Occitano-Romance :
41-1474: Guedes is a Galician–Portuguese surname. Notable people with the surname include: [REDACTED] Guedes Coat of Arms Alexandre Guedes (born 1994), Portuguese footballer Álvarez Guedes (1927–2013), Cuban comedian, actor, writer and businessman Baltasar Guedes de Sousa , Captain-major of Portuguese Ceylon Beto Guedes (born 1951), Brazilian singer-songwriter Christophe Guedes (born 1993), Swiss footballer Daniel Guedes (born 1994), Brazilian footballer Fátima Guedes (born 1958), Brazilian singer and composer Giulliano Gonçalves Guedes (born 1987), Brazilian footballer Gonçalo Guedes (born 1996), Portuguese footballer Hélder Guedes (born 1987), Portuguese footballer Joaquim Guedes (1932–2008), Brazilian architect and urban planner Marcelo Antônio Guedes Filho (born 1987), Brazilian footballer Manuel Guedes (born 1953), Portuguese footballer Miguel Guedes (born 1972), Portuguese musician Pancho Guedes (born 1925), Portuguese architect, sculptor, and painter Rita Guedes (born 1972), Brazilian actress Róger Guedes (born 1996), Brazilian footballer Sérgio Guedes (born 1962), Brazilian footballer and manager Paulo Guedes (born 1949), Brazilian economist and Finance Minister (2019-2023) Patrícia Christiane Guedes Bastos (born 1970), Brazilian singer-songwriter See also [ edit ] 19875 Guedes ,
82-453: A common language rather than two separate ones. The Fala language , spoken in a small region of the Spanish autonomous community of Extremadura , underwent a similar development to Galician. Today Galician is the regional language of Galicia (sharing co-officiality with Spanish), and it is spoken by the majority of its population, but with a large decline of use and efficient knowledge among
123-541: A common heritage considered in danger of extinction as the traditional way of living is replaced by modern life, and the jargon of fisherman, the names of tools in traditional crafts, and the oral traditions which form part of celebrations are slowly forgotten. A Galician–Portuguese "baixo-limiao" lect is spoken in several villages. In Galicia, it is spoken in Entrimo and Lobios and in northern Portugal in Terras de Bouro (lands of
164-548: A lexical, phonetic, morphological and syntactic similarity. Also part of the common heritage of oral traditions are the markets and festivals of patron saints and processions, religious celebrations such as the magosto, entroido or Corpus Christi , with ancient dances and tradition – like the one where Coca the dragon fights with Saint George ; and also traditional clothing and adornments, crafts and skills, work-tools, carved vegetable lanterns, superstitions, traditional knowledge about plants and animals. All these are part of
205-579: A main-belt asteroid Guedes Lupapa (born 1988), Angolan footballer [REDACTED] Surname list This page lists people with the surname Guedes . If an internal link intending to refer to a specific person led you to this page, you may wish to change that link by adding the person's given name (s) to the link. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Guedes&oldid=1252334623 " Categories : Surnames Portuguese-language surnames Hidden categories: Articles with short description Short description
246-557: A time but eventually merging in most dialects. See History of Portuguese for more information. As far as it is known, Galician–Portuguese (from 11th to 16th centuries) had a 7-oral-vowel system /a, e, ɛ, i, o, ɔ, u/ (like in most of Romance languages), reduced to 5 vowels [ã, ẽ, ĩ, õ, ũ] when nasalized in contact with syllable-final nasal consonants /n, ŋ, ɲ/ . The vowels /e – ɛ, o – ɔ/ were raised to /e, o/ in unstressed syllables, even in final syllables (like in modern Spanish); e.g. vento [ˈvẽnto] , quente [ˈkẽnte] . However,
287-533: A yearning as I must carry for my Lady in mine. There has been a sharing of folklore in the Galician–Portuguese region going back to prehistoric times. As the Galician–Portuguese language spread south with the Reconquista , supplanting Mozarabic, this ancient sharing of folklore intensified. In 2005, the governments of Portugal and Spain jointly proposed that Galician–Portuguese oral traditions be made part of
328-460: Is a sample of Galician-Portuguese lyric: Proençaes soen mui ben trobar e dizen eles que é con amor, mays os que troban no tempo da frol e non-en outro, sei eu ben que non an tan gran coita no seu coraçon qual m' eu por mha senhor vejo levar Provençal [poets] tend to compose very well and they say it is out of love, but those who compose when flowers bloom and at no other time, I know well that they don't have in their hearts so great
369-556: Is assumed that the Pre-Roman languages spoken by the native people , each used in a different region of Roman Hispania, contributed to the development of several different dialects of Vulgar Latin and that these diverged increasingly over time, eventually evolving into the early Romance languages of Iberia. An early form of Galician–Portuguese was already spoken in the Kingdom of the Suebi and by
410-422: Is different from Wikidata All set index articles Galician%E2%80%93Portuguese Galician–Portuguese ( Galician : galego–portugués or galaico–portugués ; Portuguese : galego–português or galaico–português ), also known as Old Galician–Portuguese , Old Galician or Old Portuguese , Medieval Galician or Medieval Portuguese when referring to the history of each modern language,
451-688: Is probably a slightly later translation of a Latin original. Galician–Portuguese had a special cultural role in the literature of the Christian kingdoms of Crown of Castile ( Kingdoms of Castile , Leon and Galicia , part of the medieval NW Iberian Peninsula ) comparable to the Catalan language of the Crown of Aragon ( Principality of Catalonia and Kingdoms of Aragon , Valencia and Majorca , NE medieval Iberian Peninsula), or that of Occitan in France and Italy during
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#1733093575419492-568: Is the Carta de dotação e fundação da Igreja de S. Miguel de Lardosa . In fact, many Latin documents written in Portuguese territory contain Romance forms. The Notícia de fiadores , written in 1175, is thought by some to be the oldest known document written in Galician–Portuguese. The Pacto dos irmãos Pais , discovered in 1999 (and possibly dating from before 1173), has been said to be even older, but despite
533-690: Is to state that Portuguese and Galician are separate languages, as are Asturian, Leonese, and Mirandese. Cantabrian and Extremaduran are considered codialects of the Leonese language for UNESCO, whereas the latter is a Castilian dialect in the ISO codes. Papiamento is a West Iberian creole language spoken in the Dutch West Indies and believed to be derived from Portuguese , Judaeo-Portuguese and Spanish . Bold indicates language families . Daggers indicate extinct languages. This article about Romance languages
574-434: The cantigas d'amor (male-voiced love lyric), the cantigas d'amigo (female-voiced love lyric) and the cantigas d'escarnho e de mal dizer (including a variety of genres from personal invective to social satire, poetic parody and literary debate). All told, nearly 1,700 poems survive in these three genres, and there is a corpus of over 400 cantigas de Santa Maria (narrative poems about miracles and hymns in honor of
615-484: The /a – ɐ/ distribution is still dubious and under discussion; some either stating that these two vowels were allophones and in complementary distribution (like in Spanish and Modern Galician, only treated as /a/ ): Alamanha [alaˈmaɲa] , mannãa [maˈɲãŋa] ; or stating they were not allophones and under distribution like in European Portuguese nowadays, Alemanha [ɐlɨˈmɐɲɐ] , manhã [mɐˈɲɐ̃] . Here
656-554: The Buri ) and Castro Laboreiro including the mountain town (county seat) of Soajo and surrounding villages. About the Galician–Portuguese languages About Galician–Portuguese culture Manuscripts containing Galician–Portuguese ('secular') lyric (cited from Cohen 2003 [see below under critical editions ]): Manuscripts containing the Cantigas de Santa Maria : Critical editions of individual genres of Galician–Portuguese poetry (note that
697-514: The Holy Virgin ). The Castilian king Alfonso X composed his cantigas de Santa Maria and his cantigas de escárnio e maldizer in Galician–Portuguese, even though he used Castilian for prose. King Dinis of Portugal , who also contributed (with 137 extant texts, more than any other author) to the secular poetic genres, made the language official in Portugal in 1290. Until then, Latin had been
738-483: The Masterpiece of Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity . The work of documenting and transmitting that common culture involves several universities and other organizations. Galician–Portuguese folklore is rich in oral traditions. These include the cantigas ao desafio or regueifas , duels of improvised songs, many legends, stories, poems, romances, folk songs, sayings and riddles, and ways of speech that still retain
779-464: The Rexurdimento , followed by the appearance of journals and, in the 20th century, scientific publications. Because until comparatively recently, most Galicians lived in many small towns and villages in a relatively remote and mountainous land, the language changed very slowly and was only very slightly influenced from outside the region. That situation made Galician remain the vernacular of Galicia until
820-584: The Vulgar Latin (common Latin) that had been introduced by Roman soldiers, colonists and magistrates during the time of the Roman Empire . Although the process may have been slower than in other regions, the centuries of contact with Vulgar Latin, after a period of bilingualism, completely extinguished the native languages, leading to the evolution of a new variety of Latin with a few Gallaecian features. Gallaecian and Lusitanian influences were absorbed into
861-665: The cantigas d'amor are split between Michaëlis 1904 and Nunes 1932): On the biography and chronology of the poets and the courts they frequented, the relation of these matters to the internal structure of the manuscript tradition, and myriad relevant questions in the field, please see: For Galician–Portuguese prose, the reader might begin with: There is no up-to-date historical grammar of medieval Galician–Portuguese. But see: A recent work centered on Galician containing information on medieval Galician–Portuguese is: Latin Lexica: Historical and Comparative Grammar of Latin: On
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#1733093575419902-513: The 19th and 20th centuries, it has been influenced by Castilian. Two cities at the time of separation, Braga and Porto , were within the County of Portugal and have remained within Portugal. Further north, the cities of Lugo , A Coruña and the great medieval centre of Santiago de Compostela remained within Galicia. Galician was the main written language in Galicia until the 16th century, but later it
943-556: The descendants of Galician-Portuguese . Until a few centuries ago, they formed a dialect continuum covering the western, central and southern parts of the Iberian Peninsula—excepting the Basque and Catalan-speaking territories. This is still the situation in a few regions, particularly in the northern part of the peninsula, but due to the differing sociopolitical histories of these languages (independence of Portugal since
984-564: The differences in Ancient Greek dialects, the alleged differences between 13th-century Portuguese and Galician are trivial. As a result of political division, Galician–Portuguese lost its unity when the County of Portugal separated from the Kingdom of Leon to establish the Kingdom of Portugal . The Galician and Portuguese versions of the language then diverged over time as they followed independent evolutionary paths. As Portugal's territory
1025-551: The early 12th century, unification of Spain in the late 15th century under the Catholic Monarchs , who privileged Castilian Spanish over the other Iberian languages), Spanish and Portuguese have tended to overtake and to a large extent absorb their sister languages while they kept diverging from each other. There is controversy over whether the members of the modern Galician-Portuguese and Astur-Leonese sub-groups are languages or dialects. A common, though disputed, classification
1066-608: The early documents cited from the late 12th century, please see Ivo Castro, Introdução à História do Português. Geografia da Língua. Português Antigo . (Lisbon: Colibri, 2004), pp. 121–125 (with references). West Iberian languages West Iberian is a branch of the Ibero-Romance languages that includes the Castilian languages ( Spanish , Judaeo-Spanish ), Astur-Leonese ( Asturian , Leonese , Mirandese , Extremaduran (sometimes), Cantabrian ), Navarro-Aragonese and
1107-586: The elision of unstressed vowels and the lenition of plosive consonants; actually, many Galician Latin charters written during the Middle Ages show interferences of the local Galician–Portuguese contemporary language. As for the oldest document written in Galician–Portuguese in Galicia, it is probably a document from the monastery of Melón dated to 1231, since the Charter of the Boo Burgo of Castro Caldelas , dated to 1228,
1148-480: The enthusiasm of some scholars, it has been shown that the documents are not really written in Galician–Portuguese but are in fact a mixture of Late Latin and Galician–Portuguese phonology, morphology and syntax. The Noticia de Torto , of uncertain date ( c. 1214? ), and the Testament of Afonso II [ pt ] (27 June 1214) are most certainly Galician–Portuguese. The earliest poetic texts (but not
1189-786: The influence of local Celtic languages (as in Old French ). The nasal vowels would thus be a phonologic characteristic of the Vulgar Latin spoken in Roman Gallaecia , but they are not attested in writing until after the 6th and 7th centuries. The oldest known document to contain Galician–Portuguese words found in northern Portugal is called the Doação à Igreja de Sozello and dated to 870 but otherwise composed in Late / Medieval Latin . Another document, from 882, also containing some Galician–Portuguese words
1230-642: The late 19th and early 20th centuries and its most spoken language till the early 21st century. The draft of the 1936 Galician Statute of Autonomy considered an official status for (Modern) Galician in the region but it never came into force, as Galicia fell to Rebel control upon the early stages of the Spanish Civil War . The linguistic classification of Galician and Portuguese is still discussed today. There are those among Galician independence groups who demand their reunification as well as Portuguese and Galician philologists who argue that both are dialects of
1271-532: The local Vulgar Latin dialect, which can be detected in some Galician–Portuguese words as well as in placenames of Celtic and Iberian origin. In general, the more cultivated variety of Latin spoken by the Hispano-Roman elites in Roman Hispania had a peculiar regional accent, referred to as Hispano ore and agrestius pronuntians . The more cultivated variety of Latin coexisted with the popular variety. It
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1312-472: The manuscripts in which they are found) date from c. 1195 to c. 1225. Thus, by the end of the 12th century and the beginning of the 13th there are documents in prose and verse written in the local Romance vernacular. In Galicia the oldest document showing traces of the underlying Romance language is a royal charter by king Silo of Asturias , dated to 775: it uses substrate words as arrogio and lagena , now arroio 'stream' and laxe 'stone', and presents also
1353-483: The official (written) language for royal documents; the spoken language did not have a name and was simply known as lingua vulgar ("ordinary language", that is Vulgar Latin) or á lenguage ("the language") until it was named "Portuguese" in King Dinis' reign. "Galician–Portuguese" and português arcaico ("Old Portuguese") are modern terms for the common ancestor of modern Portuguese and modern Galician. Compared to
1394-552: The same historical period. The main extant sources of Galician–Portuguese lyric poetry are these: The language was used for literary purposes from the final years of the 12th century to roughly the middle of the 14th century in what are now Spain and Portugal and was, almost without exception, the only language used for the composition of lyric poetry. Over 160 poets are recorded, among them Bernal de Bonaval , Pero da Ponte, Johan Garcia de Guilhade, Johan Airas de Santiago, and Pedr' Amigo de Sevilha. The main secular poetic genres were
1435-519: The year 800 Galician–Portuguese had already become the vernacular of northwestern Iberia. The first known phonetic changes in Vulgar Latin, which began the evolution to Galician–Portuguese, took place during the rule of the Germanic groups, the Suebi (411–585) and Visigoths (585–711). And the Galician–Portuguese "inflected infinitive" (or "personal infinitive") and the nasal vowels may have evolved under
1476-420: The younger generations, and the phonetics and lexicon of many occasional users is heavily influenced by Spanish. Portuguese continues to grow and, today, is the sixth most spoken language in the world. /s/ and /z/ were apico-alveolar , and /ts/ and /dz/ were lamino-alveolar . Later, all the affricate sibilants became fricatives, with the apico-alveolar and lamino-alveolar sibilants remaining distinct for
1517-690: Was a West Iberian Romance language spoken in the Middle Ages , in the northwest area of the Iberian Peninsula . Alternatively, it can be considered a historical period of the Galician , Fala , and Portuguese languages . Galician–Portuguese was first spoken in the area bounded in the north and west by the Atlantic Ocean and by the Douro River in the south, comprising Galicia and northern Portugal, but it
1558-402: Was displaced by Castilian Spanish , which was the official language of the Crown of Castille . Galician slowly became mainly an oral language, preserved by the majority rural or "uneducated" population living in the villages and towns, and Castilian was taught as the "correct" language to the bilingual educated elite in the cities. During most of the 16th, 17th and 18th centuries, its written use
1599-521: Was extended southward during the Reconquista, the increasingly-distinctive Portuguese language was adopted by the people in those regions, supplanting the earlier Arabic and other Romance/Latin languages that were spoken in these conquered areas during the Moorish era. Meanwhile, Galician was influenced by the neighbouring Leonese language, especially during the time of kingdoms of Leon and Leon-Castile, and in
1640-523: Was largely reduced to popular literature and theatre and private letters. From the 18th century onward grew the interest for the language by the studies of illustrious writers such as Martin Sarmiento , who studied the evolution of Galician from Latin and prepared the foundations for the first dictionary of Galician, José Cornide, and father Sobreira. In the 19th century a true literature in Galician emerged during
1681-532: Was later extended south of the Douro by the Reconquista . It is the common ancestor of modern Portuguese , Galician , and Fala varieties, all of which maintain a very high level of mutual intelligibility . The term "Galician–Portuguese" also designates the subdivision of the modern West Iberian group of Romance languages. Galician–Portuguese developed in the region of the former Roman province of Gallaecia , from