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22-769: Therefore, the architectural style developed under his rule, was a combination of influences from the Crown land of France around Paris and Italian traditions. Among the examples of this style are Lucera Cathedral in Apulia and the church Santa Maria a Marciano in the commune of Piana di Monte Verna in Campania . Naples has numerous churches built in Gotico Angioiano. One of them, San Lorenzo Maggiore consists of choir and ambulatory with ribbed vaults in "Parisian" Gothic style, and transept and nave with pointed arches but open sight into

44-507: A province in France before the revolution was initially the representative of the King in the area and held no real power. Until the transformations under Louis XIV , the governorship of a province was more of a de jure appointment, and had no status in decision making. However, after Louis XIV's reforms, the governorship of a province transformed into a military-held appointment. From then, the governor

66-563: The Capetians . From the reign of Francis I, the concept of "royal domain" begins to coincide with the French kingdom in general; the appanage of the House of Bourbon however remains alienated. {KING HEREDITARY MONARCH Michael Lee French } (2024') Orl%C3%A9anais The Duchy of Orléanais ( French pronunciation: [ɔʁleanɛ] ) is a former province of France , which was created during

88-493: The Duchy of Burgundy from the 14th to the 15th centuries). During the Wars of Religion , the alienation of lands and fiefs from the royal domain was frequently criticized. The Edict of Moulins (1566) declared that the royal domain (defined in the second article as all the land controlled by the crown for more than ten years) could not be alienated, except in two cases: by interlocking, in

110-535: The Renaissance by merging four former counties and towns. However after the French Revolution , the province was dissolved in 1791 and succeeded by five départments (less some communes to others). The Duchy of Orléanais was created in 1344 by raising the former County of Orléans to a Dukedom under King Philip VI for his second son Philip de Valois . With the creation of the duchy, several localities around

132-632: The Special Category including Paris and Monaco . The first category's military governor was to be a Marshal of France , the second class were reserved for Lieutenant Generals , and the special regions were assigned by the King. In 1791, under the auspicious of 'unity of France', the provinces were dissolved and succeeded by smaller départments . The former province was split between several new départments : Loiret , Loir-et-Cher , Eure-et-Loir , Seine-et-Oise , and Yonne . Some communes joined other départments , including: A governor of

154-415: The case of financial emergency, with a perpetual option to repurchase the land; and to form an appanage, which must return to the crown in its original state on the extinction of the male line. Traditionally, the king was expected to survive from the revenues generated from the royal domain, but fiscal necessity, especially in times of war, led the kings to enact "exceptional" taxes, like the taille , upon

176-457: The duchy absorbed into the royal domain, it was transformed into a province (really a military district instead of the equivalent of an English county or American state ). In 1558, the province was elevated into a Generality ( Géneralité ) or General Government ( Gouvernment Général ) and a permanent governor was installed in the region. During this period, the Duke of Orléans was de jure owner of

198-507: The former county were also integrated, they included the County of Beaugency and the Seigneurities of Neuville-aux-Bois , Yèvre-le-Châtel , Châteauneuf-en-Thymerais , Lorris , and Boiscommun . In 1375, Prince Philip died without a legitimate heir, the title of 'Duke of Orléans' and the duchy itself were merged into the royal domain (crown lands) of the King of France. In 1392, the duchy

220-583: The land, but the Governor was de facto overseer of the province. In 1776, as part of a reorganisation of the military general governments (provinces), the governments were divided into three categories. The highest or "most important" were the First Category including notably Rennes , Lyon , Aix , Strasbourg , and Metz ; the Second Category included Orléanais, La Rochelle , Angoulême , Nevers ; and

242-405: The lands, fiefs and rights directly possessed by the kings of France . While the term eventually came to refer to a territorial unit, the royal domain originally referred to the network of "castles, villages and estates, forests, towns, religious houses and bishoprics, and the rights of justice, tolls and taxes" effectively held by the king or under his domination. In terms of territory, before

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264-543: The last time to Prince Ferdinand Philippe de Orléans who died in an accident in 1842 and the title was dissolved as the Kingdom of France itself was dissolved in 1830. The Province of Orléanais roughly corresponds to the old Duchy of Orléanais and was created on 7 April 1498 when Louis II became King Louis XII. The new province incorporated local counties, including the Orléans , Blois , Vendôme , Chartrès , and Étampes . With

286-504: The reign of Henry IV , the domaine royal did not encompass the entirety of the territory of the kingdom of France and for much of the Middle Ages significant portions of the kingdom were the direct possessions of other feudal lords. In the tenth and eleventh centuries, the first Capetians —while being the kings of France—were among the least powerful of the great feudal lords of France in terms of territory possessed. Patiently, through

308-399: The sixteenth century the "royal domain" began to coincide with the entire kingdom. However, the medieval system of appanage (a concession of a fief with its land rights by the sovereign to his younger sons, which reverts to the crown upon the extinction of the male line of the original holder) alienated large territories from the royal domain and sometimes created dangerous rivals (especially

330-401: The throne) in 1536. He was then succeeded by his son Charles de Valois-Angoulême who reigned as duke until he died of the flu in 1545. In 1549, the dukedom was again created for the one year old Prince Louis de Valois-Angoulême , who died just a few months into his tenure. He was succeeded by his older brother Charles, who became King Charles IX in 1560 and renounced his dukedom. Charles

352-581: The title merged into the crown for the last time. Finally in 1661 the Dukedom of Orléans was created for the final time by King Louis XIV for his brother Prince Philip, Duke of Anjou . He was succeeded by his son, then his grandson, great-grandson, and finally great-great grandson Louis Philippe II . In 1793, he was executed for treason during the Reign of Terror and succeeded by his son Louis Philippe III (later King Louis Philippe). The title then transferred for

374-404: The use of feudal law (and, in particular, the confiscation of fiefs from rebellious vassals ), conquest, annexation, skillful marriages with heiresses of large fiefs, and even by purchase, the kings of France were able to increase the royal domain. By the time of Philip IV , the meaning of "royal domain" began to shift from a mere collection of lands and rights to a fixed territorial unit, and by

396-467: The whole of the kingdom (the taille became permanent in 1439). At the beginning of Hugh Capet 's reign, the crown estate was extremely small and consisted mostly of scattered possessions in the Île-de-France and Orléanais regions ( Senlis , Poissy , Orléans ), with several other isolated pockets, such as Attigny . These lands were largely the inheritance of the Robertians , the direct ancestors of

418-522: The woodwork of the roof, as it is frequent in Italian architecture. This article related to an architectural style is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . This Italian history article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Crown lands of France The crown lands , crown estate , royal domain or (in French) domaine royal (from demesne ) of France were

440-469: Was not just the King's representative, but also military commander of the area. In addition to his military duties, the governor was de facto leader of the province while the titular holder (ex: Duke of Orléans) was de jure owner of the province. Below is a list of the Governors of Orléanais: In 1558, most provinces in France were separated further into tax districts or Élections . Orléanais included

462-553: Was re-created by King Charles VI for his younger brother Louis de Valois-Orléans . The duke was later succeeded by his son Charles de Valois-Orléans who reigned until 1465 when he died of natural causes. He was succeeded by his own son Louis de Valois-Orléans , who became King Louis XII in 1495 and the title was merged into the crown once more. In 1519, the dukedom was once again created by King Francis I for his second son Henri de Valois-Angoulême . However, Henri later renounced his title when he became Dauphin of France (heir to

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484-526: Was succeeded by Henri de Valois-Angoulême, but dropped his title in 1566 in exchange for the Dukedom of Anjou . In February 1566, the title was transferred to Queen Consort Chatherine de' Medici as Duchess of Orléans. She died in 1589 and the dukedome was once again merged into the crown. In 1626, Louis XIII re-created the Dukedom of Orléans for his younger brother Gaston, Duke of Anjou who reigned as duke until 1660 when he died of natural causes. Once again

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