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20-561: Groudle , or Groudle Glen , a glen on the outskirts of Onchan on the Isle of Man , is formed in a valley leading to the sea at the small port of the same name. It is one of the officially-listed Manx National Glens . Groudle was a remote hamlet boasting only a handful of small cottages until linked to the Manx Electric Railway in 1893, at which time it was developed as a tourist attraction. Originally billed as "The Fern Land Of Mona!",

40-425: A dance floor and bandstand , to fortune tellers , many stalls, a playground , water wheel (known as the "Little Isabella", a reference to the world-famous Laxey Wheel which is a short distance away) and the narrow gauge railway . As trends changed, so did the fortunes of the glen and it never really recovered after World War II , with the railway being the sole surviving attraction. The line closed in 1962 and

60-456: A perennial stream . According to Merriam-Webster , a ravine is "a small, narrow, steep-sided valley that is larger than a gully and smaller than a canyon and that is usually worn by running water". Some societies and languages do not differentiate between a gully and ravine; in others, there is a distinction, particularly when concerning environmental management. Gullies are often found in hilly or mountainous regions, where water runoff

80-492: A bridge accessing the Howstrake Holiday Camp which was on the adjacent headland. At the point where the pack-horse road (now a footpath) crosses the railway line there is an old lime kiln from which the intermediate railway station also takes its name. About 60 yards below the "Little Isabella" wheel, still visible, is the ruin of the base of the refreshment kiosk, just across the stream by the old bandstand,(rebuilt on

100-443: A new bandstand structure. The glen has the only natural canyon on the island, the "Lhen Coan", which is Manx Gaelic for "Lonely Valley" (sometimes rendered inaccurately as "Lovely Glen", "Lonely Glen", Lovely Valley" etc.). In the lower (seaward) section of the glen, which is now in private ownership, were lily ponds that the accessed by the public by a series of winding boarded walkways. Having fallen into disrepair for many years

120-491: A testament to the incredible feat of engineering. To serve the zoo, in 1896 the Groudle Glen Railway was constructed over a three-quarter-mile length from the depths of the glen onto the headland. This resulted in the outer station being named " Sea Lion Rocks ", a name it still carries today. Described since as the " Alton Towers of its day", the glen featured many attractions for the discerning Victorian visitor, from

140-636: Is Goidelic in origin: gleann in Irish and Scottish Gaelic , glion in Manx . In Manx, glan is also to be found meaning glen. It is cognate with Welsh glyn . Whittow defines it as a "Scottish term for a deep valley in the Highlands" that is "narrower than a strath ". Examples in Northern England , such as Glenridding , Westmorland , or Glendue, near Haltwhistle , Northumberland , are thought to derive from

160-452: Is estimated to exceed a rate of 40 tonnes per hectare (16 long ton/acre; 18 short ton/acre) annually. The shield volcanoes of Hawaii have significant impact on the distribution of ravines across the islands, specifically Mauna Loa and Mauna Kea, the former of which is one the most active shield volcanoes on Earth. Both of these volcanoes show V-shaped ravines on their flanks, solely where they have been mantled by Pahala ash. Being

180-635: Is guided downhill by steep slopes and over time erodes the landscape. A ravine is the final step in gully erosion, formed when a stream has eroded so severely it forms a deep cut in the earth. A gully can be classified as a ravine after it reaches a large depth, typically in excess of 5 metres (16 ft). Ravine erosion contributes heavily to land loss globally and particularly threatens agricultural lands. Additionally, soil loss contributes to pollution, flooding, and sedimentation of waterways. The formation of ravine lands can be sped up by deforestation and overgrazing . In Indian badlands , soil erosion

200-637: The Finger Lakes region of New York State, the southern ends of Seneca Lake and Cayuga Lake in particular are etched with glens, although in this region the term "glen" refers most frequently to a narrow gorge , as opposed to a wider valley or strath. The steep hills surrounding these lakes are filled with loose shale from glacial moraines. This material has eroded over the past 10,000 years to produce rocky glens (e.g., Watkins Glen , Fillmore Glen State Park and Treman State Parks ) and waterfalls (e.g., Taughannock Falls ) as rainwater has flowed down toward

220-710: The aforementioned Cumbric cognate, or another Brythonic equivalent. This likely underlies some examples in Southern Scotland . As the name of a river , it is thought to derive from the Irish word glan meaning clean, or the Welsh word gleindid meaning purity. An example is the Glens of Antrim in Northern Ireland where nine glens radiate out from the Antrim plateau to the sea along

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240-994: The coast between Ballycastle and Larne . The designation "glen" also occurs often in place names such as Great Glen and Glenrothes in Scotland; Glendalough , Glenswilly , Glen of Aherlow , Glen of Imaal and the Glens of Antrim in Ireland; Glenn Norman in Canada; Glendale , Glen Ellen and Klamath Glen in California , Glenview and Homer Glen in Illinois , and Glenrock in Wyoming ; Glenview , Glen Waverley , Glen Eira , Glengowrie , Glen Huntly and Glen Forrest in Australia; and Glendowie , Glen Eden and Glen Innes in New Zealand. In

260-442: The element glyn ("valley"). Ravine A ravine is generally a fluvial slope landform of relatively steep (cross-sectional) sides, on the order of twenty to seventy percent in gradient . Ravines may or may not have active streams flowing along the downslope channel which originally formed them; moreover, often they are characterized by intermittent streams, since their geographic scale may not be sufficiently large to support

280-522: The glen returned to a tranquil footpath for the next twenty years, at which point the railway was restored by volunteers. The glen itself runs from the Whitebridge in Onchan to the sea at Port Groudle and is still open to the public today, although the majority of the attractions, save for the restored railway, have all but disappeared. The water wheel is extant and the old dance floor was replaced in 1993 with

300-471: The glen was further improved in the late 19th century by the planting of many different types of tree. Whereas most glens are formed naturally, it was a conscious effort by the owners to provide part of the attraction to the Victorian visitor by being able to inspect a wide variety of trees, something which is still evident today. At the beach there were bowling and croquet greens, a mill, crofters' cottages and

320-484: The intervention of mining engineering firm MMD, in memory of their founders. Glen A glen is a valley , typically one that is long and bounded by gently sloped concave sides, unlike a ravine , which is deep and bounded by steep slopes. The word is Goidelic in origin: gleann in Irish and Scottish Gaelic , glion in Manx . The designation "glen" also occurs often in place names. Glens are appreciated by tourists for their tranquility and scenery. The word

340-912: The lakes below. Many place-names in Scotland with "glen" derive from the Gaelic gleann ("deep valley"), with some being from the cognates in the Brittonic languages Cumbric and Pictish or from the Gaelic loanword glen in Scots . Some place-names in England contain the element "Glen". Many of these are derived from Brittonic cognates of Gaelic gleann (Welsh glyn ). Note that some place-names in England with "Glen", such as Glen Parva in Leicestershire, are actually more likely to derive from river-names named with Brittonic glan ("shining"). Some place-names in Wales contain

360-519: The older of the two, Mauna Kea displays more pronounced dissection of these ravines. Rainfall and infiltration capacity are critical to valley initiation on the Hawaiian volcanoes. Once these valleys are initiated, their streams incise to form V-shaped ravines. Eventually, they become sufficiently deep ravine systems and expose groundwater activity. The deepest of these incisions are U-shaped, theatre-headed valleys. This article related to topography

380-517: The ponds were substantially refurbished by the Manx Heritage Trust in 1986 which was deemed to be "Heritage Year" on the island, but since this time the maintenance has not been kept up and the ponds are not easily accessible. The railway still operates in the summer months and now has a visitors centre nearby to the old zoo with tea rooms. In 2020 the 'Little Isabella' waterwheel and its wheelhouse were restored back to working condition thanks to

400-402: The site, but much smaller). In the 1920s this kiosk was run by Mona May Cannell (née Grose, in those days), of Laxey old village; she travelled to and from Laxey via the tram from South Cape each day. At the outer reaches of the glen a small cove was dammed off and a zoo built featuring sea lions and polar bears in 1893 and the remains of this remarkable construction remain in situ today as

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