument to the German victory in the Franco-Prussian War in 1871. It is situated at the northern edge of the historic city center of Freiburg and was built by Karl Friedrich Moest . In everyday language of people living in Freiburg, it serves as an orientation marker or as

5808-437: The original building and the Jewish community which perished. The pavements of Freiburg carry memorials to individual victims, in the form of brass plates outside their former residences. There was a camp for Sinti and Romani people (see Romani Holocaust ) in the city. It was occupied by the French Army on 21 April 1945, and Freiburg was soon allotted to the French Zone of Occupation . In December 1945 Freiburg became

5896-421: The principles of sustainability . The city is also home to a branch of the Federal Office for Radiation Protection , as well as solar industry and research. The citizens of Freiburg are known in Germany for their love of cycling and recycling . Freiburg is host to a number of international organisations , in particular, ICLEI – Local Governments for Sustainability, International Solar Energy Society , and

5984-441: The protection of the Habsburgs , who allowed the city to retain a large measure of freedom. Most of the nobles of the city died in the battle of Sempach (1386). The patrician family Schnewlin took control of the city until the guildsmen revolted. The guilds became more powerful than the patricians by 1389. The silver mines in Mount Schauinsland provided an important source of capital for Freiburg. This silver made Freiburg one of

6072-482: The railway station, killing 57 people, most of them civilians and including 22 children. This was reported by the official German news agency as an attack by the Western Allies, and retaliation against them was threatened. The Freiburg police commander subsequently established that the bombs were German, but the full story was not published until many years later. On 27 November 1944, a raid by more than 300 bombers of RAF Bomber Command ( Operation Tigerfish ) destroyed

6160-415: The remaining Baden and Freiburg Jews were transferred to Auschwitz in German-occupied Poland , where almost all were murdered. A living memorial has been created in the form of the 'footprint' in marble on the site of the city's original synagogue , which was burned down on 9 November 1938, during the pogrom known as Kristallnacht . The memorial is a fountain and contains a bronze plaque commemorating

6248-428: The richest cities in Europe, and in 1327 Freiburg minted its own coin, the Rappenpfennig . In 1377 the cities of Freiburg, Basel , Colmar , and Breisach entered into a monetary alliance known as the Genossenschaft des Rappenpfennigs (Rappenpfennig Collective). This alliance facilitated commerce among the cities and lasted until the end of the sixteenth century. There were 8,000–9,000 people living in Freiburg between

6336-426: The road connecting Gundelfingen and Wildtal, is called "Rebberg" which is the German word for vineyard , because on its slope grapes are cultivated for winemaking . The varietals cultivated here are primarily for red and white Burgundy . Further to the northeast there is a low saddle called "Leheneck", 1060 ft above sea level, which has views towards the north (Heuweiler) and the south (Wildtal). Wildtal

6424-435: The seat of government for the German state of Baden , which was merged into Baden-Württemberg in 1952. The French Army maintained a presence in Freiburg until 1991, when the last French Army division left the city, and left Germany. On the site of the former French Army base, a new neighborhood for 5,000 people, Vauban , began in the late 1990s as a "sustainable model district". Solar power provides electricity to many of

6512-688: The side valleys opening onto the Rhine Plain - the Glottertal , the valley of the Dreisam , the Höllental and the Münstertal - the High Black Forest with its highest peak, the Feldberg (1493 m), and extends as far as the plateau of Baar . In the centre of Breisgau-Hochschwarzwald lies the territory of the city of Freiburg, which is almost entirely surrounded by Breisgau-Hochschwarzwald. Only on its northern side

6600-587: The summit of this mountain and next to a small hut, the "Roßkopfturm", a 115 ft high lattice tower is standing that was built in 1889 and offers a panoramic view of Freiburg , the surrounding mountains and the Upper Rhine Valley with the Tuniberg and the Kaiserstuhl , and, on some days, when the visibility is particularly good, you can even see the Vosges on the opposite side of the Upper Rhine Valley beyond

6688-646: The surrounding land ruled by the Margrave of Baden became Protestant as a result of the Reformation. The city was part of the Diocese of Konstanz until 1821. That same year, Freiburg became an episcopal see of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Freiburg . Due to a dispute between the government of Baden and the Holy See , the archbishop officially took office in 1827. The borders of the archdiocese correspond with

6776-677: The territory of the present district in the 8th century. Both counties belonged to the Duchy of Alemannia . The eastern part, the upper reaches of the Danube and Neckar , came under the Carolingian dominion of the Ahalolfings . Following the disintegration of the Frankish Empire in 843, the area became part of East Francia and part of it, from 920, the Duchy of Swabia . In 1368, the Breisgau went into

6864-471: The thirteenth and fourteenth centuries, and 30 churches and monasteries. At the end of the fourteenth century the veins of silver were dwindling, and by 1460 only approximately 6,000 people still lived within Freiburg's city walls . A university city, Freiburg evolved from its focus on mining to become a cultural centre for the arts and sciences. It was also a commercial center. The end of the Middle Ages and

6952-568: The title of metropolitan and the German headquarters of the link to Caritas Germany is in Freiburg. Saint George (the flag of Freiburg has the cross of George), Lambert of Maastricht and the catacomb saint, Alexander , are the patron saints of Freiburg. Many works of art depicting these saints are in the Freiburg Minster, on the Minster square, just as in the museums and archives of the city, including some by Hans Baldung Grien , Hans Holbein

7040-405: The warmest within Germany. Winters are moderate but usually with some frosts at night. More year-round rain occurs here than in the Rhine plateau. The city is close to the Kaiserstuhl , a range of hills of volcanic origin located a few kilometers away, which is one of the warmest places in Germany and therefore considered as a viticultural area. The Freiburg im Breisgau weather station has recorded

7128-656: The west. From the Talstraße the Waldbrunnerweg branches off towards the south. From around the farm called Waldbrunnerhof , 482 ft above sea level, one has a good view. The Waldbrunnerweg leads you to the castle. The shortest way is from the cemetery of Wildtal through the mountain forest to the spot where Zähringen castle stood. Its tower is still standing. There is a restaurant nearby where you can also drive by car from Freiburg 's suburb Zähringen. Reute means clearing , Bach stream , and Höfe yards . The Reutebach

7216-470: Was 620, in 1950 1,817. Only in the 1960s and 1970s the numbers started to expand quickly to 5,016 inhabitants in 1970 and 11,000 inhabitants in 2002. Wildtal was first named in a document in 1273 as Wülptal (whelp dale ) or Wolfstal (wolf's dale ). The present name just translates as "wild dale ". In 1972, Wildtal was included into the municipality of Gundelfingen, after three quarters of its citizens voted for this inclusion. The Mayor of Gundelfingen

7304-606: Was added from the district of Waldshut was added (moving from Bonndorf im Schwarzwald to Lenzkirch ). The three old districts were formed in 1939 from the Amtbezirke of the same name that had been established in the early nineteenth century when large numbers of them were formed as the area became part of Baden. In the course of the history the Amtsbezirke were changed several times, until in 1936 only those of Freiburg, Müllheim, Neustadt im Schwarzwald and Staufen were left. Staufen

7392-453: Was an independent village and even larger than either Gundelfingen, Wildtal or Zähringen. The reasons for the degradation were religious and political. Whereas Gundelfingen and Reutebach were Badish , Wildtal and Zähringen belonged to Further Austria . As a result of the reformation , Baden became protestant and hence Reutebach a religious enclave. Most of the territory that once constituted Reutebach now belongs to Zähringen. Leftovers of

7480-512: Was divided between Freiburg and Müllheim. The district of Neustadt, founded in 1939, was renamed Hochschwarzwald in 1956. Following the completion of the municipal form, the district of Breisgau-Hochschwarzwald comprised 50 municipalities, including ten towns. There are no large county towns. The largest town is Müllheim , the smallest municipality is Heuweiler . The most recent town is Bad Krozingen (from 1 September 2005). The population figures are based on censuses (1987) or official updates by

7568-572: Was incorporated in the early 12th century and soon became a commercial, intellectual and ecclesiastical center for the Upper Rhine region. The University of Freiburg ( Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg ), founded in 1457, is one of Germany's oldest universities. Freiburg's main landmark is the Freiburg Minster ( Freiburger Münster ), which was built between c. 1200 and 1513 and has been described as "Gothic architectural masterpiece". The old town

7656-494: Was officially reaffirmed by King Sigismund with a ban for life (orig. German: “Ewige Vertreibung”) in 1424. Not until 1809 were Jews again allowed permanent residence within the city. They subsequently founded a Jewish community in 1836. At the Kristallnacht in 1938, the synagogue, built in 1870, was set afire. Numerous shops and apartments of Jewish citizens of Freiburg were devastated and plundered by National Socialists without

7744-469: Was planted next to the protestant church in 1883 on the occasion of 400th birthday of the reformer Martin Luther was the first natural monument of Gundelfingen. A plaque commemorating it is on the outside wall of the church. The tree of a height of 50 ft was felled in 2011 because of dry rot . It is highly likely that a new oak will be planted in its place, perhaps in 2017 when the 500th anniversary of

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