73-612: Granges-Paccot ( French: [ɡʁɑ̃ʒ pako] ; Arpitan : Granges-Pacot [ˈɡʁɑ̃dzɛ ˈpako] is a municipality in the district of Sarine in the canton of Fribourg in Switzerland . Granges-Paccot is first mentioned in 1317 as Grangiarum ante la mota dicti castri . The municipality was formerly known by its German name Zur Schüren , however, that name is no longer used. Granges-Paccot has an area, as of 2009, of 4 square kilometers (1.5 sq mi). Of this area, 1.82 km (0.70 sq mi) or 45.5%
146-482: A Tertiary school or continue their apprenticeship . During the 2010–11 school year, there were a total of 300 students attending 20 classes in Granges-Paccot. A total of 487 students from the municipality attended any school, either in the municipality or outside of it. There were 3 kindergarten classes with a total of 56 students in the municipality. The municipality had 9 primary classes and 154 students. During
219-428: A hotel or restaurant, 15 or 0.7% were in the information industry, 80 or 4.0% were the insurance or financial industry, 151 or 7.5% were technical professionals or scientists, 195 or 9.7% were in education and 13 or 0.6% were in health care. In 2000, there were 1,820 workers who commuted into the municipality and 933 workers who commuted away. The municipality is a net importer of workers, with about 2.0 workers entering
292-488: A much more conservative estimate of speakers in Aosta Valley at 40,000, with 20,000 using the language on a daily basis. In 2018, other linguistic academics estimated the number of speakers of Franco-provençal in Aosta Valley to be between 21,000 and 70,000, depending on whether one would choose the number of speakers designating Franco-provençal as their native language, or whether one included all those declaring they knew
365-504: A neighbouring area, known in English as Burgundy ( French : Bourgogne ). Other areas also had historical or political claims to such names, especially (Meune, 2007). Some contemporary speakers and writers prefer the name Arpitan because it underscores the independence of the language and does not imply a union to any other established linguistic group. "Arpitan" is derived from an indigenous word meaning "alpine" ("mountain highlands"). It
438-399: A rate of 26.7%. Migration accounted for 13.1%, while births and deaths accounted for 10.3%. Most of the population (as of 2000) speaks French (1,552 or 76.0%) as their first language, German is the second most common (304 or 14.9%) and Italian is the third (46 or 2.3%). There are 2 people who speak Romansh . As of 2008, the population was 51.2% male and 48.8% female. The population
511-511: A regional law passed by the government in Aosta requires educators to promote knowledge of Franco-Provençal language and culture in the school curriculum. Several cultural groups, libraries, and theatre companies are fostering a sense of ethnic pride with their active use of the Valdôtain dialect as well (EUROPA, 2005). Paradoxically, the same federal laws do not grant the language the same protection in
584-427: A total of 835 apartments (91.7% of the total) were permanently occupied, while 63 apartments (6.9%) were seasonally occupied and 13 apartments (1.4%) were empty. As of 2009, the construction rate of new housing units was 20.2 new units per 1000 residents. The vacancy rate for the municipality, in 2010, was 1.72%. The historical population is given in the following chart: The Viaduc De Grandfey (Grandfey Bridge), which
657-432: A type of language that brings together, along with some characteristics which are its own, characteristics partly in common with French, and partly in common with Provençal, and are not caused by a late confluence of diverse elements, but on the contrary, attests to its own historical independence, little different from those by which the principal neo-Latin [Romance] languages distinguish themselves from one another. Although
730-575: Is "probable" that the language will be "on the road to extinction" in this region in ten years. In 2005, the European Commission wrote that an approximate 68,000 people spoke the language in the Aosta Valley region of Italy, according to reports compiled after the 2003 linguistic survey conducted by the Fondation Chanoux. In 2010, anthropologist and ethnologist Christiane Dunoyer proposed
803-579: Is also spoken in the Alpine valleys around Turin and in two isolated towns ( Faeto and Celle di San Vito ) in Apulia . In France, it is one of the three Gallo-Romance language families of the country (alongside the langues d'oïl and the langues d'oc ). Though it is a regional language of France , its use in the country is marginal. Still, organizations are attempting to preserve it through cultural events, education, scholarly research, and publishing. Although
SECTION 10
#1732869752394876-520: Is currently most spoken in Aosta Valley, with Valdôtain having the greatest population of active daily speakers. A 2001 survey of 7,250 people by the Fondation Émile Chanoux revealed that 15% of all Aosta Valley residents claimed Franco-Provençal as their mother tongue, a substantial reduction to the figures reported on the Italian census 20 years earlier (and used in the 2001 European Commission report). At
949-420: Is followed by three years of obligatory lower Secondary school where the students are separated according to ability and aptitude. Following the lower Secondary students may attend a three or four year optional upper Secondary school. The upper Secondary school is divided into gymnasium (university preparatory) and vocational programs. After they finish the upper Secondary program, students may choose to attend
1022-518: Is no single official standard that covers Franco-Provençal as a whole. The orthographies in use include the following: The table below compares a few words in each writing system, with French and English for reference. (Sources: Esprit Valdôtain (download 7 March 2007), C.C.S. Conflans (1995), and Stich (2003). Christian Democratic People%27s Party of Switzerland The Christian Democratic People's Party of Switzerland ( German : Christlichdemokratische Volkspartei der Schweiz , CVP), also called
1095-496: Is now based in Fribourg. In 2010 SIL adopted the name "Arpitan" as the primary name of the language in ISO 639-3 , with "Francoprovençal" as an additional name form. Native speakers call this language patouès (patois) or nosta moda ("our way [of speaking]"). Some Savoyard speakers call their language sarde . This is a colloquial term used because their ancestors were subjects of
1168-630: Is shared with Düdingen, is listed as a Swiss heritage site of national significance . In the 2011 federal election the most popular party was the SPS which received 30.6% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the CVP (21.1%), the SVP (20.7%) and the FDP (8.0%). The SPS received about the same percentage of the vote as they did in the 2007 Federal election (31.1% in 2007 vs 30.6% in 2011). The CVP retained about
1241-702: Is the same as for French nouns; however, there are many exceptions. A few examples follow: lo trabalh (masc.) la besogne (fem.), le travail (masc.), le labeur (masc.) Verbs in Group 1a end in -ar ( côsar , "to speak"; chantar , "to sing"); Group 1b end in -ier ( mengier , "to eat"); Groups 2a & 2b end in -ir ( finir , "to finish"; venir , "to come"), Group 3a end in -êr ( dêvêr , "to owe"), and Group 3b end in -re ( vendre , "to sell"). The consonants and vowel sounds in Franco-Provençal: There
1314-530: Is used for agricultural purposes, while 0.61 km (0.24 sq mi) or 15.3% is forested. Of the rest of the land, 1.24 km (0.48 sq mi) or 31.0% is settled (buildings or roads), 0.31 km (0.12 sq mi) or 7.8% is either rivers or lakes. Of the built up area, industrial buildings made up 3.8% of the total area while housing and buildings made up 11.5% and transportation infrastructure made up 11.5%. Power and water infrastructure as well as other special developed areas made up 2.3% of
1387-615: The langues d'oc group ( Provençal ) and gave Franco-Provençal its name. Ascoli (1878, p. 61) described the language in these terms in his defining essay on the subject: Chiamo franco-provenzale un tipo idiomatico, il quale insieme riunisce, con alcuni caratteri specifici, più altri caratteri, che parte son comuni al francese, parte lo sono al provenzale, e non proviene già da una confluenza di elementi diversi, ma bensì attesta sua propria indipendenza istorica, non guari dissimili da quella per cui fra di loro si distinguono gli altri principali tipi neo-latini. I call Franco-Provençal
1460-610: The Christian Democratic Party ( French : Parti démocrate-chrétien , PDC), Democratic People's Party ( Italian : Partito Popolare Democratico , PPD) and Swiss Christian Democratic Party ( Romansh : Partida cristiandemocratica Svizra , PCD), was a Christian democratic political party in Switzerland . On 1 January 2021, it merged with the Conservative Democratic Party of Switzerland (BDP/PBD) to form The Centre , which now operates at
1533-623: The Kingdom of Sardinia ruled by the House of Savoy until Savoie and Haute-Savoie were annexed by France in 1860. The language is called gaga in France's Forez region and appears in the titles of dictionaries and other regional publications. Gaga (and the adjective gagasse ) comes from a local name for the residents of Saint-Étienne , popularized by Auguste Callet's story " La légende des Gagats " published in 1866. The historical linguistic domain of
SECTION 20
#17328697523941606-474: The Linguasphere Observatory (Dalby, 1999/2000, p. 402) follows: A philological classification for Franco-Provençal published by Ruhlen (1987, pp. 325–326) is as follows: Franco-Provençal emerged as a Gallo-Romance variety of Latin . The linguistic region comprises east-central France, western portions of Switzerland, and the Aosta Valley of Italy with the adjacent alpine valleys of
1679-561: The Piedmont . This area covers territories once occupied by pre-Roman Celts , including the Allobroges , Sequani , Helvetii , Ceutrones , and Salassi . By the fifth century, the region was controlled by the Burgundians . Federico Krutwig has also suggested a Basque substrate in the toponyms of the easternmost Valdôtain dialect . Franco-Provençal is first attested in manuscripts from
1752-527: The Province of Turin because there Franco-Provençal speakers make up less than 15% of the population. Lack of jobs has resulted in their migration from the Piedmont's alpine valleys, and contributed to the language's decline. Switzerland does not recognize Romand (not be confused with Romansh ) as one of its official languages . Speakers live in western cantons where Swiss French predominates; they converse in
1825-697: The langues d'oc , in France, as well as Rhaeto-Romance in Switzerland and Italy). Even with all its distinct dialects counted together, the number of Franco-Provençal speakers has been declining significantly and steadily. According to UNESCO , Franco-Provençal was already in 1995 a "potentially endangered language" in Italy and an " endangered language " in Switzerland and France. Ethnologue classifies it as "nearly extinct". The designation Franco-Provençal (Franco-Provençal: francoprovençâl ; French : francoprovençal ; Italian : francoprovenzale ) dates to
1898-467: The political spectrum , advocating Christian democracy , the social market economy and moderate social conservatism . The party was strongest in Catholic rural areas, particularly Central Switzerland and Valais . The Catholic-Conservative Party of Switzerland ( German : Katholisch-Konservative Partei der Schweiz ) was founded in 1912. From 1919 on, the party occupied two out of the seven seats in
1971-400: The secondary sector and there were 30 businesses in this sector. 2,474 people were employed in the tertiary sector , with 159 businesses in this sector. There were 1,176 residents of the municipality who were employed in some capacity, of which females made up 45.5% of the workforce. In 2008 the total number of full-time equivalent jobs was 2,438. The number of jobs in the primary sector
2044-498: The " languages of France ", but its constitution bars it from ratifying the 1992 European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages (ECRML) that would guarantee certain rights to Franco-Provencal. This language has almost no political support in France and it is associated with generally low social status. This situation affects most regional languages that comprise the linguistic wealth of France. Speakers of regional languages are aging and live in mostly rural areas. Franco-Provençal
2117-514: The 12th century, possibly diverging from the langues d'oïl as early as the eighth–ninth centuries (Bec, 1971). However, Franco-Provençal is consistently typified by a strict, myopic comparison to French, and so is characterized as "conservative". Thus, commentators such as Désormaux consider "medieval" the terms for many nouns and verbs, including pâta "rag", bayâ "to give", moussâ "to lie down", all of which are conservative only relative to French. As an example, Désormaux, writing on this point in
2190-515: The 1950s, having three members of the Federal Council (1954–1958) before agreeing to the magic formula . It adopted its current name in 1970. From 1979 to 2003 , the party's vote declined, mostly in the favour of the Swiss People's Party (SVP/UDC); the party was reduced to one Federal Councillor at the 2003 Federal Council election . The party sat in the centre to centre-right of
2263-579: The 1990s, conservative voters from former strongholds of the CVP switched to vote for the right-wing populist Swiss People's Party . From the 1995 election to the 2019 election , the CVP's vote share decreased from 16.8% to 11.4%. After the 2003 election , Ruth Metzler of the CVP, was replaced by Christoph Blocher of the Swiss People's Party on the Federal Council , leaving the CVP with only one seat in
Granges-Paccot - Misplaced Pages Continue
2336-449: The 19th century. In the late 20th century, it was proposed that the language be referred to under the neologism Arpitan (Franco-Provençal: arpetan ; Italian : arpitano ), and its areal as Arpitania . The use of both neologisms remains very limited, with most academics using the traditional form (often written without the hyphen: Francoprovençal ), while language speakers refer to it almost exclusively as patois or under
2409-430: The Aosta Valley special powers to make its own decisions about certain matters. This resulted in growth in the region's economy and the population increased from 1951 to 1991, improving long-term prospects. Residents were encouraged to stay in the region and they worked to continue long-held traditions. The language was explicitly protected by a 1991 Italian presidential decree and a national law passed in 1999. Further,
2482-476: The CVP uphold rather centrist policies, stands in contrast to the traditional role of the CVP as the leading party in rather Catholic -dominated cantons of central Switzerland and the cantons of Valais . There, the electorate was mostly socially conservative . The CVP had three main policies in the political centre : Following continuing losses in the federal parliamentary elections until 2003, in December 2003,
2555-618: The Center" ( German : Die Mitte , CVP; French : Le Centre , PDC; Italian : il Centro , PPD; Romansh : il Center ) which is the name of the parliamentary group that the CVP shares with the other center-right parties, the Conservative Democratic Party of Switzerland and the Evangelical People's Party of Switzerland . The merger was ratified by a vote of the entire party in November 2020. Cantonal parties were not required to adopt
2628-519: The Cigliàje variety of this dialect in Brantford , Ontario . At its peak, the language was used daily by several hundred people. As of 2012 this community has dwindled to fewer than 50 daily speakers across three generations. In rural areas of the cantons of Valais and Fribourg in Switzerland, various dialects are spoken as a second language by about 7,000 residents (figures for Switzerland: Lewis, 2009). In
2701-508: The Conservative-Christian-Social People's Party ( German : Konservativ-Christlichsoziale Volkspartei ) and to its current name in 1970. In the ensuing decades, the Catholic voter base dissolved somewhat. The reduction of the voter base, in addition to less cohesion among politicians in the party, led to six successive losses in federal elections after 1980. The party lost its support over a number of years. Beginning in
2774-476: The Franco-Provençal language are: The Aosta Valley is the only region of the Franco-Provençal area where this language is still widely spoken as native by all age ranges of the population. Since 1948 several events have combined to stabilize the language ( Valdôtain dialect ) in this region. The constitution of Italy was amended to change the status of the former province to an autonomous region. This gives
2847-582: The Swiss Federal Council (executive body). In 2005, it held 20.7% of the seats in the Swiss Cantonal governments and 16.7% in the Swiss Cantonal parliaments (index "BADAC", weighted with the population and number of seats). At the last legislative national elections , 22 October 2007, the party won 14.6% of the popular vote and 31 out of 200 seats in the National Council lower house. This
2920-436: The adjacent province of Turin were estimated to be the home of another 22,000 speakers. Regis estimated the number of speakers in Piedmont in 2019 to be around 15,000. The Faetar and Cigliàje dialect was thought to be spoken by 1,400 people in an isolated pocket of the province of Foggia , in the southern Italian Apulia region. Beginning in 1951, strong emigration from the town of Celle Di San Vito to Canada established
2993-460: The area while parks, green belts and sports fields made up 2.0%. Out of the forested land, all of the forested land area is covered with heavy forests. Of the agricultural land, 31.8% is used for growing crops and 12.3% is pastures, while 1.5% is used for orchards or vine crops. All the water in the municipality is in lakes. The municipality is located in the Sarine district, north of Fribourg and on
Granges-Paccot - Misplaced Pages Continue
3066-445: The cabinet. Aided by the political climate of the postwar period, the party experienced its peak in the 1950s: It was represented by the biggest parliamentary delegation in the Federal Council , and from 1954 to 1958 the party occupied three out of seven seats in the cabinet. Nonetheless, the party had to relinquish the third seat in favor of the ' magic formula ', which was introduced to the cabinet in 1959. In 1957 it changed its name to
3139-585: The country's executive. CVP President Gerhard Pfister and BDP President Martin Landolt , the leader of the Conservative Democratic Party, had ongoing discussions about a merger throughout 2020. In 2020, Pfister announced that the national CVP would undergo a change in branding with a new name and logo as part of a merger with the BDP. The party proposed to change the name to "The Center" or "The Alliance of
3212-434: The culturally prestigious French. Franco-Provençal is an extremely fragmented language, with scores of highly peculiar local variations that never merged over time. The range of dialect diversity is far greater than that found in the langue d'oïl and Occitan regions. Comprehension of one dialect by speakers of another is often difficult. Nowhere is it spoken in a "pure form" and there is not a "standard reference language" that
3285-641: The dialects mainly as a second language. The use in agrarian daily life is rapidly disappearing. However, in a few isolated places the decline is considerably less steep. This is most notably the case for the Evolène dialect. Franco-Provençal has had a precipitous decline in France. The official language of the French Republic has been designated as French (article 2 of the Constitution of France ). The French government officially recognizes Franco-Provençal as one of
3358-612: The federal level. The Christian Democratic People's Party will continue to exist at the cantonal level as individual local and regional parties determine their status. Its 28 seats in the National Council and 13 seats in the Council of States were transferred to the new party, as was its sole seat on the Federal Council , held by Viola Amherd . The party was founded as the Catholic Conservative Party in 1912. It peaked in
3431-554: The foreword of his Savoyard dialect dictionary, states: The antiquated character of the Savoyard patois is striking. One can note it not only in phonetics and morphology, but also in the vocabulary, where one finds numerous words and directions that clearly disappeared from French. Franco-Provençal failed to garner the cultural prestige of its three more widely spoken neighbors: French, Occitan, and Italian. Communities where speakers lived were generally isolated from each other because of
3504-868: The language loss by generation was 90%, made up of: "the proportion of fathers who did not usually speak to their 5-year-old children in the language that their own father usually spoke in to them at the same age". This was a greater loss than undergone by any other language in France, a loss called "critical". The report estimated that fewer than 15,000 speakers in France were handing down some knowledge of Franco-Provençal to their children (figures for France: Héran, Filhon, & Deprez, 2002; figure 1, 1-C, p. 2). Note: The overview in this section follows Martin (2005), with all Franco-Provençal examples written in accordance with Orthographe de référence B (see "Orthography" section, below). Franco-Provençal has grammar similar to that of other Romance languages. In general, inflection by grammatical gender (masculine and feminine)
3577-404: The language, irrespective of native language considerations. That same year, academic Riccardo Regis calculated that there were 50,000 Franco-provençal speakers in Aosta Valley. The 2009 edition of ethnologue.com (Lewis, 2009) reported that there were 70,000 Franco-Provençal speakers in Italy. However, these figures are derived from the 1971 census. Outside of Aosta Valley, the alpine valleys of
3650-407: The left side of the river. The blazon of the municipal coat of arms is Per fess Or a semi Lion rampant issuant Azure langued Gules and of the last on a Bar wavy Argent a Fish nainaint of the second. Granges-Paccot has a population (as of December 2020) of 3,839. As of 2008, 26.3% of the population are resident foreign nationals. Over the last 10 years (2000–2010) the population has changed at
3723-422: The modern generic label used to identify the language may indicate. This explains why speakers use local terms to name it, such as Bressan, Forèzien, or Valdôtain, or simply patouès ("patois"). Only in recent years have speakers who are not specialists in linguistics become conscious of the language's collective identity. The language region was first recognized in the 19th century during advances in research into
SECTION 50
#17328697523943796-550: The mountains. In addition, the internal boundaries of the entire speech area were divided by wars and religious conflicts. France, Switzerland, the Franche-Comté (part of the Spanish Monarchy ), and the duchy, later kingdom, ruled by the House of Savoy politically divided the region. The strongest possibility for any dialect of Franco-Provençal to establish itself as a major language died when an edict , dated 6 January 1539,
3869-492: The municipality for every one leaving. Of the working population, 18.6% used public transportation to get to work, and 63.9% used a private car. From the 2000 census, 1,613 or 79.0% were Roman Catholic , while 172 or 8.4% belonged to the Swiss Reformed Church . Of the rest of the population, there were 23 members of an Orthodox church (or about 1.13% of the population), and there were 58 individuals (or about 2.84% of
3942-484: The municipality. Arpitan language Italy Switzerland Franco-Provençal (also Francoprovençal , Patois or Arpitan ) is a language within the Gallo-Romance family, originally spoken in east-central France , western Switzerland and northwestern Italy . Franco-Provençal has several distinct dialects and is separate from but closely related to neighbouring Romance dialects (the langues d'oïl and
4015-752: The name Franco-Provençal appears misleading, it continues to be used in most scholarly journals for the sake of continuity. Suppression of the hyphen between the two parts of the language name in French ( francoprovençal ) was generally adopted following a conference at the University of Neuchâtel in 1969; however, most English-language journals continue to use the traditional spelling. The name Romand has been in use regionally in Switzerland at least since 1424, when notaries in Fribourg were directed to write their minutes in both German and Rommant . It continues to appear in
4088-692: The name Franco-Provençal suggests it is a bridge dialect between French and the Provençal dialect of Occitan , it is a separate Gallo-Romance language that transitions into the Oïl languages Burgundian and Frainc-Comtou to the northwest, into Romansh to the east, into the Gallo-Italic Piemontese to the southeast, and finally into the Vivaro-Alpine dialect of Occitan to the southwest. The philological classification for Franco-Provençal published by
4161-550: The names of its distinct dialects ( Savoyard , Lyonnais , Gaga in Saint-Étienne , etc.). Formerly spoken throughout the Duchy of Savoy , Franco-Provençal is nowadays (as of 2016) spoken mainly in the Aosta Valley as a native language by all age ranges. All remaining areas of the Franco-Provençal language region show practice limited to higher age ranges, except for Evolène and other rural areas of French-speaking Switzerland . It
4234-402: The names of many Swiss cultural organizations today. The term "Romand" is also used by some professional linguists who feel that the compound word "Franco-Provençal" is "inappropriate". A proposal in the 1960s to call the language Burgundian (French: "burgondien" ) did not take hold, mainly because of the potential for confusion with an Oïl language known as Burgundian , which is spoken in
4307-438: The nature and structure of human speech. Graziadio Isaia Ascoli (1829–1907), a pioneering linguist , analyzed the unique phonetic and structural characteristics of numerous spoken dialects . In an article written about 1873 and published later, he offered a solution to existing disagreements about dialect frontiers and proposed a new linguistic region. He placed it between the langues d'oïl group of languages ( Franco ) and
4380-475: The new name if they do not wish to do so. Pfister estimated that a new center-right party could obtain up to 20% of the vote in future elections. In its party platform , the CVP described itself as a centrist party. The CVP fostered a social market economy in which a balance is struck between economic liberalism and social justice . The expansion of the party in the Protestant -dominated cantons, in which
4453-450: The other cantons of Romandie where Franco-Provençal dialects used to be spoken, they are now all but extinct. Until the mid-19th century, Franco-Provençal dialects were the most widely spoken language in their domain in France. Today, regional vernaculars are limited to a small number of speakers in secluded towns. A 2002 report by the INED ( Institut national d'études démographiques ) states that
SECTION 60
#17328697523944526-626: The party lost one of its two seats in the four-party coalition government, the Swiss Federal Council , to the Swiss People's Party . The CVP holds roughly 12% of the popular vote. After the national election in late 2003, it held 28 seats (out of 200) in the Swiss National Council (first chamber of the Swiss parliament); 15 (out of 46) in the Council of States (second chamber, and the largest party in this chamber) and 1 out of 7 seats in
4599-467: The population have completed non-mandatory upper secondary education , and 284 or (13.9%) have completed additional higher education (either university or a Fachhochschule ). Of the 284 who completed tertiary schooling, 56.0% were Swiss men, 26.1% were Swiss women, 11.6% were non-Swiss men and 6.3% were non-Swiss women. The Canton of Fribourg school system provides one year of non-obligatory Kindergarten , followed by six years of Primary school. This
4672-428: The population) who belonged to another Christian church. There were 58 (or about 2.84% of the population) who were Islamic . There were 14 individuals who were Buddhist and 6 individuals who were Hindu . 88 (or about 4.31% of the population) belonged to no church, are agnostic or atheist , and 37 individuals (or about 1.81% of the population) did not answer the question. In Granges-Paccot about 746 or (36.5%) of
4745-520: The population, while adults (20–64 years old) make up 66.1% and seniors (over 64 years old) make up 8.2%. As of 2000, there were 941 people who were single and never married in the municipality. There were 933 married individuals, 64 widows or widowers and 104 individuals who are divorced. As of 2000, there were 859 private households in the municipality, and an average of 2.4 persons per household. There were 280 households that consist of only one person and 57 households with five or more people. In 2000,
4818-557: The same popularity (23.2% in 2007), the SVP retained about the same popularity (18.6% in 2007) and the FDP retained about the same popularity (10.6% in 2007). A total of 533 votes were cast in this election, of which 10 or 1.9% were invalid. As of 2010, Granges-Paccot had an unemployment rate of 4.6%. As of 2008, there were 24 people employed in the primary economic sector and about 8 businesses involved in this sector. 432 people were employed in
4891-583: The same year, there were no lower secondary classes in the municipality, but 100 students attended lower secondary school in a neighboring municipality. There were no upper Secondary classes or vocational classes, but there were 62 upper Secondary students and 84 upper Secondary vocational students who attended classes in another municipality. The municipality had 8 non-university Tertiary classes, with 90 non-university Tertiary students. As of 2000, there were 105 students in Granges-Paccot who came from another municipality, while 158 residents attended schools outside
4964-486: The time, 55.77% of residents said they knew Franco-provençal and 50.53% said they knew French, Franco-provençal and Italian. This opened a discussion about the concept of mother tongue when concerning a dialect. The Aosta Valley was confirmed as the only area where Franco-provençal is actively spoken in the early 21st century. A report published by Laval University in Quebec City , which analyzed this data, reports that it
5037-410: Was 21, all of which were in agriculture. The number of jobs in the secondary sector was 412 of which 275 or (66.7%) were in manufacturing and 105 (25.5%) were in construction. The number of jobs in the tertiary sector was 2,005. In the tertiary sector; 768 or 38.3% were in wholesale or retail sales or the repair of motor vehicles, 15 or 0.7% were in the movement and storage of goods, 108 or 5.4% were in
5110-413: Was confirmed in the parliament of the Duchy of Savoy on 4 March 1540 (the duchy was partially occupied by France since 1538). The edict explicitly replaced Latin (and by implication, any other language) with French as the language of law and the courts (Grillet, 1807, p. 65). The name Franco-Provençal ( franco-provenzale ) is due to Graziadio Isaia Ascoli (1878), chosen because the dialect group
5183-506: Was made up of 927 Swiss men (36.5% of the population) and 373 (14.7%) non-Swiss men. There were 912 Swiss women (35.9%) and 329 (12.9%) non-Swiss women. Of the population in the municipality, 403 or about 19.7% were born in Granges-Paccot and lived there in 2000. There were 941 or 46.1% who were born in the same canton, while 281 or 13.8% were born somewhere else in Switzerland, and 381 or 18.7% were born outside of Switzerland. As of 2000, children and teenagers (0–19 years old) make up 25.7% of
5256-544: Was popularized in the 1980s by Mouvement Harpitanya , a political organization in the Aosta Valley . In the 1990s, the term lost its particular political context. The Aliance Culturèla Arpitana (Arpitan Cultural Alliance) is advancing the cause for the name "Arpitan" through the Internet, publishing efforts, and other activities. The organization was founded in 2004 by Stéphanie Lathion and Alban Lavy in Lausanne , Switzerland, and
5329-402: Was seen as intermediate between French and Provençal . Franco-Provençal dialects were widely spoken in their speech areas until the 20th century. As French political power expanded and the "single-national-language" doctrine was spread through French-only education, Franco-Provençal speakers abandoned their language, which had numerous spoken variations and no standard orthography , in favor of
#393606