Edwardian architecture usually means a Neo-Baroque architectural style that was popular for public buildings in the British Empire during the Edwardian era (1901–1910). Architecture up to 1914 is commonly included in this style.
11-660: Greywalls is an Edwardian country house at Gullane in East Lothian , Scotland. It was built in 1901 for Alfred Lyttelton , to designs by Sir Edwin Lutyens . It has been run as a hotel since 1948. Greywalls is protected as a category A listed building , and the grounds are included on the Inventory of Gardens and Designed Landscapes in Scotland , the national listing of significant gardens. The Hon. Alfred Lyttelton (1857–1913) served as
22-514: A Member of Parliament from 1895 to 1913, holding office as Colonial Secretary from 1903 to 1905. He was also a talented sportsman, having previously played on the English national cricket and football teams. A keen golfer, in 1901 he commissioned the architect Edwin Lutyens to design a holiday home on a site adjacent to Muirfield golf course on the East Lothian coast. Originally known as High Walls,
33-557: A subset – used for major buildings – known as Edwardian Baroque architecture. The Victorian Society campaigns to preserve architecture built between 1837 and 1914, and so includes Edwardian as well as Victorian architecture within its remit. The characteristic features of the Edwardian Baroque style were drawn from two main sources: the architecture of France during the 18th century and that of Sir Christopher Wren in England during
44-754: The Ionic order and domed towers modelled closely on Wren's for the Royal Naval College in Greenwich . Some Edwardian Baroque buildings include details from other sources, such as the Dutch gables of Norman Shaw 's Piccadilly Hotel in London . Other characteristics include: Coupled column A coupled column (also accouplement, twinned or paired column ) is one of a pair of columns that are installed nearer together and wider with others. The coupled columns should be of
55-401: The voussoirs of arched openings (derived from French models); domed corner rooftop pavilions and a central taller tower-like element creating a lively rooftop silhouette; revived Italian Baroque elements such as exaggerated keystones , segmental arched pediments , columns with engaged blocks, attached block-like rustication to window surrounds; colonnades of (sometimes paired ) columns in
66-676: The 17th—part of the English Baroque (for this reason Edwardian Baroque is sometimes referred to as " Wrenaissance "). Sir Edwin Lutyens was a major exponent, designing many commercial buildings in what he termed 'the Grand Style' during the later 1910s and 1920s. This period of British architectural history is considered a particularly retrospective one, since it is contemporary with Art Nouveau . Typical details of Edwardian Baroque architecture include extensive rustication , usually more extreme at ground level, often running into and exaggerating
77-510: The house into a hotel. Several extensions have since been added, and the Weaver family continue to manage the property. The hotel restaurant, Chez Roux, is run by French chef Albert Roux . Edwardian architecture It can also be used to mean various styles in middle-class housing, including relaxed versions of Arts and Crafts architecture . Edwardian architecture is generally less ornate than high or late Victorian architecture , apart from
88-484: The house was designed in Lutyens' Arts and Crafts style. Lutyens also laid out the gardens, possibly with the assistance of Gertrude Jekyll . In 1905 the house was sold by Lyttelton to Evelyn Forbes, the Scots socialite wife of American railroad magnate William Dodge James . She commissioned Lutyens to add three lodges in 1905, and in 1911 had an extension built by Sir Robert Lorimer . The Jameses entertained Edward VII at
99-621: The house. It was leased after the First World War, and in 1924 it was purchased by Sir James Horlick, founder of Horlicks Ltd . Horlick developed a plant collection at another of his properties, Achamore House in Argyll, but only visited Greywalls annually. The house was requisitioned during the Second World War for use as a hospital. Horlick left the property to his daughter Ursula and her husband Colonel John Weaver, and in 1948 they converted
110-455: The same order and set closer enough to almost touch each other at their bases and capitals . These columns were mostly used in the architecture of the 17th century and later. In a colonnade , all columns may be coupled or just the outer pairs. Сoupled columns are often installed at the building entrance, on both sides of a window, fireplace, niche, or stair. Pilasters and engaged columns can also be paired. The coupling of classical columns
121-457: Was both a recurring motif in French classical architecture and a matter of controversy in structural and aesthetic theory. Quatremère de Quincy described the paired columns as a "fault" and a first step to vice (1788). Claude Perrault , in contrast, considered coupled columns to be structurally superior because a composite architrave spanning wide intercolumnation of paired columns rested wholly on
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