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55-625: Der Große Stern ( transl.  The Great Star ) is the central square of the Großer Tiergarten park in Berlin ; the Berlin Victory Column is sited in it. It is crossed by the Straße des 17. Juni , at its half. The other 3 streets junctionning are: This Berlin location article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Gro%C3%9Fer Tiergarten The beginnings of

110-526: A mass media phenomenon that spanned the globe, quickly spawning numerous toys, media specials, DVDs, and books. Because of this, the cub was largely responsible for a significant increase in revenue, estimated at five million euros, at the Berlin Zoo in 2007. Zoo attendance figures for the year increased by an estimated 30%, making it the most profitable year in its 165-year history. Knut died on 19 March 2011 after collapsing in his exhibit. Bao Bao (1978–2012)

165-594: A change of pace and a place to discuss intellectual matters in private. Such freedom was common under the rule of Frederick II; there were even residents allowed to live within the Tiergarten. Refugees, Huguenots in hiding from the French, were allowed to erect tents and sell refreshments to the pedestrians walking through the park. In 1786, the year of the king's death, his youngest brother Prince Augustus Ferdinand of Prussia moved into Bellevue Palace , which he had built inside

220-420: A chimpanzee, and a black stork . After the battle, some animals had escaped, while some of the killed animals were subsequently eaten by Red Army soldiers. Following the zoo's destruction, it and the associated aquarium was reconstructed on modern principles so as to display the animals in as close to their natural environment as feasible. The success in breeding animals, including some rare species, demonstrates

275-517: A multitude of pathways became distinguishing features of the new garden. Up until 1881, the Tiergarten was owned by the monarchy, and came under the direct control of the King and later the Emperor . Soon after Emperor William I abolished his rights to the forest, he added the boundaries to the new district of Berlin , so that the people may use and uphold it. However, until the middle of the twentieth century,

330-467: A partner of the Stiftung Artenschutz  [ de ] , a species protection foundation. The zoo houses four types of great ape : orangutans , gorillas , chimpanzees , and bonobos . The carnivore house displays all big cats and many rare small predators, such as ring-tailed mongooses and narrow-striped mongooses from Madagascar. In the basement, visitors are invited to a view into

385-623: A public scandal ensued, it ultimately acknowledged this. It commissioned a historian to identify these past shareholders and track down their descendants, according to a report by AFP. The Berlin Zoo is the most visited zoo in Europe , with more than 3.3 million visitors per year from all over the world. It is open all year long and can easily be reached by public transportation. The Berlin Zoologischer Garten railway station (also simply known as Zoo )

440-517: Is a prime example. It began construction in 1956 under the initiative of Eleanor Dulles as an American contribution to the Interbau , an International Architecture Exhibition employed to exhibit new social, cultural, and ecological ideas in architecture. The Tiergarten's culture began to stagnate until the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989. After the reunification of East and West Berlin in 1990, many of

495-615: Is one of Berlin's most important stations. Several modes of transport such as U-Bahn , S-Bahn and buses are interlinked here. Visitors can either enter the zoo through the exotically designed Elephant Gate beside the aquarium on Budapester Straße or through the Lion Gate on Hardenbergplatz. The original Elephant Gate, built in 1899, was destroyed in World War II. It was faithfully reconstructed to original plans in 1984. The zoo has always maintained an extensive and diverse collection. At

550-550: The Battle of Berlin : from 22 April 1945 onwards, the zoo was under constant artillery fire of the Red Army. Heavy fighting took place on the zoo area till 30 April, and safety measures forced the zoo keepers to kill some predators and other dangerous animals. Next to the zoo stood the Zoo Tower , a huge flak tower that was one of the last remaining areas of Nazi German resistance against

605-540: The Beethoven-Haydn-Mozart Memorial , is another example of how the Germans wanted to respect and honor the men and women who gave them a unique culture. The Nazi Party took control of Germany in 1933, causing a dramatic change of idealism. This change was not just social; in fact, Adolf Hitler had planned the complete renovation of the city of Berlin. " Welthauptstadt Germania ", or World Capital Germania,

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660-804: The Zoological Garden is situated on the south-western side. The principal road is the Straße des 17. Juni, which ends at the Brandenburg Gate to the east. Other main roads are the Altonaer Straße , Spreeweg and Hofjägerallee . In the middle of the park is the square named Großer Stern ("Great Star") with the Siegessäule (Victory column) located in its centre. In addition to the Brandenburg Gate, other notable buildings and structures located close to

715-517: The female gorilla was born on 13 April 1957. She came to the zoo at an estimated age of two. In 1974 she gave birth to the first gorilla to be raised in Berlin, Dufte. Since the death of Colo in January 2017, she is the oldest living gorilla in captivity of the world (now together with American gorilla Trudy). In 2008, Claudia Hämmerling, a Green Party MP, accused the zoo director, Bernhard Blaszkiewitz (also

770-460: The menagerie at Pfaueninsel island and pheasantry of the Tiergarten . The nearby U-Bahn station was opened in 1882. In 1938, the Berlin Zoo got rid of Jewish board members and forced Jewish shareholders to sell their stocks at a loss, before re-selling the stocks in an effort to Aryanize the institution. Starting in 1939, Jews were also prevented from visiting the zoo. Zoo director Lutz Heck

825-462: The Great ) (1712–1786) did not appreciate the hunt as his predecessors did, In 1740, he opened the park's first public gardens. In 1742 he instructed the architect Georg Wenzeslaus von Knobelsdorff to tear down the fences that surrounded the territory and to turn the park into a Lustgarten (literally " pleasure garden "), one that would be open to the people of Berlin. In the baroque style popular at

880-537: The Red Army, with its bunkers and anti-aircraft weapons defending against Allied air forces . At the entrance of the zoo, there was a small underground shelter for zoo visitors and keepers. During the battle, wounded German soldiers were taken care of here by female personnel and the wives of zookeepers. On 30 April, the zoo flak bunker surrendered. A count on 31 May 1945 revealed only 91 of 3,715 animals had survived, including two lion cubs, two hyenas, Asian bull elephant Siam, hippo bull Knautschke, ten hamadryas baboons ,

935-465: The Tiergarten (on the premises of a former mansion on the banks of the Spree river which Knobelsdorff had built for himself in 1743). Furthermore a pheasant house was erected inside the park, which would later become the core of the Zoological Garden , a zoo founded in 1844 that lies within the greater Tiergarten. During the revolutions of 1848 , the park hosted the first assembly demanding the abolishment of

990-480: The Tiergarten and its various cultural elements. Many statues were destroyed or damaged. Some of the Berlin citizens even buried statues in the grounds of the nearby Bellevue Palace in order to prevent further destruction. They were not recovered until 1993. After the war, the Tiergarten became part of the British Occupation sector of West Berlin . The area however underwent a sudden, violent change; much of

1045-576: The Tiergarten can be traced back to 1527. It was founded as a hunting area for the Elector of Brandenburg , and was situated to the west of the Cölln city wall, which was the sister town of Old Berlin . It also sat in the same vicinity as the City Palace ( Stadtschloss ). In 1530 the expansion began; acres of land were purchased and the garden began to expand towards the north and west. The total area extended beyond

1100-403: The Tiergarten remained in the style that Lenné had left it in. The biggest changes came in the form of nationalistic memorials that began construction in 1849 under the directorship of Eduard Niede and Hermann Geitner . These monuments were seen as patriotic contributions to the culture of the Tiergarten. The Siegesallee ("Victory Avenue") could be considered the most famous addition. Built under

1155-413: The Tiergarten, allowing easy movement from north to south for motor vehicles, trams , and more recently S-Bahn trains. The original proposal for the tunnel was met with great opposition from environmentalists, who believed the vegetation would be damaged due to shifts in ground-water levels; in fact, the first plans for construction were denied by a court order. Two memorial monuments are located towards

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1210-401: The Zoologischer Garten complex. In addition to fish and other aquatic life, it is home to most of the zoo's reptiles, amphibians and invertebrates. Polar bear Knut was born in captivity at the zoo on 5 December 2006. He and his twin brother or sister were directly rejected by their mother on the day of birth. He was subsequently raised by zookeeper Thomas Dörflein and became the center of

1265-490: The bodies of water turned silty, every bridge was destroyed, the monuments lay on their sides and were badly damaged. Plans to fill the waterways with debris from the war were also suggested, but were prevented by the head of the Berlin Central Office of Environmental Planning, Reinhold Lingner. In 1945, almost directly after the fall of Berlin , the occupying Soviets erected a Soviet War Memorial (Tiergarten) for

1320-512: The city of Berlin began to expand and the hunting area shrank to accommodate the growth. Frederick Wilhelm I (1688–1740), Elector of Brandenburg (1713–1740), feeling the need to bring change to his private hunting grounds, built many structures that are still visible today. As the King was expanding Unter den Linden , a roadway that connected the City Palace and the Tiergarten, he had a swathe of forest removed in order to connect his castle to

1375-472: The creation of a rural Volkspark , or people's park, that would also serve as a sort of Prussian national park that would help lift the spirits of those who visited. However, the King Frederick William III rejected Lenné's plan. Against the opposition of a hesitant bureaucracy, Lenné submitted a modified version of his concept. This plan was accepted and realized between 1833 and 1840. The park

1430-425: The current Tiergarten, and the forests were perfect for hunting deer and other wild animals ( Tiergarten might literally be translated as animal garden ). The Elector of Brandenburg had wild animals placed within the Tiergarten, which was fenced off from the outside to prevent the creatures from escaping, and was the main hunting ground for the electors of Brandenburg . This hobby, however, began to fade away as

1485-469: The director of Tierpark Berlin ), of selling hundreds of animals for slaughter, in some cases to breeders in China for potency-boosting drugs. The same year, Blaszkiewitz admitted to breaking the necks of several feral domestic housecat kittens found at the zoo. In 2009, a woman was mauled by polar bears after jumping into their exhibit. She was rushed to the hospital and survived. In 2023, employees from

1540-503: The eastern end of the park—the Memorial to Homosexuals Persecuted Under Nazism , built 2008, and the Memorial to the Sinti and Roma Victims of National Socialism , built 2012. The park is located on the northern and central side of Tiergarten Ortsteil and is bordered, on the northern side, by the river Spree . The little quarter Hansaviertel borders on it at the north-western side and

1595-538: The efficacy of these new methods. The zoo came to be located in West Berlin , hence a second zoo – Tierpark Berlin – was built in the East . There was virtually no public attention paid to the zoo's Third Reich history until 2000, when Werner Cohn , whose father was a former shareholder, wrote to enquire about the fate of those shares. The zoo initially denied that Jewish shareholders were forced to sell their shares, but as

1650-576: The fallen soldiers of the Red Army on the north side of the current Straße des 17. Juni. Situated less than a mile away from the Reichstag , it was built at such short notice that it was located in the planned British sector. When the Berlin Wall went up around West Berlin in 1961, the monument became inaccessible to the people for whom it was built, although Soviet honour guards were allowed to be stationed at

1705-532: The first tree, a linden , to signify the beginning of the restoration. West Germany took over the operation and sponsorship with about 250,000 young trees being delivered to the former capital from all over the Bundesrepublik, even being delivered via plane during the Berlin Blockade . Alverdes's plan did away with the pre-existing baroque-styled structures in the park, claiming the style was not in keeping with

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1760-691: The monument, with approval from the British occupying forces. On June 2, 1945, the Berlin Magistrate decided they would restore the Greater Tiergarten. The first suggestions came in 1946/47. Reinhold Lingner and Georg Pniower, Professor of Garden Design at Berlin University , were the first to offer plans, but both were rejected during the division of Berlin by the Allied powers. Instead, they decided to follow

1815-520: The national censors. At the end of the 18th century, Knobelsdorff's late- baroque form had been all but replaced by ideas for a new, scenic garden ideal. The castle park Bellevue and Rousseau Island were laid out by court gardener Justus Ehrenreich Sello in the late 18th century. It was then in 1818 that the king commissioned the help of Peter Joseph Lenné , a young man who was at the time the gardener's assistant at Sanssouci in Potsdam . His plans involved

1870-439: The newly built Charlottenburg Palace . Der Große Stern , the central square of the Tiergarten, and Kurfürstenplatz , the electoral plaza, were added, with seven and eight boulevards respectively. This is seen as the beginning of a transformation in the Tiergarten, a movement from the king's personal hunting territory to a forest park designed for the people. Frederick Wilhelm I's son and successor, Frederick II ( Frederick

1925-500: The northerly neighbouring quarter of Moabit a much smaller park bears the same name, thus both are differentiated as Großer and Kleiner Tiergarten . The Tiergarten has an area of around 210 hectares (520 acres), and after Tempelhofer Freiheit , it is the second biggest parkland in Berlin and the third biggest inner-city parkland in Germany. The park is principally served by the S-Bahn at

1980-550: The orders of Emperor William II , it was lined with statues of former Prussian royal figures of varying historical importance. The Prachtboulevard ("Magnificence Boulevard") was added in 1895 and became the area known as the Königsplatz, which would later become Platz der Republik . The park is covered in statues commemorating those famous to the Prussians and the activities they enjoyed doing. Animal statues are to be found throughout

2035-711: The outbreak of World War II there were 4000 birds and mammals of 1400 species, while the aquarium held 8300 reptiles, amphibians and invertebrates of 750 species. In 2001, the combined collection numbered 14188 animals of 1517 species, similar to present. The number of larger animals displayed has gradually thinned as enclosures become increasingly designed to recreate natural habitat . The zoo maintains studbooks for black and Indian rhinoceroses and gaurs . The populations of rare deer and pigs are part of several captive breeding projects. Berlin Zoo supports conservationists in other countries (for instance, in Madagascar ) and as

2090-466: The outskirts of the park changed drastically. For instance, along the streets that border the southern boundary of the park, dilapidated embassy buildings that had stood for decades were reoccupied and others were rebuilt from the ground up, such as the Nordic embassies. On the northern border the new German Chancellery was built, along with office buildings for the everyday work of the delegates. The Reichstag

2145-643: The park are the Soviet War Memorial , the Reichstag (seat of the Bundestag ) and Federal Chancellery (seat of the Chancellor of Germany ) (all in the eastern borders), the new central railway station (in the north) and, on the southeastern borders, the Memorial to the Murdered Jews of Europe , the Memorial to the Sinti and Roma victims of National Socialism and the central square of Potsdamer Platz . In

2200-434: The park, playing the counterpart to the stone hunters that also inhabit the area. Built by famous sculptor Friedrich Drake , a statue to Queen Louise , beloved queen of the Prussians, is also to be found here alongside her husband, Frederick William III . Statues of Johann Wolfgang von Goethe , Gotthold Ephraim Lessing , Theodor Fontane , Richard Wagner and Albert Lortzing were also erected. The Komponistendenkmal , or

2255-507: The period. The combination of baroque and regional art was tossed out. Being a very natural park landscape, the Tiergarten was a very important large green space for rest and relaxation for the West Berliners, who were separated from the surrounding East German countryside by the Berlin Wall. Several buildings have been added to the area surrounding the park, many of which were constructed by foreign architects. The Haus der Kulturen der Welt

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2310-551: The plans of the Tiergarten Director Willy Alverdes, whose plan seemed to be a more pragmatic approach: instead of rebuilding the park in a new fashion, Alverdes' plans depended on the existing design of the park. He wanted to establish a tranquil, spacious park where one could relax and recover. The Tiergarten was re-forested between 1949 and 1959. On March 17, 1949, the Lord Mayor Ernst Reuter planted

2365-636: The rail stops of Berlin Tiergarten (situated at the western entrance on the Straße des 17. Juni) and Berlin Bellevue (lines S5 S7 S75). The N9 bus also serves the park. Berlin Zoological Garden The Berlin Zoological Garden (German: Zoologischer Garten Berlin ) is the oldest surviving and best-known zoo in Germany. Opened in 1844, it covers 35 hectares (86.5 acres) and is located in Berlin 's Tiergarten . With about 1,380 different species and over 20,200 animals,

2420-469: The time he added flowerbeds , borders and espaliers in geometrical layouts, along with mazes , water basins and ornamental ponds; he also commissioned sculptures to add cultural significance. Unique to the time period, areas of congregation called "salons" were established along the many different walkways in the park. These salons were blocked off from the walking path by hedges or trees and often furnished with seating, fountains and vases, offering guests

2475-402: The wooded area was felled and turned to firewood due to the shortage of coal, and the now empty fields were turned into temporary farmland by order of British troops. There were around 2,550 plots of land available for growing potatoes and vegetables. However, these two factors caused the once great forest to nearly disappear; only 700 trees survived out of over 200,000 that once lined the parkway,

2530-413: The world of nocturnal animals. The bird house presents a walk-through aviary and offers a broad variety of forms, including several regularly breeding species of hornbills and many parrots. Numerous big aviaries show waders, herons and many other species. The Berlin Zoo is one of the few zoos to exhibit tuatara (in the aquarium) and Luzon tarictic hornbills . The aquarium was built in 1913 as part of

2585-476: The zoo presents one of the most comprehensive collections of species in the world. The zoo and its aquarium had more than 3.5 million visitors in 2017. It is the most-visited zoo in Europe and one of the most popular worldwide. Regular animal feedings are among its most famous attractions. Globally known animals like Knut , the polar bear , and Bao Bao  [ de ] , the giant panda have contributed to

2640-410: The zoo's education department made serious allegations of exploitation and disrespect. They also criticised the fact that quality in the area of education was no longer a priority, although this is one of the main tasks of a scientifically working zoo. These accusations highlighted problems within the organisation and led to a wave of terminations by the zoo and resignations from dissatisfied employees. As

2695-663: The zoo's public image. The zoo collaborates with many universities, research institutes, and other zoos around the world. It maintains and promotes European breeding programmes , helps safeguard several endangered species, and participates in several species reintroduction programs. Opened on 1 August 1844, the Zoologischer Garten Berlin was the second zoo in Germany after the short-lived "Thiergarten" in Hamburg-Horn. The aquarium opened in 1913. The first animals were donated by Frederick William IV , King of Prussia , from

2750-399: Was done during the bombardments on 22 and 23 November 1943. In less than 15 minutes, 30% of the zoo population was killed on the first day, and on the second day the aquarium building was completely destroyed by a direct hit. Of the eight elephants, only one survived, the bull Siam, and 2-year-old hippo bull Knautschke was saved from the gunfire in his animal house. Most damage was done during

2805-473: Was modeled after English gardens, but Lenné made sure to pay attention to Knobelsdorff's structures and layouts. By draining forests areas he allowed for more footpaths, roadways, and bridleways to be laid down. Several features became characteristic components of the Tiergarten. Wide-open grass lawns traversed by streams and clusters of trees, lakes with small islands, countless bridges like the Löwenbrücke, and

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2860-471: Was named chief of the Oberste Naturschütz Behörde im Reichsforstamt (highest nature preservation agency in the state department of forestry) by his friend Hermann Göring in the summer of 1938 and in this capacity he was the senior responsible person for the entire nature management. During World War II, the zoo area was hit by Allied bombs for the first time on 8 September 1941. Most damage

2915-794: Was one of the first two giant pandas in Germany and became – for a time – the oldest known panda in zoos. He was together with the female panda Tjen Tjen (who died in 1984) given to West Germany by China in 1980. Between 1991 and 1993 Bao Bao was loaned to London Zoo. In 1995, back in his Berlin home, another female named Yan Yan was sent on loan from China in an attempt to mate Bao Bao. In spite of several artificial insemination experiments there were no offspring. Yan Yan died in 2007. In summer 2017, giant pandas returned to Berlin, when Jiao Quing and Meng Meng arrived on breeding loan from China. In September 2019, Meng Meng gave birth to twin male panda cubs, Pit und Paule. On 22 August 2024, Meng Meng gave again birth to twin panda cubs, this time two females. Fatou

2970-462: Was refurbished with a new, glass dome that has become a popular tourist attraction. Several overgrown areas that had been used for picnics and football were replaced with open spaces and grassy lawns that have added to the prestige of the park. Due to its status as a garden memorial of the city of Berlin, encroachment onto the Tiergarten from businesses and residents has been illegal since 1991. A large tunnel, commissioned in 2006, has been built under

3025-657: Was the idea the Nazis wanted to bring to fruition. The Tiergarten was to be a central location in the new city. The Charlottenburger Chaussee, today known as the Straße des 17. Juni , was to be the central line between the east and west, and was widened from 27 metres (89 ft) to 53 metres (174 ft), the same width as the current street. The Berlin Victory Column was also moved to the Großer Stern, where it remains to this day. The Second World War caused significant damage to

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