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95-591: Stadia was a cloud gaming service developed and operated by Google . Known in development as Project Stream , the service debuted through a closed beta in October 2018, and publicly launched in November 2019. Stadia was accessible through Chromecast Ultra and Android TV devices, on personal computers via the Google Chrome web browser and other Chromium -based browsers, Chromebooks and tablets running ChromeOS , and

190-668: A DualShock 3, 4, DualSense , or any XInput -compatible controller, such as Xbox Wireless Controller , Elite Wireless Controller or Adaptive Controller , to use the service. If members intended to stream their games, Sony recommended that players have a minimum of 5 Mbps internet connection to achieve good performance. PlayStation Now was announced on January 7, 2014 at the 2014 Consumer Electronics Show powered by technology from Gaikai . At CES, Sony presented demos of The Last of Us , God of War: Ascension , Puppeteer , and Beyond: Two Souls , playable through PS Now on Bravia TVs and PlayStation Vita. The closed beta began in

285-537: A white-label product . Google announced in September 2022 that it would be shutting down Stadia; the service went offline permanently on January 18, 2023. Google refunded those that bought the hardware, and provided a software update to the Stadia controller to enable Bluetooth connectivity for use on computers, phones, tablets, and game consoles. Stadia was a cloud gaming service, in which it requires an Internet connection and

380-469: A 7-day free trial, there were three pricing options available for the subscription service. A separate subscription fee for online multiplayer was not required for PlayStation Now games. The three pricing options gave access to both single player and online multiplayer components. PlayStation Now was available in Europe (including Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg,

475-698: A Chromecast Ultra, a "Clearly White" Stadia controller, and a three-month subscription to the Pro tier included. At launch, Stadia was limited to the subscription-only Pro tier. The service was expanded to several Samsung Galaxy , Razer Phone , and ASUS ROG Phone devices in February 2020, after being only available on Google Pixel devices for months since its launch. In March 2020, Google sent promotional emails to owners of Chromecast Ultra devices offering three months of Stadia Pro at no cost for redemption. The following month, while many people were quarantining at home during

570-460: A Stadia Smart TV app. Project Stream was Google's first announced sign of interest in video gaming products. The company had previously been rumored as working on a service called Project Yeti since at least 2016. Google had also hired gaming industry executive Phil Harrison and was seen recruiting developers during industry events in 2018. Project Stream's main differentiator from past services, such as OnLive , GeForce Now , and PlayStation Now ,

665-566: A Stadia promotion in anticipation for the release of Resident Evil Village . The promotion offered a free Stadia Premiere kit after the purchase of either the Standard or Deluxe Editions of the game. All Stadia Pro members were given access to a free edition of Resident Evil 7 Gold Edition . In December 2020, Stadia expanded to eight new European markets: Austria, Czechia, Hungary, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia and Switzerland. In June 2021, Stadia launched on most Android TV devices including

760-503: A combination of hardware using its graphics processing units and software in May 2012, initially intending to partner with Gaikai for games on the service. Ubitus GameCloud was also introduced alongside Nvidia's Grid. GameCloud was designed as white-label service based on Nvidia's Grid that other providers could use to offer game streaming to their customers. Grid was formally introduced as part of its Nvidia Shield Android TV device during

855-606: A custom AMD GPU based on the Vega architecture with HBM2 memory, 56 compute units, and 10.7 teraFLOPS . The service employed solid-state drive storage, and 16 GB of RAM (supporting up to 484 GB/s bandwidth) shared between the GPU and the CPU . Google developed its own controller for Stadia. It has two thumbsticks , a directional pad, four main face buttons, two sets of shoulder buttons, and five additional controller face buttons. To use

950-531: A device running either Chromium or a dedicated application. Stadia elaborated upon YouTube 's capacity to stream media to the user, as game streaming was seen as an extension of watching video game live streams , according to Google's Phil Harrison ; the name "Stadia", the Latin plural of "stadium", was meant to reflect that it was offering a collection of entertainment, which the viewer could choose to sit back and watch, or take an active part in. As Google had built out

1045-459: A large multiplayer title led by Francois Pelland, a former Assassin's Creed developer, and left in limbo a near-finalized game from Harmonix which Harmonix says may still be released. Axios later reported that The Quarry by Supermassive Games and High on Life by Squanch Games were also both originally being developed for the service prior to the shutdown of the studios. The former would eventually be picked up by publisher 2K , and

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1140-525: A large number of data centers across the globe, the company believed that Stadia was in a better position for cloud gaming compared to past endeavors like OnLive , PlayStation Now , and Gaikai , as most players would be geographically close to a data center. Players could start playing games without having to download new content to their personal device. Players could opt to record or stream their sessions on to YouTube without extra software or equipment. Viewers of such streams could launch their own instances of

1235-448: A larger number of concurrent players on a game server; for example, servers for Grid are normally limited to 16 players, while the Stadia version allowed up to 40. While Stadia could use any HID-class USB controller, Google developed its own controller, which connected via the user's Wi-Fi directly to the Google data center in which the game was running, to reduce input latency. Google

1330-452: A limited introductory period of free access to Stadia Pro features, retaining access to any games purchased during this period if they fell back to the free Stadia level; initially, new users received two months of Pro access, which was reduced to one month starting on June 3, 2020. The internet speed requirements for the different types of picture quality from Stadia's service were as follows: Stadia required users to purchase games to use on

1425-399: A local game system. Cloud gaming can be made available on a wide range of computing devices, including mobile devices such as smartphones and tablets , digital media players , or proprietary thin client -like devices. Some services may offer additional features to take advantage of this model, including the ability for a viewer to join a player's session and temporarily take control of

1520-407: A mixed reception from reviewers, with most criticism directed at its limited library of games and lack of promised features. Google had initially intended to develop in-house games in addition to hosting games produced by third parties, but abandoned this plan in February 2021, shutting down its studios. The service continued to sell third party games, and Google offered the game-streaming technology as

1615-470: A player's device via client software. The client software handles the player's inputs, which are sent back to the server and executed in-game. Some cloud gaming services are based on access to a virtualized Windows environment, allowing users to download and install games and software as they normally would on a local computer. Cloud gaming can be advantageous as it eliminates the need to purchase expensive computer hardware or install games directly onto

1710-453: A potential target of about three million users in 2010. French telco SFR launched G-cluster gaming service in 2010 for its end users and Orange followed suit in 2012 offering the gaming service for its customers. Both services have been commercially operational ever since offering cloud gaming for their customers on TV and mobile. In early 2003, another attempt was announced by American company Infinium Labs , which intended to revolutionize

1805-399: A simple variant of snake used internally to test features before the service's shut down, as both their only first-party title and the final title released in the service, as a thank you gift for all Stadia players. The game consisted of a campaign mode consisting of a handful of levels in which players must move their snake to reach a golden apple, an endless high-score based arcade mode,

1900-410: A stage builder, and a multiplayer mode which let up to four people play together in high-score or deathmatch variants. Never intended for public release, it featured rudimentary graphics and menus, and plays a single chiptune -style audio track on loop. Upon launch, Stadia's cloud hardware used a custom Intel x86 processor clocked at 2.7 GHz, with AVX2 and 9.5 megabytes of L2+L3 cache. It had

1995-477: A user's Steam and Epic Games Store library to run on the remote instance. This importing model was criticized by publishers including Activision Blizzard and Bethesda Softworks , as purchases were only intended for personal computers and not through cloud gaming. The publishers forced NVidia to pull these games from their service. In 2014, Dragon Quest X was brought to Nintendo 3DS in Japan using Ubitus for

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2090-548: The COVID-19 pandemic , Google launched a free version of Stadia, making it available to anyone in eligible countries with a valid Google account. Two-month Pro subscriptions were given at no cost to all new and existing platform users. Starting in June 2020, Stadia became accessible on OnePlus 's 5, 6, and 7 series phones, and access can be enabled on other Android phones and tablets with Android 6 and above as an "experimental" feature. At

2185-637: The Chromecast with Google TV , the Nvidia Shield TV and other smart TVs with Android TV support. During its beta, the service received generally positive initial impressions from reviewers, who felt that it met, and in some instances exceeded, expectations, and made for a potentially viable alternative to PC gaming. Ars Technica remarked that Project Stream's login sequence was far simpler than that of other services. Some minor discrepancies and technical issues were nonetheless noted. Reviewers reported that

2280-565: The Game Developers Conference in 2019, Google officially announced its cloud gaming service Stadia , which officially launched on November 19 of that year. In May, Sony announced a partnership with Microsoft to co-develop cloud solutions between divisions, including gaming. Apple Inc. , which makes the iOS platform for iPhones and iPads , had looked to block cloud gaming apps on its service in mid-2020. They argued that cloud gaming services allowed developers to add games onto

2375-467: The 2013 International Consumer Electronics Show . Grid/GeForce Now launched with services provided by several cloud gaming partners including Agawi, Cloudunion, Cyber Cloud, G-cluster, Playcast, and Ubitus. The Grid service was first launched in North America in November 2014 where a limited number of games were made available, and then later expanded to computers in 2017, including support for importing

2470-601: The Galaxy , and the Kingdom Hearts franchise, using Ubitus. A proposed method to improve game streaming's scalability is adaptive graphics processing unit (GPU) resource scheduling. Most cloud gaming providers are using dedicated GPUs to each person playing a game. This leads to the best performance but can waste resources. With better GPU resource scheduling algorithms, if the game does not fully utilize that GPU it can be used to help run someone else’s game simultaneously. In

2565-588: The Stadia mobile app on supported Android devices. There was also an experimental mode with support for all Android devices that were capable of installing the Stadia mobile app. In December 2020, Google released an iOS browser-based progressive web application for Stadia, enabling gameplay in the Safari browser. Stadia was capable of streaming video games to players from the company's numerous data centers at up to 4K resolution and 60 frames per second , with support for high-dynamic-range (HDR) video. It offered

2660-621: The US and the UK who had subscribed before November 6. The promotion ended two days later in the US after Google exhausted all available supply. The second promotion coincided with Stadia's first anniversary on November 19, and offered complimentary bundles to users who purchased a copy of Cyberpunk 2077 on Stadia. Google ended the promotion early on December 10 in Canada and on December 13 in all other regions after exhausting their supply. In March 2021, Google announced

2755-465: The United States in 2019. In May 2018, Electronic Arts acquired cloud gaming assets and talent from GameFly for an undisclosed amount. EA subsequently announced "Project Atlas", a project to explore the integration of artificial intelligence , machine learning , and Frostbite engine technology to create a "unified" platform to "remotely process and stream blockbuster, multiplayer HD games with

2850-576: The United States on January 28 with PS3, and on May 19 was extended to PS4. To implement the service, Sony created a single motherboard equivalent to 8 PS3 console units into a server rack to allow the games to function, as opposed to software emulation, due to architectural complexity. PlayStation Now was launched in Open Beta in the United States and Canada on PS4 on July 31, 2014, on PS3 on September 18, 2014, on PS Vita and PS TV on October 14, 2014, with support for select 2014 Bravia TVs coming later in

2945-575: The announcement. The technology behind Stadia was to be utilized in other parts of Google, including with its partners, however, in March 2023, Axios 's Stephen Totilo stated that Google has also terminated this white-label service. According to Google's Jack Buser, "We are not offering that streaming option, because it was tied to Stadia itself. So, unfortunately, when we decided to not move forward with Stadia, that sort of [business-to-business] offering could no longer be offered as well." Shortly after announcing

Google Stadia - Misplaced Pages Continue

3040-639: The best experience on Google's Pixelbook . Polygon found the service's audio compression noticeable. Digital Foundry performed a hands-on with Assassin's Creed Odyssey on a Pixelbook on the service in Beta, and found that in the testing environment, latency seemed acceptable, but there was a noticeable visual hit. They also remarked that Assassin's Creed Odyssey was not the best example for testing, as it did not operate at 60 frames per second. Stadia received mixed reviews upon its release according to review aggregator Metacritic . Wired Magazine described

3135-426: The browser sometime in early 2021. Amazon introduced its own cloud gaming service Luna in September 2020. Games on the service will be offered via a channel-style subscription service, with Amazon's own games and those from Ubisoft available at the service's launch. Nintendo currently has games on Nintendo Switch that primarily run on cloud gaming such as Control , Hitman 3 , Marvel's Guardians of

3230-428: The controller were given as gifts to people who worked on Stadia. While the Stadia controller does have a Bluetooth Low Energy radio , this was initially disabled. Google released a web-based tool on January 17, 2023, to enable Bluetooth on the controller, allowing it to be used with computers and other devices just before and after the shutdown of Stadia. The deadline for converting the controller from WiFi to Bluetooth

3325-474: The controller, players could either plug it into a compatible device with a USB cable, or connect it over Wi-Fi to a local network for a direct connection to Google's Stadia servers, reducing input lag . The controller was available in three color schemes, "Clearly White", "Just Black", and "Wasabi"; the "Founder's Edition" bundle included a limited-edition "Midnight Blue" controller. Google produced prototypes in several other colours, and transparent versions of

3420-414: The costs of cloud gaming shift from traditional distribution through retail outlets and digital storefronts to the data servers that run the cloud gaming services. Novel cost structures are required to cover these operating costs compared to traditional distribution. Cloud gaming requires significant infrastructure for the services to work as intended, including data centers and server farms for running

3515-631: The end of 2020 the service had over 130 games. In January 2020, Google announced that it planned to release over 120 games for Stadia during that year, of which 10 were timed exclusives set to release in the first half of the year. Further, Stadia claimed that more than 100 games would arrive in 2021. In December 2020, Ubisoft's gaming subscription, Ubisoft+ arrived on Stadia, letting users play all Ubisoft games available on Stadia. There were 18 Ubisoft games available at launch with later titles added as they released. On January 13, 2023, five days before its closure, Stadia Platform Content released Worm Game ,

3610-670: The end of Stadia in October 2022, Google unveiled new Chromebooks designed around cloud gaming, with GeForce Now preinstalled and direct support for Xbox Cloud Gaming, Amazon Luna, and Google Play. Neither Stadia employees nor game developers were made aware of these plans before the announcement, which caused concern for developers who had planned to release new games on the service. Ubisoft stated that Stadia players would be able to transfer their purchased games to personal computer versions via their Ubisoft Connect platform for free. Other studios said they were evaluating methods to transfer saved game progress from Stadia to other platforms ahead of

3705-615: The expansion of the PlayStation Plus service to offer additional tiers in May–June 2022, the standalone PlayStation Now subscription was shut down, but its services were incorporated into the PlayStation Plus Premium tier. No games could be downloaded to a PC. Downloaded games could be played without an internet connection, but internet connection was required for verification every few days. Non-PlayStation devices required

3800-520: The financial or corporate backing to bring the "level of investment required to reach scale" expected for high-end game development, with Google seeing that area as too much of a risk. Video Games Chronicle also reported that several planned games for the service were cancelled leading up to the closure of the studios. These included a sequel to Typhoon Studios's Journey to the Savage Planet , planned projects led by Hideo Kojima and Yu Suzuki , and

3895-656: The future possibility of using such a concept to "[reduce] latency to the point where it's basically nonexistent", referring to this concept as "negative latency". PlayStation Now PlayStation Now ( PS Now ) was a standalone video game subscription service on consoles developed by Sony Interactive Entertainment . The service offered cloud gaming for PlayStation 2 , PlayStation 3 , and PlayStation 4 games that could be played on PlayStation 4, PlayStation 5 and Microsoft Windows computers. In addition, PlayStation 2, and PlayStation 4 games could be downloaded to play locally on PlayStation 4 and PlayStation 5. With

Google Stadia - Misplaced Pages Continue

3990-532: The game in their Chrome browsers. Those who participated received a free copy of the game when the beta expired. Stadia was formally announced during Google's keynote address at the 2019 Game Developers Conference in March 2019. Alongside Stadia, Google established the Stadia Games and Entertainment division in March 2019, with industry veteran Jade Raymond as its head. This division focused on internal development of games specifically for Stadia. The first studio

4085-453: The game without major performance issues and bugs, and in some cases, saw a delayed ability to download the game. Players who ran the game through Stadia saw fewer instances of crashes and an overall smoother experience. Cloud gaming Cloud gaming platforms operate in a similar manner to remote desktops and video on demand services; games are stored and executed remotely on a provider's dedicated hardware, and streamed as video to

4180-459: The game. Due to their dependency on high-quality streaming video, cloud gaming services typically require reliable, high-speed internet connections with low latency . Even with high-speed connections available, traffic congestion and other issues affecting network latency can affect the performance of cloud gaming, and the ability to use a service regularly may also be limited by data caps enforced by some internet service providers . Further,

4275-449: The games directly from the stream that they were just watching. Stadia promised novel features based on its streaming model. Stream Connect would allow Stadia players, cooperatively playing the same game with friends, to have picture-in-picture inserts on their display of their friends' point-of-view in the game. This feature was first launched with the release of Tom Clancy's Ghost Recon Breakpoint . The streaming technology allowed for

4370-589: The games, and high-bandwidth internet connections with low latency for delivering the streams to users. The network infrastructure required to make cloud gaming feasible was, for many years, not available in most geographic areas, or unavailable to consumer markets. A major factor in the quality of a cloud gaming service is latency, as the amount of delay between the user's inputs and when they take effect can affect gameplay — especially in fast-paced games dependent on precise inputs (such as first-person shooters and fighting games ). Attempts to reduce latency include

4465-464: The iOS system that bypassed the normal checks they perform on any app before it is added to the App Store, and thus violated their terms of service. However, in September 2020, Apple altered its rules that allowed cloud gaming apps to work on iOS, with restrictions that each game must be offered as an individual download on the iOS store which the user must use before playing, though catalog apps as part of

4560-410: The image quality as "drab", but admitted to preferring to play Destiny 2 on a Chromebook instead of a larger gaming laptop. VentureBeat criticized the service's pricing model, comparing it unfavorably to subscription services such as Xbox Game Pass , and claiming that Stadia "doesn't matter". Digital Foundry found that the service was not playing all games at 4K resolutions: Red Dead Redemption 2

4655-614: The industry." The shutdown affected about 150 employees, including Raymond, who left Google that day. Sean Hollister of The Verge wondered if the shutdown were provoked by poor sales of Cyberpunk 2077 on Stadia, in a "make-or-break moment for the service", while Kotaku writers reported that Google's decision to close the studios followed after Microsoft announced their intended acquisition of ZeniMax Media for Xbox Game Studios in September 2020. Reports from Bloomberg News and Wired , based on information from people who worked on Stadia, said that, for Google, game development

4750-409: The latter was eventually self-published by Squanch. The shutdown, Hollister suggested, was a change of direction for Stadia toward a white-label platform that Google could license out to game publishers for things like instant game demos. This was something that Nvidia had done with its GeForce streaming solutions. In May 2021, at least six lead people for Stadia left Google, including John Justice,

4845-469: The lowest possible latency, and also to unlock even more possibilities for dynamic social and cross-platform play." That month, Google and Microsoft also announced cloud gaming initiatives, with Google beginning to pilot "Project Stream" (including a closed beta featuring Assassin's Creed Odyssey running via a client in the Google Chrome web browser, and Microsoft announced the upcoming Project xCloud , leveraging Microsoft Azure technology. At

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4940-404: The market of home entertainment with their Phantom video game console, a device that was envisioned to be capable of providing an on-demand video game delivery service via monthly online subscription. The Phantom was designed to run PC games, thus making it compatible with hundreds of titles from the start, and was to be sold at a much lower price than high-end PC gaming rigs. A functioning prototype

5035-412: The market, G-cluster changed their model to work through a large server manufacturer to provide their games to the network operators and directly to users. This refocusing was necessitated by the increased available of free-to-play games available for personal computers, drawing them away from G-cluster's service, so G-cluster opted to focus on Internet Protocol television (IPTV) users instead, which had

5130-516: The option to purchase games from its store, along with a selection of free-to-play games. While the base service was free and allowed users to stream at resolutions up to 1080p, a Stadia Pro monthly subscription allowed for a maximum resolution of 4K, 5.1 surround sound , HDR , and offered a growing collection of free games that—once claimed—remained in the user's library whenever they had an active subscription. Both tiers allowed users to play online multiplayer games without any additional costs. Stadia

5225-522: The past, “GPU virtualization was not used due to the inferior performance of the resource scheduling algorithm”. However new resource management algorithms have been developed that can allow up to 90% of the GPUs original power to be utilized even while being split among many users. Algorithms could be used to help predict a player's next inputs, which could overcome the impact of latency in cloud gaming applications. Stadia's head of engineering Majd Bakar foresaw

5320-518: The platform in 2022, and that they were working on new features not yet announced. In February 2021, Chromebooks started to launch with Stadia pre-installed. On September 29, 2022, Google announced that it would shut down Stadia, citing its lack of traction with users. The service was shut down on January 18, 2023, and Google refunded all purchases for hardware and games made through the Google and Stadia stores leaving its own controller being Bluetooth compatible. All storefront features were disabled with

5415-519: The potential for cloud gaming was now timely. OnLive was officially launched in June 2010, alongside sale of its OnLive microconsole . While OnLive had acquired some support from large publishers like Ubisoft , 2K Games and THQ , they found it difficult to get other publishers onboard as they were wary of the subscription price model. Simultaneous to OnLive, another startup Gaikai was announced by David Perry in 2010. Gaikai opted to approach streaming of game demos rather than full games, making

5510-474: The research on a cloud gaming system in 2005 for Crysis , but according to their CEO Cevat Yerli, they halted development in 2007 to wait until the infrastructure and cable Internet providers were able to complete the task and the cost of bandwidth to decline. Entrepreneur Steve Perlman revealed OnLive at the March 2009 Game Developers Conference . Perlman stated that with improvements in data and video compression as well as capabilities of smartphones ,

5605-457: The rights to Journey to the Savage Planet and its in-progress sequel. Google began licensing out Stadia's technology as a white-label product in October 2021, branded as "Immersive Stream for Games", which was intended to be expanded to other business solutions by Google. One of the first instances using this product was an offer for AT&T customers to play a Stadia-enabled version of Batman: Arkham Knight for free. Another early example

5700-435: The same time, touch controls were made available as an alternative to using a supported controller for touchscreen Android devices. That same month, the "Premiere Edition" bundle received a price reduction to US$ 99. In November 2020, Google ran two promotions through which they gave away complimentary "Premiere Edition" bundles. The first, which began on November 10, offered bundles at no cost to YouTube Premium subscribers in

5795-821: The second would expand upon the first by including a catalog of titles, and the third one would expand upon the first two by including game trials as well as a catalog of games from the PlayStation , PlayStation 2 , PlayStation 3 , and PlayStation Portable . On March 29, 2022, Sony officially announced the merger of the two services under the Plus branding. The merger took place over May and June 2022. PlayStation 2, PlayStation 3, and PlayStation 4 games on PlayStation Now could be streamed to PlayStation 4, PlayStation 5, and PC. As of 2020, there were over 800 games available, with over 300 of them available for download to PlayStation 4 and PlayStation 5. New games were added every month. After

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5890-503: The service a form of online advertising for games. Gaikai gained far more publisher support, including Electronic Arts which OnLive had been trying to bring back to their service. Gaikai was acquired by Sony Computer Entertainment in July 2012 for $ 340 million , and by October 2012, was offering PlayStation games. Ultimately, the technology behind Gaikai was used as the foundation for PlayStation Now , first introduced in 2014. OnLive

5985-491: The service as Sony started to gradually roll out the new feature to subscribers. On January 23, 2019, Sony announced that the service would be launching in Spain, Italy, Portugal, Norway, Denmark, Finland and Sweden later in the year. A beta for these countries launched in early February and the full service launched on March 12, 2019. On April 22, 2021, Sony announced that support for 1080p streaming would start rolling out during

6080-436: The service can list and link to these games. Both GeForce Now and Stadia announced plans in November 2020 to release iOS versions of their streaming services as progressive web applications that would be run through a Chrome or Safari browser on iOS devices, as allowed for by Apple, to support cloud gaming. Microsoft has also announced plans to use a similar approach to bring the xCloud game streaming technology to iOS via

6175-438: The service starting in July 2021, the share split based on hours played by Stadia users. Additionally, in an affiliate marketing scheme, Stadia would pay the first month of a new Stadia Pro membership fee to any developer who drew a new user to the service. The former members of Typhoon Games were able to secure funding, including some from Tencent , to launch a new studio Raccoon Logic, and through negotiations with Google retained

6270-823: The service's slate of launch titles and lack of promoted features". Dieter Bohn from The Verge said that "I have put in enough hours in enough conditions to say that this is a beta product, and Google should have labeled it as such and launched it differently. Because even in the best conditions, this ain't the best." Toward the end of January 2020, Stadia users expressed concern about Google's lack of communication about Stadia, outside of announcing monthly free game additions. These users were concerned about planned features that were only months away on Google's initial timeline, but had yet to be discussed further, such as 4K streaming resolution support. A Google community manager had been following these discussions and expressed sympathy for users who were waiting for information, saying that there

6365-449: The service's technical performance, while criticising its game selection for being too old and only featuring one exclusive. Ars Technica concluded: "Early adopters feel like they're getting a beta product here. Wait until next year to see if Google can work out the kinks and prove the service's longevity." S&P Global Market Intelligence reported that: "Stadia met with tepid enthusiasm from analysts and early adopters who criticized

6460-554: The service, though it also offered a selection of fully free-to-play titles. Pro subscribers also had the option to claim a growing catalog of free games that, once claimed, remained available to the user as long as they had an active subscription. At the time of the platform's unveiling in June 2019, Google announced that Gylt by Tequila Works and Get Packed by Moonshine Studios would be timed exclusives to Stadia. The service launched with 22 games, adding 4 more in December 2019, and by

6555-406: The shutdown. For example, Bethesda Softworks confirmed that players of Elder Scrolls Online would be able to transfer their Stadia accounts to other platforms. Some games that had been Stadia-exclusive would be released as multiplatform titles, such as Tequila Works ' Gylt . Not all Stadia-exclusive games are available elsewhere after its closure. For example, Outcasters from Splash Damage

6650-491: The streaming service had low latency and felt as if the games were being played locally. Despite this, depending on Wi-Fi speeds, the games sometimes reduced their screen resolution or lagged. A test by The Verge found no lag issues over a wired Ethernet connection, and occasional stuttering on a shared Wi-Fi connection. However, even on a wired connection, the stream did not output at 4K resolution and occasionally went fuzzy with compression artifacting . The reviewer reported

6745-497: The streaming technology. In 2017, the French startup Blade launched a service known as Shadow, where users are able to rent a remote Windows 10 instance on a datacenter, with allocated access to an Intel Xeon processor and Nvidia Quadro graphics. The service is geographically-limited based on proximity to one of its datacenters; it initially launched in France, but began expanding into

6840-496: The use of caching as the cached data can be "stored locally ... and can be retrieved when required." The provider's dedicated hardware can be upgraded over time in order to support higher resolutions and frame rates for the rendering and streams. The Quality of Experience (QoE) that measures the user's general level of satisfaction also needs to be brought into consideration during the development phase of cloud gaming. The first demonstrated approach of cloud gaming technology

6935-729: The user was playing. Stadia offered two tiers of service: a free level (initially at launch known as "Stadia Base" but after April 2020, simply "Stadia"), and a monthly subscription Stadia Pro level. The free Stadia level limited the video stream resolution to 1080p . The Pro tier, costing approximately US$ 10 per month, allowed users higher streaming rates, up to 4K resolution , access to a library of free games over time, and discounts on other games offered for Stadia. Publisher-specific subscriptions would also be offered; for example, Ubisoft announced that its Uplay Plus (now renamed to Ubisoft+ ) subscription service would be available to Stadia users. Since April 2020, new Stadia users were offered

7030-503: The user, but this failed to be profitable. OnLive and OL2's intellectual property was acquired by Sony Computer Entertainment in April 2015, but then closed it down about a month later. As stated by The Verge , the acquisition of both Gaikai and OnLive's intellectual property gave Sony access to a range of patents covering cloud gaming. Nvidia first announced its cloud gaming service, Nvidia Grid (later rebranded as GeForce Now ), as

7125-501: The vice-president of Stadia for Google; Sebastien Puel, Stadia's general manager; and Corey May, Stadia's head of creative services and publishing. The latter two joined Raymond at her new studio, Haven, further putting the future of Stadia in question. During the Epic Games v. Apple trial, Epic's CEO Tim Sweeney stated that Stadia had been "very significantly scaled back" since its launch. Google stated in wake of these events that Stadia

7220-411: The week. On December 3, 2021, Bloomberg reported that Sony was working on a new subscription service codenamed "Spartacus". The service would be a merger of the company’s current services, PlayStation Plus , and PlayStation Now, with the company reportedly set to keep the Plus branding. The service would include three tiers: the first would include all the benefits that PlayStation Plus would include,

7315-477: The year. At Gamescom 2014, SCE announced that PS Now would arrive in Europe in 2015, with the United Kingdom to be the first European country to access the service. On December 24, 2014, Sony announced that PlayStation Now would expand to the other electronic brands. On CES 2015, Sony confirmed that PlayStation Now would arrive in North America on PS4 as full release on January 13, 2015. On March 7, 2015, it

7410-523: Was Capcom 's use of the Stadia technology to offer a free demo of Resident Evil Village in June 2022 through any web browser. In December 2021, it was announced that Stadia had been ported to LG televisions running WebOS 5.0 or later. On February 4, 2022, Business Insider reported that Google intended to shift its focus on Stadia from video games to playable experiences and online demos, as Stadia had been "demoted". That same day, Google announced on Twitter that Stadia would have 100 more games coming to

7505-537: Was "alive and well" with significant plans for expansion in 2021. To draw more developers to the platform, Stadia announced a new revenue sharing program in July 2021. Through 2023, Stadia would take only a 15% cut of a game's revenue on the platform, up to $ 3 million . After that, their cut would return to their standard rate, believed to have been near the industry-wide 30% average, under what Google called "competitive revenue share terms". Further, Stadia would share 70% of Stadia Pro membership fees with games that entered

7600-416: Was also caused by the closure of Typhoon Studios. The announcement came after the decisions were made about Stadia's priorities for game development and delivery. Harrison stated that the decision would focus on making the platform more amenable as a publishing platform for third-party developers, stating, "We believe this is the best path to building Stadia into a long-term, sustainable business that helps grow

7695-405: Was also exploring further ways to reduce latency, involving the prediction of user input through various means, so that any apparent network lag between controller and game response was minimized. During its GDC 2019 keynote presentation, Google confirmed that the controller would also feature Google Assistant , which would automatically search YouTube for relevant, helpful videos related to the game

7790-538: Was an unusual concept, in contrast to building out the technology to operate Stadia, and had never had the full support of the company. Further, under Harrison's leadership, despite millions of dollars spent to get major titles on the service, like Red Dead Redemption 2, and to recruit Jade Raymond to develop exclusive content, Stadia had missed target user counts and revenues by a significant amount, contributing to Google's decision to close down its studios. The founders of Typhoon Studio agreed that Google did not have either

7885-448: Was announced by Google in November 2020 and released on December 16, 2020. It ran in Chrome or Safari web browsers, to avoid restrictions Apple had in place for apps that directly stream libraries of games. This browser-based approach had been similarly adapted by GeForce Now . At the 2021 Consumer Electronics Show , Google announced that several upcoming LG smart televisions would include

7980-440: Was available for pre-order for US$ 129 prior to the service's launch, included: a Chromecast Ultra ; a limited-edition "Midnight Blue" Stadia controller; three months of Pro service; an additional three months of Pro service to gift to a friend; a Founder's badge next to their user name; and first access to register a user name. After "Founder's Edition" pre-orders sold out, Google announced a "Premiere Edition" bundle for US$ 129, with

8075-456: Was by startup G-cluster (short for Game Cluster), which introduced its product at the 2000 E3 , and released around 2003. In their initial model around 2005, G-cluster provided PC games that ran on their servers, using video-on-demand service providers, set-top box manufacturers, and middleware software providers to help provide their service to network operators, and then offered the games through portals to end users. By 2010, due to changes in

8170-523: Was established in Montreal on October 24, 2019. In December 2019, the Stadia Games and Entertainment division acquired Typhoon Studios to develop additional content for the platform. A second Stadia studio, located in Playa Vista, Los Angeles , was opened in March 2020, led by former Santa Monica Studio head Shannon Studstill. Google shut down Stadia Games and Entertainment on February 1, 2021. This decision

8265-521: Was first presented at the E3 2004, running Unreal Tournament 2004 , and then again at QuakeCon , where it was shown to be capable of perfectly operating Quake 3 Arena on a dedicated server. After a couple years of setbacks, the company bankrupted in 2008, with the Phantom console never officially released to the market, becoming one of the most popular vaporware of recent times. Video game developer Crytek began

8360-484: Was found to only run at 1440p, and Destiny 2 ran at only 1080p (albeit at a frame rate higher than that of the console versions). Digital Foundry also said that games like Red Dead Redemption 2 struggled to maintain a consistent 60 frames per second, claiming that their test of the game on Chromecast only managed a solid 30 FPS, while a test on the Chrome browser showed an unstable 60 FPS that dropped frequently. The Guardian gave Stadia three stars out of five, praising

8455-551: Was integrated with YouTube , and its "state share" feature allowed players to launch a supported game from a save state shared by another player via permalink . The service supported Google's proprietary Stadia game controller , along with various non-Stadia controllers through USB and Bluetooth connections. The service was in competition with other cloud gaming services, including Sony 's PlayStation Plus cloud streaming, Nvidia 's GeForce Now , Amazon 's Luna , and Microsoft 's Xbox Cloud Gaming . Stadia initially received

8550-537: Was its ability to run in any desktop Chrome browser, so no additional software needed to be installed. The service used AMD Radeon graphics hardware . Internally, the service was developed around 2016's Doom to show that the proof-of-concept worked in realistic settings across the public internet. Google announced the service in October 2018 and, soon after, opened invitations to beta testers with access to Assassin's Creed Odyssey . Players could apply for access and those who met an Internet speed minimum could run

8645-465: Was never profitable, and after a possible acquisition by HP Inc. fell through, OnLive's assets were acquired by a newly formed entity named "OL2", which was capitalized by Gary Lauder of Lauder Partners in 2012 at $ 4.8 million , a fraction of OnLive's valuation from 2010. A mass layoff (2/3 of staff) was conducted to reduce operating costs. Under Lauder Partners, the new OL2 attempted to pivot its business model to allow streaming of games already owned by

8740-421: Was news coming soon. Google's official response was to direct users to its Stadia community site, where it was providing weekly updates on the progress of Stadia's features, and said that it left it to publishers to announce when new games would be available on Stadia. Cyberpunk 2077 experienced a tumultuous launch on eighth-generation consoles such as the PlayStation 4 and Xbox One as they struggled to run

8835-549: Was originally planned to end on December 31, 2023, but it got pushed by a year to December 31, 2024. Stadia was built on Debian Linux servers and Vulkan was their graphics API. "This [Stadia] starts with our platform foundations of Linux and Vulkan and shows in our selection of GPUs that have open-source drivers and tools. We're integrating LLVM and DirectX Shader Compiler to ensure you get great features and performance from our compilers and debuggers." A progressive web application -based version of Stadia for iOS devices

8930-442: Was reliant on Stadia technology, so the developers have no plans to port the game to other systems. Google officially shut down Stadia on January 18, 2023 at 11:59 PM PST (07:59 UTC ). Stadia initially launched on November 19, 2019, in 14 countries: Belgium, Canada, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Spain, Sweden, the United Kingdom, and the United States. The "Founder's Edition" bundle, which

9025-546: Was revealed that PlayStation Now was accessible in Europe. Official beta invites for Europe started going out to PS4 owners on April 15, 2015. On February 17, 2017, Sony announced it would discontinue PlayStation Now on PlayStation 3 , PlayStation Vita , PlayStation TV , Sony Bravia televisions (modeled between 2013–15), Sony Blu-ray players and all Samsung televisions by August 15, 2017. On September 20, 2018, Sony announced that users on PlayStation 4 would be able to download PlayStation 2 and PlayStation 4 games offered via

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