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22-447: The 49 communes of the metropolis are: 45°11′N 5°43′E  /  45.19°N 5.72°E  / 45.19; 5.72 This Isère geographical article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Is%C3%A8re Isère ( US : / iː ˈ z ɛər / ee- ZAIR , French: [izɛʁ] ; Arpitan : Isera ; Occitan : Isèra , Occitan pronunciation: [iˈsɛɾa] )

44-486: A guide is credited to Frederick Gardiner in 1878 accompanied by Charles and Lawrence Pilkington. The southern face was climbed for the first time in 1880 by Pierre Gaspard together with Henri Duhamel . The south pillar, a part of the Black glacier ending at the top, was climbed for the first time in 1944 by the famous couple of climbers Jeanne and Jean Franco. The Barre des Écrins attracts many climbers and has many routes to

66-430: Is a landlocked department in the southeastern French region of Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes . Named after the river Isère , it had a population of 1,271,166 in 2019. Its prefecture is Grenoble . It borders Rhône to the northwest, Ain to the north, Savoie to the east, Hautes-Alpes to the south, Drôme and Ardèche to the southwest and Loire to the west. Isère is one of the original 83 departments created during

88-698: Is also open to visitors. Barre des %C3%89crins The Barre des Écrins ( French pronunciation: [baʁ dez‿ekʁɛ̃] ) is a mountain in the French Alps with a peak elevation of 4,102 metres (13,458 ft). It is the highest peak of the Massif des Écrins and the Dauphiné Alps and the most southerly alpine peak in Europe that is higher than 4,000 metres. It is the only 4,000-metre mountain in France that lies outside

110-546: Is also well known. The Vercors Plateau aesthetically dominates the western part of the department. The most populous commune is Grenoble , the prefecture. As of 2019, there are 7 communes with more than 20,000 inhabitants: Inhabitants of the department are called Isérois (masculine) and Iséroises (feminine). Population development since 1801: The President of the Departmental Council has been Jean-Pierre Barbier of The Republicans (LR) since 2015. Following

132-450: Is an amphibolic face over the top of the migmatized gneiss forming the top. These formations overlap a large granite Pluton that forms the summit of Pelvoux. The Écrins were discovered by geographers belatedly in the 19th century when they were the highest point in France ( Savoy being part of the Kingdom of Sardinia at that time). The mountains are actually located on the borders of

154-469: The 2017 Senate election , Isère elected Didier Rambaud ( La République En Marche! ), Guillaume Gontard ( miscellaneous left ), Frédérique Puissat ( The Republicans ), Michel Savin ( The Republicans ) and André Vallini ( Socialist Party ) for the 2017–2023 term. The Grande Chartreuse is the mother abbey of the Carthusian order. It is located 22 km (14 mi) north of Grenoble. As early as

176-571: The 2021 departmental election , the Departmental Council of Isère (58 seats) was composed as follows: In the 2022 legislative election , Isère elected the following representatives to the National Assembly : In 2024 , all the Renaissance and Democratic Movement candidates lost their seats: to La France Insoumise in the 1st and 9th constituencies, and to RN-coalition parties in the 8th and 10th. The other representatives were all reelected. In

198-503: The French Revolution on 4 March 1790. It was established from the main part of the former province of Dauphiné . Its area was reduced twice, in 1852 and again in 1967, on both occasions losing territory to the department of Rhône . In 1852 in response to rapid urban development around the edge of Lyon , the (hitherto Isère) communes of Bron , Vaulx-en-Velin , Vénissieux and Villeurbanne were transferred to Rhône . In 1967

220-728: The Mont Blanc Massif . Before the annexation of Savoy in 1860 it was the highest mountain in France. The Barre des Écrins is the highest peak in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region including all of Occitania and the Southern Alps. It is located in the commune of Pelvoux and is situated near the Drainage divide between the Durance and the Vénéon . This divide passes 250 metres west of

242-570: The Oisans and Briançonnais with the highest point completely in Briançonnais. They were sometimes called "point of Arsines" by locals. The Englishmen A. W Moore , Horace Walker , and Edward Whymper , guided by Michel Croz from Chamonix and Christian Almer from Switzerland , made the first ascent of the Barre des Écrins on 25 June 1864. They cut steps on the north face of the Barre until they reached

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264-807: The 13th century, residents of the north and central parts of Isère spoke a dialect of the Franco-Provençal language called Dauphinois , while those in the Southern parts spoke the Vivaro-Alpine dialect of Occitan . Both continued to be spoken in rural areas of Isère into the 20th century. Isère features many ski resorts , including the Alpe d'Huez , Les Deux Alpes , the 1968 Winter Olympics resorts of Chamrousse , Villard de Lans , Autrans . Other popular resorts include Les 7 Laux , Méaudre , Saint-Pierre-de-Chartreuse , Alpe du Grand Serre and Gresse-en-Vercors . At

286-518: The South Face of the mountain the risk of rockfall is significant. It is possible to climb the Direct Coolidge in late spring directly to the summit with crampons and an ice axe. Depending on snow conditions, this route can also be done on skis. The south-north traverse of the Barre des Écrins bar is also one of the classic routes of the massif. In summer it is possible to climb a steep path on

308-591: The department level, Isère is the third-largest ski and winter destination in France, after Savoie and Haute-Savoie . It also hosts Coupe Icare , an annual festival of free flight, such as paragliding and hang-gliding , held at the world-renowned paragliding site at Lumbin . Grenoble has a dozen museums, including its most famous, established in 1798, the Museum of Grenoble . The European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), an international research facility in Grenoble,

330-858: The redrawing of local government borders led to the creation of the Urban Community of Lyon (more recently known simply as Greater Lyon or Grand Lyon). At that time intercommunal groupings of this nature were not permitted to straddle departmental frontiers, and accordingly 23 more Isère communes (along with six communes from Ain ) found themselves transferred to Rhône. The affected Isère communes were Chaponnay , Chassieu , Communay , Corbas , Décines-Charpieu , Feyzin , Genas , Jonage , Jons , Marennes , Meyzieu , Mions , Pusignan , Saint-Bonnet-de-Mure , Saint-Laurent-de-Mure , Saint-Pierre-de-Chandieu , Saint-Priest , Saint-Symphorien-d'Ozon , Sérézin-du-Rhône , Simandres , Solaize , Ternay and Toussieu . Most recently, on 1 April 1971, Colombier-Saugnieu

352-535: The routes to the Dôme and the Barre divide. The ascent of the Barre continues by a rocky arête all the way to the summit. The guides from La Bérarde have equipped the Col des Écrins with cables allowing them to bring their clients to the summit. Other more challenging routes to the summit exist, such as the South Face rated AD (Fairly Difficult). The quality of the rock on the mountain ranges from poor to average and especially on

374-580: The south face with the Pilier Sud being the most traveled route. The record for an ascent on foot is 1 hour 55 minutes by Mathéo Jacquemoud in June 2012, starting from Pré de Madame Carle (1874 m) by the normal route of the Dôme and the Whymper corridor. He beat the old record by Hubert Fievet (2 hours 3 minutes in 1998). The record for round-trip ski mountaineering is 2 hours 51 minutes by Nicolas Bonnet in 2009 from

396-610: The south-east the Glacier Noir . It is separated from the Snow Dome of Écrins (4015 m) by the Lory Gap (3974 m) to the west, the Barre Noir (3751 m) by the Écrins Gap (3661 m) to the north-east and by Fifre (3699 m) via the Col des Avalanches (3499 m) to the south. The mountain consists of migmatized gneiss , an acidic rock composed of quartz - feldspar . On the upper slopes there

418-588: The summit, along the ridge that leads to the summit of the sub-peak Dôme des Écrins (4088 metres). The south face of the mountain is rocky while the north face is ice as it is the starting point of the Glacier Blanc . The mountain is surrounded by four glaciers: to the north-west is the Bonne Pierre glacier , to the north-east the Glacier Blanc , to the south-west the Glacier du Vallon de la Pilatte , and finally in

440-600: The top of the eastern edge via the Whymper corridor . They then reached the top of this high ridge which was composed of very unstable rocks. Edward Whymper described the ascension in his book Scrambles Amongst the Alps in the Years 1860-69 . William Auguste Coolidge made the first direct climb up the north face of the Barre des Ecrins in July 1870 by cutting 500 steps. The first ascent without

462-560: The top. The mountain is traditionally scaled from the Pré de Madame Carle in the valley of Ailefroide. The normal route climbs the entire length of the Glacier Blanc . This is a much-used route, because it is the usual way to the Dôme des Écrins, one of the most easily climbed 4,000 m alpine peaks. It starts from the Refuge des Écrins and climbs the north face almost up to the Lory saddle (3,974 m), where

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484-452: Was transferred to Rhône. Banners appeared in the commune's three little villages at the time proclaiming Dauphinois toujours ("Always Dauphinois"). Isère includes a part of the French Alps . The highest point in the department is the subpeak Pic Lory at 4,088 metres (13,412 feet), subsidiary to the 4,102 metres (13,458 feet) Barre des Écrins in the adjoining Hautes-Alpes department. The summit of La Meije at 3,988 metres (13,084 feet)

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