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75-643: Nelson was born on August 18, 1941, in Brookline, Massachusetts . He attended Newton Public Schools and graduated from Newton High School and attended Harvard University , but dropped out to get involved in politics. Nelson first became involved in politics in 1964 when he worked for Barry Goldwater 's Presidential campaign. He was also a founder and executive director of the Massachusetts chapter of Young Americans for Freedom . After Goldwater's loss, Nelson stayed out of politics for five years, but returned to oppose

150-405: A District Attorney , a Clerk of Courts , a Register of Deeds , a Sheriff , a County Treasurer, and a Register of Probate . County Commissioners are elected for a four-year term; two Commissioners are elected to coincide with presidential elections, and one Commissioner is elected during the midterm elections. All three Commissioners must hail from a different municipality. The District Attorney

225-481: A Select Board. In 2017, a Brookline Town Meeting voted to recognize Indigenous Peoples' Day instead of Columbus Day. In 2019, Brookline banned the distribution of carry-out plastic bags at grocery stores and other businesses . In 2021, Brookline banned the sale of tobacco and e-cigarettes to anyone born after January 1, 2000, in Article 8.23 of the town bylaws, expanding on Massachusetts' existing prohibition on

300-606: A conservative Republican Party than a liberal Democratic one. To raise grassroots support and soften the party's " Rich Brahmin " image, Nelson launched a door-to-door effort to recruit new workers to local committees called Project Precinct. Nelson was one of RNC Chairman Bill Brock 's most tenacious adversaries. Nelson desired an ideological crusade while Brock emphasized technological innovation. In 1978, Republican Senator Edward Brooke lost his re-election bid and liberal Republican Francis W. Hatch Jr. lost his campaign for governor to conservative Democrat Edward J. King . Nelson

375-460: A history of racial discrimination in zoning, which has led to a disproportionately wealthy population and a very low percentage of Black residents, at only 2.5%. Several streets and railroads were laid out in the town in the 19th century. Today, these are Massachusetts Route 9 (locally "Boylston St", which cuts the town in two) and the various branches of the MBTA's Green Line . To the north of Route 9,

450-432: A median income of $ 51,301 versus $ 37,108 for females. The per capita income for the county was $ 32,484. About 2.90% of families and 4.60% of the population were below the poverty line , including 4.40% of those under age 18 and 5.70% of those age 65 or over. As of the 2010 United States census , there were 670,850 people, 257,914 households, and 168,903 families residing in the county. The population density

525-435: A median income of $ 56,861 versus $ 43,436 for females. The per capita income for the town was $ 44,327. About 4.5% of families and 9.3% of the population were below the poverty line , including 5.3% of those under the age of 18 and 7.5% of those ages 65 and older. The poverty rate of Brookline's residents rate rose from 9.3% in 2000 to 13.1% in 2010. and then reduced to 10.2% in 2021 The following historic buildings are open to

600-400: A new one to be built. They originally were seeking a utilitarian building that would be fireproof and safe to store important documents. Local boosters, however, wanted a building that aligned with the town's rapidly improving self-image. The land for the courthouse, across the street from the existing one, was purchased from Frances Ames for $ 1,200. Ames later refused to sell the lot to

675-468: A recent history of blocking multifamily housing construction. Since the 1970s, new housing construction has plunged in Brookline. Brookline has enacted zoning changes that ban multi-apartment buildings and limit the height of buildings. Proposals for new development frequently face onerous lawsuits. These restrictions on housing supply have led housing prices in Brookline to skyrocket in recent decades. In 2023,

750-451: Is humid continental Dfa . Brookline falls under the USDA 6b Plant Hardiness zone . As of the census of 2010, there were 58,732 people, 24,891 households, and 12,233 families residing in the town. The population density was 8,701.0 inhabitants per square mile (3,359.5/km ). There were 26,448 housing units at an average density of 3,889.6 per square mile (1,501.8/km ). The racial makeup of

825-466: Is John F. Sullivan. Brookline is twinned with: Norfolk County, Massachusetts Norfolk County ( / ˈ n ɔːr f ə k / NOR -fək ) is located in the U.S. state of Massachusetts . At the 2020 census , the population was 725,981. Its county seat is Dedham . It is the fourth most populous county in the United States whose county seat is neither a city nor a borough, and it

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900-483: Is a kind of landscape garden, and there is nothing in America of the sort, so inexpressibly charming as the lanes which lead from one cottage, or villa, to another. No animals are allowed to run at large, and the open gates, with tempting vistas and glimpses under the pendent boughs, give it quite an Arcadian air of rural freedom and enjoyment. These lanes are clothed with a profusion of trees and wild shrubbery, often almost to

975-558: Is a surplus building used by the town to temporarily teach students in when another school building is being renovated. It was rented in 2009 as the venue for the play Sleep No More . As of the 2012–13 school year, the student body was 57.4% White, 18.1% Asian, 6.4% Black, 9.9% Hispanic, and 8.2% multi-race. Approximately 30% of students came from homes where English is not the first language. Several private primary and secondary schools are located in Brookline. Several institutes of higher education are located in Brookline. Also, parts of

1050-468: Is elected every four years coinciding with the midterm elections. The Clerk of Courts and Register of Deeds are elected every six years coinciding with the elections of Class I US Senators. The County Treasurer and Register of Probate are elected every six years coinciding with the elections of Class II US Senators. The Sheriff is elected every six years coinciding with the elections of Class III US Senators. There have been 21 sheriffs of Norfolk County. In

1125-699: Is land. The northern part of Brookline, roughly north of the D-line tracks, is urban in character, as highly walkable and transit rich. The population density of this northern part of town is nearly 20,000 inhabitants per square mile (8,000/km ), similar to the densest neighborhoods in nearby Cambridge , Somerville and Chelsea , Massachusetts (the densest cities in New England), and slightly lower than that of central Boston's residential districts (Back Bay, South End, Fenway, etc.). The overall density of Brookline, which also includes suburban districts and grand estates south of

1200-432: Is not completely contiguous ; the towns of Brookline and Cohasset are each part of Norfolk County but are separated from the majority of Norfolk County (and each other) by either water or other counties. At the county's formation, Hingham and Hull were to be part of it, but joined Plymouth County instead, leaving Cohasset as the initial exclave of Norfolk County and an enclave of Plymouth County. Brookline became

1275-515: Is the second most populous county that has a county seat at a town . The county was named after the English county of the same name . Two towns, Cohasset and Brookline , are exclaves . Norfolk County is included in the Boston - Cambridge - Newton , MA- NH Metropolitan Statistical Area . Norfolk County is the 24th highest-income county in the United States with a median household income of $ 107,361. It

1350-573: Is the wealthiest county in Massachusetts. Shortly after the Constitution of Massachusetts was adopted on October 25, 1780, a number of towns in Suffolk County , of which Dedham was then a part, elected delegates to a convention to decide upon some policy relative to the division of the county. The convention met at Gay's Tavern in Dedham on December 12, 1780, and adopted a resolution to the effect that

1425-731: The 1993 election . Outside politics Nelson worked as a stockbroker and was a second vice president with Shearson Lehman Brothers . Nelson died on July 21, 1993, in Boston of a cerebral hemorrhage. Brookline, Massachusetts Brookline ( / ˈ b r ʊ k l aɪ n / ) is a town in Norfolk County, Massachusetts , United States, and part of the Boston metropolitan area . An exclave of Norfolk County, Brookline borders six of Boston 's neighborhoods: Brighton , Allston , Fenway–Kenmore , Mission Hill , Jamaica Plain , and West Roxbury . The city of Newton borders Brookline to

1500-557: The Boston Elevated Railway system, this upgrade from horse-drawn carriage to electric trolleys occurred on many major streets all over the region, and made transportation into downtown Boston faster and cheaper. Much of Brookline was developed into a streetcar suburb , with large brick apartment buildings sprouting up along the new streetcar lines. Brookline has a history of racial covenants that blocked people of color and some ethnic minorities to own housing in Brookline. In

1575-901: The Boston University campus and into Allston-Brighton . Brookline is served by several MBTA bus routes: The town of Brookline is protected full-time by the 158 paid, professional firefighters of the Brookline Fire Department (BFD). It currently operates out of five fire stations located throughout the town, under the command of a Deputy Chief per shift. The BFD also operates a fire apparatus fleet of four engines, two ladders, one quint, one cross-staffed rescue (special operations), two squads, one special operations unit, one haz-mat decon trailer, two maintenance units, as well as numerous other special, support, and reserve units. The Brookline Fire Department responds to approximately 8,500 emergency calls annually. The current Chief of Department

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1650-514: The Green Line D branch . The portion of Beacon Street west of Kenmore Square was laid out in 1850. Streetcar tracks were laid above ground on Beacon Street in 1888, from Coolidge Corner to Massachusetts Avenue in Boston, via Kenmore Square. In 1889, they were electrified and extended over the Brighton border at Cleveland Circle . They would eventually become the Green Line C branch . Thanks to

1725-462: The Woodward Tavern across the street. The Anglican Church in town had also offered their building, but it was in such a state of disrepair that the offer was not accepted. The First Church and Parish in Dedham then offered a piece of land on their Little Common, and a new courthouse was ordered to be constructed. Construction was sluggish, however, and the delays frustrated Ames. The court

1800-539: The 19th century. The Boston and Worcester Railroad was constructed in the early 1830s, and passed through Brookline near the Charles River. The rail line is still in active use, now paralleled by the Massachusetts Turnpike . The Highland branch of the Boston and Albany Railroad was built from Kenmore Square to Brookline Village in 1847, and was extended into Newton in 1852. In the late 1950s, this would become

1875-407: The 248,827 households 31.20% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 54.20% were married couples living together, 9.50% had a female householder with no husband present, and 33.30% were non-families. 26.80% of households were one person and 10.80% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 2.54 and the average family size was 3.14. The age distribution was 23.40% under

1950-408: The 257,914 households, 32.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 52.0% were married couples living together, 10.1% had a female householder with no husband present, 34.5% were non-families, and 27.6% of households were made up of individuals. The average household size was 2.53 and the average family size was 3.15. The median age was 40.7 years. The median income for a household in

2025-602: The Boston-Brookline border was redrawn to connect the new Back Bay neighborhood with Allston-Brighton. This merger created a narrow strip of land along the Charles River belonging to Boston, cutting Brookline off from the shoreline. It also put certain lands north of the Muddy River on the Boston side, including what are now Kenmore Square and Packard's Corner . The current northern border follows Commonwealth Avenue, and on

2100-468: The Brookline government enacted a zoning change to only permit single-family housing in most of the territory of Brookline. Many of the present-day apartment buildings in Brookline were constructed prior to this zoning change. In 1970, the state authorized rent control in municipalities with more than 50,000 residents. Brookline, Lynn, Somerville, and Cambridge subsequently adopted rent control. Brookline began decontrolling units in 1991. Brookline has

2175-474: The D-line, is still higher than that of many of the largest cities in the United States, especially in the South and West. Brookline borders Newton (part of Middlesex County ) to the west and Boston (part of Suffolk County ) in all other directions; it is therefore non-contiguous with any other part of Norfolk County. Brookline became an exclave of Norfolk County in 1873, when the neighboring town of West Roxbury

2250-714: The Metropolitan Council for Educational Opportunity ( METCO ) system. There are eight elementary schools in the Brookline Public School system: Baker School , Florida Ruffin Ridley School , Driscoll , Roland Hayes School , Lawrence School , Lincoln School , Pierce School , and Runkle School . As of December 2006, there were 6,089 K–12 students enrolled in the Brookline public schools. The system includes one early learning center, eight grades K–8 schools, and one comprehensive high school. The Old Lincoln School

2325-421: The age of 18, 7.00% from 18 to 24, 31.60% from 25 to 44, 23.50% from 45 to 64, and 14.40% 65 or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 91.40 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 87.60 males. The median household income was $ 63,432 and the median family income was $ 77,847 (these figures had risen to $ 77,294 and $ 95,243 respectively as of a 2007 estimate ). Males had

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2400-401: The age of 18, living with them, 38.4% were married couples living together, 7.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 52.2% were non-families. 36.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.18 and the average family size was 2.86. In the town, the population distribution

2475-421: The area is fairly urban; the southern part is much less so. At the time of the 2020 census , the population of the town was 63,191. It has been the most populous municipality in Massachusetts to have a town (rather than city) form of government since Framingham changed to a city in 2018, following a 2017 referendum. Once part of Algonquian territory, Brookline was first settled by European colonists in

2550-463: The building measures 52 feet by 186 feet, is two stories high with a copper hipped roof, and is built of Indiana limestone with details made of granite from Deer Isle, Maine . According to the U.S. Census Bureau , the county has a total area of 444 square miles (1,150 km ), of which 396 square miles (1,030 km ) is land and 48 square miles (120 km ) (11%) is water. It is the third-smallest county in Massachusetts by total area. The county

2625-423: The carriage tracks, and curve and wind about, in a manner quite bewildering to the stranger who attempts to thread them alone; and there are more hints here for the lover of the picturesque in lanes than we ever saw assembled together in so small a compass. Brookline residents were among the first in the country to propose extending the vote to women. Benjamin F. Butler , in his 1882 campaign for governor, advocated

2700-695: The census-designated locations and villages were included as cities or towns. Data is from the 2007–2011 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates. *congregations **adherents The county has offices in Dedham Square. It runs the Norfolk County Correctional Center , the Norfolk County Registry of Deeds, and the Norfolk County Courthouse . All eligible voters of Norfolk County vote for three County Commissioners ,

2775-401: The central rotunda: George C. Hersey on August 8, 1862 and James H. Costley on June 25, 1875. Inmates were housed in the jail until 1992 when the Norfolk County Correctional Center was opened in 1992. A court forced the closure after 13 inmates escaped in 1989. There were at least 27 break outs during the prison's history. The current Norfolk County Correctional Center is located on

2850-454: The chairmanship from Natsios, but was unsuccessful. In 1984, Nelson lost his reelection bid for committeeman by 1 vote to Daniel Needham Jr. Nelson encouraged William Weld to run for Governor of Massachusetts in 1990. However, he later supported Steven Pierce over Weld in the Republican primary. Nelson also led a group of Republicans that supported acting Mayor of Boston Thomas Menino in

2925-510: The consensus choice of the moderates, by two votes to become Chairman of the Republican State Committee. He was the first Jew elected to this position. Nelson was also a delegate to that year's Republican National Convention . Nelson sought to win elections with a conservative ideology and grassroots campaigning. He sought to convert conservative, ethnic Democrats to the Republican party, as he thought they would feel more at home in

3000-425: The county was $ 81,027 and the median family income was $ 101,870. Males had a median income of $ 68,070 versus $ 51,870 for females. The per capita income for the county was $ 42,371. About 4.1% of families and 6.2% of the population were below the poverty line , including 6.3% of those under age 18 and 6.9% of those age 65 or over. The ranking of unincorporated communities that are included on the list are reflective if

3075-400: The early 17th century. The area was an outlying part of the colonial settlement of Boston and known as the hamlet of Muddy River. In 1705, it was incorporated as the independent town of Brookline. The northern and southern borders of the town were marked by two small rivers or brooks, which is the town's namesake. The northern border with Brighton (which was itself part of Cambridge until 1807)

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3150-512: The early 20th century, Brookline banned the construction of triple-decker housing , which was a form of housing popular with poor immigrant communities in the United States. Advocates for the ban justified the ban with anti-immigrant rhetoric. In 1922, Prescott F. Hall , a Brookline resident who co-founded the Immigration Restriction League , petitioned the Brookline government to exclusively allow single-family housing. In 1924,

3225-459: The east at an asking price of $ 400, however. Masonic ceremonies, bell ringing and cannon fire accompanied the laying of the cornerstone on July 4, 1825. In 1827, the old courthouse was sold at public auction. The new building was designed by Solomon Willard and was dedicated on February 20, 1827. It was a basic rectangular granite-walled structure, 48' by 98' and two stories tall, with Greek-temple porticoes at either end. Each 10' portico

3300-561: The following are located in Brookline: Boston University including Wheelock College , Boston College , and Northeastern University 's Parsons Field . Newbury College closed in 2019. Brookline is served by the C and D branches of the MBTA 's Green Line trains, with inbound service to downtown Boston and outbound service to Newton. The B line runs just to the northwest of Brookline along Commonwealth Avenue , through

3375-407: The idea. Two branches of upper Boston Post Road , established in the 1670s, passed through Brookline. Brookline Village was the original center of retail activity. In 1810, the Boston and Worcester Turnpike, now Massachusetts Route 9 , was laid out, starting on Huntington Avenue in Boston and passing through the village center on its way west. Steam railroads came to Brookline in the middle of

3450-601: The median of Route 128 in Dedham. The facility has 502 beds and opened in 1992. After the creation of the county, the Court of Common Pleas and the Court of General Sessions of the Peace first met in Dedham's meetinghouse . Nathaniel Ames was chosen as the clerk of both and they met for the first time on September 23. When the court met on January 7, 1794, it was so cold in the building, which lacked any sort of heating, that they moved to

3525-550: The median sale price for a single-family home in Brookline was $ 2.51 million, and the median condo price was $ 927,500. As a consequence of restrictions on housing supply, Brookline is overwhelmingly wealthy. Only 2.5% of its population is black, which is the second-lowest share of black people in any community in the Boston area. Only 14% of Brookline teachers, 21% of Brookline police and 22% of Brookline firefighters live in Brookline, as median salaries for these kinds of jobs make housing in Brookline largely unaffordable . Brookline

3600-645: The mid-1800s, Jonathan H. Cobb was the clerk of courts. Like the rest of Massachusetts, Norfolk County is a Democratic stronghold. The last time it voted for a Republican presidential candidate was in 1984 , during Ronald Reagan 's landslide victory in which he carried every state except Minnesota and the district of Washington, D.C. Note: West Roxbury (annexed to Boston 1874), Roxbury (annexed to Boston 1868), Dorchester (founded 1630, annexed to Boston 1870), Hyde Park (incorporated 1868 from Dorchester, Milton, and Dedham, annexed to Boston 1912), and Hingham and Hull were originally part of Norfolk County when

3675-510: The moniker "County of Presidents." Following the creation of the county, Gay's Tavern was the site of a Court of General Sessions on August 25, 1794. They ordered that the committee on buildings proceed with collecting materials for building a jail. On the last day of September following this order, the court accepted from Timothy Gay the gift of a parallelogram lot of land to erect the Norfolk County Jail next to his tavern. It

3750-671: The northeast, St. Mary's Street. When Frederick Law Olmsted designed the Emerald Necklace of parks and parkways for Boston in the 1890s, the Muddy River was integrated into the Riverway and Olmsted Park , creating parkland accessible by both Boston and Brookline residents. Throughout its history, Brookline has resisted being annexed by Boston, in particular during the Boston–Brookline annexation debate of 1873 . The neighboring towns of West Roxbury and Hyde Park connected Brookline to

3825-469: The policies of Governor Francis W. Sargent . In 1974 he worked for Sargent's Republican primary opponent, Carroll Sheehan . In February 1975 he formed Republicans for an Effective Grass Roots Organization (REGRO), a grassroots organization that sought to attract disenchanted Democrats to the Republican Party. In 1972 Nelson directed Richard M. Nixon 's canvassing efforts in Massachusetts. In 1976 he

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3900-423: The public: Other historic and cultural sites include: Since 1916, Brookline has been governed by a representative town meeting , which is the town's legislative body, and a five-person Select Board , the town's executive branch. Fifteen town meeting representatives are elected to three year terms from each of the town's seventeen precincts. From 1705 to 1916, the town was governed by an open town meeting and

3975-484: The rest of Norfolk County until they were annexed by Boston in 1874 and 1912, respectively, putting them in Suffolk County . Brookline is now separated from the remainder of Norfolk County. Brookline has long been regarded as a pleasant and verdant environment. In the 1841 edition of the Theory and Practice of Landscape Gardening , Andrew Jackson Downing described the area this way: The whole of this neighborhood of Brookline

4050-635: The rest of Norfolk County. Hingham and Hull were originally part of the Norfolk County legislation but petitioned to remain in Suffolk County and in June 1793 their removal to Norfolk County was repealed, making Cohasset an exclave . In 1803, they were moved into Plymouth County, Massachusetts . Norfolk County is the birthplace of four Presidents of the United States ( John Adams , John Quincy Adams , John F. Kennedy , and George H. W. Bush ), resulting in

4125-595: The sale of tobacco products to anyone under the age of 21. In March 2023, the Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court upheld the bylaw in the case Six Brothers Inc. v. Town of Brookline . The town is served by the Public Schools of Brookline . The student body at Brookline High School includes students from more than 76 countries. Many students attend Brookline High from surrounding neighborhoods in Boston, such as Mission Hill and Mattapan through

4200-465: The second exclave of Norfolk County in 1873 when the neighboring town of West Roxbury was annexed by Boston (thus leaving Norfolk County to join Suffolk County ) and Brookline refused to be annexed by Boston after the Brookline-Boston annexation debate of 1873 . At the 2000 census there were 650,308 people, 248,827 households, and 165,967 families residing in the county. The population density

4275-457: The town was 73.3% White , 3.4% Black or African American , 0.12% Native American , 15.6% Asian (6.7% Chinese , 2.6% Indian , 2.3% Korean , 1.8% Japanese ), 0.03% Pacific Islander , 1.01% from other races , and 3.0% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 5.0% of the population (0.9% Mexican , 0.8% Puerto Rican ). (Source: 2010 Census Quickfacts) There were 25,594 households, out of which 21.9% had children under

4350-474: The towns of Bellingham , Dedham , Foxborough , Franklin , Medfield , Medway , Needham , Stoughton , Stoughtonham , Walpole , and Wrentham , along with the Middlesex County towns of Holliston , Hopkinton , Natick , and Sherborn ought to be formed into a new county with Medfield as the shiretown. The Great and General Court did not look favorably upon the resolution, however, and no new county

4425-614: The west. It is known for being the birthplace of John F. Kennedy . The land which comprises what is today Brookline was first settled in 1638 as a hamlet in Boston, known as Muddy River (as it was settled on the west side of the river of the same name ). It was incorporated as a separate town with the name of Brookline in 1705. In 1873, Brookline had a contentious referendum in which it voted to remain independent from Boston. The later annexations of Brighton and West Roxbury , both in 1874, and that of Hyde Park in 1912, eventually made Brookline into an exclave of Norfolk County. The town has

4500-452: Was Smelt Brook. (That name appears on maps starting at least as early as 1852, but sometime between 1888 and 1925 the brook was covered over. ) The southern boundary, abutting Boston, was the Muddy River . In 1843, a racially restrictive covenant in Brookline forbade resale of property to "any negro or native of Ireland ." The Town of Brighton was merged with Boston in 1874, and

4575-685: Was 1,628 inhabitants per square mile (629/km ). There were 255,154 housing units at an average density of 639 per square mile (247/km ). The racial makeup of the county was 89.02% White or European American , 3.18% Black or African American , 0.13% Native American , 5.50% Asian , 0.02% Pacific Islander , 0.78% from other races, and 1.37% from two or more races. 1.84%. were Hispanic or Latino of any race. 28.6% were of Irish , 13.4% Italian , 7.7% English and 5.0% descendants of colonists ancestry according to Census 2000 . 85.7% spoke English , 2.3% Chinese in any dialect, 2.0% Spanish , 1.0% Italian and 1.0% French as their first language. Of

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4650-425: Was 1,693.6 inhabitants per square mile (653.9/km ). There were 270,359 housing units at an average density of 682.5 per square mile (263.5/km ). The racial makeup of the county was 82.3% white, 8.6% Asian, 5.7% black or African American, 0.2% American Indian, 1.3% from other races, and 1.9% from two or more races. Those of Hispanic or Latino origin made up 3.3% of the population. The largest ancestry groups were: Of

4725-538: Was a leader in Massachusetts in Ronald Reagan 's campaign against incumbent president Gerald Ford for the GOP Presidential nomination. In 1980 he and William Weld were co-chairmen for Congressman's Phil Crane 's short-lived bid for the GOP Presidential nomination. Nelson would ultimately endorse Ronald Reagan. On May 19, 1976, Nelson, backed by the conservative REGRO faction of the party, defeated Andrew Card ,

4800-586: Was annexed by Boston (and left Norfolk County to join Suffolk County ). Brookline refused to be annexed by Boston after the Boston–Brookline annexation debate of 1873 . Brookline separates the bulk of the city of Boston (except for a narrow neck or corridor near the Charles River ) from its westernmost neighborhoods of Allston–Brighton , which had been the separate town of Brighton until annexed by Boston in 1873. There are many neighborhood associations, some of which overlap. Neighborhoods, squares, and notable areas of Brookline include: The climate of Brookline

4875-462: Was built in 1827, the middle office on the west side of the lower level was used by the Registry. When the population of the county grew and the number of real estate transactions increased apace, a new building was constructed for the Registry across the street at 649 High Street. The Boston firm Peabody & Stearns was hired to design the current Registry of Deeds, built in 1905. The main section of

4950-534: Was criticized by some Republicans, which included Hatch, John A. Volpe , Henry Cabot Lodge Jr. , John W. Sears , William L. Saltonstall , Lewis Crampton , and Avi Nelson , for being narrowly supportive of conservative candidates and being unable to smooth over differences within the party. On April 8, 1980, he was defeated by State Representative Andrew Natsios 41 votes to 35. Following his defeat, Nelson defeated former Massachusetts Governor John Volpe to become Republican National Committeeman. He tried to regain

5025-414: Was installed around the perimeter. The Registry was originally housed in one of the first floor rooms of the home of Eliphalet Pond, the first registrar, at 963 Washington Street in Dedham. A sign was nailed to a tree out front informing the public of its location. It then moved to the original Norfolk County Courthouse and remained there for about three decades. When the new Norfolk County Courthouse

5100-609: Was known as the hamlet of Muddy River and was considered part of Boston until the Town of Brookline was independently incorporated in 1705. (The Muddy River was used as the Brookline–Boston border at incorporation.) It is said that the name derives from a farm therein once owned by Judge Samuel Sewall . Originally the property of CPT John Hull and Judith Quincy Hull. Judge Sewall came into possession of this tract, which embraced more than 350 acres, through Hannah Quincy Hull (Sewall) who

5175-424: Was replaced by a new Norfolk County Jail in 1817. The two story stone building was built in 1817 and was 33' square. Part of the jail was torn down in 1851 to erect a central, octagonal portion and two wings. It resulted in a building with the shape of a Latin cross , and featured Gothic Revival windows. The three tiers of cells radiated out like spokes from the central guardroom. There were two hangings in

5250-540: Was still sitting in the meetinghouse in 1794 but the new courthouse was completed in 1795. It was found to be too small, however, and the ceilings were so low as to stifle people in the courtrooms. Charles Bulfinch was hired in 1795 to design a turret for the building and Paul Revere was commissioned to cast a bell. When it became apparent that the Courthouse was out of date, the County Commissioners ordered

5325-525: Was supported by four Doric pillars. A bell made by Paul Revere was moved from the old courthouse to the new north portico, where it was tolled to announce court sessions. The interior had a hall running through the center paved with brick. On the eastern side were the offices of the Country Treasurer and the Clerk of Courts. On the western side were the Registry of Deeds and Probate Court. The courtroom

5400-696: Was the Hull's only daughter. John Hull in his youth lived in Muddy River Hamlet, in a little house which stood near the Sears Memorial Church. Hull removed to Boston, where he amassed a large fortune for those days. Judge Sewall probably never lived on his Brookline estate. According to the United States Census Bureau , Brookline has a total area of 6.8 sq mi (17.7 km ), all but 0.039 sq mi (0.1 km ) (0.44%) of which

5475-404: Was then created. Norfolk County, Massachusetts was created on March 26, 1793, by legislation signed by Governor John Hancock . Most of the towns were originally part of Suffolk County, Massachusetts . The towns of Dorchester and Roxbury were part of Norfolk County when it was created but, as Boston annexed each town, they became part of Suffolk County again, leaving Brookline separated from

5550-433: Was upstairs and featured an arched ceiling. The high sheriff had a desk in the room. From the outside it was an attractive building, but it was not a comfortable place to work. The only water was provided by a well on Court Street, and it did not have an adequate heating system. One employee complained that it was "barren and destitute of every convenience, demanded for health, comfort and decency." In 1846, an iron fence

5625-417: Was wide, with 16.6% under the age of 18, 11.7%, from 18 to 24, 37.3% from 25 to 44, 21.9% from 45 to 64, and 12.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 34 years. For every 100 females, there were 82.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 79.1 males. The median income for a household for 2021 in the town was $ 83,318, and the median income for a family was $ 122,356. Males had

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