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73-632: Over the next few weeks, all of the escapees were eventually recaptured without bloodshed. Although most were apprehended within Maricopa County , a few nearly made it to the border of Mexico , which is about 210 km (130 miles) south of the camp. Camp Papago Park was built in 1943 and located in Papago Park , a public recreational area in eastern Phoenix. Initially, the camp was to be used for Italian prisoners of war, but by January 1944 it had been designated for German prisoners only, most of whom were from

146-619: A cave in the mountains north of Phoenix. From there they explored the area and ventured into the city. According to author Ronald H. Bailey, Kremer "pulled off the most bizarre caper of the entire escape." Every few days he would make contact with one of the German workers sent outside the camp's perimeter and exchange places with him. The exchanged prisoner would spend the night in the cave with Captain Wattenberg while Kremer slipped back into camp. Inside, Kremer would gather food and information. To deliver

219-472: A distraction with loud celebrations on the night of December 23. Wattenberg's plan was to get as far away from the camp as possible before the guards realized the men were gone. To buy time, four U-boat captains informed the Americans that they and the other officers would no longer appear for roll call unless it was conducted by an officer. The American commander did not accept this and put the entire compound on

292-434: A female householder with no husband present, 33.9% were not families, and 25.9% of all households were made up of individuals. The average household size was 2.67 and the average family size was 3.25. The median age was 34.6 years. The median income for a household in the county was $ 55,054 and the median income for a family was $ 65,438. Males had a median income of $ 45,799 versus $ 37,601 for females. The per capita income for

365-506: A household in the county was $ 45,358, and for a family was $ 51,827. Males had a median income of $ 36,858 versus $ 28,703 for females. The per capita income for the county was $ 22,251. About 8.0% of families and 11.7% of the population were below the poverty line , including 15.4% of those under age 18 and 7.4% of those age 65 or over. In 2010 statistics, the largest religious group in Maricopa County were Catholics, who are organized under

438-595: A meal at a restaurant. He slept in a chair in a hotel lobby for a few hours, and then walked around the streets at night. While walking, he asked for directions from a member of a street cleaning crew. The cleaner found Wattenberg's accent to be suspicious, called the police, and Wattenberg was arrested by 9 AM the next morning. At least some of the escapees expected severe punishment for escaping; they were aware that 50 Allied prisoners of war had been executed after escape by their German captors in Stalag Luft III . However,

511-632: A more limited constitutional amendment Proposition 102 to ban same-sex marriage but not state-recognized civil unions or domestic partnerships. The amendment was later invalidated by the Supreme Court's 2015 ruling in Obergefell v. Hodges , which declared that same-sex marriage is a fundamental right in the United States. Unlike cities and towns in Arizona, counties are politically and legally subordinate to

584-423: A restricted diet for every day the officers refused to appear. The roll call strike lasted 16 days and ended with a compromise: all men, regardless of rank, would be present for roll call every morning except Sunday at 9:00 AM, and every afternoon at 4:15 PM. By tacit agreement, those above the rank of a lieutenant captain could stand in the doorways of their barracks to be counted. The Germans got what they wanted, so

657-516: A week. However, it does not stop in Phoenix itself. The population ranking of the following table is based on the 2020 census of Maricopa County. † county seat In 2019, the largest employers in Maricopa County were: According to the Bureau of Economic Analysis , in 2019 the employment of Maricopa County in the following sectors was: Maricopa produces far more Brassica than anywhere else in

730-616: Is 3,600 cubic feet per second (100 m /s), with 2,000 cubic feet per second (57 m /s) for the Arizona Canal, and 1,600 cubic feet per second (45 m /s) for the Southern Canal. Below Granite Reef Dam, the Salt River leaves the mountains and flows past the cities of Mesa , Tempe , and Scottsdale , then south of downtown Phoenix , where it passes north of South Mountain Park . With

803-619: Is a river in Gila and Maricopa counties in Arizona , United States, that is the largest tributary of the Gila River . The river is about 200 miles (320 km) long. Its drainage basin covers about 13,700 square miles (35,000 km ). The longest of the Salt River's many tributaries is the 195-mile (314 km) Verde River . The Salt's headwaters tributaries, the Black River and East Fork, increase

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876-581: Is also produced here. All of the boysenberry , half of the elderberry (along with Yavapai ), and a small amount of the state's blackberry and strawberry are harvested here. A large part of the vegetable seed in Arizona is grown here. 33°30′50″N 112°28′33″W  /  33.51389°N 112.47583°W  / 33.51389; -112.47583 Salt River (Arizona) The Salt River ( Spanish : Río Salado , O'odham [Pima] : Onk Akimel , Yavapai : Hakanyacha or Hakathi: , Maricopa language : Va Shly'ay )

949-450: Is home to 62 percent of the state's population and therefore dominates Arizona's politics. For example, in the 2018 Senate election , Democrat Kyrsten Sinema carried the county en route to becoming the first Democrat to win a Senate seat in Arizona since 1988 . She won the county by over 60,000 votes, more than enough for the victory; she won statewide by 55,900 votes. All but one of the state's nine congressional districts include part of

1022-562: Is the site of the Initial Survey point for Arizona, the Gila and Salt River Meridian . The Salt River formerly flowed through its entire course year-round. However, the free-flowing river would frequently flood, including a massive flood in 1891 . This flood, as well as others, led to the construction of several dams, beginning with the Theodore Roosevelt Dam, have caused the river to become intermittent in many parts. Despite

1095-723: The Phoenix Gazette called "the greatest manhunt in Arizona history." Most escapees were recaptured because of hunger, the cold and rainy weather, and being unfamiliar with the terrain. Many surrendered within the first few days after escaping, but a few others held out for much longer. On January 1, 1945, two unnamed prisoners were captured by Papago scouts less than 48 km (30 miles) from the Mexican border. Soon after, Captain Lieutenants Friedrich Guggenberger and Jürgen Quaet-Faslem were captured within 16 km (10 miles) of

1168-843: The Four Peaks Wilderness , near the Four Peaks . A few miles downstream of Stewart Mountain Dam, the last of the four Salt River Project dams, the Verde River joins the Salt from the north. Fountain Hills is located a few miles to the northwest. The Salt River Pima-Maricopa Indian Community is located near the Verde–Salt confluence. The Tonto National Forest ends a couple miles below the Verde River confluence, and

1241-491: The Kriegsmarine . The camp consisted of five separate compounds; one for officers and the rest for enlisted men. At its peak, the population of the camp was about 3,100, excluding the 371 American guards and officers. Camp Papago Park was a typical prison camp in terms of appearance, surrounded by barbed wire and watch towers , but it was unusual in that prisoners were not required to work or study. To combat boredom, many of

1314-748: The Roman Catholic Diocese of Phoenix with 519,950 Catholics and 99 parishes, and 9 additional eastern rite Catholic parishes. This is followed by 242,732 LDS Mormons with 503 congregations, 213,640 non-denominational adherents with 309 congregations, 93,252 Assembly of God Pentecostals with 120 congregations, 73,207 Southern Baptists with 149 congregations, 35,804 Christian churches and churches of Christ Christians with 29 congregations, 30,014 Evangelical Lutherans with 47 congregations, 28,634 UMC Methodists with 55 congregations, 18,408 Missouri Synod Lutherans with 34 congregations, and 15,001 Presbyterians with 42 congregations. Altogether, 39.1% of

1387-605: The Royal Navy in September 1942. Because by that date the United States and Germany were at war, the British transferred Wattenberg and his crew into American custody. According to author Cecil Owen, "Wattenberg was shuffled from one camp to another, for nobody wanted to keep him. He was considered a ' Super Nazi ' because he caused trouble everywhere he was sent. Finally he was transferred to Papago Park prisoner of war camp, in

1460-531: The Salt River Project . The river's water is distributed over more than 1,000 miles (1,600 km) of irrigation canals, used primarily for the growing of cotton , alfalfa , fruit, and vegetables. North American beavers ( Castor canadensis ) historically flourished on the river. In an historical account, George C. Yount, a fur trapper with the Pattie expedition, wrote on 1 February 1863, "...we began to ascend

1533-502: The Salt River Project . The water is used by the Phoenix metropolitan area for municipal, industrial, and agricultural purposes. The storage capacity of the reservoirs is 2,910,200 acre-feet (3.5897 × 10  m ) for Roosevelt, 245,100 acre-feet (302,300,000 m ) for Apache, 57,900 acre-feet (71,400,000 m ) for Canyon, and 69,800 acre-feet (86,100,000 m ) for Saguaro. As the Salt River passes through its reservoirs, it flows by

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1606-428: The census of 2000, 3,072,149 people, 1,132,886 households, and 763,565 families were living in the county. The population density was 334 people/sq mi (129 people/km ). The 1,250,231 housing units averaged of 136 per square mile (53/km ). The racial makeup of the county was 77.4% White, 3.7% African American, 1.9% Native American, 2.2% Asian, 12.0% from other races, and 2.9% from two or more races. About 29.5% of

1679-490: The 7th is primarily Tucson -based. †Member was originally appointed to the office. School districts with territory in the county (no matter how slight, even if the administration and schools are in other counties) include: Unified: Secondary: Elementary: There is also a state-operated school, Phoenix Day School for the Deaf . The Phoenix Indian School was formerly in the county. The major primary commercial airport of

1752-454: The Americans to give his men tools, such as shovels, ostensibly for work in their gardens and the construction of a volleyball field, but really for use in the tunnel. Because Arizona's soil is known for being rocky and compact, the Americans never expected that the Germans might use the tools for digging a tunnel. They assigned the prisoners two shovels and two rakes, which were to be turned in at

1825-498: The Arizona desert." Wattenberg was not alone though: The American commander of the camp made the mistake of putting all of the most troublesome and escape-prone inmates in the officers' compound together, instead of dispersing them. The camp's provost marshal , Captain Cecil Parshall, was the only one to see a problem with this arrangement. Parshall pointed out that there was a spot in the officer's compound that could not be seen from

1898-541: The Black River [Salt River]... We found it to abound with beavers... We followed up this stream to where it forks in the mountains; that is to say, about 80 miles from its mouth." In 2022, fish kill was caused in three lakes by golden algae . There are turbidity problems along many stream reaches in Salt River's watershed; these are related to rangeland management , recreation, mining, sand and gravel operations, and other sources. High levels of fecal coliform bacteria and ammonia have been reported for Carrizo Creek and

1971-666: The Black River, forms the boundary between the Fort Apache Indian Reservation to the north and the San Carlos Apache Indian Reservation to the south. The Salt River is fed by numerous perennial streams that start as springs and seeps along the Mogollon Rim and in the White Mountains. The Salt River is perennial from its tributary headwaters to Granite Reef Diversion Dam near Mesa . From

2044-581: The Black and White confluence, the Salt River flows generally west and southwest. It is joined by Carrizo Creek, a 25-mile (40 km) perennial stream, and then flows through the Salt River Canyon . Cibecue Creek, a 36-mile (58 km) perennial stream, joins the river in the canyon, flowing from the north through the Fort Apache Reservation. Between Carrizo and Cibecue creeks, the Salt River becomes

2117-557: The Camp Papago Park escapees were only limited to bread and water rations for as many days as they were absent from camp. None of the American guards were seriously punished, but the FBI launched an investigation into lax security at Arizona's prisoner of war camps. Today, the site of Camp Papago Park is used in part as an Arizona National Guard base. The Arizona Military Museum , located on

2190-569: The Germans volunteered to work, and were assigned as laborers in the nearby cotton fields and the like. Many of the men in the officers' compound were U-boat sailors, including the commander, Captain Jürgen Wattenberg , who was the highest-ranking German prisoner at the camp. He was a veteran of the Battle of the River Plate , as well as the commander of U-162 , which was sunk off Trinidad by

2263-518: The Salt River Project. Below the diversion dam, the bed of the Salt River is dry, except following rain or upstream runoff. The USGS stream gage at 51st Avenue, Phoenix, records no flow at all on many days—in 2009, for example, there was no flow for most of the year, except during parts of February and March when the river's discharge reached an average of 87 cubic feet per second (2.5 m /s). The diversion capacity at Granite Reef Diversion Dam

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2336-525: The Salt River enters the eastern edge of the greater Phoenix metropolitan area. Less than 1 ⁄ 2 mile (0.80 km) from the national forest boundary, the Granite Reef Diversion Dam diverts all remaining water in the Salt River into the Arizona Canal and Southern Canal, which deliver drinking and irrigation water to much of the Phoenix metropolitan area. The dam and canals are part of

2409-654: The Salt River, to the Gila River , to the Colorado River , and into the Gulf of California . But they found there was very little water in the Salt River and they abandoned the raft after a short time. The others split up into pairs and small groups and went separate ways, avoiding trains and buses. By 7:00 PM on December 24, Captain Parshall was certain that some prisoners were missing. Soon after, several hundred soldiers, FBI agents, and Papago Indian scouts were mobilized for what

2482-445: The United States. While the city of Phoenix has been evenly split between the two major parties, most of the rest of the county was strongly Republican . Until 2020 , every Republican presidential candidate since 1952 had carried Maricopa County. This includes the 1964 presidential run of native son Barry Goldwater , who would not have carried his own state had it not been for a 21,000-vote margin in Maricopa County. Until 2020, it

2555-656: The White River. In ancient times, the river was home to the Salado culture and the Hohokam culture . The Akimel O'odham , also known as the Pima people , lived along the Salt River and dug canals, using irrigation to provide water to their villages and farms in the arid environment. The river was known to the authorities of New Spain as the Río Salado . The United States government recognized

2628-408: The base, features a display describing the camp and the story of the escape. Maricopa County, Arizona Maricopa County ( / ˌ m ær ɪ ˈ k oʊ p ə / ) is a county in the south-central part of the U.S. state of Arizona . As of the 2020 census the population was 4,420,568, or about 62% of the state's total, making it the fourth-most populous county in the United States and

2701-539: The bathhouse east to the Cross Cut Canal, with a 6-foot (1.8 m) vertical entrance shaft. They made related preparations. Wattenberg managed to secure new clothing and fake documents for his men, including contact information for people in Mexico who would help them get back to Germany. He also rationed food in order to save some for the escape, and made arrangements to have other prisoners who were staying behind to create

2774-411: The board consists of four Republicans and one Democrat. Each member serves a four-year term, with no term limits. The Maricopa County Sheriff's Office provides court protection, administers the county jail, and patrols the unincorporated areas of the county plus incorporated towns by contract. For much of the time after World War II , Maricopa County was one of the more conservative urban counties in

2847-477: The border. Günther, Clarus, and Utzolino, were caught on January 8 after the latter decided that a canal near the town of Gila Bend would be a good place to wash his underwear. Some cowboys spotted the group at the canal and alerted the military. The final holdout was Captain Wattenberg, who was captured over a month after the escape on January 28, 1945. Instead of heading south, Wattenberg and two of his subordinates, Walter Kozur and Johann Kremer, made shelter in

2920-632: The boundary between the Tonto National Forest on the south and the Fort Apache Reservation on the north. Another perennial stream joins from the north, 46-mile (74 km) long Canyon Creek , followed by Cherry Creek . Just downstream from the Salt's confluence with Medicine Creek, a portion of the Tonto National Forest is designated the Salt River Canyon Wilderness . The Salt River forms the northern and western boundary of

2993-466: The county has a total area of 9,224 sq mi (23,890 km ), of which 24 sq mi (62 km ) (0.3%) is covered by water. Maricopa County is one of the largest counties in the United States by area , with a land area greater than that of four other US states . From west to east, it stretches 132 miles (212 km), and 103 miles (166 km) from north to south. It is by far Arizona's most populous county, encompassing well over half of

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3066-785: The county is Phoenix Sky Harbor International Airport ( PHX ). Other airports located in the county include: In terms of freight rail, the Union Pacific Railroad and the Burlington Northern Santa Fe Railroad serve the county. In terms of passenger rail, greater Phoenix is served by a light rail system . The county has no other passenger rail transport as Amtrak 's Sunset Limited , which served Phoenix until June 2, 1996, has its closest stop in Maricopa in neighboring Pinal County . The train connects Maricopa to Tucson , Los Angeles , and New Orleans three times

3139-867: The county was $ 27,816. About 10.0% of families and 13.9% of the population were below the poverty line , including 19.8% of those under age 18 and 7.0% of those age 65 or over. According to data provided by the United States Census Bureau in October 2015 and collected from 2009 to 2013, 73.7% of the population aged five years and over spoke only English at home, while 20.3% spoke Spanish, 0.6% spoke Chinese, 0.5% Vietnamese, 0.4% Tagalog , 0.4% Arabic, 0.4% German, 0.3% French, 0.3% Navajo , 0.2% Korean, 0.2% Hindi , 0.2% Italian, 0.1% Persian , 0.1% Russian, 0.1% Serbo-Croatian , 0.1% Telugu , 0.1% Polish, 0.1% Syriac , 0.1% Japanese, 0.1% spoke Romanian, and 0.1% spoke other Native North American languages at home. As of

3212-426: The county was 73.0% white (58.7% non-Hispanic white), 5.0% African American, 3.5% Asian, 2.1% American Indian, 0.2% Pacific islander, 12.8% from other races, and 3.5% from two or more races. Those of Hispanic or Latino origin made up 29.6% of the population. The largest ancestry groups were: Of the 1,411,583 households, 35.1% had children under 18 living with them, 47.8% were married couples living together, 12.4% had

3285-450: The county, and five of the districts have their population center located there. Most of the state's prominent elected officials live in the county. Further underlining Maricopa County's political dominance, Biden's margin of 45,109 votes was more than enough to carry the state; he only won Arizona by 10,457 votes. The 1st, 3rd, 4th, 5th and 8th districts are all centered in Maricopa County. The 2nd and 9th are centered in rural Arizona, while

3358-533: The county. This makes Maricopa County the third county in American history to cast more than one million votes for a presidential candidate. The county is also a statewide bellwether, voting for the statewide winning candidate in all elections except 1996. Despite its consistent Republican allegiance since 1952, its fast-growing Hispanic population and influx of conservative retirees and Mormons , which were traditionally conservative voting blocs but were increasingly skeptical of President Donald Trump , signaled that it

3431-592: The date of the escape was set for Saturday, December 23, 1944. The escape began at 9:00 PM on December 23. By 2:30 AM on December 24, Wattenberg and twenty-four other men had made it through the tunnel without alarming the guards. Inside the Cross Cut Canal, the Germans headed south toward the Salt River . Captain Wilhelm Günther and Lieutenants Wolfgang Clarus and Friedrich Utzolino built a collapsible raft out of wood and scraps of rubber, hoping to float their way down

3504-473: The dirt down the toilets, hid it in the attics, or dropped it down their pant legs into the gardens, but after the tunnel started getting long they began spreading it out on the volleyball field. The Americans never noticed the disturbed dirt. Because the volleyball field was under construction, the guards became used to seeing piles of dirt and thought nothing of them. When the Germans completed their tunnel on December 20, it measured 178 feet (54 m) long, from

3577-423: The dry river bed, or arroyo , dangerous flash floods occasionally occur, especially during monsoon storms in late July and early August. Flood waters can wash out roads. Bridges have been damaged, notably in 1980, 1993, and 2005. The natural flow of the Salt is 2,570 cubic feet per second (73 m /s) at its mouth. However, except after rainfall, the Salt is dry or a small stream below Granite Reef Dam. The river

3650-413: The end of every day. Work on the tunnel began sometime in September 1944 and was carried out by three groups of three men, who worked for ninety-minute shifts during the night. One man would dig with a pick and coal shovel, the second would gather the dirt with a bucket, and the third would pull the dirt out of the shaft and keep watch. A fourth group would get rid of the dirt. At first, the Germans flushed

3723-455: The exception of Tempe Town Lake , the riverbed winding through the cities is usually dry, except when heavy rains upstream force Stewart Mountain Dam to release more water than can be diverted at Granite Reef Dam. The Salt River joins the Gila on the southwestern edge of Phoenix, approximately 15 miles (24 km) from the center of the city. Monument Hill overlooks the confluence of the two rivers and

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3796-490: The first locally transmitted case of dengue fever was reported in the County and Arizona state as a whole - previous dengue cases in Maricopa County had been related to travel. As of the 2010 census , 3,817,117 people, 1,411,583 households, and 932,814 families were living in the county. The population density was 414.9/sq mi (160.2/km ). The 1,639,279 housing units averaged 178.2/sq mi (68.8/km ). The racial makeup of

3869-628: The first of four reservoirs on the river. Tonto Creek joins the Salt River in Theodore Roosevelt Lake. Below Theodore Roosevelt Dam , the Salt River passes through the canyon between the Mazatzal Mountains and the Superstition Mountains and is impounded by Horse Mesa Dam (forming Apache Lake ) then Mormon Flat Dam (forming Canyon Lake ) then Stewart Mountain Dam (forming Saguaro Lake ). These four reservoirs are part of

3942-473: The food he would either join a work detail and escape again, or send it out with another worker. This continued until January 22, when a surprise inspection revealed Kremer's presence in camp. Kremer must have given his captors information, because the next night Kozur was captured by three soldiers at the abandoned car used to hide the provisions. Four days later, on January 27, 1945, Wattenberg cleaned up and hiked into Phoenix. He had 75¢, most of which he spent on

4015-471: The guard towers, making it ideal for an escape. He also said that the "German [prisoners] were a fine bunch of men, smart as hell, [a]nd it made no sense to put the smartest of them in Compound 1 [officer's compound]. I knew they would discover that blind spot." Wattenberg began planning an escape as soon as he arrived at the camp, and he chose the blind spot to be the site of the tunnel's entrance. The blind spot

4088-499: The most populous county in Arizona, and making Arizona one of the nation's most centralized states. The county seat is Phoenix , the state capital and fifth-most populous city in the United States. Maricopa County is the central county of the Phoenix–Mesa–Chandler Metropolitan Statistical Area . The Office of Management and Budget renamed the metropolitan area in September 2018. Previously, it

4161-469: The peace, and clerk of the Superior Court are elected by the people. Retention of Superior Court judges is also determined by popular vote. The county's dominant political figure for over two decades (from 1993 to 2017) was Sheriff Joe Arpaio , who called himself "America's Toughest Sheriff" and gained national notoriety for his flamboyant and often controversial practices and policies. Maricopa County

4234-477: The population was claimed as members by religious congregations, although members of historically African-American denominations were underrepresented due to incomplete information. In 2014, the county had 1,177 religious organizations, the fifth most out of all US counties. The governing body of Maricopa County is its board of supervisors. The Maricopa County Board of Supervisors consists of five members chosen by popular vote within their own districts. As of 2023

4307-406: The population were Hispanics or Latinos of any race. About 19.1% reported speaking Spanish at home. Of the 1,132,886 households, 33.0% had children under 18 living with them, 51.6% were married couples living together, 10.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 32.6% were not families. About 24.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.9% had someone living alone who

4380-768: The river's total length to about 300 miles (480 km). The name Salt River comes from the river's course over large salt deposits shortly after the merging of the White and Black Rivers. According to the Geographic Names Information System , the Salt River has also been known as: The Salt River is formed by the confluence of the White River and the Black River in the White Mountains of eastern Gila County. The White and Black rivers, and other tributaries of

4453-495: The state and do not have charters of their own. The county Board of Supervisors acts under powers delegated by state law, mainly related to minor ordinances and revenue collection. With few exceptions, these powers are narrowly construed. The chairperson of the board presides for a one-year term, selected by the board members during a public hearing. The county sheriff, county attorney, county assessor, county treasurer, superintendent of schools, county recorder, constables, justices of

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4526-534: The state's melon , okra , and bell pepper are also grown here. Almost all the apricot , freestone peach , persimmon , and nectarine in the state are grown here. The county also ties for the highest amount of cling peach with Cochise , along with Pima produces almost all the pomegranate , and grows most of the kumquat . Maricopa's farms grow a middling amount of fig , grape ( Vitis spp. including V. vinifera ), and pear ( Pyrus spp.) other than Bartlett . A small amount of plum

4599-577: The state's residents. It is the largest county in the United States to have a capital city. Maricopa County has 14 regional parks: It also has at least 21 protected areas: From 2009 to 2011, an inventory of all vascular plants growing along the Salt River (Arizona) , Gila River , New River and Agua Fria River and their tributaries in the Phoenix metropolitan area was done. In October 2022, Maricopa County Environmental Services Department detected Dengue virus in mosquitoes they had trapped; in November

4672-411: The state, including far more cabbage , collards , and mustard greens , and far more eggplant and greenhouse production of tomato . Slightly more kale is grown here than Yavapai , and a close second to Yuma for broccoli , cauliflower , and spinach , and to Yavapai for field tomato . The county is top for parsley and is tied with Pima for other fresh herbs . Some of

4745-1004: The territory of the Pima people by way of executive order signed by President Rutherford B. Hayes . A subsequent executive order also signed by President Hayes reduced the size of the Salt River portion of the reserve from approximately 680,000 acres to 46,627 acres. Today the Salt River Pima–Maricopa Indian Community live alongside the bank of the Salt River maintaining their traditions and way of life from before European colonization. Cherry Creek to Roosevelt Lake : Paved, gravel and trail access, live bait fish (restrictions in effect), no motors allowed, primitive parking area, camping allowed, area mostly inaccessible. Below Saguaro Lake : Paved and dirt access, live bait fish, swimming, no motors allowed, parking area, tables, restrooms, camping allowed. Several camp and picnic areas, drained in winter. The above facilities are maintained by

4818-682: The upper Salt River, drain the region between the Mogollon Rim in the north and the Natanes Mountains and Natanes Plateau to the east and south. Tributaries of the Salt River also drain the Sierra Ancha and Mazatzal Mountains . The White and Black rivers drain the White Mountains in the Fort Apache Indian Reservation . Together the two rivers drain an area of about 1,900 square miles (4,900 km ). The Salt River, along with

4891-440: The wilderness for several miles, after which the national forest and wilderness occupy both sides of the river. Continuing its westward course, the Salt River is joined by Pinal Creek from the south, just before leaving the Salt River Canyon Wilderness. The river continues to flow through the Tonto National Forest until leaving the mountains near Mesa. Below the Pinal Creek confluence, the Salt River enters Theodore Roosevelt Lake ,

4964-407: Was 65 or older. The average household size was 2.67, and the average family size was 3.21. The age distribution in the county was 27.0% under 18, 10.2% from 18 to 24, 31.4% from 25 to 44, 19.8% from 45 to 64, and 11.7% who were 65 or older. The median age was 33 years. For every 100 females, there were 100.10 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 98.10 males. The median income for

5037-412: Was a crucial bellwether in the 2020 election. Despite its political leanings at the time, Maricopa County voted against Proposition 107 in the 2006 election. This referendum, designed to ban gay marriage and restrict domestic partner benefits, was rejected by a 51.6–48.4% margin within the county, and statewide by a similar margin. Two years later, however, a majority of county residents voted to pass

5110-434: Was formerly navigable throughout its course by small craft. The river is still navigable in the majority of the area where it still carries water. The river was used for irrigation by the pre-Columbian Hohokam culture, by later Native Americans , and by early Euro-American settlers in the 19th century. It currently provides a major source of irrigation and drinking water for Phoenix and surrounding communities through

5183-406: Was next to a bathhouse, the structure closest to the camp's eastern perimeter. Wattenberg had his men start the tunnel from inside the building. When the Germans went to take a shower, they could easily enter the tunnel to dig instead. To hide the entrance of the tunnel, the Germans removed part of the wooden wall inside the bathhouse and placed a large box full of coal in front of it. Wattenberg asked

5256-615: Was the Phoenix–Mesa–Glendale metropolitan area, and in 2000, that was changed to Phoenix–Mesa–Scottsdale. Maricopa County was named after the Maricopa people . Five Indian reservations are located in the county. The largest are the Salt River Pima–Maricopa Indian Community (east of Scottsdale) and the Gila River Indian Community (south of Chandler). According to the United States Census Bureau ,

5329-518: Was the largest county in the country to vote Republican. From 1968 to 2016 , Democrats held the margin within single digits only three times–in 1992 , 1996 , and 2016. In 2020, Joe Biden became the first Democrat in 72 years to win the county, which flipped Arizona to the Democratic column for the first time since 1996 and only the second time since 1948 . Furthermore, Biden became the first presidential candidate to win more than one million votes in

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