57-762: The Grace Hudson Museum in Ukiah, California , is adjacent to the Sun House which artist Grace Hudson and her husband John designed and had built in 1911. Today the house and museum are owned and operated by the city of Ukiah. The Sun House, a Craftsman style house constructed of redwood , is listed on the National Register of Historic Places . After working in Oklahoma Territory in 1904-1906, Grace and John Hudson returned to Ukiah, California . There they designed and built what became known as The Sun House in 1911. It
114-531: A connection to Clear Lake, the Russian River was beheaded from Clear Lake by a slide (at Cow Mountain , east of Ukiah). Now Clear Lake flows into the Sacramento River. The river incised a canyon into Fitch Mountain at an early time, before land levels were eroded to their present levels. The Russian River was prevented from flowing south into San Pablo Bay, due to a 113-foot high ridge at Cotati. Guerneville
171-542: A five-year monitoring program using underwater cameras at two fish ladders just north of Forestville . They found that Chinook always were, and still are, "a relatively abundant, widely distributed, and naturally self-sustaining population". The authors found historic information dating to 1881 suggesting the presence of an ancestral population, and their genetic analysis found the Chinook both above and below barriers to fish passage to be of native, and not hatchery stock. In 2001
228-493: A household in the city was $ 32,707, and the median income for a family was $ 39,524. Males had a median income of $ 31,608 versus $ 24,673 for females. The per capita income for the city was $ 17,601. About 13.2% of families and 18.1% of the population were below the poverty line , including 26.4% of those under age 18 and 7.8% of those age 65 or over. As a community, Ukiah has roughly twice the number of people (including Redwood Valley , Potter Valley , Calpella , and Talmage ) as
285-649: A lower elevation, the Russian River began cutting north into the drainage area of the Navarro River. Eroding up a fault line in Alexander Valley, the Russian River intersected the Navarro River just north of Cloverdale. This resulted in the stream capture of Big Sulphur Creek (formerly the upper Navarro River) and the north fork of the Navarro River, going north to Hopland and to Ukiah. The high valleys were eroded into rocky canyons for ten miles north of Cloverdale and for five miles east of Cloverdale. After establishing
342-449: A month was 5 inches (13 cm) in March 1896 and January 1952. Temperatures reach 90 °F (32.2 °C) on an average of 61.0 afternoons annually and 100 °F (37.8 °C) on an average of 8.7 afternoons. Due to frequent low humidity, summer temperatures normally drop into the fifties at night. Freezing temperatures occur on an average 33.6 mornings per year. The record high temperature
399-668: A southern colony at Fort Ross , the Russian-American Company contracted with American ships beginning in 1806, providing them with Aleuts and their baidarkas (kayaks) to hunt otter on the coast of Spanish California. Hudson's Bay Company 's Alexander R. McLeod reported in 1829, "The Country to the northward of Bodega is said to be rich in Beaver and no encouragement given to the Indians to hunt." The fur trapper Ewing Young , led an expedition up Putah Creek to Clear Lake and on to
456-554: Is a southward-flowing river that drains 1,485 sq mi (3,850 km ) of Sonoma and Mendocino counties in Northern California . With an annual average discharge of approximately 1,600,000 acre feet (2.0 km ), it is the second-largest river (after the Sacramento River ) flowing through the nine-county Greater San Francisco Bay Area , with a mainstem 115 mi (185 km) long. The Southern Pomo know
513-744: Is bordered by U.S. Route 101 , to join the East Fork Russian River just below Lake Mendocino . From there the Russian River flows south, past Ukiah through the Ukiah Valley and Hopland through the Sanel Valley , and crosses into Sonoma County just north of Cloverdale . Closely paralleled by U.S. Route 101, it descends into the Alexander Valley , where it is joined by Big Sulphur Creek . It flows south past Cloverdale , Asti , and Geyserville . East of Healdsburg , Maacama Creek joins
570-871: Is built on an abandoned meander of the river. Near Guerneville, another meander cut short Smith Creek. The Mendocino Plateau is a part of the Franciscan Assemblage . A portion of the Eel River is diverted to headwaters of the Russian River in Potter Valley , via a scheme known as the Potter Valley Project . The Sonoma County Water Agency draws drinking water from the Russian River for sale to several hundred thousand residents of Sonoma, Mendocino, and northern Marin counties. Santa Rosa's Laguna Wastewater Treatment Plant treats sewage from several communities to tertiary standards and returns some of it to
627-536: Is the county seat and largest city of Mendocino County , in the North Coast region of California . Ukiah had a population of 16,607 at the 2020 census . With its accessible location along the U.S. Route 101 corridor, Ukiah serves as the city center for Mendocino County and much of neighboring Lake County . The region has been inhabited by the Pomo for thousands of years. The modern area of Ukiah derives its name from
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#1732919891437684-562: The California Bays and Estuaries Policy . The mouth is about 60 mi (100 km) north of the San Francisco Bay 's Golden Gate bridge. The lower Russian River is a popular spring, summer, and fall destination for navigation and recreation. It is very safe at that time for swimming and boating, with a gentle current. The river is dangerous in the winter, with swift current and muddy water. The geographer R. S. Holway wrote of
741-1017: The Coho salmon ( Oncorhynchus kisutch ) had dwindled to less than four returning spawners per year. These low numbers were the catalyst for the Russian River Coho Salmon Captive Broodstock Program, a recovery effort in which offspring from hatchery-reared adults are released into the river system. In 2011, biologists estimate that more than 190 adult coho may have returned to the Russian River watershed, beginning with early storms in October and peaking in December. High priority tributaries for restoration of stream flows and habitat for Coho include Dutch Bill , Grape, Green Valley , Mark West and Mill Creeks . Similarly, early twentieth-century naturalists were skeptical that California Golden beaver ( Castor canadensis subauratus ) were extant in
798-524: The Mendocino County Coast in March, 1833. James Weeks, a member of Young's 1833 fur brigade wrote: "They broke up all the beaver lodges on the lake, I believe the finest and largest beaver we caught there, we arrived at the Russian River and pitched camp sent out, trappers found signs set traps caught beavers..." This historical observer record is consistent with the Southern Pomo , who inhabited
855-539: The Pajaro River . Khlebnikov stated in his "1820 Travel Notes", "Mr. Kuskov had sent two baidarkas to the Slavyanka River to catch sturgeon, and they returned today with ten fish...the largest one exceeding two arshins (4.67 feet) long". Moyle's Inland Fishes of California states that there were historic runs of white, but not green, sturgeon in the Russian River. White sturgeon are the largest freshwater fish in
912-613: The Pinoleville Pomo Nation and the Potter Valley Tribe are in Ukiah. The Amtrak Thruway 7 bus provides daily connections to/from Ukiah (with a curbside stop at 397 North Orchard Avenue) and Martinez to the south, to/from Arcata to the north. Additional Amtrak connections are available from Martinez station. Russian River (California) The Russian River ( Southern Pomo : Ashokawna , Spanish : Río Ruso )
969-413: The 20th century. A refurbished hop kiln can be seen at the north end of Ukiah east of Highway 101, where many of the old fields were located. Ukiah's 20th-century population developed in relation to the lumber boom of the late 1940s. Logging of redwoods was once a major industry. Activists have worked to preserve areas of redwood forest, which became endangered due to overlogging. Young people entered
1026-720: The Kostromitinov Ranch, stretched along the Russian River near the mouth of Willow Creek. The redwoods that lined its banks drew loggers to the river in the late 19th century. According to the USGS, variant names of the Russian River include Misallaako, Rio Ruso, Shabaikai, and Slavyanka. The Russian River springs from the Laughlin Range about 5 mi (8 km) east of Willits in Mendocino County. It flows generally southward to Redwood Valley , then past Calpella , where it
1083-492: The Mendocino County seat to the national rail network. Ukiah has been the hub of an agricultural and business community. Over the decades various commodity crops have been grown in the Ukiah Valley. They include pears, green beans, hops, apricots, and grapes. As part of California's Wine Country , grapes have become the predominant agricultural product. Hops were once a major crop grown around Ukiah. The beer flavoring agent
1140-659: The Pomo village (band) of Yokáya, meaning "deep valley" or "south valley". Russian American company led by commander Ross discovered Ukiah and the Russian River in 1750, during their exploration of the Alaskan Northwest and Hawaii. Eventually Point Cabrillo was discovered by the Spanish explorers, although Carbillo only lived in San Diego and never visited the point. The land was inhabited by Pomo natives who lived as hunter gatherers until
1197-714: The Russian River in his 1917 paper "The Russian River: A Characteristic Stream of the California Coast Ranges". Originally, the Russian River was one of several rivers draining westward from the Mayacamas Mountains through the Mendocino Plateau to the sea, a region lifted up by tectonic forces. The Navarro River drained from the Cobb Mountain area, while the Russian River drained from the Mt. St. Helena area. Being at
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#17329198914371254-538: The Russian River. After it makes a series of sweeping bends, the Healdsburg Memorial Bridge carries Old Redwood Highway over the river just upstream of U.S. Route 101 's Healdsburg crossing. It receives water from Lake Sonoma via Dry Creek . The river turns westward, where it is spanned by the Wohler Bridge, and it is joined by Mark West Creek north of Forestville , followed by Green Valley Creek to
1311-731: The Spanish called it the San Ygnacio , and in 1843 the Spanish land grant referred to it as Rio Grande . The river takes its current name from Russian Ivan Kuskov of the Russian-American Company, who explored the river in the early 19th-century and established the Fort Ross colony 10 mi (16 km) northwest of its mouth. The Russians called it the Slavyanka River , meaning " Slav River". ( Slavyanka in Russian means "Slavic woman".) They established three ranches near Fort Ross, one of which,
1368-498: The Ukiah area was John Parker, a vaquero who worked for pioneer cattleman James Black. Black had driven his stock up the Russian River valley and took over a block of grazing land at that locale. A crude blockhouse was constructed for Parker so he could have shelter to protect the herd from the hostile indigenous local people, who resented the squatters on their land. The blockhouse was located just south of present-day Ukiah on
1425-607: The United States. The Russian River is the largest river in the Central California Coast steelhead trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss ) distinct population segment . Natural waterfalls and the two major dams, Warm Springs (built in 1982) and Coyote (built in 1959), have isolated anadromous steelhead from its non-oceangoing rainbow trout form above the impassable barriers. Recent genetic studies on steelhead collected at 20 different sites both above and below passage barriers in
1482-512: The abundance of seal, otter and beaver were the principal factors which favored this colonization." An 1816 report by the Russian-American Company's Board of Directors said that it was establishing a settlement to introduce agriculture.(page 33, After December 16, 1813: A report to Emperor Alexander I from the Russian American Company Council, concerning trade with California and the establishment of Fort Ross) Before establishing
1539-516: The area from the 1960s, seeking alternative lifestyles and, in some cases, artisan and rural living. Ukiah is in southeastern Mendocino County in the valley of the Russian River , a south-flowing river which reaches the Pacific in Sonoma County. Via U.S. Route 101 , Ukiah is 60 miles (97 km) north of Santa Rosa and 158 miles (254 km) south of Eureka . According to the U.S. Census Bureau ,
1596-428: The banks of what was known as Wilson Creek. Following the U.S. Conquest of California , the region passed from Mexican to American sovereignty. In 1865, Samuel Lowry built a log cabin approximately on the corner of today's East Perkins and North Main streets. Lowery sold his claim to A.T. Perkins in the spring of 1857, and the latter moved his family into the valley. They were the first Anglo-American pioneer family of
1653-417: The canyon between Cloverdale and Hopland. This vulnerability was demonstrated in March 1982 when a tank car of formaldehyde was vandalized in Ukiah. Emergency response personnel were able to clean up approximately half of the 21,000 US gallons (79,000 L) spilled, and a fortuitous combination of Lake Mendocino reservoir inventory and late winter storms helped flush the remainder through the river and into
1710-412: The census reports. During the business day, an average of 40,000 people work inside the city limits, or in the business and residential neighborhoods to the north and south. Major employers in Ukiah include: Ukiah is known for wine production . Some very large production wineries, including Brutocao , Fife, Parducci, Frey, and Bonterra, have become established here since the late 20th century. Ukiah
1767-469: The city covers an area of 4.8 square miles (12 km ), of which 0.05 square miles (0.13 km ), or 0.93%, are water. Ukiah has a hot-summer Mediterranean climate ( Köppen : Csa ). Average rainfall for the area is 38.90 inches (988 mm) per year. Measurable precipitation occurs on an average of 77.1 days per year. The greatest monthly precipitation was 30.75 inches (781.0 mm) in January 1909 and
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1824-562: The city was 79.5% White , 1.0% African American , 3.8% Native American , 1.7% Asian , 0.1% Pacific Islander , 9.7% from other races , and 4.3% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 19.3% of the population. There were 5,985 households, out of which 33.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 40.2% were married couples living together, 15.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 38.9% were non-families. 32.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 14.5% had someone living alone who
1881-650: The coastal streams of the Bay Area. However, the Russian-American Company 's Ivan Kuskov sailed into Bodega Bay in 1809 on the Kodiak and, after exploring 50 miles of the Russian River, returned to Novo Arkhangelsk, Alaska (Sitka), with beaver skins and over 2,000 sea otter ( Enhydra lutris ) pelts. The Russians' stated reason for establishing a settlement in Alta California was, "The rich, fertile soil [and]
1938-400: The greatest 24-hour precipitation was 6.18 inches (157.0 mm) on December 22, 1964. The wettest "rain year" was from July 1997 to June 1998 with 72.74 inches (1,847.6 mm) and the driest from July 1976 to June 1977 with 14.20 inches (360.7 mm). Light snowfall occurs about every other year. The greatest recorded snowfall was 1.5 inches (3.8 cm) on March 2, 1976, while the most in
1995-743: The house and its 30,000 collected objects for posterity, giving it to the City of Ukiah. The house is listed on the National Register of Historic Places and designated California Historical Landmark #926. The Sun House and Museum are operated by the city within its 4-acre (16,000 m) Hudson-Carpenter park. The museum's website says of Grace Hudson, "...her work enjoys renewed interest and recognition for its fine and sympathetic portrayals of native peoples." [REDACTED] Media related to Grace Hudson Museum at Wikimedia Commons Ukiah, California Ukiah ( / j uː ˈ k aɪ ə / yoo- KY -ə ; Pomo : Yokáya , meaning "deep valley" or "south valley")
2052-481: The indigenous people who occupied the area at the time of Spanish colonization. Later European-American settlers adopted "Ukiah" as an anglicized version of this name for the city. Cayetano Juárez was granted Ukiah by Alta California. He was known to have a neutral relationship with the local Pomo people. He sold a southern portion of the grant (toward present-day Hopland ) to the Burke brothers. The first Anglo settler in
2109-734: The lower half of the Russian River, having a word for beaver ṱ'ek:e and beavers in their "Coyote Stories". In 1881 the Sacramento Daily Union newspaper reported, "Beavers are being trapped near Healdsburg" (placing them again on the Russian River). The Russian River State Marine Reserve and Russian River State Marine Conservation Area protect the Russian River Estuary. Like underwater parks, these marine protected areas help conserve ocean and freshwater wildlife and marine ecosystems. The river provides groundwater recharge and
2166-609: The mayor and the city manager. In the California State Legislature , Ukiah is in the 2nd Senate District , represented by Democrat Mike McGuire , and the 2nd Assembly District , represented by Democrat Jim Wood . In the United States House of Representatives , Ukiah is in California's 2nd congressional district , represented by Democrat Jared Huffman . The tribal headquarters of both
2223-574: The ocean before local water storage inventories were exhausted. The Russian River reached flood stage of 32 feet (9.8 m) at Guerneville about five times per decade through the last half of the 20th century. Historic flood peaks were 49.5 feet (15.1 m) in February 1986, 48 feet (15 m) in January 1995, 47.6 feet (14.5 m) in December 1955, 47.3 feet (14.4 m) in December 1964, and 46.9 feet (14.3 m) in February 1940. Through effective use of Lake Mendocino and Lake Sonoma flood capacity
2280-643: The population) lived in households, 281 (1.7%) lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 493 (3.1%) were institutionalized. There were 6,158 households, out of which 2,049 (33.3%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 2,317 (37.6%) were opposite-sex married couples living together, 938 (15.2%) had a female householder with no husband present, 356 (5.8%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 484 (7.9%) unmarried opposite-sex partnerships , and 56 (0.9%) same-sex married couples or partnerships . 2,064 households (33.5%) were made up of individuals, and 919 (14.9%) had someone living alone who
2337-418: The population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 8,568 people (53.3%) lived in rental housing units. As of the census of 2000, inside the city limits, there were 15,497 people, 5,985 households, and 3,656 families residing in the city. The population density was 3,275/sq mi (1,265/km ). There were 6,137 housing units at an average density of 1,296 per square mile (500/km ). The racial makeup of
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2394-470: The river as Ashokawna ( ʔaš:oʔkʰawna ), "east water place" or "water to the east", and as Bidapte , "big river." Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo and his expedition may have travelled as far north as the Russian River in November 1542 before storms forced them to turn back south towards Monterey. The earliest Slavic name for the river, Slavyanka , appears on a Russian-American Company chart dated 1817. In 1827
2451-586: The river by way of the Laguna de Santa Rosa . Water transferred from the Eel River and released from Lake Mendocino flows through the Russian River channel to withdrawal points in Sonoma County. Although this method of transport supports aquatic and riparian zone habitats, it is vulnerable to chemical contamination from transportation accidents where the river is in close proximity to highway 101 and Northwestern Pacific Railroad transportation corridors in locations like
2508-518: The river has exceeded flood stage at Guerneville less frequently in the 21st century, but in late February 2019 it flooded to levels comparable to 1986. The river provides wildlife habitat including warm and cold freshwater habitat for fish migration and spawning. Historically it is interesting as one of two Northern California coastal rivers mentioned in the early nineteenth century by Russian explorer K. T. Khlebnikov as hosting sturgeon, presumably white sturgeon ( Acipenser transmontanus ), along with
2565-522: The south. In 1870 the remainder of the trip to Ukiah took another two days by horse. In subsequent years the rail line was extended further northward to Cloverdale . Although the stagecoach portion was reduced to 30 miles (48 km), the community was still relatively isolated and slow to develop. Ukiah was incorporated in 1876. It was not until 1889 that the San Francisco and North Pacific Railroad completed its line from Cloverdale to Ukiah, linking
2622-580: The south. The river passes Rio Nido and Guerneville . In that area, State Route 116 parallels the river, bordering it past Guernewood Park and Monte Rio . Austin Creek enters from the north before the River passes through Duncans Mills . State Route 1 crosses over the river before it flows into the Pacific Ocean between Jenner and Goat Rock Beach . The Russian River estuary is recognized for protection by
2679-471: The time. Some Chinese explorers visited as well during the early times of Chinatown San Francisco and the building of the railroad lines. Ukiah is located within Rancho Yokaya , one of several Spanish colonial land grants in what their colonists called Alta California . The Yokaya grant, which covered the majority of the Ukiah valley, was named for the Pomo word meaning "deep valley." The Pomo are
2736-586: The township. Six others followed to make their home there that same year. The first United States post office opened in 1858. By 1859, the population of Ukiah had grown to about 100 people, making it a community sufficient in size to serve as the county seat . Before this, administrative duties for Mendocino County had been handled by Sonoma County . Initially visitors could reach town only by stagecoach , or private horses. A short rail line from San Francisco terminated in Petaluma , nearly 80 miles (130 km) to
2793-501: The watershed found that despite the fact that 30 million hatchery trout were stocked in the river from 1911 to 1925, the steelhead remain of native and not hatchery stock. Until recently, most reviews indicated that Chinook salmon ( Oncorhynchus tshawytscha ) were always scarce on the Russian River. However, in 2007, the Sonoma County Water Agency completed a comprehensive re-evaluation of historical records, coupled with
2850-442: The year due to bankruptcy. Several acres of orchard have been torn down and replaced with vineyards since the packing shed closed its doors. As of 2011, the main facility was slated to reopen as a composting and trash-sorting facility. Institutions of the arts include: Ukiah uses a council–manager form of government in which policy is set by a five-member city council, elected at-large to four-year terms. The council appoints both
2907-678: Was 117 °F (47.2 °C) on September 6, 2022, and July 6, 2024. The record low temperature was 12 °F (−11.1 °C) on January 12, 1898. The 2010 United States Census reported that Ukiah had a population of 16,075. The population density was 3,403.7 inhabitants per square mile (1,314.2/km ). The racial makeup of Ukiah was 11,592 (72.1%) White , 174 (1.1%) African American , 601 (3.7%) Native American , 412 (2.6%) Asian , 34 (0.2%) Pacific Islander , 2,385 (14.8%) from other races , and 877 (5.5%) from two or more races. There were 4,458 Hispanic or Latino residents, of any race (27.7%). The Census reported that 15,301 people (95.2% of
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#17329198914372964-400: Was 35.9 years. For every 100 females, there were 92.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 89.3 males. There were 6,488 housing units at an average density of 1,373.8 per square mile (530.4/km ), of which 2,673 (43.4%) were owner-occupied, and 3,485 (56.6%) were occupied by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate was 2.6%; the rental vacancy rate was 3.7%. 6,733 people (41.9% of
3021-458: Was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.47 and the average family size was 3.12. In the city, the population was spread out in age, with 26.5% under the age of 18, 9.6% from 18 to 24, 28.1% from 25 to 44, 21.6% from 45 to 64, and 14.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35 years. For every 100 females, there were 91.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 88.1 males. The median income for
3078-424: Was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.48. There were 3,611 families (58.6% of all households); the average family size was 3.18. The population was spread out in age, with 3,981 people (24.8%) under the age of 18, 1,562 people (9.7%) aged 18 to 24, 4,184 people (26.0%) aged 25 to 44, 4,011 people (25.0%) aged 45 to 64, and 2,337 people (14.5%) who were 65 years of age or older. The median age
3135-522: Was a Craftsman-style California bungalow made of redwood . The Hudsons adopted the Hopi sun symbol as their own and displayed the symbol over the front door. They led a modest bohemian lifestyle of collecting, traveling, field work, reading, entertaining, photography and painting. John Hudson died at The Sun House in 1936, and Grace in 1937. They had no children. Grace Hudson bequeathed The Sun House and its land to her nephew, Mark Carpenter. Carpenter preserved
3192-423: Was first grown there in 1868 when L.F. Long of Largo grew an initial experimental crop. The climate proved suitable for the crop and production expanded, peaking in 1885. It declined in the last years of the 1880s as prices dropped. Mendocino County remained the third-largest producer of hops in the state of California in 1890, with well over 900 acres (3.6 km ) under cultivation. Production continued well into
3249-401: Was previously a major producer of pears . Alex R. Thomas & Company owned hundreds of acres of Bartlett pear orchards on the east side of the Ukiah Valley. For nearly 90 years, many local residents and migrant workers have been employed packing the pears for domestic and foreign consumption. On December 1, 2008, the company announced it would be shutting down major operations at the end of
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